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Wang R, Li J, Fu Y, Li Y, Qi Y, Li C, Gao F, Li C. Ferritinophagy-mediated apoptosis and paraptosis induction involved MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway in mechanism of an iron chelator. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115874. [PMID: 37866802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma cells were more resistant to ferroptosis with still poor therapy outcomes. Sensitizing melanoma cell to the ferroptosis inducer was a crucial strategy for treatment of melanoma. In the present study, 2,2'-di-pyridylketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate s-butyric acid (DpdtbA) displayed superior inhibitory activity than ferroptosis inducer Erastin in melanoma cells, which prompt us to explore the underlying mechanism. The analyses from flow cytometry and Western blot showed that the growth inhibition of DpdtbA against SK-MEL-28 and A375 cells involved apoptosis induction and G1 phase arrest. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic vacuoles were found upon the treatment; transmission electron microscopy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) staining revealed that the cytoplasmic vacuoles were in ER; while down-regulation of alix and requirement of protein synthesis suggested there was an occurrence of paraptosis. However, both NAC and 3-MA could significantly attenuate the cytoplasmic vacuolization and growth inhibition, hinting that both ROS and autophagy involved the paraptosis induction. The additional evidence revealed that there was an occurrence of continuous ferritinophagy, which was responsible for the ROS production. Downregulation of NCOA4 clearly attenuated the apoptosis and paraptosis induction. In addition, activation of MAPK involved regulation of paraptosis, but only ERK and JNK had role in the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and growth inhibition. Furthermore, a ROS dependent regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway was also involved. Taken together, our result firstly demonstrated that a continuous ferritinophagy contributed to the apoptosis and paraptosis induction, highlighting that the lysosomal labile iron pool had a crucial role in control of melanoma cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufang Wang
- Department of Dermatology of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Jinxue Li
- Department of Dermatology of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yun Fu
- Department of Dermatology of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yongli Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453514, PR China
| | - Yu Qi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Cuiping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Fulian Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Changzheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453514, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
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Yulak F, Filiz AK, Joha Z, Ergul M. Mechanism of anticancer effect of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor on HT-29 Cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:341. [PMID: 37891359 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation across various cancers, including colon cancer, making it a promising treatment target. This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor, on colon cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. HT-29 colon cancer cells were treated with varying doses of ETP 45658 and its cytotoxic effect assessed using the XTT cell viability assay.ELISA was also used to measure TAS, TOS, Bax, BCL-2, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and 8-oxo-dG levels. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis, cell cycle, caspase 3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, following the administration of DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) dye, the cells were visualized using an immunofluorescence microscope. It was observed that ETP-45658 exerted a dose-dependent and statistically significant antiproliferative effect on HT-29 colon cancer cells. Further investigations using the IC50 dose showed that ETP-45658 decreased TAS levels and increased TOS levels and revealed that it upregulated apoptotic proteins while downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins. Our findings also showed that it increased Annexin V binding, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induced caspase 3/7 activity, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultimately triggered apoptosis in HT-29 cells. ETP-45658 shows promise against colon cancer by inducing cell death, and oxidative stress, and arresting the cell cycle. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with ETP-45658 offers exciting potential for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yulak
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kemal Filiz
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zıad Joha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
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Liu C, Qiu X, Gao J, Gong Z, Zhou X, Luo H, Geng X. SPI1 involvement in malignant melanoma pathogenesis by regulation of HK2 through the AKT1/mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2675-2683. [PMID: 37539493 PMCID: PMC10494286 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Our work aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of SPI1 in melanoma. The mRNA and protein levels were measured via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The target relationship between SPI1 and hexokinase 2 (HK2) was determined using dual-luciferase reporter detection. ChIP was conducted to confirm the targeted relationship between SPI1 and the HK2 promoter. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to measure the positive cell number of SPI1 and HK2 in melanoma tissues. The cell migration abilities were determined using a wound healing assay. Glucose consumption, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, lactate production and ATP levels were measured to assess glycolysis. SPI1 transcription in melanoma cells and tissues was dramatically higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and epidermal melanocyte HEMa-LP, respectively. Knockdown of SPI1 restrained cell viability, metastasis and glycolysis in melanoma cells. SPI1 directly targeted HK2, and knockdown of SPI1 repressed HK2 expression. Overexpression of HK2 weakened the inhibitory effects of SPI1 knockdown on the viability, metastasis and glycolysis of melanoma cells. The serine-threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis is involved in melanoma progression. SPI1 knockdown restrained melanoma cell proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis by regulating the AKT1/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Liu
- Department of dermatologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Xiujuan Qiu
- Department of oncologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of general surguryXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Zhifan Gong
- Department of dermatologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of dermatologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Haichao Luo
- Department of oncologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
| | - Xuerui Geng
- Department of dermatologyXiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineXiangyangChina
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Bonetti L, Horkova V, Longworth J, Guerra L, Kurniawan H, Franchina DG, Soriano-Baguet L, Grusdat M, Spath S, Koncina E, Ewen A, Binsfeld C, Verschueren C, Gérardy JJ, Kobayashi T, Dostert C, Farinelle S, Härm J, Chen Y, Harris IS, Lang PA, Vasiliou V, Waisman A, Letellier E, Becher B, Mittelbronn M, Brenner D. A Th17 cell-intrinsic glutathione/mitochondrial-IL-22 axis protects against intestinal inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.547932. [PMID: 37489135 PMCID: PMC10363291 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.547932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the intestinal tract is a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the mechanisms by which antioxidant defense in gut T cells contribute to intestinal homeostasis are currently unknown. Here we show, using T cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that the ensuing loss of glutathione (GSH) impairs the production of gut-protective IL-22 by Th17 cells within the lamina propria. Although Gclc ablation does not affect T cell cytokine secretion in the gut of mice at steady-state, infection with C. rodentium increases ROS, inhibits mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial function in Gclc-deficient Th17 cells. These mitochondrial deficits affect the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to reduced phosphorylation of the translation repressor 4E-BP1. As a consequence, the initiation of translation is restricted, resulting in decreased protein synthesis of IL-22. Loss of IL-22 results in poor bacterial clearance, enhanced intestinal damage, and high mortality. ROS-scavenging, reconstitution of IL-22 expression or IL-22 supplementation in vivo prevent the appearance of these pathologies. Our results demonstrate the existence of a previously unappreciated role for Th17 cell-intrinsic GSH coupling to promote mitochondrial function, IL-22 translation and signaling. These data reveal an axis that is essential for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier and protecting it from damage caused by gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Bonetti
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Veronika Horkova
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joseph Longworth
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luana Guerra
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Henry Kurniawan
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Davide G. Franchina
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Leticia Soriano-Baguet
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sabine Spath
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Eric Koncina
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Anouk Ewen
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carole Binsfeld
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Charlène Verschueren
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Takumi Kobayashi
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Dostert
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Farinelle
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janika Härm
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isaac S. Harris
