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Kirthiga Devi SS, Singh S, Joga R, Patil SY, Meghana Devi V, Chetan Dushantrao S, Dwivedi F, Kumar G, Kumar Jindal D, Singh C, Dhamija I, Grover P, Kumar S. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy: Exploring strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and analyzing the associated patent, regulatory, and clinical trial landscape. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 200:114323. [PMID: 38754524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment modalities and their progression is guided by the specifics of cancer, including its type and site of localization. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the most often used conventional treatments. Conversely, emerging treatment techniques include immunotherapy, hormone therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and stem cell therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' anticancer properties have drawn considerable attention in recent studies in the cancer research domain. Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint pathway are key regulators of the interactions between activated T-cells and cancer cells, protecting the latter from immune destruction. When the ligand PD-L1 attaches to the receptor PD-1, T-cells are prevented from destroying cells that contain PD-L1, including cancer cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors block them, boosting the immune response and strengthening the body's defenses against tumors. Recent years have seen incredible progress and tremendous advancement in developing anticancer therapies using PD-1/PD-L1 targeting antibodies. While immune-related adverse effects and low response rates significantly limit these therapies, there is a need for research on methods that raise their efficacy and lower their toxicity. This review discusses various recent innovative nanomedicine strategies such as PLGA nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and drug loaded liposomes to treat cancer targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The biological implications of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer treatment and the fundamentals of nanotechnology, focusing on the novel strategies used in nanomedicine, are widely discussed along with the corresponding guidelines, clinical trial status, and the patent landscape of such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kirthiga Devi
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sidhartha Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ramesh Joga
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sharvari Y Patil
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vakalapudi Meghana Devi
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sabnis Chetan Dushantrao
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Falguni Dwivedi
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Isha Dhamija
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad 201206, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303121, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303121, India.
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2
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Rahmat JN, Liu J, Chen T, Li Z, Zhang Y. Engineered biological nanoparticles as nanotherapeutics for tumor immunomodulation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5862-5903. [PMID: 38716589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, or bionanoparticles, are small molecules manufactured in living systems with complex production and assembly machinery. The products of the assembly systems can be further engineered to generate functionalities for specific purposes. These bionanoparticles have demonstrated advantages such as immune system evasion, minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, and biological clearance. Hence, bionanoparticles are considered the new paradigm in nanoscience research for fabricating safe and effective nanoformulations for therapeutic purposes. Harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate malignancies is a viable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes with long-term protection from disease recurrence. However, cancerous tissues have evolved to become invisible to immune recognition and to transform the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive dwelling, thwarting the immune defense systems and creating a hospitable atmosphere for cancer growth and progression. Thus, it is pertinent that efforts in fabricating nanoformulations for immunomodulation are mindful of the tumor-induced immune aberrations that could render cancer nanotherapy inoperable. This review systematically categorizes the immunosuppression mechanisms, the regulatory immunosuppressive cellular players, and critical suppressive molecules currently targeted as breakthrough therapies in the clinic. Finally, this review will summarize the engineering strategies for affording immune moderating functions to bionanoparticles that tip the tumor microenvironment (TME) balance toward cancer elimination, a field still in the nascent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwita N Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZhiHong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Medić-Milijić N, Jovanić I, Nedeljković M, Marković I, Spurnić I, Milovanović Z, Ademović N, Tomić T, Tanić N, Tanić N. Prognostic and Clinical Significance of PD-L1, EGFR and Androgen Receptor (AR) Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:682. [PMID: 38929666 PMCID: PMC11205209 DOI: 10.3390/life14060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and is associated with high recurrence rates, a high incidence of distant metastases and poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PD-L1, EGFR and AR expression in TNBC promotion and progression. To that end, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of these genes in 125 TNBC patients and their relation to clinicopathological parameters and survival. An elevated expression of PD-L1 was significantly correlated with higher tumor and nuclear grade, while a low expression was correlated with loco-regional recurrence without any influence on survival. Contrary to this, the expression of AR showed a positive impact on the DFI and a negative association with tumor grade. Furthermore, PD-L1 and AR demonstrated simultaneous expression, and further co-expression analysis revealed that a positive expression of PD-L1/AR notably correlates with tumor and nuclear grade and has a significant impact on a longer DFI and OS, while a negative PD-L1/AR expression is significantly associated with metastases. Therefore, our results suggest that positive PD-L1/AR expression is beneficial for TNBC patients. In addition, an elevated expression of EGFR contributes to metastases and a worse DFI and OS. In conclusion, we think that low PD-L1/low AR/high EGFR expression followed by high Ki67 expression constitutes a 'high risk' profile of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Medić-Milijić
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.-M.); (I.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Irena Jovanić
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.-M.); (I.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Milica Nedeljković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivan Marković
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Igor Spurnić
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Zorka Milovanović
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.-M.); (I.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nejla Ademović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana Tomić
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrocića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Nasta Tanić
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrocića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.T.); (N.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Field of Biology, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Nikola Tanić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Yousefi A, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Nafissi N, Zeinali S, Azizi M. MicroRNA-561-3p indirectly regulates the PD-L1 expression by targeting ZEB1, HIF1A, and MYC genes in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5845. [PMID: 38462658 PMCID: PMC10925600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women. In breast cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for both the initiation and development of tumors. It has been suggested that the tumor suppressor microRNA-561-3p (miR-561-3p) is crucial in arresting the growth of cancer cells. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role and molecular mechanism of miR-561 in human BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-561-3p on ZEB1, HIF1A, and MYC expression as oncogenes that have the most impact on PD-L1 overexpression and cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. The expression of ZEB1, HIF1A, and MYC genes and miR-561-3p were measured in BC clinical samples and cell lines via qRT-PCR. The luciferase assay, MTT, Annexin-PI staining, and cell cycle experiments were used to assess the effect of miR-561-3p on candidate gene expression, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of miR-561 on PD-L1 suppression in the BC cell line. The luciferase assay showed that miRNA-561-3p targets the 3'-UTRs of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC genes significantly. In BC tissues, the qRT-PCR results demonstrated that miR-561-3p expression was downregulated and the expression of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC genes was up-regulated. It was shown that overexpression of miR-561-3p decreased PD-L1 expression and BC cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of candidate oncogenes. Furthermore, inhibition of candidate genes by miR-561-3p reduced PD-L1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Our research investigated the impact of miR-561-3p on the expression of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC in breast cancer cells for the first time. Our findings may help clarify the role of miR-561-3p in PD-L1 regulation and point to this miR as a potential biomarker and novel therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Yousefi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Nafissi
- Breast Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Novel immunotherapies for breast cancer: Focus on 2023 findings. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111549. [PMID: 38266449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer therapy, and recent advancements hold significant promise for breast cancer (BCa) management. Employing the patient's immune system to combat BCa has become a focal point in immunotherapeutic investigations. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) have disclosed encouraging clinical outcomes. ICIs, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibit efficacy in specific BCa subtypes, including triple-negative BCa (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. ACT approaches, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed promising clinical outcomes in enhancing tumor recognition and elimination. Targeting the TME through immune agonists and oncolytic viruses signifies a burgeoning field of research. While challenges persist in patient selection, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapy optimization, these novel immunotherapies hold transformative potential for BCa treatment. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to refine and implement these innovative approaches, paving the way for improved outcomes and revolutionizing the management of BCa. This review provides a concise overview of the latest immunotherapies (2023 studies) in BCa, highlighting their potential and current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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6
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Kina Kilicaslan U, Aru B, Aydin Aksu S, Vardar Aker F, Yanikkaya Demirel G, Gurleyik MG. Relationship between immune checkpoint proteins and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Surg Oncol 2024; 52:102037. [PMID: 38290327 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following major developments in cancer immunotherapy, treatments targeting immune checkpoint proteins (ICP) gained interest in breast cancer, though studies mostly focus on patients with metastatic disease as well as patients nonresponsive to the conventional treatments. Herein, we aimed to investigate the levels of ICP in tumor stroma and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor tissue prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy administration to evaluate the relationship between ICP levels, clinicopathological parameters, and NAC response. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with 51 patients where PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD24 and CD44 levels were investigated in CD45+ cells while CD326, CD24, CD44 and PD-L1 protein expression levels were investigated in CD45- population. In addition, CD44 and CD24 levels were evaluated in the tumor stroma. TIL levels were investigated according to the TILS Working Group. Treatment responses after NAC were evaluated according to the MD Anderson RCB score. RESULTS Our results revealed positive correlation between CTLA-4 and CD44 expression in cases with high TIL levels as well as TIL levels and CTLA-4 expression in cases with partial response. Similarly, positive correlation was detected between TIM3 and PD-L1 levels in cases with good response. In addition, a negative correlation between TILs after NAC and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in lymphocytes in cases with partial complete response. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides preliminary data about the correlation between ICP and clinicopathological status and NAC response in breast cancer, in addition to underlining the requirement for further research to determine their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Kina Kilicaslan
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Aru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Aydin Aksu
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fugen Vardar Aker
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Meryem Gunay Gurleyik
