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Huang X, Wang M, Zhu B, Hao Y, Gao R, Liu W, Cheng J, Hua G, Xue C. Unraveling the Mechanism of Curculiginis Rhizoma in Suppressing Cisplatin Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Experimental Study. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:471-487. [PMID: 38895133 PMCID: PMC11182732 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s448636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies, and chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for advanced stages. However, the high expression of ABC binding cassette transporters, including MRP, P-gp, and LRP, along with multidrug resistance proteins, has been identified as a significant factor contributing to decreased chemotherapy drug sensitivity. This study aims to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of Curculiginis Rhizoma [Hypoxidaceae; Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.] (CR) in combination with cisplatin on improving chemoresistance mediated by ABC binding cassette transporters and multidrug resistance proteins in NSCLC. Methods and Results To unravel the relationship between JNK, MRP, P-gp, and LRP in NSCLC and gain insights into the regulatory mechanism of CR, this study employs an integrated approach encompassing bioinformatics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, animal and cellular experiments. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression levels of JNK, MRP, P-gp, and LRP subtypes in multidrug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Subsequent animal experiments have shown that the combination of CR with cisplatin can improve the survival rate of lung cancer mice. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analyses demonstrated favorable binding interactions between curculigoside and the aforementioned subtypes of JNK, MRP, P-gp, and LRP. In cellular experiments, the combination of cisplatin with both curculigoside and CR extract resulted in a notable decrease in cell viability and downregulation of the expression of JNK1, JNK2, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, P-gp, and LRP1 in A549/cis cells. Conclusion Remarkably, curculigoside exerted a significant downregulation effect on the expression levels of JNK1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, and LRP1. CR, particularly its main effective metabolite, curculigoside, has the potential to enhance the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to cisplatin by regulating levels of JNK/MRP/LRP/P-gp and mitigating multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baochen Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Cheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Hua
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmiao Xue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Krüger J, Fischer A, Breunig M, Allgöwer C, Schulte L, Merkle J, Mulaw MA, Okeke N, Melzer MK, Morgenstern C, Azoitei N, Seufferlein T, Barth TF, Siebert R, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. DNA methylation-associated allelic inactivation regulates Keratin 19 gene expression during pancreatic development and carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2023; 261:139-155. [PMID: 37555362 DOI: 10.1002/path.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the pancreas, Keratin 19 (KRT19) labels the ductal lineage and is a determinant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To investigate KRT19 expression dynamics, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based KRT19-mCherry reporter system in different genetic backgrounds to monitor KRT19 expression from its endogenous gene locus. A differentiation protocol to generate mature pancreatic duct-like organoids was applied. While KRT19/mCherry expression became evident at the early endoderm stage, mCherry signal was present in nearly all cells at the pancreatic endoderm (PE) and pancreatic progenitor (PP) stages. Interestingly, despite homogenous KRT19 expression, mCherry positivity dropped to 50% after ductal maturation, indicating a permanent switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression. DNA methylation profiling separated the distinct differentiation intermediates, with site-specific DNA methylation patterns occurring at the KRT19 locus during ductal maturation. Accordingly, the monoallelic switch was partially reverted upon treatment with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. In human PDAC cohorts, high KRT19 levels correlate with low locus methylation and decreased survival. At the same time, activation of oncogenic KRASG12D signalling in our reporter system reversed monoallelic back to biallelic KRT19 expression in pancreatic duct-like organoids. Allelic reactivation was also detected in single-cell transcriptomes of human PDACs, which further revealed a positive correlation between KRT19 and KRAS expression. Accordingly, KRAS mutant PDACs had higher KRT19 mRNA but lower KRT19 gene locus DNA methylation than wildtype counterparts. KRT19 protein was additionally detected in plasma of PDAC patients, with higher concentrations correlating with shorter progression-free survival in gemcitabine/nabPaclitaxel-treated and opposing trends in FOLFIRINOX-treated patients. Apart from being an important pancreatic ductal lineage marker, KRT19 appears tightly controlled via a switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression during ductal lineage entry and is aberrantly expressed after oncogenic KRASG12D expression, indicating a role in PDAC development and malignancy. Soluble KRT19 might serve as a relevant biomarker to stratify treatment. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Schulte
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nnamdi Okeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Morgenstern
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Fe Barth
- Department of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Yu KH, Cockrum P, Surinach A, Lamarre N, Wang S, O'Reilly EM. Prior irinotecan exposure does not preclude benefit to liposomal irinotecan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9496-9505. [PMID: 36934451 PMCID: PMC10166959 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subgroup analyses of the NAPOLI-1 study identified that among patients who were irinotecan naïve prior to entering the clinical trial, a survival benefit was observed between the study arm and control arm. This treatment benefit was not observed among those previously exposed to irinotecan. This study sought to understand the impact of prior exposure to irinotecan on clinical outcomes among patients treated with liposomal irinotecan in the real-world setting. METHODS This retrospective observational study utilized a nationwide electronic health record (EHR)-derived deidentified database. Data for adult patients with mPDAC treated with liposomal irinotecan-based regimens between January 2016 and October 2020 were analyzed. Patient characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. Cox proportional hazard methods were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). HRs were adjusted for demographics and relevant clinical covariates. RESULTS Six hundred and seventy-five patients with mPDAC treated with a liposomal irinotecan-based regimen were included. The unadjusted OS HR was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.6, p < 0.001) and unadjusted PFS was HR 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2-1.7, p < 0.001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the adjusted OS HR was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8-1.3, p = 0.8836) and the adjusted PFS HR was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8-1.4, p = 0.5626). CONCLUSIONS Prior irinotecan was not found to be a significant predictor of patient outcomes in those later treated with liposomal irinotecan. Thus, the results may inform the rationale for utilizing liposomal irinotecan combination therapy following prior irinotecan exposure in mPDAC, in particular where the prior irinotecan exposure was more distant in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shu Wang