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research (DoCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Wang SC, Huang YC, Hsiao CC, Sheen JM, Huang LT, Lo WS, Hsieh HY, Chen YC. Melatonin protects against methotrexate hepatotoxicity in young rats: Impact of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23323. [PMID: 36890697 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement in children's acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) care, the survival rate in children ALL has improved much. Methotrexate (MTX) plays an essential role in the success of children's ALL treatment. Since hepatotoxicity is commonly reported in individuals treated with intravenous or oral MTX, our study further examined the hepatic effect following intrathecal MTX treatment, which is an essential treatment for leukemia patients. Specifically, we examined the pathogenesis of MTX hepatotoxicity in young rats and explored the impact of melatonin treatment in protection against MTX hepatotoxicity. Successfully, we found that melatonin was able to protect against MTX hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Malakoutikhah Z, Mohajeri Z, Dana N, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The dual role of Nrf2 in melanoma: a systematic review. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:5. [PMID: 36747120 PMCID: PMC9900951 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although novel treatments have improved patient survival in melanoma, the overall prognosis remains poor. To improve current therapies and patients outcome, it is necessary to identify the influential elements in the development and progression of melanoma.Due to UV exposure and melanin synthesis, the melanocytic lineage seems to have a higher rate of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation. Melanoma has been linked to an increased oxidative state, and all facets of melanoma pathophysiology rely on redox biology. Several redox-modulating pathways have arisen to resist oxidative stress. One of which, the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), has been recognized as a master regulator of cellular response to oxidative or electrophilic challenges. The activation of Nrf2 signaling causes a wide range of antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes to be expressed. As a result, this transcription factor has lately received a lot of interest as a possible cancer treatment target.On the other hand, Nrf2 has been found to have a variety of activities in addition to its antioxidant abilities, constant Nrf2 activation in malignant cells may accelerate metastasis and chemoresistance. Hence, based on the cell type and context, Nrf2 has different roles in either preventing or promoting cancer. In this study, we aimed to systematically review all the studies discussing the function of Nrf2 in melanoma and the factors determining its alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mohajeri
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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Canagliflozin interrupts mTOR-mediated inflammatory signaling and attenuates DMBA-induced mammary cell carcinoma in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113675. [PMID: 36115110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer prevalence has been globally increasing, therefore, introducing novel interventions in cancer treatment is of a significant importance. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Canagliflozin (CNG) in an experimental model of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in female rats. METHODS 18 female rats were divided into three experimental groups: Normal control, DMBA control, DMBA+ CNG treated group. DMBA (7.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously in the mammary cells twice weekly for 4 weeks and CNG (10 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for an additional 3 weeks while DMBA control rats only received the vehicle for 3 weeks. Tumors' weight and volume were measured, BRCA-1 and TAC were quantified in serum samples, mTOR, caspase-1, NFκB, IL-1β, NLRP3, GSDMD and MDA were quantified in tumors' homogenates. RESULTS CNG treatment increased the BRCA-1 expression, suppressed mTOR inflammatory pathway, attenuated tumor inflammatory mediators; NLRP3, GSDMD, NFκB, IL-1β, suppressed the oxidative stress and inhibited tumor expression of the proliferation biomarker; Ki67. CONCLUSION CNG modulated mTOR-mediated signaling pathway and attenuated pyroptotic, inflammatory pathways, suppressed oxidative stress and eventually inhibited DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma proliferation.
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Beberok A, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Marciniec K, Boryczka S, Wrześniok D. Interaction between moxifloxacin and Mcl-1 and MITF proteins: the effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1025-1040. [PMID: 36045272 PMCID: PMC9585003 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) activates the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, DNA replication, and repair, whereas Mcl-1 is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that promotes cell survival by preventing apoptosis. The objective of the present study was to verify whether the interaction between moxifloxacin (MFLX), one of the fluoroquinolones, and MITF/Mcl-1 protein, could affect the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in human breast cancer using both in silico and in vitro models. Methods Molecular docking analysis (in silico), fluorescence image cytometry, and Western blot (in vitro) techniques were applied to assess the contribution of MITF and Mcl-1 proteins in the MFLX-induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results We indicated the ability of MFLX to form complexes with MITF and Mcl-1 as well as the drug’s capacity to affect the expression of the tested proteins. We also showed that MFLX decreased the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced apoptosis via the intrinsic death pathway. Moreover, the analysis of the cell cycle progression revealed that MFLX caused a block in the S and G2/M phases. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time that the observed effects of MFLX on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (growth inhibition and apoptosis induction) could be related to the drug’s ability to interact with MITF and Mcl-1 proteins. Furthermore, the presented results suggest that MITF and Mcl-1 proteins could be considered as the target in the therapy of breast cancer. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-022-00407-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marciniec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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10
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Machine Learning Assistants Construct Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Signature and Discover Potential Therapy Targets for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1507690. [PMID: 36046688 PMCID: PMC9423988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, there is lack of relevant research to confirm that OS-related genes can guide patients in risk stratification and predict their survival probability. Method First, we Data from three public databases, respectively. Then, we use batch univariate Cox regression and machine learning to select important characteristic genes; next, we build the model and use receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to evaluate the accuracy. Moreover, GSEAs were performed to discover the molecular mechanism and conduct nomogram visualization. In addition, the relative importance value was used to identify the hub gene, and GSE9476 was to validate hub gene difference expression. Finally, we use symptom mapping to predict the candidate herbs, targeting the hub gene, and put these candidate herbs into Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) to identify the main small molecular ingredients and then docking hub proteins with this small molecular. Results A total of 313 candidate oxidative stress-related genes could affect patients' outcomes and machine learning to select six potential genes to construct a gene signature model to predict the overall survival (OS) of AML patients. Patients in a high group will obtain a short survival time when compared with the low-risk group (HR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.48-6.36; p < 0.001). ROC results demonstrate the model has better prediction efficiency with AUC 0.873. GSEA suggests that this gene is enriched in several important signaling pathways. Nomogram is constructed and is robust. PLA2G4A is a hub gene of signature and associated with prognosis, and Nobiletin could target PLA2G4A for therapy AML. Conclusion We use two different machine learning methods to build six oxidative stress-related gene signatures that could assist clinical decisions and identify PLA2G4A as a potential biomarker for AML. Nobiletin, targeting PLA2G4, may provide a third pathway for therapy AML.
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11
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Astaxanthin Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression by Suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Activation in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163427. [PMID: 36014933 PMCID: PMC9412703 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates signaling pathways associated with gastric cell invasion, which are mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We previously demonstrated that H. pylori activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased expression of MMP-10 in gastric epithelial cells. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, enhancing tumor invasion and cancer progression. The signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is associated with MMP expression. ROS activates PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, shows antioxidant activity by reducing ROS levels in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori. This study aimed to determine whether astaxanthin inhibits MMP expression, cell invasion, and migration by reducing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. H. pylori induced PIK3/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB activation, decreased IκBα, and induced MMP (MMP-7 and -10) expression, the invasive phenotype, and migration in AGS cells. Astaxanthin suppressed these H. pylori-induced alterations in AGS cells. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR reversed the H. pylori-stimulated NF-κB activation and decreased IκBα levels in the cells. In conclusion, astaxanthin suppressed MMP expression, cell invasion, and migration via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling in H. pylori-stimulated gastric epithelial AGS cells.