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Das P, N M, Singh N, Datta P. Supramolecular Nanostructures for the Delivery of Peptides in Cancer Therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:67-80. [PMID: 37827700 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular nanostructured based delivery systems are emerging as a meaningful approach in the treatment of cancer, offering controlled drug release and improved therapeutic efficacy. The self-assembled structures can be small molecules, polymers, peptides, or proteins, which can be used and functionalized to achieve tailored release and target specific cells, tissues, or organs. These structures can improve the solubility and stability of drugs having low aqueous solubility by encapsulating and protecting them from degradation. Alongside, peptides as natural biomolecules have gained increasing attention as potential candidates in cancer treatment because of their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and high specificity toward tumor cells. The amino acid sequences in peptide molecules are tunable, efficiently controlling the morphology of peptide-based self-assembled nanosystems and offering flexibility to form supramolecular nanostructures (SNs). It is evident from the current literature that the supramolecular nanostructures based delivery of peptide for cancer treatment hold great promise for future cancer therapy, offering potential strategies for personalized medicine with improved patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on fundamentals and various drug delivery mechanisms based on SNs. Different SN approaches and recent literature reviews on peptide delivery are also presented to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Das
- Polymer-Based Medical Devices and Complex Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Manasa N
- Polymer-Based Medical Devices and Complex Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Polymer-Based Medical Devices and Complex Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Polymer-Based Medical Devices and Complex Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
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Capuozzo M, Celotto V, Santorsola M, Fabozzi A, Landi L, Ferrara F, Borzacchiello A, Granata V, Sabbatino F, Savarese G, Cascella M, Perri F, Ottaiano A. Emerging treatment approaches for triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 41:5. [PMID: 38038783 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately, 15% of global breast cancer cases are diagnosed as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), identified as the most aggressive subtype due to the simultaneous absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. This characteristic renders TNBC highly aggressive and challenging to treat, as it excludes the use of effective drugs such as hormone therapy and anti-HER2 agents. In this review, we explore standard therapies and recent emerging approaches for TNBC, including PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors, and cytotoxin-conjugated antibodies. The mechanism of action of these drugs and their utilization in clinical practice is explained in a pragmatic and prospective manner, contextualized within the current landscape of standard therapies for this pathology. These advancements present a promising frontier for tailored interventions with the potential to significantly improve outcomes for TNBC patients. Interestingly, while TNBC poses a complex challenge, it also serves as a paradigm and an opportunity for translational research and innovative therapies in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuozzo
- Pharmaceutical Department, ASL Napoli 3, Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - Venere Celotto
- Pharmaceutical Department, ASL Napoli 3, Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Loris Landi
- Sanitary District, Ds. 58 ASL Napoli 3, Pompei, 80045, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Pharmaceutical Department, ASL Napoli 3, Via Dell'amicizia 22, Nola, 80035, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, Casalnuovo Di, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Kumari L, Mishra L, Patel P, Sharma N, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD. Emerging targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. J Drug Target 2023; 31:889-907. [PMID: 37539789 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2245579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has clinical features including a high degree of invasiveness, an elevated risk of metastasis, tendency to relapse, and poor prognosis. It constitutes around 10-15% of all breast cancer, and having heredity of BRCA1 mutated breast cancer could be a reason for the occurrence of TNBC in women. Overexpression of cellular and molecular targets, i.e. CD44 receptor, EGFR receptor, Folate receptor, Transferrin receptor, VEGF receptor, and Androgen receptor, have emerged as promising targets for treating TNBC. Signalling pathways such as Notch signalling and PI3K/AKT/mTOR also play a significant role in carrying out and managing crucial pro-survival and pro-growth cellular processes that can be utilised for targeted therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. This review sheds light on various targeting strategies, including cellular and molecular targets, signalling pathways, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors PARP, immunotherapy, ADCs have all found a place in the current TNBC therapeutic paradigm. The role of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been explored briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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10
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Liu H, Capuani S, Badachhape AA, Di Trani N, Davila Gonzalez D, Vander Pol RS, Viswanath DI, Saunders S, Hernandez N, Ghaghada KB, Chen S, Nance E, Annapragada AV, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Intratumoral nanofluidic system enhanced tumor biodistribution of PD-L1 antibody in triple-negative breast cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10594. [PMID: 38023719 PMCID: PMC10658527 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, were recently approved for treatment-refractory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where those with Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive early-stage disease had improved responses. ICIs are administered systemically in the clinic, however, reaching effective therapeutic dosing is challenging due to severe off-tumor toxicities. As such, intratumoral (IT) injection is increasingly investigated as an alternative delivery approach. However, repeated administration, which sometimes is invasive, is required due to rapid drug clearance from the tumor caused by increased interstitial fluid pressure. To minimize off-target drug biodistribution, we developed the nanofluidic drug-eluting seed (NDES) platform for sustained intratumoral release of therapeutic via molecular diffusion. Here we compared drug biodistribution between the NDES, intraperitoneal (IP) and intratumoral (IT) injection using fluorescently labeled PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (αPD-L1). We used two syngeneic TNBC murine models, EMT6 and 4T1, that differ in PD-L1 expression, immunogenicity, and transport phenotype. We investigated on-target (tumor) and off-target distribution using different treatment approaches. As radiotherapy is increasingly used in combination with immunotherapy, we sought to investigate its effect on αPD-L1 tumor accumulation and systemic distribution. The NDES-treated cohort displayed sustained levels of αPD-L1 in the tumor over the study period of 14 days with significantly lower off-target organ distribution, compared to the IP or IT injection. However, we observed differences in the biodistribution of αPD-L1 across tumor models and with radiation pretreatment. Thus, we sought to extensively characterize the tumor properties via histological analysis, diffusion evaluation and nanoparticles contrast-enhanced CT. Overall, we demonstrate that ICI delivery via NDES is an effective method for sustained on-target tumor delivery across tumor models and combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan‐Chen Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)BeijingChina
| | | | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Robin S. Vander Pol
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Dixita I. Viswanath
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Texas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
- Texas A&M University College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Shani Saunders
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Department of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of RadiologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Shu‐Hsia Chen
- Center for Immunotherapy ResearchHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Neal Cancer CenterHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ananth V. Annapragada
- Department of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of RadiologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of SurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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11
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Moisand A, Madéry M, Boyer T, Domblides C, Blaye C, Larmonier N. Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15048. [PMID: 37894728 PMCID: PMC10606577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers regroup many heterogeneous diseases unevenly responding to currently available therapies. Approximately 70-80% of breast cancers express hormone (estrogen or progesterone) receptors. Patients with these hormone-dependent breast malignancies benefit from therapies targeting endocrine pathways. Nevertheless, metastatic disease remains a major challenge despite available treatments, and relapses frequently ensue. By improving patient survival and quality of life, cancer immunotherapies have sparked considerable enthusiasm and hope in the last decade but have led to only limited success in breast cancers. In addition, only patients with hormone-independent breast cancers seem to benefit from these immune-based approaches. The present review examines and discusses the current literature related to the role of hormone receptor signaling (specifically, an estrogen receptor) and the impact of its modulation on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the effector mechanisms of anti-tumor immune responses and on the capability of breast cancers to escape from protective anti-cancer immunity. Future research prospects related to the possibility of promoting the efficacy of immune-based interventions using hormone therapy agents are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moisand
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Madéry
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Boyer
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Domblides
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Blaye
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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12
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Han Y, Rovella V, Smirnov A, Buonomo OC, Mauriello A, Perretta T, Shi Y, Woodmsith J, Bischof J, Melino G, Candi E, Bernassola F. A BRCA2 germline mutation and high expression of immune checkpoints in a TNBC patient. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:370. [PMID: 37813891 PMCID: PMC10562433 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of mammary carcinoma. Here, we describe a case of an 81-year-old female diagnosed with ductal triple negative breast cancer with a germline pathogenic variant in BReast CAncer gene2 (BRCA2). Genetic testing also revealed the presence of four somatic mutations in the ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3), TP53, BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1), and MYB genes. The BRCA2, TP53, and BAP1 gene mutations are highly predictive of a defective homologous recombination repair system and subsequent chromosomal instability in this patient. Coherently, the patient displayed a strong homologous recombination deficiency signature and high tumor mutational burden status, which are generally associated with increased probability of immune neoantigens formation and presentation, and with tumor immunogenicity. Analysis of immune checkpoint revealed high expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), programmed death 1 (PD1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA 4), suggesting that the patient might likely benefit from immunotherapies. Altogether, these findings support an unveiled link between BRCA2 inactivation, HR deficiency and increased expression of immune checkpoints in TNBC. This clinical case highlights the importance of screening TNBC patients for genetic mutations and TMB biomarkers in order to predict the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Han
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214000, Wuxi, China
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Perretta
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | | | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Rustamadji P, Felicia D, Wuyung PE, Hellyanti T. The Role of Stromal Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (sTIL) Intensity and Programmed Death Ligand 1 () Expression in Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH), Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3459-3465. [PMID: 37898851 PMCID: PMC10770656 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.10.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological responses to neoadjuvant therapy were still relatively poor, especially in CMH. Studies had been done to search for predictors of response such as sTIL intensity and expression, which is known to block sTIL action in killing cancer cells. This research assessed sTIL intensity and expression as predictors of response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. The preliminary data might be used to better tailored breast cancer patient therapy, considering the availability of anti-PD-1/ PD- L1 immunotherapy nowadays. OBJECTIVE To assess TIL intensity, expressions, and their roles as pathological predictors of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). METHOD This was an observational analytic retrospective cohort study on breast cancer patients undergoing biopsy/review of biopsy specimens, receiving neoadjuvant therapy and mastectomy in CMH from January 2014 to December 2021. Sixty cases fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sampling was done. expression (immunohistochemistry, clone 22C3) and sTIL intensity (histopathology) was examined in the biopsy specimen. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the independent predictors of neoadjuvant therapy response (evaluated in the mastectomy specimen with residual cancer burden/ RCB score). RESULTS There were 60 female patients, median age 46 years old. 91,7% had invasive carcinoma of no special type. Median sTIL intensity was 10% (1%-70%). 58,3% patients had low sTIL intensity (≤10%). 28,3% patients had positive expression (CPS ≥1). Only 8,3% patients had pCR, while 90% patients had RCB class II-III. Every 1% increase in sTIL intensity, no lymphovascular invasion, and taxane chemotherapy were predicted to lower RCB score by 0,058, 0,781, dan 0,594, respectively. expression associated with pCR-RCB class I (p=0,048), but CPS score was not a predictor of RCB score in linear regression analysis. CONSLUSION sTIL intensity was an independent predictor of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy in RSCM. expression associated with pCR-RCB class I, but CPS score was not a predictor of RCB score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Felicia
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia (FMUI)-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH), Jakarta, Indonesia.