- Genesis Research, Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Hwang WL, Jagadeesh KA, Guo JA, Hoffman HI, Yadollahpour P, Reeves JW, Mohan R, Drokhlyansky E, Van Wittenberghe N, Ashenberg O, Farhi SL, Schapiro D, Divakar P, Miller E, Zollinger DR, Eng G, Schenkel JM, Su J, Shiau C, Yu P, Freed-Pastor WA, Abbondanza D, Mehta A, Gould J, Lambden C, Porter CBM, Tsankov A, Dionne D, Waldman J, Cuoco MS, Nguyen L, Delorey T, Phillips D, Barth JL, Kem M, Rodrigues C, Ciprani D, Roldan J, Zelga P, Jorgji V, Chen JH, Ely Z, Zhao D, Fuhrman K, Fropf R, Beechem JM, Loeffler JS, Ryan DP, Weekes CD, Ferrone CR, Qadan M, Aryee MJ, Jain RK, Neuberg DS, Wo JY, Hong TS, Xavier R, Aguirre AJ, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Mino-Kenudson M, Castillo CFD, Liss AS, Ting DT, Jacks T, Regev A. Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptome profiling of pancreatic cancer identifies multicellular dynamics associated with neoadjuvant treatment. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1178-1191. [PMID: 35902743 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and treatment-refractory cancer. Molecular stratification in pancreatic cancer remains rudimentary and does not yet inform clinical management or therapeutic development. Here, we construct a high-resolution molecular landscape of the cellular subtypes and spatial communities that compose PDAC using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and whole-transcriptome digital spatial profiling (DSP) of 43 primary PDAC tumor specimens that either received neoadjuvant therapy or were treatment naive. We uncovered recurrent expression programs across malignant cells and fibroblasts, including a newly identified neural-like progenitor malignant cell program that was enriched after chemotherapy and radiotherapy and associated with poor prognosis in independent cohorts. Integrating spatial and cellular profiles revealed three multicellular communities with distinct contributions from malignant, fibroblast and immune subtypes: classical, squamoid-basaloid and treatment enriched. Our refined molecular and cellular taxonomy can provide a framework for stratification in clinical trials and serve as a roadmap for therapeutic targeting of specific cellular phenotypes and multicellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hwang
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karthik A Jagadeesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy A Guo
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah I Hoffman
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT MD/PhD and Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Payman Yadollahpour
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rahul Mohan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Orr Ashenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Denis Schapiro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George Eng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Su
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carina Shiau
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Yu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William A Freed-Pastor
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnav Mehta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Waldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lan Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toni Delorey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Devan Phillips
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jaimie L Barth
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Kem
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifton Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debora Ciprani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Roldan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Zelga
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vjola Jorgji
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zackery Ely
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay S Loeffler
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Liss
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Alfarouk KO, Cardone RA. Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2486. [PMID: 35626089 PMCID: PMC9139729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease. Even when surgery is possible, relapsesare frequent, andthe causes of this devastating picture are the low efficacy ofand early resistance to all known chemotherapeutic treatments. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the roots of this resistance in order to improve the benefits of therapy. PDAC chemoresistance is the final product of different, but to some extent, interconnected factors. Surgery, being the most adequate treatment for pancreatic cancer and the only one that in a few selected cases can achieve longer survival, is only possible in less than 20% of patients. Thus, the treatment burden relies on chemotherapy in mostcases. While the FOLFIRINOX scheme has a slightly longer overall survival, it also produces many more adverse eventsso that gemcitabine is still considered the first choice for treatment, especially in combination with other compounds/agents. This review discusses the multiple causes of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
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6
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Hadj Bachir E, Poiraud C, Paget S, Stoup N, El Moghrabi S, Duchêne B, Jouy N, Bongiovanni A, Tardivel M, Weiswald LB, Vandepeutte M, Beugniez C, Escande F, Leteurtre E, Poulain L, Lagadec C, Pigny P, Jonckheere N, Renaud F, Truant S, Van Seuningen I, Vincent A. A new pancreatic adenocarcinoma-derived organoid model of acquired chemoresistance to FOLFIRINOX: First insight of the underlying mechanisms. Biol Cell 2021; 114:32-55. [PMID: 34561874 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Although improvements have been made in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) during the past 20 years, the prognosis of this deadly disease remains poor with an overall 5-year survival under 10%. Treatment with FOLFIRINOX, a combined regimen of 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan (SN-38) and oxaliplatin, is nonetheless associated with an excellent initial tumour response and its use has allowed numerous patients to go through surgery while their tumour was initially considered unresectable. These discrepancies between initial tumour response and very low long-term survival are the consequences of rapidly acquired chemoresistance and represent a major therapeutic frontier. To our knowledge, a model of resistance to the combined three drugs has never been described due to the difficulty of modelling the FOLFIRINOX protocol both in vitro and in vivo. Patient-derived tumour organoids (PDO) are the missing link that has long been lacking in the wide range of epithelial cancer models between 2D adherent cultures and in vivo xenografts. In this work we sought to set up a model of PDO with resistance to FOLFIRINOX regimen that we could compare to the paired naive PDO. RESULTS We first extrapolated physiological concentrations of the three drugs using previous pharmacodynamics studies and bi-compartmental elimination models of oxaliplatin and SN-38. We then treated PaTa-1818x naive PDAC organoids with six cycles of 72 h-FOLFIRINOX treatment followed by 96 h interruption. Thereafter, we systematically compared treated organoids to PaTa-1818x naive organoids in terms of growth, proliferation, viability and expression of genes involved in cancer stemness and aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS We reproductively obtained resistant organoids FoxR that significantly showed less sensitivity to FOLFORINOX treatment than the PaTa-1818x naive organoids from which they were derived. Our resistant model is representative of the sequential steps of chemoresistance observed in patients in terms of growth arrest (proliferation blockade), residual disease (cell quiescence/dormancy) and relapse. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first genuine in vitro model of resistance to the three drugs in combined therapy. This new PDO model will be a great asset for the discovery of acquired chemoresistance mechanisms, knowledge that is mandatory before offering new therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Hadj Bachir