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12
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Zhang Q, Gao L, Huang S, Liang Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Wei S, Hu X. Cocktail of Astragalus Membranaceus and Radix Trichosanthis Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Growth and Cell Migration Through Regulation of Akt-Related Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:880215. [PMID: 35721145 PMCID: PMC9198299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.880215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma has high morbidity and mortality and limited treatment options. Traditional Chinese medicine has great potential in the clinical therapy of cancer, and the theory of compatibility is one core content of Chinese medical theory. Astragalus Membranaceus and Radix Trichosanthis are clinically effective for the treatment of various cancers. Methods: We verified the effects of AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” on melanoma model in vitro and in vivo and the mechanism of its effect on the Akt-related signaling pathway by network pharmacology, MTT, flow cytometry, LDH, SOD, MDA assay, and Western blot. Results: The network pharmacology analysis indicated that the PI3K-Akt pathway plays a crucial role in the treatment of malignant melanoma with these two herbs. In addition, AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” could inhibit the proliferation of A375 cells by reducing the survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner and by regulating the cell cycle, and the compatibility of two herbs also could inhibit melanoma growth. They could, respectively, induce apoptosis and inhibit migration by affecting the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Furthermore, LDH activity was decreased, while SOD increased and MDA reduced. The factors of the Akt-related signaling pathway, Akt and p-Akt, were decreased. Conclusion: This study showed that AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” could regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in A375 cells through the suppression of the Akt-related signaling pathway, and the “cocktail” groups had detoxification and additive effects. The best compatibility of the two herbs also can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Songli Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Sammad A, Luo H, Hu L, Zhao S, Gong J, Umer S, Khan A, Zhu H, Wang Y. Joint Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Prevails the Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Pro-Survival Fight in In Vitro Heat-Stressed Granulosa Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060839. [PMID: 35741360 PMCID: PMC9220676 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported the physical, transcriptome, and metabolome changes in in vitro acute heat-stressed (38 °C versus 43 °C for 2 h) bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells exhibited transient proliferation senescence, oxidative stress, an increased rate of apoptosis, and a decline in steroidogenic activity. In this study, we performed a joint integration and network analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data to further narrow down and elucidate the role of differentially expressed genes, important metabolites, and relevant cellular and metabolic pathways in acute heat-stressed granulosa cells. Among the significant (raw p-value < 0.05) metabolic pathways where metabolites and genes converged, this study found vitamin B6 metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Important significant convergent biological pathways included ABC transporters and protein digestion and absorption, while functional signaling pathways included cAMP, mTOR, and AMPK signaling pathways together with the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. Among the cancer pathways, the most important pathway was the central carbon metabolism in cancer. Through multiple analysis queries, progesterone, serotonin, citric acid, pyridoxal, L-lysine, succinic acid, L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, vitamin B6, choline, and CYP1B1, MAOB, VEGFA, WNT11, AOX1, ADCY2, ICAM1, PYGM, SLC2A4, SLC16A3, HSD11B2, and NOS2 appeared to be important enriched metabolites and genes, respectively. These genes, metabolites, and metabolic, cellular, and cell signaling pathways comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms underlying the intricate fight between death and survival in acute heat-stressed bovine granulosa cells and essentially help further our understanding (and will help the future quest) of research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sammad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Hanpeng Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Lirong Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Shanjiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianfei Gong
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Saqib Umer
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Adnan Khan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
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14
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Arslanbaeva L, Tosi G, Ravazzolo M, Simonato M, Tucci FA, Pece S, Cogo P, Santoro MM. UBIAD1 and CoQ10 protect melanoma cells from lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102272. [PMID: 35255427 PMCID: PMC8902599 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, although it accounts for a minority of all skin cancers. Oxidative stress is involved in all stages of melanomagenesis and cutaneous melanoma can sustain a much higher load of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) than normal tissues. Melanoma cells exploit specific antioxidant machinery to support redox homeostasis. The enzyme UBIA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (UBIAD1) is responsible for the biosynthesis of non-mitochondrial CoQ10 and plays an important role as antioxidant enzyme. Whether UBIAD1 is involved in melanoma progression has not been addressed, yet. Here, we provide evidence that UBIAD1 expression is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in human melanoma patients. Furthermore, UBIAD1 and CoQ10 levels are upregulated in melanoma cells with respect to melanocytes. We show that UBIAD1 and plasma membrane CoQ10 sustain melanoma cell survival and proliferation by preventing lipid peroxidation and cell death. Additionally, we show that the NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), responsible for the 2-electron reduction of CoQ10 on plasma membranes, acts downstream of UBIAD1 to support melanoma survival. By showing that the CoQ10-producing enzyme UBIAD1 counteracts oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation events in cutaneous melanoma, this work may open to new therapeutic investigations based on UBIAD1/CoQ10 loss to cure melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaisan Arslanbaeva
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, DiBio, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, DiBio, University of Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Ravazzolo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, DiBio, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Simonato
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica "Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Cogo
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica "Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy; Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital S Maria della Misericordia, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, DiBio, University of Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy.
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15
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Sammad A, Luo H, Hu L, Zhu H, Wang Y. Transcriptome Reveals Granulosa Cells Coping through Redox, Inflammatory and Metabolic Mechanisms under Acute Heat Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091443. [PMID: 35563749 PMCID: PMC9105522 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress affects granulosa cells (GCs) and the ovarian follicular microenvironment, causing poor oocyte developmental competence and fertility. This study aimed to investigate the physical responses and global transcriptomic changes in bovine GCs to acute heat stress (43 °C for 2 h) in vitro. Heat-stressed GCs exhibited transient proliferation senescence and resumed proliferation at 48 h post-stress, while post-stress immediate culture-media change had a relatively positive effect on proliferation resumption. Increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis was observed in the heat-stress group. In spite of the upregulation of inflammatory (CYCS, TLR2, TLR4, IL6, etc.), pro-apoptotic (BAD, BAX, TNFSF9, MAP3K7, TNFRSF6B, FADD, TRADD, RIPK3, etc.) and caspase executioner genes (CASP3, CASP8, CASP9), antioxidants and anti-apoptotic genes (HMOX1, NOS2, CAT, SOD, BCL2L1, GPX4, etc.) were also upregulated in heat-stressed GCs. Progesterone and estrogen hormones, along with steroidogenic gene expression, declined significantly, in spite of the upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Out of 12,385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 330 significant DEGs (75 upregulated, 225 downregulated) were subjected to KEGG functional pathway annotation, gene ontology enrichment, STRING network analyses and manual querying of DEGs for meaningful molecular mechanisms. High inflammatory response was found to be responsible for oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis of GCs and nodes towards the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and repression of the Nrf2 pathway. Downregulation of MDM4, TP53, PIDD1, PARP3, MAPK14 and MYC, and upregulation of STK26, STK33, TGFB2, CDKN1A and CDKN2A, at the interface of the MAPK and p53 signaling pathway, can be attributed to transient cellular senescence and apoptosis in GCs. The background working of the AMPK pathway through upregulation of AKT1, AMPK, SIRT1, PYGM, SLC2A4 and SERBP1 genes, and downregulation of PPARGCIA, IGF2, PPARA, SLC27A3, SLC16A3, TSC1/2, KCNJ2, KCNJ16, etc., evidence the repression of cellular transcriptional activity and energetic homeostasis modifications in response to heat stress. This study presents detailed responses of acute-heat-stressed GCs at physical, transcriptional and pathway levels and presents interesting insights into future studies regarding GC adaptation and their interaction with oocytes and the reproductive system at the ovarian level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sammad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Hanpeng Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lirong Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (H.L.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
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16
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Kozyra P, Korga-Plewko A, Karczmarzyk Z, Hawrył A, Wysocki W, Człapski M, Iwan M, Ostrowska-Leśko M, Fornal E, Pitucha M. Potential Anticancer Agents against Melanoma Cells Based on an As-Synthesized Thiosemicarbazide Derivative. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020151. [PMID: 35204651 PMCID: PMC8961551 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, thiosemicarbazide derivatives were synthesized as potential anticancer agents. X-ray investigations for 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl) thiosemicarbazide, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-metylothiophenyl)thiosemicarbazide and 1-(2,4-di chlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiosemicarbazide were carried out in order to confirm the synthesis pathways, identify their tautomeric forms, analyze the conformational preferences of molecules, and identify intra- and intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state. TLC and RP-HPLC analyses were used to determine lipophilicity. The lipophilicity analysis revealed that the 4-substituted halogen derivatives of thiosemicarbazides showed greater lipophilicity compared with 2-substituted derivatives. The optimal range of lipophilicity for biologically active compounds logkw is between 4.14 and 4.78. However, as the analysis showed, it is not a decisive parameter. The cytotoxicity of the new compounds was evaluated against both the G-361 and BJ cell lines. Cytotoxicity analyses and cell-cycle and cell apoptosis assays were performed. The MTT test demonstrated that three compounds were cytotoxic to melanoma cells and not toxic to normal fibroblasts in the concentration range used. The cell cycle analysis showed that the compounds had no significant effect on the cell cycle inhibition. An extensive gene expression analysis additionally revealed that all compounds tested downregulated the expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. Due to the rapid rate of cancer cell proliferation and the increased demand for nucleotide synthesis, it has become a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Człapski
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (M.I.); (M.O.-L.)
| | - Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (M.I.); (M.O.-L.)