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14
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Kim Y, Aiob A, Kim H, Suh DH, Kim K, Kim YB, No JH. Clinical Implication of PD-L1 Expression in Patients with Endometrial Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2691. [PMID: 37893065 PMCID: PMC10603999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated PD-L1 expression in endometrial cancer, its links with prognostic factors, and survival outcomes in 232 patients. Of these, 73 (31.5%) had PD-L1-positive tumors and 159 (68.5%) had PD-L1-negative tumors. PD-L1 expression significantly correlated with adverse prognostic factors. The PD-L1-positive group had higher rates of high-grade tumors (37.0% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.004), deep myometrial invasion (35.6% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.004), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (39.7% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.023), and lymph node metastasis (7.2% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.024) than the PD-L1-negative group. While 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) favored the PD-L1-negative group (94.1% vs. 86.3%), this difference lacked statistical significance (p = 0.139). No significant variations emerged in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.596) or recurrence rates between the groups. Although outcomes lack statistical significance, they suggest a plausible link between PD-L1 and established adverse prognostic factors, such as histological grade, myometrial invasion depth, LVSI, and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. These insights hint at PD-L1's potential as an informal prognostic indicator, potentially aiding in endometrial cancer patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeorae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.H.S.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.)
| | - Ala Aiob
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel;
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.H.S.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.H.S.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.H.S.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.H.S.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hong SO, Kim J, Lee S, Shin J, Choi H, Lee E, Kang H, Lee H, Lee S, Yun N, An J, Choi H, Kim H, Kang W, Yoon Y, Kim S. Transgenic viral expression of PH-20, IL-12, and sPD1-Fc enhances immune cell infiltration and anti-tumor efficacy of an oncolytic virus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:301-315. [PMID: 37727704 PMCID: PMC10506102 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are of significant clinical interest due to their ability to directly infect and kill tumors and enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Previously, we developed KLS-3010, a novel oncolytic virus derived from the International Health Department-White (IHD-W) strain vaccinia virus, which has robust tumoricidal effects. In the present study, we generated a recombinant oncolytic virus, KLS-3020, by inserting three transgenes (hyaluronidase [PH-20], interleukin-12 [IL-12], and soluble programmed cell death 1 fused to the Fc domain [sPD1-Fc]) into KLS-3010 and investigated its anti-tumor efficacy and ability to induce anti-tumor immune responses in CT26.WT and B16F10 mouse tumor models. A single injection of KLS-3020 significantly decreased tumor growth. The roles of the transgenes were investigated using viruses expressing each single transgene alone and KLS-3020. PH-20 promoted virus spread and tumor immune cell infiltration, IL-12 activated and reprogrammed T cells to inflammatory phenotypes, and sPD1-Fc increased intra-tumoral populations of activated T cells. The tumor-specific systemic immune response and the abscopal tumor control elicited by KLS-3020 were demonstrated in the CT26.WT tumor model. The insertion of transgenes into KLS-3020 increased its anti-tumor efficacy, supporting further clinical investigation of KLS-3020 as a novel oncolytic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Oh Hong
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Shin
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanjun Choi
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesoo Kang
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Soondong Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Yun
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon An
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonsik Choi
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhang W, He Y, Tang Y, Dai W, Si Y, Mao F, Xu J, Yu C, Sun X. A meta-analysis of application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy in unresectable locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1073-1088. [PMID: 37337734 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials & methods: Randomized clinical trials comparing immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced TNBC patients were included. Results: A total of six articles (3183 patients) were eligible for this meta-analysis. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.76-1.14; p < 0.001) of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC patients without effect on overall survival, compared with chemotherapy. Conclusion: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based immunotherapy can safely improve progression-free survival in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC, but has no effect on overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Yujing He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yuning Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Wei Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yuexiu Si
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Feiyan Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Chiyuan Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
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17
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Oner G, Broeckx G, Van Berckelaer C, Zwaenepoel K, Altintas S, Canturk Z, Tjalma W, Berneman Z, Peeters M, Pauwels P, van Dam PA. The immune microenvironment characterisation and dynamics in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17901-17913. [PMID: 37553911 PMCID: PMC10524081 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen receptor positive (ER+)/HER-2 negative breast cancer (BC) is considered to be an immunologically cold tumour compared to triple negative breast cancer. Therefore, the tumour microenvironment (TME) of ER+/HER-2 negative BC is understudied. The aim of this project is to investigate the TME and the immune response during neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) and to correlate this with the treatment response in a real life setting. METHODS Expression of immune checkpoint receptors and immune cells was examined immunohistochemically, pre- and post-NET in a cohort of 56 ER+/HER-2 negative BC patients. They were treated with tamoxifen (n = 16), an aromatase inhibitor (n = 40) or a combination of an aromatase inhibitor with a PI3K inhibitor (n = 11) for a median duration of 6 months (range 1-32 months). Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies for PDL-1, PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, CTLA-4, CD4, CD68 and FOXP3 were performed. All staining procedures were done according to validated protocols, and scoring was done by a pathologist specialized in breast cancer. Positivity was defined as staining >1% on TILs. Response to NET was evaluated according to tumour size change on imaging and Ki-67 change. RESULTS The median age was 61.02 (37-90) years. Diameter of tumour size decreased with a mean of 8.1 mm (-16 mm to 45 mm) (p < 0.001) during NET and the value of Ki-67 value decreased with a median of 9 after NET (p < 0.001). An increase in PD-L1 expression after NET showed a trend towards significant (p = 0.088) and CD-4+ T cells significantly increased after NET (p = 0.03). A good response to NET defined as a decrease in tumour size and/or decrease of Ki-67 was found to be associated with a longer duration of NET, a change of CD4+ T-cells and a higher number of CD68+ tumour-associated macrophages before the start of NET. CONCLUSION The immune microenvironment plays an important role in ER+/HER-2 negative BC. NET influences the composition and functional state of the infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, changes in the immune microenvironment are also associated with treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Oner
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA)Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of General SurgeryKocaeli UniversityKocaeliTurkey
| | - Glenn Broeckx
- Department of HistopathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | | | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Department of HistopathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Sevilay Altintas
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA)Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Zafer Canturk
- Department of General SurgeryKocaeli UniversityKocaeliTurkey
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA)Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of HematologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA)Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of HistopathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Peter A. van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA)Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
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18
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Saastad SA, Skjervold AH, Ytterhus B, Engstrøm MJ, Bofin AM. PD-L1 protein expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-208942. [PMID: 37553245 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The immune checkpoint marker, Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), is expressed by both cancer epithelial cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) thus constituting a potential target for immunotherapy. This is of particular interest in triple negative breast cancer. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in tumour epithelial cells and TICs in a series of patients with breast cancer with long-term follow-up, and associations between PD-L1 expression and histopathological type and grade, proliferation and molecular subtype. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 in tissue microarrays, we assessed PD-L1 expression in 821 tumours. Expression of PD-L1 was assessed separately in the epithelial and stromal compartments and classified as <1%, ≥1% to <10% or ≥10% positive staining cells. We correlated PD-L1 expression in tumour epithelial cells and TICs with tumour characteristics using Pearson's χ2 test, and prognosis by cumulative incidence of death from breast cancer and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS We found membranous staining in ≥1% of tumour epithelial cells in 53/821 cases (6.5%). Of these, 21 (2.6%) were ≥10%. Among TICs, staining (≥1%) was seen in 144/821 cases (17.6%). Of these, 62 were ≥10% (7.6%). PD-L1 was associated with high histopathological grade and proliferation, and the medullary and metaplastic patterns. In TICs, PD-L1 ≥1% found in 22/34 (34.4%) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 type and 29/58 (50%) basal phenotype. An independent association between PD-L1 expression and prognosis was not observed. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 is expressed more frequently in TICs than tumour epithelial cells. Expression in TICs is associated with aggressive tumour characteristics and non-luminal tumours but not with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd A Saastad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anette H Skjervold
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Borgny Ytterhus