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charles Poiraud
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Paget
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Stoup
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Belinda Duchêne
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- UMS 2014 - US 41 - PLBS - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé, BioImaging Center Lille (BICeL), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- UMS 2014 - US 41 - PLBS - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé, BioImaging Center Lille (BICeL), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- UMS 2014 - US 41 - PLBS - Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie & Santé, BioImaging Center Lille (BICeL), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE "Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment", Normandie Univ, Caen, France.,Cancer Centre F. Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Marie Vandepeutte
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - César Beugniez
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabienne Escande
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Lille, Hormonology Metabolism Nutrition Oncology, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leteurtre
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE "Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment", Normandie Univ, Caen, France.,Cancer Centre F. Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Pigny
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Renaud
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stephanie Truant
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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7
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Sagar S, Leiphrakpam PD, Thomas D, McAndrews KL, Caffrey TC, Swanson BJ, Clausen H, Wandall HH, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P. MUC4 enhances gemcitabine resistance and malignant behaviour in pancreatic cancer cells expressing cancer-associated short O-glycans. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:91-102. [PMID: 33485947 PMCID: PMC7981252 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal. MUC4 (mucin4) is a heavily glycosylated protein aberrantly expressed in PDAC and promotes tumorigenesis via an unknown mechanism. To assess this, we genetically knocked out (KO) MUC4 in PDAC cells that did not express and did express truncated O-glycans (Tn/STn) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found that MUC4 knockout cells possess less tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, which was further reduced in PDAC cells that express aberrant overexpression of truncated O-glycans. Also, MUC4KO cells showed a further reduction of epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbB) and their downstream signaling pathways in truncated O-glycan expressing PDAC cells. Tn-MUC4 specific 3B11 antibody inhibited MUC4-induced ErbB receptor and its downstream signaling cascades. MUC4 knockout differentially regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in branched and truncated O-glycan expressing PDAC cells. Additionally, MUC4KO cells were found to be more sensitive to gemcitabine treatment. They possessed the upregulated expression of hENT1 and hCNT3 compared to parental cells, which were further affected in cells with aberrant O-glycosylation. Taken together, our results indicate that MUC4 enhances the malignant properties and gemcitabine resistance in PDAC tumors that aberrantly overexpress truncated O-glycans via altering ErbB/AKT signaling cascades and expression of nucleoside transporters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pramila D Leiphrakpam
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kyle L McAndrews
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Thomas C Caffrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin J Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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8
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Giannis D, Moris D, Barbas AS. Diagnostic, Predictive and Prognostic Molecular Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview for Clinicians. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051071. [PMID: 33802340 PMCID: PMC7959127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer-related cause of death in the United States and is usually asymptomatic in early stages. There is a scarcity of tests that facilitate early diagnosis or accurately predict the disease progression. To this end, biomarkers have been identified as important tools in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Despite the increasing number of biomarkers described in the literature, most of them have demonstrated moderate sensitivity and/or specificity and are far from being considered as screening tests. More efficient non-invasive biomarkers are needed to facilitate early-stage diagnosis and interventions. Multi-disciplinary collaboration might be required to facilitate the identification of such markers. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Most patients with PDAC present with an advanced disease stage and treatment-resistant tumors. The lack of noninvasive tests for PDAC diagnosis and survival prediction mandates the identification of novel biomarkers. The early identification of high-risk patients and patients with PDAC is of utmost importance. In addition, the identification of molecules that are associated with tumor biology, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential is crucial to predict survival and to provide patients with personalized treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current literature and focus on newer biomarkers, which are continuously added to the armamentarium of PDAC screening, predictive tools, and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-21-6571-6614
| | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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9
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Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer: Overview of Current Treatments and New Opportunities for Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040799. [PMID: 33672917 PMCID: PMC7918504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only treatment option for most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Currently, the median overall survival of patients with advanced disease rarely exceeds 1 year. The complex network of pancreatic cancer composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts confers intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity with distinct proliferative and metastatic propensity. This heterogeneity can explain why tumors do not behave uniformly and are able to escape therapy. The advance in technology of whole-genome sequencing has now provided the possibility of identifying every somatic mutation, copy-number change, and structural variant in a given cancer, giving rise to personalized targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the current and emerging treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer. By highlighting new paradigms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment, we hope to stimulate new thoughts for clinical trials aimed at improving patient outcomes.