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-72-40
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Huang C, Radi RH, Arbiser JL. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Melanoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113197. [PMID: 34831420 PMCID: PMC8618235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and its associated alterations in cellular pathways have been growing areas of interest in research, especially as specific biological pathways are being elucidated. Some of these alterations include changes in the mitochondrial metabolism in melanoma. Many mitochondrial metabolic changes lead to differences in the survivability of cancer cells and confer resistance to targeted therapies. While extensive work has gone into characterizing mechanisms of resistance, the role of mitochondrial adaptation as a mode of resistance is not completely understood. In this review, we wish to explore mitochondrial metabolism in melanoma and how it impacts modes of resistance. There are several genes that play a major role in melanoma mitochondrial metabolism which require a full understanding to optimally target melanoma. These include BRAF, CRAF, SOX2, MCL1, TRAP1, RHOA, SRF, SIRT3, PTEN, and AKT1. We will be discussing the role of these genes in melanoma in greater detail. An enhanced understanding of mitochondrial metabolism and these modes of resistance may result in novel combinatorial and sequential therapies that may lead to greater therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Huang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.R.)
| | - Rakan H. Radi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.R.)
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.R.)
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(404)-727-5063; Fax: +1-(404)-727-0923
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ROS as Regulators of Cellular Processes in Melanoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1208690. [PMID: 34725562 PMCID: PMC8557056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1208690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the multiple roles of ROS in the pathogenesis of melanoma, focusing on signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. In recent years, different studies have analyzed the dual role of ROS in regulating the redox system, with both negative and positive consequences on human health, depending on cell concentration of these agents. High ROS levels can result from an altered balance between oxidant generation and intracellular antioxidant activity and can produce harmful effects. In contrast, low amounts of ROS are considered beneficial, since they trigger signaling pathways involved in physiological activities and programmed cell death, with protective effects against melanoma. Here, we examine these beneficial roles, which could have interesting implications in melanoma treatment.
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Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Finasteride against Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091410. [PMID: 34575486 PMCID: PMC8469955 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an actively growing and aggressive brain tumor with a high propensity of recurrence. Although the surgical removal of tumor mass is the primary therapeutic option against glioblastoma, supportive pharmacotherapy is highly essential due to incredibly infiltrative characteristic of glioblastoma. Temozolomide, an FDA-approved alkylating agent, has been used as a first-line standard pharmacological approach, but several evident limitations were repeatedly reported. Despite additional therapeutic options suggested, there are no medications that successfully prevent a recurrence of glioblastoma and increase the five-year survival rate. In this study, we tested the possibility that finasteride has the potential to be developed as an anti-glioblastoma drug. Finasteride, an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia, is already known to pass through the blood-brain barrier and possess antiproliferative activity of prostate epithelial cells. We showed that finasteride inhibited the maintenance of glioma stem-like cells and repressed the proliferation of glioblastoma. Mechanistically, finasteride lowered intracellular ROS level by upregulating antioxidant genes, which contributed to inefficient β-catenin accumulation. Downregulated β-catenin resulted in the reduction in stemness and cell growth in glioblastoma.
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20
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Wei Z, Koya J, Reznik SE. Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Alzheimer Disease via Multiple Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:687157. [PMID: 34349617 PMCID: PMC8326507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.687157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for 60–70% of dementia and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The pathogenesis of this debilitating disorder is still not completely understood. New insights into the pathogenesis of AD are needed in order to develop novel pharmacologic approaches. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance plays a significant role in the development of AD. Over 80% of patients with AD have type II diabetes (T2DM) or abnormal serum glucose, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanisms of insulin resistance and AD likely overlap. Insulin resistance increases neuroinflammation, which promotes both amyloid β-protein deposition and aberrant tau phosphorylation. By increasing production of reactive oxygen species, insulin resistance triggers amyloid β-protein accumulation. Oxidative stress associated with insulin resistance also dysregulates glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK-3β), which leads to increased tau phosphorylation. Both insulin and amyloid β-protein are metabolized by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). Defects in this enzyme are the basis for a strong association between T2DM and AD. This review highlights multiple pathogenic mechanisms induced by insulin resistance that are implicated in AD. Several pharmacologic approaches to AD associated with insulin resistance are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jagadish Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sandra E Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Lei L, Yang S, Lu X, Zhang Y, Li T. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Mitochondrial Autophagy in Cerebral Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:698601. [PMID: 34335233 PMCID: PMC8319822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.698601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy is an early defense and protection process that selectively clears dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria through a distinctive mechanism to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral stroke involves metabolic disbalance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and abnormal mitochondrial autophagy. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy in ischemic stroke to provide a theoretical basis for further research on mitochondrial autophagy and the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Shuaifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
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22
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Karvelsson ST, Sigurdsson A, Seip K, Grinde MT, Wang Q, Johannsson F, Mælandsmo GM, Moestue SA, Rolfsson O, Halldorsson S. EMT-Derived Alterations in Glutamine Metabolism Sensitize Mesenchymal Breast Cells to mTOR Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1546-1558. [PMID: 34088869 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental developmental process with strong implications in cancer progression. Understanding the metabolic alterations associated with EMT may open new avenues of treatment and prevention. Here we used 13C carbon analogs of glucose and glutamine to examine differences in their utilization within central carbon and lipid metabolism following EMT in breast epithelial cell lines. We found that there are inherent differences in metabolic profiles before and after EMT. We observed EMT-dependent re-routing of the TCA-cycle, characterized by increased mitochondrial IDH2-mediated reductive carboxylation of glutamine to lipid biosynthesis with a concomitant lowering of glycolytic rates and glutamine-dependent glutathione (GSH) generation. Using weighted correlation network analysis, we identified cancer drugs whose efficacy against the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line panel is significantly associated with GSH abundance and confirmed these in vitro. We report that EMT-linked alterations in GSH synthesis modulate the sensitivity of breast epithelial cells to mTOR inhibitors. IMPLICATIONS: EMT in breast cells causes an increased demand for glutamine for fatty acid biosynthesis, altering its contribution to glutathione biosynthesis, which sensitizes the cells to mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnar Sigurdsson
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kotryna Seip
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Qiong Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Nord University, Namsos, Norway
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Institute for Surgical Research, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Zhan X, Li J, Zhou T. Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response Signaling Pathways as New Therapeutic Strategy for Pituitary Adenomas. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:565748. [PMID: 33841137 PMCID: PMC8024532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.565748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are the common pathophysiological characteristics in pituitary adenomas (PAs), which have been confirmed with many omics studies in PA tissues and cell/animal experimental studies. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the core of oxidative stress response, is an oxidative stress sensor. Nrf2 is synthesized and regulated by multiple factors, including Keap1, ERK1/2, ERK5, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, PKC, PI3K/AKT, and ER stress, in the cytoplasm. Under the oxidative stress status, Nrf2 quickly translocates from cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to antioxidant response element /electrophile responsive element to initiate the expressions of antioxidant genes, phases I and II metabolizing enzymes, phase III detoxifying genes, chaperone/stress response genes, and ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation proteins. Many Nrf2 or Keap1 inhibitors have been reported as potential anticancer agents for different cancers. However, Nrf2 inhibitors have not been studied as potential anticancer agents for PAs. We recommend the emphasis on in-depth studies of Nrf2 signaling and potential therapeutic agents targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways as new therapeutic strategies for PAs. Also, the use of Nrf2 inhibitors targeting Nrf2 signaling in combination with ERK inhibitors plus p38 activators or JNK activators targeting MAPK signaling pathways, or drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction pathway might produce better anti-tumor effects on PAs. This perspective article reviews the advances in oxidative stress and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response signaling pathways in pituitary tumorigenesis, and the potential of targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways as a new therapeutic strategy for PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Triphenylphosphonium derivatives disrupt metabolism and inhibit melanoma growth in vivo when delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244540. [PMID: 33378390 PMCID: PMC7773266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes arising from the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma is a highly resistant form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of <35%. Drug resistance is frequently reported to be associated with changes in oxidative metabolism that lead to malignancy that is non-responsive to current treatments. The current report demonstrates that triphenylphosphonium(TPP)-based lipophilic cations can be utilized to induce cytotoxicity in pre-clinical models of malignant melanoma by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TPP-derivatives modified with aliphatic side chains accumulated in melanoma cell mitochondria; disrupted mitochondrial metabolism; led to increases in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species; decreased total glutathione; increased the fraction of glutathione disulfide; and caused cell killing by a thiol-dependent process that could be rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, TPP-derivative-induced melanoma toxicity was enhanced by glutathione depletion (using buthionine sulfoximine) as well as inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (using auranofin). In addition, there was a structure-activity relationship between the aliphatic side-chain length of TPP-derivatives (5–16 carbons), where longer carbon chains increased melanoma cell metabolic disruption and cell killing. In vivo bio-distribution experiments showed that intratumoral administration of a C14-TPP-derivative (12-carbon aliphatic chain), using a slow-release thermosensitive hydrogel as a delivery vehicle, localized the drug at the melanoma tumor site. There, it was observed to persist and decrease the growth rate of melanoma tumors. These results demonstrate that TPP-derivatives selectively induce thiol-dependent metabolic oxidative stress and cell killing in malignant melanoma and support the hypothesis that a hydrogel-based TPP-derivative delivery system could represent a therapeutic drug-delivery strategy for melanoma.