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Jernberg Engstrøm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sugrery, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Kaushik AC, Zhao Z. Machine learning-driven exploration of drug therapies for triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1215204. [PMID: 37602329 PMCID: PMC10436744 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1215204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women among all cancer types. It is highly heterogeneous in nature, which means that the tumors have different morphologies and there is heterogeneity even among people who have the same type of tumor. Several staging and classifying systems have been developed due to the variability of different types of breast cancer. Due to high heterogeneity, personalized treatment has become a new strategy. Out of all breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises ∼10%-15%. TNBC refers to the subtype of breast cancer where cells do not express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or human epidermal growth factor receptors (ERs, PRs, and HERs). Tumors in TNBC have a diverse set of genetic markers and prognostic indicators. We scanned the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) databases for potential drugs using human breast cancer cell lines and drug sensitivity data. Three different machine-learning approaches were used to evaluate the prediction of six effective drugs against the TNBC cell lines. The top biomarkers were then shortlisted on the basis of their involvement in breast cancer and further subjected to testing for radion resistance using data from the Cleveland database. It was observed that Panobinostat, PLX4720, Lapatinib, Nilotinib, Selumetinib, and Tanespimycin were six effective drugs against the TNBC cell lines. We could identify potential derivates that may be used against approved drugs. Only one biomarker (SETD7) was sensitive to all six drugs on the shortlist, while two others (SRARP and YIPF5) were sensitive to both radiation and drugs. Furthermore, we did not find any radioresistance markers for the TNBC. The proposed biomarkers and drug sensitivity analysis will provide potential candidates for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Chandra Kaushik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Porta FM, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Frascarelli C, Cursano G, Guerini-Rocco E, Fusco N, Ivanova M. Immune Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Improving the Predictivity of Current Testing Methods. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1176. [PMID: 37511789 PMCID: PMC10381494 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant challenge in terms of prognosis and disease recurrence. The limited treatment options and the development of resistance to chemotherapy make it particularly difficult to manage these patients. However, recent research has been shifting its focus towards biomarker-based approaches for TNBC, with a particular emphasis on the tumor immune landscape. Immune biomarkers in TNBC are now a subject of great interest due to the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in these tumors. This characteristic often coincides with the presence of PD-L1 expression on both neoplastic cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, a subset of TNBC harbor mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) TNBC, which is frequently accompanied by microsatellite instability (MSI). All of these immune biomarkers hold actionable potential for guiding patient selection in immunotherapy. To fully capitalize on these opportunities, the identification of additional or complementary biomarkers and the implementation of highly customized testing strategies are of paramount importance in TNBC. In this regard, this article aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in immune-related biomarkers for TNBC. Specifically, it focuses on the various testing methodologies available and sheds light on the immediate future perspectives for patient selection. By delving into the advancements made in understanding the immune landscape of TNBC, this study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field. The ultimate goal is to pave the way for the development of more personalized testing strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Porta
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Frascarelli
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Cursano
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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21
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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Caroland K, Lin J. Polarization of Cancer-Associated Macrophages Maneuver Neoplastic Attributes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3507. [PMID: 37444617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence links the phenomenon of enhanced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages towards cancer bulks to neoplastic growth, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, matrix remodeling, and therapeutic resistance. In the context of cancer progression, naïve macrophages are polarized into M1 or M2 subtypes according to their differentiation status, gene signatures, and functional roles. While the former render proinflammatory and anticancer effects, the latter subpopulation elicits an opposite impact on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. M2 macrophages have gained increasing attention as they are largely responsible for molding an immune-suppressive landscape. Through positive feedback circuits involving a paracrine manner, M2 macrophages can be amplified by and synergized with neighboring neoplastic cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and non-cell autonomous constituents in the microenvironmental niche to promote an advanced disease state. This review delineates the molecular cues expanding M2 populations that subsequently convey notorious clinical outcomes. Future therapeutic regimens shall comprise protocols attempting to abolish environmental niches favoring M2 polarization; weaken cancer growth typically assisted by M2; promote the recruitment of tumoricidal CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells; and boost susceptibility towards gemcitabine as well as other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Kailey Caroland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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22
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Gunnarsdottir FB, Briem O, Lindgren AY, Källberg E, Andersen C, Grenthe R, Rosenqvist C, Millrud CR, Wallgren M, Viklund H, Bexell D, Johansson ME, Hedenfalk I, Hagerling C, Leandersson K. Breast cancer associated CD169 + macrophages possess broad immunosuppressive functions but enhance antibody secretion by activated B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180209. [PMID: 37404831 PMCID: PMC10315498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD169+ resident macrophages in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients are for unknown reasons associated with a beneficial prognosis. This contrasts CD169+ macrophages present in primary breast tumors (CD169+ TAMs), that correlate with a worse prognosis. We recently showed that these CD169+ TAMs were associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and Tregs in breast cancer. Here, we show that CD169+ TAMs can be monocyte-derived and express a unique mediator profile characterized by type I IFNs, CXCL10, PGE2 and inhibitory co-receptor expression pattern. The CD169+ monocyte-derived macrophages (CD169+ Mo-M) possessed an immunosuppressive function in vitro inhibiting NK, T and B cell proliferation, but enhanced antibody and IL6 secretion in activated B cells. Our findings indicate that CD169+ Mo-M in the primary breast tumor microenvironment are linked to both immunosuppression and TLS functions, with implications for future targeted Mo-M therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oscar Briem
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter Lindgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Källberg
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cajsa Andersen
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Grenthe
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cassandra Rosenqvist
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Camilla Rydberg Millrud
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mika Wallgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannah Viklund
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, TCR, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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El Hejjioui B, Lamrabet S, Amrani Joutei S, Senhaji N, Bouhafa T, Malhouf MA, Bennis S, Bouguenouch L. New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111949. [PMID: 37296801 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer lacking hormone receptor expression and HER2 gene amplification. TNBC represents a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by poor prognosis, high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and a tendency to relapse. In this review, the specific molecular subtypes and pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the biomarker characteristics of TNBC, namely: regulators of cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis-regulating proteins, regulators of DNA damage response, immune checkpoints, and epigenetic modifications. This paper also focuses on omics approaches to exploring TNBC, such as genomics to identify cancer-specific mutations, epigenomics to identify altered epigenetic landscapes in cancer cells, and transcriptomics to explore differential mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, updated neoadjuvant treatments for TNBC are also mentioned, underlining the role of immunotherapy and novel and targeted agents in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim El Hejjioui
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Sarah Amrani Joutei
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Nadia Senhaji
- Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès 50000, Morocco
| | - Touria Bouhafa
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | | | - Sanae Bennis
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
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24
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Göker M, Deblaere S, Denys H, Vergauwen G, Naert E, Veldeman L, Monten C, Van den Broecke R, Van Dorpe J, Braems G, Van de Vijver K. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Pleomorphic Lobular Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112894. [PMID: 37296857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic and predictive role of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) is undetermined in pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer (pILC). The same applies for the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in this rare breast cancer subtype. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of sTILs and analyze the PD-L1 expression levels in pILC. METHODS Archival tissues from sixty-six patients with pILC were collected. The sTIL density was scored as a percentage of tumor area using the following cut-offs: 0%; <5%; 5-9%; and 10-50%. The PD-L1 expression was analyzed using IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using SP142 and 22C3 antibodies. RESULTS A total of 82% of the sixty-six patients were hormone receptor positive and 8% of cases were triple negative (TN), while 10% showed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. sTILs (≥1%) were present in 64% of the study population. Using the SP142 antibody, 36% of tumors demonstrated a positive PD-L1 score of ≥1%, and using the 22C3 antibody, 28% had a positive PD-L1 score of ≥1. There was no correlation between sTILs or PD-L1 expression and tumor size, tumor grade, nodal status, expression of estrogen receptor (ER), or amplification of HER2. Our data did not show any difference in survival between the three molecular subtypes of pILC with respect to sTILs and PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSION This study shows that pILCs show some degree of sTILs and PD-L1 expression; however, this was not associated with a survival improvement. Additional large trials are needed to understand immune infiltration in lobular cancer, especially in the pleomorphic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menekse Göker
- Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Deblaere
- Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Vergauwen
- Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Naert
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liv Veldeman
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Monten
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Braems
- Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (GRIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Tan X, Li Y, Hou Z, Zhang M, Li L, Wei J. Combination therapy with PD-1 inhibition plus rapamycin and metformin enhances anti-tumor efficacy in triple negative breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2023:113647. [PMID: 37225011 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been proved to be effective in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), albeit only in a fraction of patients. Emerging evidences indicate mTOR blockade and metformin may re-orchestrate the immune system in tumors. Herein, in this study we aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1 monoclonal antibody with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or with the anti-diabetic drug metformin. The status of PD-1/PD-L1 and mTOR pathway was determined through analyzing the TCGA and CCLE data in TNBCs as well as by detection at mRNA and protein level. The inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by anti-PD-1 combined with rapamycin or with metformin was evaluated in allograft mouse model of TNBC. The effects of combination therapy on the AMPK, mTOR and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways were also evaluated. The combination treatment with PD-1 McAb and rapamycin/metformin had additive effects on suppression of tumor growth and distant metastasis in mice. Compared with the control group and the monotherapy, combined PD-1 McAb with either rapamycin or metformin exhibited more obvious effects on induction of necrosis, CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating and inhibition of PD-L1 expression in TNBC homograft. In vitro study showed either rapamycin or metformin not only decreased PD-L1 expression, but increased p-AMPK expression and therefore led to down-regulation of p-S6. In summary, combination of PD-1 antagonist with either rapamycin or metformin led to more infiltrating TILs and decreased PD-L1 resulting in enhanced antitumor immunity and blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Our results suggested such combination therapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 440(#) Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Zhihui Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Junmin Wei
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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26
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Yu J, Guo Z, Wang L. Progress and Challenges of Immunotherapy Predictive Biomarkers for Triple Negative Breast Cancer in the Era of Single-Cell Multi-Omics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051189. [PMID: 37240834 DOI: 10.3390/life13051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. Despite conventional treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the overall response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors remains low, with limited predictive significance from current biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor mutational burden (TMB). To address this challenge, recent advancements in single-cell sequencing techniques have enabled deeper exploration of the highly complex and heterogeneous TNBC tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level, revealing promising TNBC predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the background, motivation, methodology, results, findings, and conclusion of multi-omics analyses that have led to the identification of these emerging biomarkers. Our review suggests that single-cell multi-omics analysis holds great promise for the identification of more effective biomarkers and personalized treatment strategies for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Yu
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Lei Wang
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518054, China
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27
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Pan L, Han J, Lin M. Targeting breast cancer stem cells directly to treat refractory breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:981247. [PMID: 37251931 PMCID: PMC10213424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.981247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with refractory breast cancer (BC), integrative immunotherapies are emerging as a critical component of treatment. However, many patients remain unresponsive to treatment or relapse after a period. Different cells and mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in the progression of BC, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are deemed the main cause of relapse. Their characteristics depend on their interactions with their microenvironment as well as on the inducing factors and elements in this environment. Strategies to modulate the immune system in the TME of BC that are aimed at reversing the suppressive networks within it and eradicating residual CSCs are, thus, essential for improving the current therapeutic efficacy of BC. This review focuses on the development of immunoresistance in BCs and discusses the strategies that can modulate the immune system and target breast CSCs directly to treat BC including immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pan
- Wuhan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Denkert C, Lambertini C, Fasching PA, Pogue-Geile KL, Mano MS, Untch M, Wolmark N, Huang CS, Loibl S, Mamounas EP, Geyer CE, Lucas PC, Boulet T, Song C, Lewis GD, Nowicka M, de Haas S, Basik M. Biomarker Data from the Phase III KATHERINE Study of Adjuvant T-DM1 versus Trastuzumab for Residual Invasive Disease after Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1569-1581. [PMID: 36730339 PMCID: PMC10102844 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In KATHERINE, adjuvant T-DM1 reduced risk of disease recurrence or death by 50% compared with trastuzumab in patients with residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) comprised of HER2-targeted therapy and chemotherapy. This analysis aimed to identify biomarkers of response and differences in biomarker expression before and after NAT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Exploratory analyses investigated the relationship between invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and HER2 protein expression/gene amplification, PIK3CA hotspot mutations, and gene expression of HER2, PD-L1, CD8, predefined immune signatures, and Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 intrinsic molecular subtypes, classified by Absolute Intrinsic Molecular Subtyping. HER2 expression on paired pre- and post-NAT samples was examined. RESULTS T-DM1 appeared to improve IDFS versus trastuzumab across most biomarker subgroups, except the HER2 focal expression subgroup. High versus low HER2 gene expression in residual disease was associated with worse outcomes with trastuzumab [HR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-3.11], but IDFS with T-DM1 was independent of HER2 expression level (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.56-1.83). Low PD-L1 gene expression in residual disease was associated with worse outcomes with trastuzumab (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-1.00), but not T-DM1 (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.59-1.87). PIK3CA mutations were not prognostic. Increased variability in HER2 expression was observed in post-NAT versus paired pre-NAT samples. CONCLUSIONS T-DM1 appears to overcome HER2 resistance. T-DM1 benefit does not appear dependent on immune activation, but these results do not rule out an influence of the tumor immune microenvironment on the degree of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter A. Fasching
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Max S. Mano
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Untch
- AGO-B and HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Wolmark
- NSABP Foundation and University of Pittsburgh/UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Centre for Haematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Charles E. Geyer
- NSABP Foundation and University of Pittsburgh/UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- NSABP Foundation and University of Pittsburgh/UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Chunyan Song
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Mark Basik
- NSABP Foundation and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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Murazawa C, Hashimoto N, Kuraishi K, Motoyama M, Hashimoto SI, Ikeuchi M, Norimura S, Matsunaga T, Teramoto K, Haba R, Abe N, Yajima T, Kontani K. Status and prognostic value of immunological biomarkers of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:164. [PMID: 36960188 PMCID: PMC10028224 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to cancer serves an important role in disease progression and patient prognosis. For triple-negative breast cancer showing aggressive behavior, immunotherapy has a good efficacy because of the potent immunogenicity of this type of cancer. However, the dominant subtype, luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, is less immunogenic. To determine whether luminal HER2-negative cancer reacts to the anticancer immune response, the present study analyzed the status and prognostic value of the principal immunological biomarkers of breast cancer, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD8+ T lymphocytes, the major histocompatibility complex and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The biomarkers were compared between patients with luminal HER2-negative breast cancer and those with immunogenic subtypes including triple-negative and HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. A total of 71 patients with primary breast cancer were classified into the immunogenic non-luminal (n=23) and less immunogenic luminal HER2-negative groups (n=48) based on immunogenicity. In the luminal HER2-negative group, compared with patients with low TIL levels, those with high TIL levels were at an advanced stage of cancer (P=0.024) and showed worse relapse-free survival (P=0.057); however, the remaining biomarkers exhibited no association with cancer progression or prognosis. In the non-luminal group, patients with high TIL levels showed significantly better RFS than those with low TIL levels (P=0.014). Compared with non-luminal patients negative for PD-L1, those positive for PD-L1 exhibited better overall survival (P=0.064). Notably, TIL status was found to exhibit contrasting prognostic predictions based on immunogenicity. In conclusion, TILs are a strong candidate for prognostic prediction in breast cancer, regardless of the subtype. PD-L1 is a potential candidate for prognostic prediction in immunogenic breast cancers, but not in the luminal HER2-negative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Murazawa