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10
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Rong Z, Xu J, Shi S, Tan Z, Meng Q, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu X, Liang C. Circular RNA in pancreatic cancer: a novel avenue for the roles of diagnosis and treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2755-2769. [PMID: 33456571 PMCID: PMC7806488 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), an important cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is one of the most malignant cancers characterized by a dismal prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous ncRNAs with unique covalently closed loops, have attracted great attention in regard to various diseases, especially cancers. Compelling studies have suggested that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in different cancer tissues and cell types, including PC. More specifically, circRNAs can modify the proliferation, progression, tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity of PC, and some circRNAs could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we summarize what is currently known to be related to the biogenesis, functions and potential roles of human circRNAs in PC and their application prospects for PC clinical treatments.
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11
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Gao Z, Wu J, Wu X, Zheng J, Ou Y. SRPX2 boosts pancreatic cancer chemoresistance by activating PI3K/AKT axis. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:1072-1082. [PMID: 33336063 PMCID: PMC7718643 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim This investigation was aimed at disclosing whether SRPX2 affected pancreatic cancer (PC) chemoresistance by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Methods Totally 243 PC patients were recruited, and they were incorporated into partial remission (PR) group, stable disease (SD) group and progressive disease (PD) group in accordance with their chemotherapeutic response. PC cell lines (i.e. AsPC1, Capan2, VFPAC-1, HPAC, PANC-1, BxPC-3 and SW1990) and human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell lines (hTERT-HPNE) were also collected. Results PC patients of SD + PD group were associated with higher post-chemotherapeutic SRPX2 level than PR group, and their post-chemotherapeutic SRPX2 level was above the pretherapeutic SRPX2 level (P < 0.05). PR population showed lower SRPX2 level after chemotherapy than before chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Besides high serum SRPX2 level and SRPX2 level change before and after chemotherapy were independent predictors of poor PC prognosis. Additionally, si-SRPX2 enhanced chemosensitivity of PC cell lines, and expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR were suppressed by si-SRPX2 (P < 0.05). IGF-1 treatment could changeover the impact of si-SRPX2 on proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of PC cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion The SRPX2-PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis could play a role in modifying progression and chemoresistance of PC cells, which might help to improve PC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, China
| | - Jisong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, China
| | - Jialei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, China
| | - Yimei Ou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, China
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12
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Webster P, Saito K, Cortez J, Ramirez C, Baum MM. Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 Is Located on Microvilli of Vaginal Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20882-20889. [PMID: 32875223 PMCID: PMC7450627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transporters are specialized integral membrane proteins, which mediate the passage of virtually all molecules through cell membranes. They are expressed in a broad range of human and animal tissues and play important roles in both normal and disease states. For these reasons, they are evaluated when developing and testing drugs. Two major families of drug transporters, the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters (SLC), have critical roles in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. The SLC family contains known nucleoside transporters and therefore are important when nucleoside analogs are used as drugs to prevent or treat viral infections. In this study, we wanted to determine if it was possible to locate one member of the SLC family, the human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (CNT3) in human vaginal epithelial cells. The CNT3 protein has important roles in drug delivery, subsequent drug tissue distribution, and, hence, efficacy. Vaginal epithelial cells, taken from two human volunteers (one Caucasian and one African American), were labeled for light and electron microscopy, with a commercial antibody to a cytoplasmic domain of CNT3, the protein product of the SLC28A3 gene. Fluorescent secondary antibodies or protein A-gold were used to detect antibody binding. By electron microscopy, gold particle binding was quantified to determine labeling specificity. By light microscopy, positive labeling with anti-CNT3 antibodies was detected on human vaginal epithelial cells, but specificity to any intracellular structure was not easily determined, most likely a result of specimen preparation. Electron microscopy revealed that the CNT3 transporter protein was present predominantly on microvilli located on one side of some human vaginal epithelial cells. Quantification confirmed specific anti-CNT3 labeling over human vaginal epithelial cell microvilli. The CNT3 protein, present in the microvilli of human vaginal epithelial cells, may have a role in redistributing nucleoside homologues delivered to the vaginal tract. Transporter proteins such as CNT3 could shuttle nucleosides and their analogs through the vaginal epithelium to immune cells located in lower cell layers. Outer layers of cells, which are eventually shed from the epithelium, may remove accumulated nucleoside drug analogs from the vaginal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Webster
- Oak
Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Kaori Saito
- Oak
Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - John Cortez
- Oak
Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Christina Ramirez
- Los
Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, 16-035 Center for
Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, United States
| | - Marc M. Baum
- Oak
Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Avenue, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
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13