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25
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Gunter NV, Teh SS, Lim YM, Mah SH. Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:594202. [PMID: 33424605 PMCID: PMC7793909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and skin cancers generally involve the generation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Exposure of the skin to external aggressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and xenobiotics induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which subsequently activates immune responses and causes immunological aberrations. Hence, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents were considered to be potential compounds to treat skin inflammatory diseases. A prime example of such compounds is xanthone (xanthene-9-one), a class of natural compounds that possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and chemotherapeutic effects. Many studies reported various mechanisms of action by xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. These mechanisms of action commonly involve the modulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Other mechanisms of action include the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, besides immune cell recruitment via modulation of chemokines, activation, and infiltration. Moreover, disease-specific activity contributed by xanthones, such as antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis for acne treatment, and numerous cytotoxic mechanisms involving pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects for skin cancer treatment have been extensively elucidated. Furthermore, xanthones have been reported to modulate pathways responsible for mediating oxidative stress and inflammation such as PPAR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and prostaglandin cascades. These pathways were also implicated in skin inflammatory diseases. Xanthones including the prenylated α-mangostin (2) and γ-mangostin (3), glucosylated mangiferin (4) and the caged xanthone gambogic acid (8) are potential lead compounds to be further developed into pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. Future studies on the structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, and applications of xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases are thus highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Engineering and Processing Division, Energy and Environment Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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26
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Oxidative Stress-Inducing Anticancer Therapies: Taking a Closer Look at Their Immunomodulating Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121188. [PMID: 33260826 PMCID: PMC7759788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to normal cells as a result of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. However, cancer cells maintain their redox balance due to their high antioxidant capacity. Recently, a high level of oxidative stress is considered a novel target for anticancer therapy. This can be induced by increasing exogenous ROS and/or inhibiting the endogenous protective antioxidant system. Additionally, the immune system has been shown to be a significant ally in the fight against cancer. Since ROS levels are important to modulate the antitumor immune response, it is essential to consider the effects of oxidative stress-inducing treatments on this response. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanistic cellular responses of cancer cells towards exogenous and endogenous ROS-inducing treatments, as well as the indirect and direct antitumoral immune effects, which can be both immunostimulatory and/or immunosuppressive. For future perspectives, there is a clear need for comprehensive investigations of different oxidative stress-inducing treatment strategies and their specific immunomodulating effects, since the effects cannot be generalized over different treatment modalities. It is essential to elucidate all these underlying immune effects to make oxidative stress-inducing treatments effective anticancer therapy.
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27
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UVA Radiation Enhances Lomefloxacin-Mediated Cytotoxic, Growth-Inhibitory and Pro-Apoptotic Effect in Human Melanoma Cells through Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238937. [PMID: 33255659 PMCID: PMC7728064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most dangerous type of cutaneous neoplasia, contributes to about 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. Thus, searching for new melanoma treatment options is an important field of study. The current study was designed to assess whether the condition of mild and low-dose UVA radiation augments the lomefloxacin-mediated cytotoxic, growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effect of the drug in melanoma cancer cells through excessive oxidative stress generation. C32 amelanotic and COLO829 melanotic (BRAF-mutant) melanoma cell lines were used as an experimental model system. The combined exposure of cells to both lomefloxacin and UVA irradiation caused higher alterations of redox signalling pathways, as shown by intracellular reactive oxygen species overproduction and endogenous glutathione depletion when compared to non-irradiated but lomefloxacin-treated melanoma cells. The obtained results also showed that lomefloxacin decreased both C32 and COLO829 cells’ viability in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect significantly intensified when melanoma cells were exposed to UVA irradiation and the drug. For melanoma cells exposed to lomefloxacin or lomefloxacin co-treatment with UVA irradiation, the concentrations of the drug that decreased the cells’ viability by 50% (EC50) were found to be 0.97, 0.17, 1.01, 0.18 mM, respectively. Moreover, we found that the redox imbalance, mitochondrial membrane potential breakdown, induction of DNA fragmentation, and changes in the melanoma cells’ cell cycle distribution (including G2/M, S as well as Sub-G1-phase blockade) were lomefloxacin in a dose-dependent manner and were significantly augmented by UVA radiation. This is the first experimental work that assesses the impact of excessive reactive oxygen species generation upon UVA radiation exposure on lomefloxacin-mediated cytotoxic, growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects towards human melanoma cells, indicating the possibility of the usage of this drug in the photochemotherapy of malignant melanoma as an innovative medical treatment option which could improve the effectiveness of therapy. The obtained results also revealed that the redox imbalance intensification mediated by the phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones may be considered as a more efficient treatment model of malignant melanoma and may constitute the basis for the development of new compounds with a high ability to excessive oxidative stress generation upon UVA radiation in cancer cells.