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kana Kuraishi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Motoyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeuchi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shoko Norimura
- Department of Surgery, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Toru Matsunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Teramoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2191, Japan
| | - Reiji Haba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Noriko Abe
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yajima
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kontani
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- Correspondence to: Dr Keiichi Kontani, Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan, E-mail:
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Mondal SK, Bhattacharya S, Sarkar AP, Saha R. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast carcinoma and their clinical significance. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S81-S86. [PMID: 37147987 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2013_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Carcinoma of the breast is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells plays an important role in tailored therapy. This can be evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal PD-L1 antibody in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive carcinoma of breast and their clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1 and TILs was done in paraffin-embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed 50 cases of breast carcinoma. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software. Results Out of these 50 cases, PD-L1 and TIL expression were seen in 16 (32%) cases and 18 (36%) cases, respectively. PD-L1 positivity was seen in 33.33% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 75% case of grade 3 breast carcinoma. TILs showed positivity in 6.9% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 100% cases of grade 3 breast carcinoma. Proportion of patients having PD-L1 expression was higher in grade 3 carcinoma than in grade 1 or 2. The differences were statistically significant (Chi-square value = 13.417, degree of freedom = 1, P < 0.05). The Chi-square value for TILs was 28.07, degree of freedom was 1, and P value was <0.05, which was statistically significant. Conclusion Both PD-L1 and TILs showed maximum positivity in grade 3 breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Mondal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Aditya Prasad Sarkar
- Community Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Rama Saha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Smrekar K, Belyakov A, Jin K. Crosstalk between triple negative breast cancer and microenvironment. Oncotarget 2023; 14:284-293. [PMID: 36999995 PMCID: PMC10064880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, for the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) these therapies have not significantly increased overall survival. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role to develop and control TNBC progression. Many preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing to treat patients with TNBC disease, but the effective therapies are currently not available. Here, we have reviewed recent progress in understanding of TNBC and advance in defining mechanisms of TNBC therapies and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Smrekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Artem Belyakov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Javid H, Attarian F, Saadatmand T, Rezagholinejad N, Mehri A, Amiri H, Karimi-Shahri M. The therapeutic potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: Rational strategies and recent progress. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:477-494. [PMID: 36966454 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and despite significant advances in BC therapies, a significant proportion of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Currently used treatments, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, result in poor responses and high recurrence rates. Alternative therapies are therefore needed for this type of cancer. Cancer patients may benefit from immunotherapy, a novel treatment strategy in cancer treatment. Even though immunotherapy has been successful in many cases, some patients do not respond to the treatment or those who do respond relapse or progress. The purpose of this review is to discuss several different immunotherapy approaches approved for the treatment of BC, as well as different strategies for immunotherapy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Attarian
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mehri
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Inappropriate Expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoints in Myeloma Patients Is More Pronounced at Diagnosis: Implications for Time to Progression and Response to Therapeutic Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065730. [PMID: 36982802 PMCID: PMC10056286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by severely profound immune dysfunction. Therefore, the efficacy of drugs targeting the immune environments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is of high clinical importance. However, several clinical trials evaluating ICIs in MM in different therapeutic combinations revealed underwhelming results showing a lack of clinical efficacy and excessive side effects. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to ICIs observed in the majority of MM patients are still under investigation. Recently, we demonstrated that inappropriate expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on CD4 T cells in active MM is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and treatment status. The aim of the current study was to determine the usefulness of immune checkpoint expression assessment as a predictive biomarker of the response to therapeutic inhibitors. For this purpose, along with checkpoint expression estimated by flow cytometry, we evaluated the time to progression (TTP) of MM patients at different clinical stages (disease diagnosis and relapse) depending on the checkpoint expression level; the cut-off point (dividing patients into low and high expressors) was selected based on the median value. Herein, we confirmed the defective levels of regulatory PD-1, CTLA-4 receptors, and the CD69 marker activation in newly diagnosed (ND) patients, whereas relapsed/refractory patients (RR) exhibited their recovered values and reactivity. Additionally, substantially higher populations of senescent CD4+CD28− T cells were found in MM, primarily in NDMM subjects. These observations suggest the existence of two dysfunctional states in MM CD4 T cells with the predominance of immunosenescence at disease diagnosis and exhaustion at relapse, thus implying different responsiveness to the external receptor blockade depending on the disease stage. Furthermore, we found that lower CTLA-4 levels in NDMM patients or higher PD-1 expression in RRMM patients may predict early relapse. In conclusion, our study clearly showed that the checkpoint level in CD4 T cells may significantly affect the time to MM progression concerning the treatment status. Therefore, when considering novel therapies and potent combinations, it should be taken into account that blocking PD-1 rather than CTLA-4 might be a beneficial form of immunotherapy for only a proportion of RRMM patients.
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HIRAYAMA AIRI, ISHIGAKI HIROTAKA, TAKAHASHI KATSUNORI, MIURA YUSUKE, KIKUCHI HARUHISA, KUBOHARA YUZURU. Dictyostelium Differentiation-inducing Factor Derivatives Reduce the Glycosylation of PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 69:105-115. [PMID: 38854456 PMCID: PMC11153063 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj22-0039-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic and intractable cancer with limited treatment options. Refractory cancer cells often express the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, which inhibit the anticancer effects of T cells. Differentiation-inducing factors, originally found in Dictyostelium discoideum, and their derivatives possess strong antiproliferative activity, at least in part by reducing cyclin D1 expression in various cancer cells, but their effects on PD-L1/PD-L2 have not been examined. In this study, we investigate the effects of six DIF compounds (DIFs) on the expression of PD-L1/PD-L2 and cyclin D1/D3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, a model TNBC cell line. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated for 5 or 15 h with or without DIFs, and the mRNA expression of cyclin D1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Whereas, MDA-MD-231 cells were incubated for 12 or 24 h with or without DIFs, and the protein expression of cyclins D1 and D3, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were assessed by Western blotting. Results As expected, some DIFs strongly reduced cyclin D1/D3 protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Contrary to our expectation, DIFs had little effect on PD-L1 mRNA expression or increased it transiently. However, some DIFs partially reduced glycosylated PD-L1 and increased non-glycosylated PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The level of PD-L2 was very low in these cells. Conclusions Since PD-L1 glycosylation plays an important role in preventing T cells from attacking cancer cells, such DIFs may promote T cell attack on cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - YUZURU KUBOHARA
- Corresponding author: Yuzuru Kubohara, Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan, TEL: +81-476-98-1001 FAX: +81-476-98-1011 E-mail:
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Hoffmann O, Wormland S, Bittner AK, Collenburg M, Horn PA, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S, Rebmann V. Programmed death receptor ligand-2 (PD-L2) bearing extracellular vesicles as a new biomarker to identify early triple-negative breast cancer patients at high risk for relapse. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1159-1174. [PMID: 35366112 PMCID: PMC9984327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on the tumor-promoting features of extracellular vesicles (EV) and PD-L1/2-bearing EV subpopulations (PD-L1/2EV), we evaluated their potential as surrogate markers for disease progression or eligibility criteria for PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) approaches in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS After enrichment of EV from plasma samples of 56 patients before and 50 after chemotherapy (CT), we determined levels of EV particle number and PD-L1/2EV by nanoparticle tracking analysis or ELISA and associated the results with clinical status/outcome and the presence of distinct circulating tumor cells (CTC) subpopulations. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients had a tenfold higher EV concentration and significantly elevated PD L2EV but not PD L1EV levels. The most important clinical implications were found for PD-L2EV. High PD-L2EV levels were associated with a significantly reduced 3-year progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS). A loss of PD-L2EV after CT was significantly more prominent in patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR). Increased pre-CT PD-L2EV levels were found in patients having NOTCH1-positive or ERBB3-positive CTC. The presence of ERBB3-positive CTC combined with high pre-CT PD-L2EV resulted in a shorter PFS. CONCLUSION This study highlights PD L2EV as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of TNBC patients and represents the basic for additional studies introducing PD-L2EV as an eligibility criterion for PD-1 ICI approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wormland