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Xu T, Wang M, Jiang L, Ma L, Wan L, Chen Q, Wei C, Wang Z. CircRNAs in anticancer drug resistance: recent advances and future potential. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:127. [PMID: 32799866 PMCID: PMC7429705 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a novel class of RNA molecules with a unique closed continuous loop structure. CircRNAs are abundant in eukaryotic cells, have unique stability and tissue specificity, and can play a biological regulatory role at various levels, such as transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Numerous studies have indicated that circRNAs serve a crucial purpose in cancer biology. CircRNAs regulate tumor behavioral phenotypes such as proliferation and migration through various molecular mechanisms, such as miRNA sponging, transcriptional regulation, and protein interaction. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that they are also deeply involved in resistance to anticancer drugs, from traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs. This review is the first to summarize the latest research on circRNAs in anticancer drug resistance based on drug classification and to discuss their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinnan Chen
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan road 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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14
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Nanoparticle delivery of a pH-sensitive prodrug of doxorubicin and a mitochondrial targeting VES-H 8R 8 synergistically kill multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8726. [PMID: 32457422 PMCID: PMC7251113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle in cancer treatment while being heavily dependent on mitochondrial activity and drug efflux. We previously demonstrated that cationic lipids, such as the vitamin E succinate modified octahistidine-octaarginine (VES-H8R8) conjugate, target mitochondria, resulting in depolarized mitochondria and inhibited drug efflux in MDR breast cancer cells. We hypothesized that the effective cell uptake, efflux inhibition, and mitochondrial depolarization properties of VES-H8R8 would synergistically enhance the toxicity of a pH-sensitive prodrug of doxorubicin (pDox) when co-encapsulated in nanoparticles (NPs). pDox was successfully synthesized and validated for pH-sensitive release from NPs under lysosome-mimicking, acidic conditions. The synergistic effect of VES-H8R8 and pDox was confirmed against MDR breast cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, synergism was only observed when VES-H8R8 and pDox were co-encapsulated in a single nanoparticulate system. The synergistic mechanism was investigated, confirming superior pDox uptake and retention, Pgp efflux inhibition, mitochondrial depolarization, and enhanced induction of ROS, and apoptosis. This work demonstrates the translational potential of doubly-loaded NPs co-encapsulating pDox with VES-H8R8 to synergistically kill MDR breast cancer cells.
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15
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MCM2 and NUSAP1 Are Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8604340. [PMID: 32420375 PMCID: PMC7206867 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8604340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of PC, the prognosis of patients with PC is poor. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. First, the original data of three independent mRNA expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the R software. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for hub genes. The hub genes were analyzed for genetic variations, as well as for survival, prognostic, and diagnostic value, using the cBioPortal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases and the pROC package. After screening for potential biomarkers, the mRNA and protein levels of the biomarkers were verified at the tissue and cellular levels using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, GEPIA, and the Human Protein Atlas. As a result, a total of 248 DEGs were identified. The GO terms enriched in DEGs were related to the separation of mitotic sister chromatids and the binding of the spindle to the extracellular matrix. The enriched pathways were associated with focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. The top 20 genes were selected from the PPI network as hub genes, and based on the analysis of multiple databases, MCM2 and NUSAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. In conclusion, our results show that MCM2 and NUSAP1 can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. The study also provides new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PC.
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16
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Liberelle M, Jonckheere N, Melnyk P, Van Seuningen I, Lebègue N. EGF-Containing Membrane-Bound Mucins: A Hidden ErbB2 Targeting Pathway? J Med Chem 2020; 63:5074-5088. [PMID: 32027502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of large O-glycoproteins involved in numerous cancers and inflammatory diseases of the epithelium. Some of them are also involved in protein-protein interactions, with receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, and fundamental and clinical data showed that these complexes have a detrimental impact on cancer outcome, thus raising interest in therapeutic targeting. This paper aims to demonstrate that MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, and MUC17 have a common evolutionary origin and share a common structural organization with EGF-like and SEA domains. Theoretical structure-function relationship analysis of the conserved domains indicated that the studied membrane-bound mucins share common biological properties along with potential specific functions. Finally, the potential druggability of these complexes is discussed, revealing ErbB2-related pathways of cell signaling to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Liberelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, UMR-S1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
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17