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28
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Yin D, Wei G, Yang F, Sun X. Circular RNA has circ 0001591 promoted cell proliferation and metastasis of human melanoma via ROCK1/PI3K/AKT by targeting miR-431-5p. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:310-324. [PMID: 32830578 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120950014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma a common skin tumor induced by excessive hyperplasia of abnormal melanocyte. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in various diseases and presented as the prognostic markers of melanoma. The present study was designed to confirm the effect of circ 0001591 on human melanoma cell growth and to elucidate its mechanism. Patient with melanoma was obtained from Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital. Cell viability of A2058 cell was detected by MTT assay. The expression of circ 0001591 in serum of patients with melanoma was increased. Up-regulation of circ 0001591 promoted cell growth and cell invasion, and reduced apoptotic rate of melanoma. Down-regulation of circ 0001591 reduced cell growth and cell invasion, and promoted apoptotic rate of melanoma.Up-regulation of circ 0001591 induced PI3 K and p-Akt protein expressions in melanoma through induction of ROCK1 by suppression of miR-431-5p. Over-expression of circ 0001591 suppressed PI3 K and p-Akt protein expressions via suppression of ROCK1 in melanoma by induction of miR-431-5p. MiR-431-5p reduced the effects of circ 0001591 down-regulation on cell growth of melanoma through PI3K/AKT signal pathway. ROCK1 reduced the effects of circ 0001591 on cell growth of melanoma through PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Our findings demonstrated that circ 0001591 inhibits the progression of human melanoma through ROCK1/PI3K/AKT signal pathway by targeting ROCK1 by miR-431-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Dermatology, 531675The Second Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
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29
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The role of MITF and Mcl-1 proteins in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of ciprofloxacin in amelanotic melanoma cells: In silico and in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Kiptiyah K, Widodo W, Ciptadi G, Aulanni'Am A, Widodo MA, Sumitro SB. 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress through HTR1A in cumulus cells: in-vitro and in-silico studies. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0042/jcim-2019-0042.xml. [PMID: 32284444 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated whether 10-gingerol is able to induce oxidative stress in cumulus cells. Methods For the in-vitro research, we used a cumulus cell culture in M199, containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (0, 12, 16, and 20 µM), and detected oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, with incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The obtained results were confirmed by in-silico studies. Results The in-vitro data revealed that SOD activity and MDA concentration increased with increasing incubation periods: SOD activity at 0 µM (1.39 ± 0.24i), 12 µM (16.42 ± 0.35ab), 16 µM (17.28 ± 0.55ab), 20 µM (17.81 ± 0.12a), with a contribution of 71.1%. MDA concentration at 0 µM (17.82 ± 1.39 l), 12 µM (72.99 ± 0.31c), 16 µM (79.77 ± 4.19b), 20 µM (85.07 ± 2.57a), with a contribution of 73.1%. Based on this, the in-silico data uncovered that 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1. Conclusions 10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells through enhancing SOD activity and MDA concentration by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiptiyah Kiptiyah
- Department of Biology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia
| | - Widodo Widodo
- Department of Biology, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Ciptadi
- Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohammad A Widodo
- Biomedical Study Programme, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Brawijaya University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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31
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Wu G, Bai Z, Wan Y, Shi H, Huang X, Nie S. Antidiabetic effects of polysaccharide from azuki bean (Vigna angularis) in type 2 diabetic rats via insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Wang H, Cheng X, Zhang L, Xu S, Zhang Q, Lu R. A surface-layer protein from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM induces autophagic death in HCT116 cells requiring ROS-mediated modulation of mTOR and JNK signaling pathways. Food Funct 2020; 10:4102-4112. [PMID: 31233063 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A surface-layer protein (Slp) derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM has been reported to possess multiple biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, inhibition of apoptosis in pathogen-invaded HT-29 cells and oxidative stress relief. However, its anti-tumor ability and underlying molecular mechanism are unknown. Here, we report that Slp suppresses cell proliferation and induces autophagic cell death in HCT116 cells. Accumulation of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 from II (LC3-II), and the degradation of p62 were observed when cells were treated with various concentrations of Slp (25, 50, 100 μg mL-1) for 24 h. We also found that the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways were crucial mediators regulating Slp-induced autophagic cell death. Additionally, treatment with Slp resulted in the obvious formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, attenuated Slp-induced autophagic cell death in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, NAC was found to prevent Slp-induced p70 and JNK phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism of action of Slp induced autophagy, acting simultaneously through the ROS-mediated mTOR and JNK signaling pathways in HCT116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xian Cheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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33
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Shaher F, Wang S, Qiu H, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, AL-Ward H, Abdulghani MAM, Baldi S, Zhou S. Effect and Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Spores on Alleviation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Pilot in vivo Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4809-4822. [PMID: 33335409 PMCID: PMC7736836 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s281527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) exhibit disease prevention properties, but no study has been carried out on the anti-diabetic cardiomyopathy property of GLS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyopathy protection and mechanisms of GLS in streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetic rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Two groups were given STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment and when their fasting plasma glucose was above 16.7 mmol/L, among them, one group was given placebo, as diabetic group, and another group was given GLS (300 mg/kg) treatment. The group without STZ treatment was given placebo as a control group. The experiment lasted 70 days. The histology of myocardium and biomarkers of antioxidants, myocardial injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins and phosphorylation of key proteins in PI3K/AKT pathway were assessed. RESULTS Biochemical analysis showed that GLS treatment significantly reduced the blood glucose (-20.3%) and triglyceride (-20.4%) levels compared to diabetic group without treatment. GLS treatment decreased the content of MDA (-25.6%) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (-18.9%) but increased the activity of GSH-Px (65.4%). Western blot analysis showed that GLS treatment reduced the expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin and brain natriuretic peptide. Histological analysis on the cardiac tissue micrographs showed that GLS treatment reduced collagen fibrosis and glycogen reactivity in myocardium. Both Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that GLS treatment decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (cytokines IL-1β, and TNF-α) as well as apoptosis regulatory proteins (Bax, caspase-3 and -9), but increased Bcl-2. Moreover, GLS treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in PI3K/AKT pathway, eg, p-AKT p-PI3K and mTOR. CONCLUSION The results indicated that GLS treatment alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and further attenuating the fibrosis and myocardial dysfunction induced by STZ through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongbin Qiu Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hisham AL-Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mahfoudh A M Abdulghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology (iBEST), University of Bedfordshire, LutonLU1 3JU, UK
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Liang Q, Ou M, Li Z, Ren Y, Wei W, Qiao X, Hu R, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang W. Functional analysis target of rapamycin (TOR) on the Penaeus vannamei in response to acute low temperature stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:53-61. [PMID: 31801694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical of Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays an important role in many aspects such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, cell cycle regulation, autophagy and apoptosis. However, little information is known about the enzyme in crustaceans. Here, a novel TOR was identified from shrimp Penaeus vannamei (PvTOR) and its biological functions were investigated in response low temperature stress. The PvTOR gene encoded a polypeptide of 2464 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 279.4 kD and a predicted isoelectronic point (pI) of 7.30. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvTOR shared high similarity with other known species. PvTOR mRNA was detected in all the tested tissues and highest transcription in muscle and hepatopancreas. PvTOR transcriptional level was up-regulated significantly at 1.5 h and 3 h, and down-regulated at 12 h and 24 h after low temperature stress. TEM and autophagy indicator system GFP-PvLC3 suggested that low temperature induced autophagy generation. ROS, Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis rate were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown shrimp after low temperature stress. The autophagy associated gene ATG8II/I, PvBeclin-1, PvATG14, apoptosis gene PvPARP, Pvcasp-3, PvBAX and Pvp53 transcripts, and casp-3/8 activity in hemocyte were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown group shrimp at 3 h after low temperature stress. Additionally, THC counts of TOR-knockdown group were significantly higher than the dsGFP group. In summary, these results suggested that PvTOR plays an important role in the adaptation mechanisms of shrimp at low temperature by regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Mufei Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - ZhongHua Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - YingHao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueli Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - XuJian Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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The mTOR/GCLc/GSH Pathway Mediates the Dose-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of ROS Induced by TiO 2NPs in Neurogenic Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7621561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The effect of TiO2NP exposure on the nervous system and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The antioxidant effect of TiO2NPs at a low dose was newly found in our study, which was different from the effect at high dose. This study is aimed at exploring the mechanism underlying the antioxidant effects of TiO2NPs at low dose and the induction of ROS accumulation by TiO2NPs at high dose in neurogenic cell lines.Methods. We measured the changes in key molecules in the ROS regulation pathway by western blotting, flow cytometry, and commercial assay kits, and these key molecules were further evaluated to verify their interactions and roles using SH-SY5Y, U251, and SK-N-SH cell lines treated with TiO2NPs.Results. Our results showed that the weak antioxidant effect at low dose was caused by mTOR/GCLc-induced GSH overproduction and GSH-Px activity impairment. ROS accumulation at high dose was caused by a mTOR/GCLc-mediated decrease in GSH production, GSH-Px activity impairment, and dramatic ROS production. Furthermore, we found that the ROS species were mainly O2-⋅, and that SOD played a crucial role in reducing O2-⋅levels before the mTOR protein was activated.Conclusion. We revealed the mechanism underlying the bidirectional regulation of ROS induced by TiO2NPs at different doses in neurogenic cell lines. Our study emphasized the potential neurotoxic effects of NPs at low dose, which should arouse concern about their safety.