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Collenburg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Ren J, Han X, Lohner H, Hoyle RG, Li J, Liang S, Wang H. P. gingivalis Infection Upregulates PD-L1 Expression on Dendritic Cells, Suppresses CD8+ T-cell Responses, and Aggravates Oral Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:290-305. [PMID: 36633576 PMCID: PMC9975670 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that PD-L1 expression on dendritic cells (DC) is critical for cancer immunotherapy and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) colonization aggravates the progression of upper gastrointestinal cancers. However, the effects of Pg infection on PD-L1 expression on DCs and related immune consequences in the infection milieu of oral cancer remain unexplored. Here, we found that Pg infection robustly enhanced PD-L1 expression on DCs in a gingipain-dependent manner in cultured cell and systemic infection assays. Pg infection suppressed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells through upregulation of PD-L1 expression on ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed DCs. This suppression was manifested by decreased IFNγ, perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. Further analysis showed that Pg drastically reduced CD8+ T cells' ability to lyse OVA-pulsed target cells. Additionally, Pg infection increased the phosphorylation of Akt and STAT3, leading to a significant increase in PD-L1 expression. This was substantiated by using siRNA, overexpression plasmids, and pharmacologic inhibitors. Consistent with the in vitro observations, in a syngeneic mouse oral cancer model, Pg infection significantly enhanced PD-L1 expression on DCs from intratumoral tissues and cervical lymph nodes and exacerbated oral cancer progression, whereas a Pg lysine-specific, gingipain-defective mutant failed to do so. These influences of Pg were largely diminished when tumor cells were pretreated with antibiotics or a STAT3 inhibitor. Therefore, we demonstrated that Pg infection upregulates PD-L1 expression on DCs through Akt-STAT3 signaling, suppresses CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, and aggravates oral cancer growth, suggesting targeting Pg, and/or its mediated signaling, could be a therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Ren
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiao Han
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hannah Lohner
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rosalie G. Hoyle
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jiong Li
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Huizhi Wang
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Sham NFR, Hasani NAH, Hasan N, Karim MKA, Fuad SBSA, Hasbullah HH, Ibahim MJ. Acquired radioresistance in EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line is mediated by CTLA-4 and PD-1 through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 36813833 PMCID: PMC9946948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is often associated with the acquisition of radioresistance by cancer tissues due to failure in radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism leading to the development of acquired radioresistance in the EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and the potential pathway involved was investigated by comparing differential gene expressions between parental and acquired radioresistance cells. EMT6 cell line was exposed to 2 Gy/per cycle of gamma-ray and the survival fraction between EMT6-treated and parental cells was compared. EMT6RR_MJI (acquired radioresistance) cells was developed after 8 cycles of fractionated irradiation. The development of EMT6RR_MJI cells was confirmed with further irradiation at different doses of gamma-ray, and both the survival fraction and migration rates were measured. Higher survival fraction and migration rates were obtained in EMT6RR_MJI cells after exposure to 4 Gy and 8 Gy gamma-ray irradiations compared to their parental cells. Gene expression between EMT6RR_MJI and parental cells was compared, and 16 genes identified to possess more than tenfold changes were selected and validated using RT-PCR. Out of these genes, 5 were significantly up-regulated i.e., IL-6, PDL-1, AXL, GAS6 and APCDD1. Based on pathway analysis software, the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI was hypothesized through JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway. Presently, CTLA-4 and PD-1 were determined to be associated with JAK/STAT/PI3K pathway, where both their expressions were significantly increased in EMT6RR_MJI compared to parental cells in the 1st, 4th and 8th cycle of radiation. As a conclusion, the current findings provided a mechanistic platform for the development of acquired radioresistance in EMT6RR_MJI through overexpression of CTLA-4 and PD-1, and novel knowledge on therapeutic targets for recurrent radioresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatihah Ronny Sham
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhaslina Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad Fuad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Johari Ibahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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38
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van den Ende NS, Nguyen AH, Jager A, Kok M, Debets R, van Deurzen CHM. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Predictive Markers of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032969. [PMID: 36769287 PMCID: PMC9918290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 40-50% of all triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The identification of biomarkers predicting the response to NAC could be helpful for personalized treatment. This systematic review provides an overview of putative biomarkers at baseline that are predictive for a pCR following NAC. Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2010 and August 2022. The articles had to meet the following criteria: patients with primary invasive TNBC without distant metastases and patients must have received NAC. In total, 2045 articles were screened by two reviewers resulting in the inclusion of 92 articles. Overall, the most frequently reported biomarkers associated with a pCR were a high expression of Ki-67, an expression of PD-L1 and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ T cells, and corresponding immune gene signatures. In addition, our review reveals proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic markers that relate to cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and the peripheral blood, which also affect chemo-sensitivity. We conclude that a prediction model based on a combination of tumor and immune markers is likely to better stratify TNBC patients with respect to NAC response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S. van den Ende
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-640213383
| | - Anh H. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien H. M. van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Marini W, Wilson BE, Reedijk M. Targeting Notch-Driven Cytokine Secretion: Novel Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:73-81. [PMID: 36579947 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence rate and reduced overall survival. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has shown modest results in this subgroup, highlighting the need for improved targeted therapeutic options. Notch is a defining feature of TNBC and drives the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). These cytokines are involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the tumor, resulting in immune evasion and tumor progression. Targeting Notch, IL1β or CCL2 may reduce TAM recruitment and resistance to ICI, illuminating the potential of combination immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Marini
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brooke E Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Durak Ö, Bozkurt KK, Çiriş İM, Kocer M, Eroğlu HE. Programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma using CAL10 and NAT105 immunostaining. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:147-154. [PMID: 36281760 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2137586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of breast cancer has stimulated development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The programmed cell death 1 (PD1) pathway and its inhibitors are promising avenues for investigation. PD1 includes PD ligands 1 (PDL1) and 2 (PDL2). We investigated the expression of PD1 and PDL1 in invasive breast carcinomas using immunohistochemical staining. We used 171 invasive breast carcinoma specimens from which tissue microarray blocks were created. Immunohistochemical staining of PD1 using NAT105, and PDL1 using CAL10 was performed on tissue microarray sections. NAT105 and CAL10 are useful clones for detecting expression of PD1 and PDL1. PD1 and PDL1 immunostaining was significantly stronger in carcinomas with basal-like phenotype compared to other molecular breast cancer types. PD1 and PDL1 expression also was associated with a high histologic grade and a high Ki-67 index. PD1 expression also was associated with lymphovascular invasion and axillary metastasis. PD1 and PDL1 expression is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and a basal-like phenotype in breast cancer. We suggest that inhibition of the PD1/PDL1 pathway, particularly in triple negative breast carcinomas with basal-like phenotype, might be useful for targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Durak
- Department of Pathology, Kastamonu State Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | | | - Murat Kocer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey
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41
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Tarighati E, Keivan H, Mahani H. A review of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1-16. [PMID: 35031885 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer all over the world that affects women. BC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women, which today has decreased with the advancement of technology and new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. BCs are histologically divided into in situ and invasive carcinoma, and both of them can be divided into ductal and lobular. The main function after the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is which patient should use chemotherapy, which patient should receive adjuvant therapy, and which should not. If the decision is for adjuvant therapy, the next challenge is to identify the most appropriate treatment or combination of treatments for a particular patient. Addressing the first challenge can be helped by prognostic biomarkers, while addressing the second challenge can be done by predictive biomarkers. Among the molecular markers related to BC, ER, PR, HER2, and the Mib1/Ki-67 proliferation index are the most significant ones and are tightly confirmed in the standard care of all primary, recurrent, and metastatic BC patients. CEA and CA-15-3 antigens are the most valuable markers of serum tumors in BC patients. Determining the series of these markers helps monitor response to the treatment and early detection of recurrence or metastasis. miRNAs have been demonstrated to be intricate in mammary gland growth, proliferation, and formation of BC known to be incriminated in BC biology. By combining established prognostic factors with valid prognostic/predicted biomarkers, we can start the journey to personalized treatment for every recently diagnosed BC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Tarighati
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Keivan
- School of Paramedicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hojjat Mahani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran.