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Jeyaraman S, Hanif EAM, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R, Abu N. Circular RNAs: Potential Regulators of Treatment Resistance in Human Cancers. Front Genet 2020; 10:1369. [PMID: 32047511 PMCID: PMC6997550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) which were once considered as "junk" are now in the spotlight as a potential player in regulating human diseases, especially cancer. With the development of high throughput technologies in recent years, the full potential of circRNAs is being uncovered. CircRNAs possess some unique characteristics and advantageous properties that could benefit medical research and clinical applications. CircRNAs are stable with covalently closed loops that are resistant to ribonucleases, have disease stage-specific expressions and are selectively abundant in different types of tissues. Interestingly, the presence of circRNAs in different types of treatment resistance in human cancers was recently observed with the involvement of a few key pathways. The activation of certain pathways by circRNAs may give new insights to treatment resistance management. The potential usage of circRNAs from this aspect is very much in its infancy stage and has not been fully validated. This mini-review attempts to highlight the possible role of circRNAs as regulators of treatment resistance in human cancers based on its intersection molecules and cancer-related regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivapriya Jeyaraman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Cervenkova L, Vycital O, Bruha J, Rosendorf J, Palek R, Liska V, Daum O, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Soucek P. Protein expression of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 associates with prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19782. [PMID: 31874997 PMCID: PMC6930301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters translocate diverse substances across cellular membranes and their deregulation may cause drug resistance of cancers. This study investigated significance of protein expression and cellular localization of the previously suggested putative prognostic markers ABCC2 and SLC22A3 in pancreatic cancer patients. Protein localization and brush border staining intensity of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 was assessed in tumor tissue blocks of 65 pancreatic cancer patients and associated with clinical data and survival of patients with regard to therapy. Negative SLC22A3 brush border staining in pancreatic tumors significantly increased the risk of both disease progression and patient´s death in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses confirmed the association of SLC22A3 expression with progression-free survival of patients. A subgroup analysis of patients treated with regimens based on nucleoside analogs suggested that patients with negative brush border staining or apical localization of SLC22A3 in tumor cells have worse overall survival. The combination of positive ABCC2 and negative SLC22A3 brush border staining predicted worst overall survival and patients with positive brush border staining of both proteins had best overall and progression-free survival. The present study shows for the first time that the protein presence and to some extent also localization of SLC22A3 significantly associate with prognosis of pancreatic cancer in both unstratified and chemotherapy-treated patients. The combination of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 brush border staining also needs further attention in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Cervenkova
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vycital
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bruha
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Palek
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Daum
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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19
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Rice A, Del Rio Hernandez A. The Mutational Landscape of Pancreatic and Liver Cancers, as Represented by Circulating Tumor DNA. Front Oncol 2019; 9:952. [PMID: 31608239 PMCID: PMC6769086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutational landscapes of pancreatic and liver cancers share many common genetic alterations which drive cancer progression. However, these mutations do not occur in all cases of these diseases, and this tumoral heterogeneity impedes diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic development. One minimally invasive method for the evaluation of tumor mutations is the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), released through apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion by tumor cells into various body fluids. By observing mutations in those genes which promote transformation by controlling the cell cycle and oncogenic signaling pathways, a representation of the mutational profile of the tumor is revealed. The analysis of ctDNA is a promising technique for investigating these two gastrointestinal cancers, as many studies have reported on the accuracy of ctDNA assessment for diagnosis and prognosis using a variety of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Zeng S, Pöttler M, Lan B, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Yang H. Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184504. [PMID: 31514451 PMCID: PMC6770382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), generally known as pancreatic cancer (PC), ranks the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. While the incidence of pancreatic cancer is displaying a rising tendency every year, the mortality rate has not decreased significantly because of late diagnosis, early metastasis, and limited reaction to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection is typically the preferred option to treat early pancreatic cancer. Although 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel can profoundly improve the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer, the development of chemoresistance still leads to poor clinical outcomes. Chemoresistance is multifactorial as a result of the interaction among pancreatic cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, more pancreatic cancer patients will benefit from precision treatment and targeted drugs. Therefore, we outline new perspectives for enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine after reviewing the related factors of gemcitabine metabolism, mechanism of action, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marina Pöttler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Ram Makena M, Gatla H, Verlekar D, Sukhavasi S, K Pandey M, C Pramanik K. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: The Culprit in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4242. [PMID: 31480221 PMCID: PMC6747343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is responsible for 7.3% of all cancer deaths. Even though there is a steady increase in patient survival for most cancers over the decades, the patient survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains low with current therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls the maintenance of somatic stem cells in many tissues and organs and is implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Further, dysregulated Wnt has been shown to cause drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Although different Wnt antagonists are effective in pancreatic patients, limitations remain that must be overcome to increase the survival benefits associated with this emerging therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer and suggested future directions to enhance the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Himavanth Gatla
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dattesh Verlekar
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sahithi Sukhavasi
- Center for Distance Learning, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA.