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Meng P, Bedolla RG, Yun H, Fitzpatrick JE, Kumar AP, Ghosh R. Contextual role of E2F1 in suppression of melanoma cell motility and invasiveness. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1701-1710. [PMID: 31124185 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The general transcription factor E2F1 reportedly functions in a protumorigenic manner in several cancer models. We show that the genetic context of cancer cells influence E2F1's role to impede the protumorigenic role. Thirty to fifty percent of melanoma patients carry mutant BRAF with about 90% of mutant BRAF melanomas being V600E mutation. Tissue microarrays from melanoma patients were used to establish an association between E2F1 and BRAFV600E . We show for the first time that low E2F1 levels in BRAFV600E melanomas are associated with lymph node metastasis. Genetic manipulation of E2F1 in BRAFV600E and BRAFwt cells were used to determine its role in malignant melanoma progression by examining effects on migration and invasion. E2F1-mediated negative regulation of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) increased migration and invasion in BRAFV600E cells by phosphorylating myosin light chain and increased stress fiber formation. We show that E2F1 inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in BRAFV600E cells and provide evidence for a negative feedback loop between E2F1 and ERK in these cells. This study shows for the first time that E2F1 has a cancer protective role in oncogenic BRAF-activated melanoma cells and that loss of E2F1 can allow disease progression through a novel mechanism of E2F1-mediated MYLK regulation. This study has implications for oncogenic BRAF-activated tumors and resistance to targeted oncogenic BRAF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Meng
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Roble G Bedolla
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huiyoung Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - James E Fitzpatrick
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, & Mays Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, & Mays Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Chamcheu JC, Roy T, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Chamcheu RCN, Walker AL, Liu YY, Huang S. Role and Therapeutic Targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Skin Cancer: A Review of Current Status and Future Trends on Natural and Synthetic Agents Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080803. [PMID: 31370278 PMCID: PMC6721560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and associated phosphatidyl-inositiol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways regulate cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival, as well as angiogenesis and metabolism. Dysregulation of these pathways is frequently associated with genetic/epigenetic alterations and predicts poor treatment outcomes in a variety of human cancers including cutaneous malignancies like melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Recently, the enhanced understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of skin dysfunction in patients with skin cancers has provided a strong basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these obdurate groups of skin cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in the roles of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and their targets in the development and progression of a broad spectrum of cutaneous cancers and discusses the current progress in preclinical and clinical studies for the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR targeted therapies with nutraceuticals and synthetic small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tithi Roy
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | | | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | | | - Anthony L Walker
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Song IS, Jeong YJ, Kim JE, Shin J, Jang SW. Frugoside Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death through Inhibition of Sulfiredoxin Expression in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060854. [PMID: 31248223 PMCID: PMC6627655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most life-threatening neoplasm of the skin. Despite the increase in incidence, melanoma is becoming more resistant to current therapeutic agents. The bioactive compound frugoside has been recently reported to inhibit growth when used in various cancer cells. However, this effect has not been demonstrated in melanoma. Here, we found that frugoside inhibited the rate of reduction of hyperoxidized peroxiredoxins (Prxs) by downregulating sulfiredoxin (Srx) expression. Furthermore, frugoside increased the accumulation of sulfinic Prxs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulated p-p38 activation, resulting in the mitochondria-mediated death of M14 and A375 human melanoma cells. The mitochondria-mediated cell death induced by frugoside was inhibited by the overexpression of Srx and antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine and diphenyleneiodonium. In addition, we observed that frugoside inhibited tumor growth without toxicity through a M14 xenograft animal model. Taken together, our findings reveal that frugoside exhibits a novel antitumor effect based on a ROS-mediated cell death in melanoma cells, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Jimin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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Lee YJ, Kim WI, Kim SY, Cho SW, Nam HS, Lee SH, Cho MK. Flavonoid morin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of melanoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species, Sp1 and Mcl-1. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:531-542. [PMID: 31049822 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with cancer progression in different cancers, including melanoma. It also affects specificity protein (Sp1), a transcription factor. Flavonoid morin is known to inhibit growth of cancer cells, including lung cancer and breast cancer. Herein, we hypothesized that morin can inhibit cancer activities in melanoma by altering ROS generation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of morin and its underlying mechanisms in melanoma cells. Effects of morin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using standardized assays. Changes in pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot analysis. Cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial function were evaluated by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence and rhodamine-123 fluorescence intensities, respectively. Morin induced ROS production and apoptosis, as presented by increased proportion of cells with Annexin V-PE(+) staining and sub-G0/G1 peak in cell cycle analysis. It also downregulated Sp1, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 but upregulated cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and PUMA. In immunohistochemical staining, Sp1 was overexpressed in melanoma tissues compared to normal skin tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that morin can induce apoptosis of melanoma cells by regulating pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins through ROS, and may be a potential substance for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Il Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Seon Nam
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea.
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Role of hydrogen sulfide in cognitive deficits: Evidences and mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 849:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Beberok A, Rzepka Z, Respondek M, Rok J, Stradowski M, Wrześniok D. Moxifloxacin as an inducer of apoptosis in melanoma cells: A study at the cellular and molecular level. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 55:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Grahovac J, Srdić-Rajić T, Francisco Santibañez J, Pavlović M, Čavić M, Radulović S. Telmisartan induces melanoma cell apoptosis and synergizes with vemurafenib in vitro by altering cell bioenergetics. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:247-263. [PMID: 31516746 PMCID: PMC6713633 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite recent advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapies, prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients remains extremely poor. Development of resistance to previously effective treatments presents a serious challenge and new approaches for melanoma treatment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of telmisartan, an AGTR1 inhibitor and a partial agonist of PPARγ, on melanoma cells as a potential agent for repurposing in melanoma treatment. Methods Expression of AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA in melanoma patient tumor samples was examined in publicly available datasets and confirmed in melanoma cell lines by qRT-PCR. A panel of melanoma cell lines was tested in viability, apoptosis and metabolic assays in presence of telmisartan by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. A cytotoxic effect of combinations of telmisartan and targeted therapy vemurafenib was examined using the Chou-Talalay combination index method. Results Both AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA were expressed in melanoma patient tumor samples and decreased compared to the expression in the healthy skin. In vitro, we found that telmisartan decreased melanoma cell viability by inducing cell apoptosis. Increased glucose uptake, but not utilization, in the presence of telmisartan caused the fission of mitochondria and release of reactive oxygen species. Telmisartan altered the cell bioenergetics, thereby synergizing with vemurafenib in vitro, and even sensitized vemurafenib-resistant cells to the treatment. Conclusions Given that the effective doses of telmisartan examined in our study can be administered to patients and that telmisartan is a widely used and safe antihypertensive drug, our findings provide the scientific rationale for testing its efficacy in treatment of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Grahovac
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Juan Francisco Santibañez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Marijana Pavlović
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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LncRNA GAS5 regulates redox balance and dysregulates the cell cycle and apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:637-652. [PMID: 30569211 PMCID: PMC6394673 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical outcomes for advanced malignant melanoma (MM) are often poor due to tumor invasiveness, metastasis, recurrence, and multidrug resistance. METHODS We investigated whether apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, oxidative status, and redox balance were altered by changes in the expression of the long noncoding RNA, growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), in MM cells. RESULTS Analysis of clinical samples from MM patients showed that the rate of reduced GAS5 expression, relative to that in adjacent noncancerous tissues, was significantly lower for tumors from patients with advanced disease (76.6%, P < 0.001), as evidenced by larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and higher incidences of ulceration and metastasis (P < 0.001 for all). Cell culture experiments showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of GAS5 increased the viability of A375-GAS5si cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting showed that GAS5 knockdown increased MM cell proliferation by inducing G1/S cell cycle progression through increases in Cyclin D1, CDK4, and p27 expression (P < 0.05 for all) and by inhibiting apoptosis through an increase in Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.001). Knockdown of GAS5 also increased levels of superoxide anion (P < 0.01), NADP+(P < 0.001), and oxidized glutathiones (P < 0.01) through increases in NOX4 expression (P < 0.001), G6PD expression (P < 0.01), and NOX activity (P < 0.05), and RNA co-immunoprecipitation showed that GAS5 induced these changes through a physical interaction between GAS5 and the G6PD protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show GAS5 contributes to regulation of the apoptosis, cell cycle, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, and redox balance in MM cells, and suggest that reduced GAS5 expression contributes to disease progression in MM patients.