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Huang Z, Shao W, Han Z, Alkashash AM, De la Sancha C, Parwani AV, Nitta H, Hou Y, Wang T, Salama P, Rizkalla M, Zhang J, Huang K, Li Z. Artificial intelligence reveals features associated with breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy responses from multi-stain histopathologic images. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:14. [PMID: 36707660 PMCID: PMC9883475 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in computational algorithms and tools have made the prediction of cancer patient outcomes using computational pathology feasible. However, predicting clinical outcomes from pre-treatment histopathologic images remains a challenging task, limited by the poor understanding of tumor immune micro-environments. In this study, an automatic, accurate, comprehensive, interpretable, and reproducible whole slide image (WSI) feature extraction pipeline known as, IMage-based Pathological REgistration and Segmentation Statistics (IMPRESS), is described. We used both H&E and multiplex IHC (PD-L1, CD8+, and CD163+) images, investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms using automatic feature extraction methods can predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) outcomes in HER2-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Features are derived from tumor immune micro-environment and clinical data and used to train machine learning models to accurately predict the response to NAC in breast cancer patients (HER2+ AUC = 0.8975; TNBC AUC = 0.7674). The results demonstrate that this method outperforms the results trained from features that were manually generated by pathologists. The developed image features and algorithms were further externally validated by independent cohorts, yielding encouraging results, especially for the HER2+ subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhi Han
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ahmad Mahmoud Alkashash
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Carlo De la Sancha
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hiroaki Nitta
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, 1910 E. Innovation Park Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Yanjun Hou
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Paul Salama
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Modeling tumour heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in tumour progression and adaptive therapy. J Math Biol 2023; 86:38. [PMID: 36695961 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors show potent and durable anti-tumour effects in some refractory tumours, the response rate in overall patients is unsatisfactory, which in part due to the inherent heterogeneity of PD-L1. In order to establish an approach for predicting and estimating the dynamic alternation of PD-L1 heterogeneity during cancer progression and treatment, this study establishes a comprehensive modelling and computational framework based on a mathematical model of cancer cell evolution in the tumour-immune microenvironment, and in combination with epigenetic data and overall survival data of clinical patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Through PD-L1 heterogeneous virtual patients obtained by the computational framework, we explore the adaptive therapy of administering anti-PD-L1 according to the dynamic of PD-L1 state among cancer cells. Our results show that in contrast to the continuous maximum tolerated dose treatment, adaptive therapy is more effective for PD-L1 positive patients, in that it prolongs the survival of patients by administration of drugs at lower dosage.
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44
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Birnbaum DJ, Picard M, Da Costa Q, Delayre T, Finetti P, Cabaud O, Agavnian E, De Rauglaudre B, Denicolaï E, Bertucci F, Mamessier E. PVRIG Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and a New Potential Target for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020447. [PMID: 36672396 PMCID: PMC9856571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and deadly cancer in need of new treatments. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in several solid tumors. The TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis gathers targets for new immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here, we aimed at highlighting the potential of this axis as a new therapeutic option for HCC. For this, we built a large transcriptomic database of 683 HCC samples, clinically annotated, and 319 normal liver tissues. We interrogated this database for the transcriptomic expression of each member of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis and tested their prognostic value for survival. We then focused on the most discriminant one for these criteria, i.e., PVRIG, and analyzed the clinical characteristics, the disease-free and overall survivals, and biological pathways associated with PVRIG High tumors. Among all members of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis, PVRIG expression was higher in tumors than in normal liver, was heterogeneous across tumors, and was the only member with independent prognostic value for better survival. PVRIG High tumors were characterized by a higher lymphocytic infiltrate and enriched for signatures associated with tertiary lymphoid structures and better anti-tumor immune response. These results suggest that patients with PVRIG High tumors might be good candidates for immune therapy involving ICIs, notably ICIs targeting the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis. Further functional and clinical validation is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jeremie Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Maelle Picard
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Thomas Delayre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Olivier Cabaud
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Agavnian
- IPC/CRCM Experimental Pathology (ICEP), CRCM, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Bernadette De Rauglaudre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Digestive Oncology and Gastro-Enterology, Timone Hospital, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Denicolaï
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-22-72-61
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Wu Y, Chen Z, Li W, Wang F, Zhang Y. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1033084. [PMID: 36698422 PMCID: PMC9869869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the breast, as a rare metaplastic breast cancer, currently has limited clinical data on its biological behavior, treatment and prognosis. At present, the optimal treatment of this tumor is still controversial. We reported a case of a 56-year-old woman with a mass on the right breast. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy and lymph node biopsy, which revealed that the tumor was a metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis, followed by traditional adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient re-examined by PET/CT after two years in May 2017 and found a recurrence in the right chest wall, so resection of the recurring lesion was resected, then she was given postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In August 2019, the patient re-examined by PET/CT, and there were pulmonary and mediastinal lymph node metastases. After 4 cycles of albumin paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy combined with nivolumab immunotherapy, the patient achieved complete response (CR), and then switched to nivolumab immune maintenance therapy. So far, no obvious metastasis has been seen. We believe that surgical treatment is necessary for PSCC of the breast;paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy regimens and adjuvant radiotherapy are effective, but it may be resistant to radiotherapy; and immunotherapy may prolong the survival of patients with PSCC of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengguang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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46
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Li JJX, Tse GM. Marker assessments in ER-positive breast cancers: old markers, new applications? Histopathology 2023; 82:218-231. [PMID: 35945680 DOI: 10.1111/his.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of oestrogen receptor (ER) expression by immunostaining is essential in the pathological assessment of breast cancer. Its expression is intercorrelated with clinicopathological features, molecular typing, and treatment selection. The development of novel therapeutic agents related to ER status, the recent ASCO introduction of an ER-low positive category of breast cancers, and the ever-increasing plethora of diagnostic and theragnostic markers call for a timely update. In this article we aim to review the clinicopathological features of ER-positive breast cancers, with an emphasis on ER-low positive breast cancers, and a focus on updating the (i) assessment, reporting and interpretation of ER immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, (ii) correlations of ER status with other diagnostic and theragnostic markers, and (iii) implications for treatment selection and response. In the face of the developments in IHC and molecular techniques and targeted therapy, ER immunostaining is still expected to remain as the core component of prognostic and theragnostic assessment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J X Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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47
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Pourali G, Zafari N, Velayati M, Mehrabadi S, Maftooh M, Hassanian SM, Mobarhan MG, Ferns GA, Avan A, Khazaei M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1335-1345. [PMID: 38053355 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501264450231129042256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one the most lethal malignancies worldwide affecting around half a million individuals each year. The treatment of PC is relatively difficult due to the difficulty in making an early diagnosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional factor acting as both a tumor promoter in early cancer stages and a tumor suppressor in advanced disease. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand of programmed death-1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint receptor, allowing tumor cells to avoid elimination by immune cells. Recently, targeting the TGF-β signaling and PD-L1 pathways has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge regarding these pathways and their contribution to tumor development with a focus on PC. Moreover, we have reviewed the role of TGF-β and PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of various cancer types, including PC, and discussed the clinical trials evaluating TGF-β and PD-L1 antagonists in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Doctor, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Zafari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Velayati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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48
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Bharadwa KR, Dasgupta K, Narayana SM, Ramachandra C, Babu SM, Rangarajan A, Kumar RV. PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Indian Women with Breast Cancer. Eur J Breast Health 2022; 18:21-29. [DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.2021-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Molecular Pathways of Breast Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis: Exploratory Immunohistochemical Analysis from the Sclero-Breast Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122007. [PMID: 36556228 PMCID: PMC9780893 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several authors reported an increased risk of cancer in SSc patients, including breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this association have not yet been clarified. SSc and BC share several molecular pathways, which seem to play a common etiopathogenetic role. The previously published Sclero-Breast study demonstrated the development of BC with a good prognosis among these patients, which could be explained by an autoimmune background as a possible mechanism for limiting tumor extension. Here, we report the results of an IHC analysis of molecular pathways known to be common drivers for both diseases, with the aim to better define the mechanisms underlying a good prognosis of BC in patients affected by SSc. The analysis demonstrated higher TILs rates in all BC subgroups, with a high rate of PD-L1 expression especially in TNBC and HER2-positive BC, suggesting a less aggressive behavior in these patients compared to the general population. These results support a possible de-escalation strategy of cancer therapies in these fragile patients. These data could represent a starting point for future prospective studies based on the clinical application of these biomarkers with a larger sample size to promote a personalized and targeted oncological treatment for this specific subset of patients.
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Passalacqua MI, Rizzo G, Santarpia M, Curigliano G. 'Why is survival with triple negative breast cancer so low? insights and talking points from preclinical and clinical research'. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1291-1310. [PMID: 36522800 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2159805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer is typically related to poor prognosis, early metastasis, and high recurrence rate. Intrinsic and extrinsic biological features of TNBC and resistance mechanisms to conventional therapies can support its aggressive behavior, characterizing TNBC how extremely heterogeneous. Novel combination strategies are under investigation, including immunotherapeutic agents, anti-drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors, and various targeting agents, exploring, in the meanwhile, possible predictive biomarkers to correctly select patients for the optimal treatment for their specific subtype. AREAS COVERED This article examines the main malignity characteristics across different subtype, both histological and molecular, and the resistance mechanisms, both primary and acquired, to different drugs explored in the landscape of TNBC treatment, that lead TNBC to still has high mortality rate. EXPERT OPINION The complexity of TNBC is not only the main reason of its aggressivity, but its heterogeneity should be exploited in terms of therapeutics opportunities, combining agents with different mechanism of action, after a correct selection by biologic or molecular biomarkers. The main goal is to understand what TNBC really is and to act selectively on its characteristics, with a personalized anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ilenia Passalacqua
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Graziella Rizzo
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Ieo, European Institute of Oncology Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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