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22
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Hsu MC, Pan MR, Chu PY, Tsai YL, Tsai CH, Shan YS, Chen LT, Hung WC. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 3 Enhances Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer by Methylating hnRNPA1 to Increase ABCG2 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010008. [PMID: 30577570 PMCID: PMC6356582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is poorly responsive to chemotherapy due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. Our previous study showed that epigenetic modifying enzymes including protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) are dysregulated in gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Here, we attempt to elucidate the role of PRMT3 in chemoresistance. Overexpression of PRMT3 led to increased resistance to GEM in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas reduction of PRMT3 restored GEM sensitivity in resistant cells. We identified a novel PRMT3 target, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), which is known to play a critical role in drug resistance. PRMT3 overexpression upregulated ABCG2 expression by increasing its mRNA stability. Mass spectrometric analysis identified hnRNPA1 as a PRMT3 interacting protein, and methylation of hnRNPA1 at R31 by PRMT3 in vivo and in vitro. The expression of methylation-deficient hnRNPA1-R31K mutant reduced the RNA binding activity of hnRNPA1 and the expression of ABCG2 mRNA. Taken together, this provides the first evidence that PRMT3 methylates the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of hnRNPA1 and promotes the binding between hnRNPA1 and ABCG2 to enhance drug resistance. Inhibition of PRMT3 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Li Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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23
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Shao F, Huang M, Meng F, Huang Q. Circular RNA Signature Predicts Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 29922161 PMCID: PMC5996282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine resistance is currently the main problem of chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer patients. The resistance is thought to be caused by altered drug metabolism or reduced apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, we established Gemcitabine resistant PANC-1 (PANC-1-GR) cell lines and compared the circular RNAs (circRNAs) profiles between PANC-1 cells and PANC-1-GR cells by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed circRNAs were demonstrated using scatter plot and cluster heatmap analysis. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to systemically map the genes which are functionally associated to those differentially expressed circRNAs identified from our data. The expression of the differentially expressed circRNAs picked up by RNAseq in PANC-1-GR cells was further validated by qRT-PCR and two circRNAs were eventually identified as the most distinct targets. Consistently, by analyzing plasma samples form pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, the two circRNAs showed more significant expression in the Gemcitabine non-responsive patients than the responsive ones. In addition, we found that silencing of the two circRNAs could restore the sensitivity of PANC-1-GR cells to Gemcitabine treatment, while over-expression of them could increase the resistance of normal PANC-1 and MIA PACA-2 cells, suggesting that they might serve as drug targets for Gemcitabine resistance. Furthermore, the miRNA interaction networks were also explored based on the correlation analysis of the target microRNAs of these two circRNAs. In conclusion, we successfully established new PANC-1-GR cells, systemically characterized the circRNA and miRNA profiles, and identified two circRNAs as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for Gemcitabine non-responsive PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Futao Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
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24
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The Ever-Evolving Concept of the Cancer Stem Cell in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020033. [PMID: 29373514 PMCID: PMC5836065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is the 4th most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide, primarily due to the inherent chemoresistant nature and metastatic capacity of this tumor. The latter is believed to be mainly due to the existence of a subpopulation of highly plastic “stem”-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been shown to have unique metabolic, autophagic, invasive, and chemoresistance properties that allow them to continuously self-renew and escape chemo-therapeutic elimination. As such, current treatments for the majority of PDAC patients are not effective and do not significantly impact overall patient survival (<7 months) as they do not affect the pancreatic CSC (PaCSC) population. In this context, it is important to highlight the need to better understand the characteristics of the PaCSC population in order to develop new therapies to target these cells. In this review, we will provide the latest updates and knowledge on the inherent characteristics of PaCSCs, particularly their unique biological properties including chemoresistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, plasticity, metabolism and autophagy.
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25
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Amrutkar M, Gladhaug IP. Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E157. [PMID: 29144412 PMCID: PMC5704175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Duan Q, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Li H, Wu H, Shen Q, Wang C, Yin T. Mechanistic Evaluation and Translational Signature of Gemcitabine-induced Chemoresistance by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Analysis with iTRAQ Labeling Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12891. [PMID: 29018223 PMCID: PMC5634998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main causations of the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is the lack of effective chemotherapies. Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but limited therapeutic efficacy is achieved due to chemoresistance. Recent studies demonstrated that the presence of cancer stem cells may lead to the failure of chemotherapy. Moreover, gemcitabine can promote the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. We detected the alterations in protein phosphorylation and signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells after gemcitabine treatment using iTRAQ labeling LC-MS/MS, because it was featured with the advantages of strong separation ability and analysis range. A total of 232 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in this study. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that nuclear lumen, nuclear part and organelle lumen were enriched for cell components and protein binding, poly (A) RNA binding and RNA binding were enriched for molecular function. A variety of signaling pathways were enriched based on KEGG analysis. AMPK, mTOR and PI3K/Akt pathways were verified after gemcitabine exposure. Moreover, we found there were complex interactions of phosphorylated proteins in modulating cancer stemness induced by gemcitabine exposure based on PPIs map. Our experiments may identify potential targets and strategies for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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27