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Liang L, Zhang Z, Qin X, Gao Y, Zhao P, Liu J, Zeng W. Gambogic Acid Inhibits Melanoma through Regulation of miR-199a-3p/ZEB1 Signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:692-703. [PMID: 29959879 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of cancer which is highly resistant to chemotherapy. We have previously found that gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone, exhibits an antitumour role in melanoma. The study was designed to investigate novel mechanisms of the antitumour effect of GA in melanoma cells and implanted nude mice. Gambogic acid significantly decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis and reduced migration and invasion in A375 cells. In addition, cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in both A375 and A375/CDDP cells was increased by GA. The expression of miR-199a-3p was increased by GA in A375 cells and implanted tumours, and inhibition of miR-199a-3p significantly prevented GA-induced effect on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and cisplatin sensitivity in A375 cells. miR-199a-3p mimics reduced tumour weight and volume in vivo and decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis and reduced migration and invasion in vitro. miR-199a-3p expression was decreased in melanoma tissues and cells, as compared with their controls. miR-199a-3p possessed a potential binding site in the 3'-UTR of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB1). ZEB1 expression was increased in melanoma tissues and cells, as compared with their controls. ZEB1 and miR-199a-3p expression was negatively correlated in melanoma tissues. The expression of ZEB1 was decreased by GA in A375 cells and implanted tumours, and up-regulation of ZEB1 significantly prevented GA-induced effect on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and cisplatin sensitivity. Down-regulation of ZEB1 reduced tumour weight and volume in vivo and decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis and reduced migration and invasion in vitro. We identified the important roles of miR-199a-3p and ZEB1 in melanoma and elucidated the tumour suppressor function of miR-199a-3p through inhibition of ZEB1. The results highlight the importance of miR-199a-3p-ZEB1 signalling in antitumour effect of GA in malignant melanoma and provide novel targets for the chemotherapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ma L, Li XP, Ji HS, Liu YF, Li EZ. Baicalein Protects Rats with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Injury via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/AKT Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5368-5375. [PMID: 30070262 PMCID: PMC6085984 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the effect of baicalein on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats and the mechanisms involved, and to determine the theoretical basis for clinical anti-tumor therapy. Material/Methods DCM rat model was induced with a single injection of streptozotocin. Then, DCM rats were treated with baicalein alone or co-treated with baicalein and PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Myocardial pathological changes were detected by HE and Masson staining. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in myocardial tissue were measured by biochemical tests. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and cTn-I were examined by ELISA. NADP+/NADPH ratio was measured with the NADP+/NADPH assay kit. RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of PI3K and Akt. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, GSK-3β, PI3K, and Akt were detected by Western blot. Results Baicalein could improve pathological injury. SOD and GSH-Px activity decreased while the level of MDA increased in myocardial tissue. Baicalein treatment enhanced SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner but markedly reduced MDA. Similar changes were observed in both serum inflammatory factors and the NADP+/NADPH ratio. After adding PI3K-Akt inhibitor, the levels of PI3K and Akt mRNA expression were significantly decreased, but were not significantly different from the DCM group. Levels of Bcl-2, PI3K, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and p-Akt were decreased in the DCM group, while the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were obviously increased. Conclusions Baicalein can protect DCM rats against damage from oxidative stress and inflammation in myocardial tissue, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved to mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Heng Sheng Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Fen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - En Ze Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Sánchez-Laorden B, García-Borrón JC. Functional interplay between secreted ligands and receptors in melanoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 78:73-84. [PMID: 28676423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, results from the malignant transformation of melanocytes located in the basement membrane separating the epidermal and dermal skin compartments. Cutaneous melanoma is often initiated by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mutations. Melanocytes intimately interact with keratinocytes, which provide growth factors and melanocortin peptides acting as paracrine regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Keratinocyte-derived melanocortins activate melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) to protect melanocytes from the carcinogenic effect of UVR. Accordingly, MC1R is a major determinant of susceptibility to melanoma. Despite extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and high mutation loads, the molecular basis of melanomagenesis and the molecules mediating the crosstalk between melanoma and stromal cells are relatively well understood. Mutations of intracellular effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling, notably NRAS and BRAF, are major driver events more frequent than mutations in RTKs. Nevertheless, melanomas often display aberrant signalling from RTKs such as KIT, ERRB1-4, FGFR, MET and PDGFR, which contribute to disease progression and resistance to targeted therapies. Progress has also been made to unravel the role of the tumour secretome in preparing the metastatic niche. However, key aspects of the melanoma-stroma interplay, such as the molecular determinants of dormancy, remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Berta Sánchez-Laorden
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - José C García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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Wang J, Li L, Liu S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Du G. FOXC1 promotes melanoma by activating MST1R/PI3K/AKT. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84375-84387. [PMID: 27533251 PMCID: PMC5356666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 is a member of Forkhead box family transcription factors. We showed that FOXC1 level was increased in melanoma cells and tissues and correlated with hypomethylation of the FOXC1 gene. Overexpression of FOXC1 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D Matrigel of melanoma cells. FOXC1 increased MST1R and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Also, FOXC1 expression was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis of melanoma. We suggest that FOXC1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for treating melanoma and predicting outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI) at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica 90404, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi DAYI Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Combined Effects of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Chemotherapeutic Agents on Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li W, Su ZY, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wu R, Gao L, Zheng X, Du ZY, Zhang K, Kong AN. Curcumin Derivative Epigenetically Reactivates Nrf2 Antioxidative Stress Signaling in Mouse Prostate Cancer TRAMP C1 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:88-96. [PMID: 29228771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) in TRAMP model is highly correlated with hypermethylation in the promoter region of Nrf2 and the accompanying reduced transcription of Nrf2 and its regulated detoxifying genes. We aimed to investigate the effects of (3E,5E)-3,5-bis-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-tetrahydro-thiopyran-4-one (F10) and (3E,5E)-3,5-bis-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene)-tetrahydropyran-4-one (E10), two synthetic curcumin derivatives, on restoring Nrf2 activity in TRAMP C1 cells. HepG2-C8 cells transfected with an antioxidant-response element (ARE)-luciferase vector were treated with F10, E10, curcumin, and sulforaphane (SFN) to compare their effects on Nrf2-ARE pathways. We performed real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting to investigate the effects of F10 and E10 on Nrf2, correlated phase II detoxification genes. We also measured expression and activity of DNMTand HDAC enzymes. Enrichment of H3K27me3 on the promoter region of Nrf2 was explored with a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Methylation of the CpG region in Nrf2 promoter was doubly examined by bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) and methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP). Compared with curcumin and SFN, F10 is more potent in activating Nrf2-ARE pathways. Both F10 and E10 enhanced level of Nrf2 and the correlated phase II detoxifying genes. BGS and MeDIP assays indicated that F10 but not E10 hypomethylated the Nrf2 promoter. F10 also downregulated the protein level of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HDAC1, HDAC4, and HDAC7 and the activity of DNMTs and HDACs. F10 but not E10 effectively reduced the accumulation of H3k27me3 on the promoter of Nrf2. F10 and E10 can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway and increase the level of Nrf2 and correlated phase II detoxification genes. The reactivation effect on Nrf2 by F10 in TRAMP C1 may come from demethylation, decrease of HDACs, and inhibition of H3k27me3 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 32023, R.O.C
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