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Hesler RA, Huang JJ, Starr MD, Treboschi VM, Bernanke AG, Nixon AB, McCall SJ, White RR, Blobe GC. TGF-β-induced stromal CYR61 promotes resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through downregulation of the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1041-1051. [PMID: 27604902 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer in part due to inherent resistance to chemotherapy, including the first-line drug gemcitabine. Although low expression of the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3 that mediate cellular uptake of gemcitabine has been linked to gemcitabine resistance, the mechanisms regulating their expression in the PDAC tumor microenvironment are largely unknown. Here, we report that the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) negatively regulates the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CYR61 increased expression of hENT1 and hCNT3, increased cellular uptake of gemcitabine and sensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. In PDAC patient samples, expression of hENT1 and hCNT3 negatively correlates with expression of CYR61 . We demonstrate that stromal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a source of CYR61 within the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces the expression of CYR61 in PSCs through canonical TGF-β-ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling. Activation of TGF-β signaling or expression of CYR61 in PSCs promotes resistance to gemcitabine in PDAC cells in an in vitro co-culture assay. Our results identify CYR61 as a TGF-β-induced stromal-derived factor that regulates gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC and suggest that targeting CYR61 may improve chemotherapy response in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark D Starr
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebekah R White
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, B354 LSRC Research Drive , Box 91004, Durham, NC 27708 , USA
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
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28
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Kanhaiya K, Czeizler E, Gratie C, Petre I. Controlling Directed Protein Interaction Networks in Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10327. [PMID: 28871116 PMCID: PMC5583175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control theory is a well-established approach in network science, with applications in bio-medicine and cancer research. We build on recent results for structural controllability of directed networks, which identifies a set of driver nodes able to control an a-priori defined part of the network. We develop a novel and efficient approach for the (targeted) structural controllability of cancer networks and demonstrate it for the analysis of breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. We build in each case a protein-protein interaction network and focus on the survivability-essential proteins specific to each cancer type. We show that these essential proteins are efficiently controllable from a relatively small computable set of driver nodes. Moreover, we adjust the method to find the driver nodes among FDA-approved drug-target nodes. We find that, while many of the drugs acting on the driver nodes are part of known cancer therapies, some of them are not used for the cancer types analyzed here; some drug-target driver nodes identified by our algorithms are not known to be used in any cancer therapy. Overall we show that a better understanding of the control dynamics of cancer through computational modelling can pave the way for new efficient therapeutic approaches and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanhaiya
- Computational Biomodeling Laboratory, Turku Centre for Computer Science, and Department of Computer Science, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Eugen Czeizler
- Computational Biomodeling Laboratory, Turku Centre for Computer Science, and Department of Computer Science, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
- National Institute for Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Gratie
- Computational Biomodeling Laboratory, Turku Centre for Computer Science, and Department of Computer Science, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Ion Petre
- Computational Biomodeling Laboratory, Turku Centre for Computer Science, and Department of Computer Science, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland.
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29
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Zhu WJ, Chen X, Wang YW, Liu HT, Ma RR, Gao P. MiR-1268b confers chemosensitivity in breast cancer by targeting ERBB2-mediated PI3K-AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89631-89642. [PMID: 29163776 PMCID: PMC5685697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance represents a major obstacle to effective therapy for breast cancer. Emerging evidences associated aberrantly expressed miRNAs with tumor development and chemoresistance. MiR-1268b has never been studied in any cancers before, and its roles in mediating tumor progression and drug resistance are still unclear. Selected from miRNA microarray and confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), miR-1268b was found to be significantly upregulated in drug sensitive and ERBB2 negative tissues, as well as in breast cancer patients with low clinical stage. And miR-1268b had a higher expression in chemosensitive breast cancer cell lines, compared with the chemoresistant cell line. Moreover, the results revealed that miR-1268b induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and increased cell chemosensitivity. ERBB2 was demonstrated to be the target gene of miR-1268b by dual-luciferase reporter assays, western blot, and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, PI3KCA, AKT, BCL2 in the ERBB2-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were found to be downstream effectors of miR-1268b. In conclusion, miR-1268b increased chemosensitivity, at least in part, via modulation of PI3K-AKT pathway by targeting ERBB2. MiR-1268b may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ran-Ran Ma
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Elaskalani O, Razak NBA, Falasca M, Metharom P. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 9:37-41. [PMID: 28144398 PMCID: PMC5241525 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v9.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses among all cancers due to the late manifestation of identifiable symptoms and high resistance to chemo- and radiation therapies. In recent years, a cancer development phase termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has gained increasing research focus. The process is implicated in tumour metastasis, and emerging evidence suggests EMT also contributes or induces chemoresistance in several cancers. Nevertheless, the applicability of therapeutic targeting of EMT faces many challenges. In this mini-review, we summarise the evidence supporting the role of EMT in pancreatic cancer progression, focusing particularly on its association with chemoresistance.
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Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezaei-Tavirani S, Ahmadi N, Naderi N, Abdi S. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma protein-protein interaction network analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2017; 10:S85-S92. [PMID: 29511477 PMCID: PMC5838186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gene assessment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma disease via protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network Analysis. BACKGROUND Diagnosis, especially early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a lethal disease implies more investigation. PPI Network Analysis is a suitable tool to discover new aspects of molecular mechanism of diseases. METHODS In the present study the related genes to pancreatic adenocarcinoma are studied in the interactome unit and the key genes are highlighted. The significant clusters were introduced by Cluster-ONE application of Cytoscape software 3.4.0. The genes are retrieved from STRING date base and analyzed by Cytoscape software. The crucial genes based on analysis of central parameters were determined and enriched by ClueGO v2.3.5 via gene ontology. RESULTS The number of 24 key genes among 794 initial genes were highlighted as crucial nodes in relationship with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. All of the key genes were organized in a cluster including 216 nodes. The main related pathways and cancer diseases were determined. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the introduced 24 genes are possible biomarker panel of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Naderi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abdi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Yang X, Palasuberniam P, Myers KA, Wang C, Chen B. Her2 oncogene transformation enhances 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX production and photodynamic therapy response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57798-57810. [PMID: 27527860 PMCID: PMC5295390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production in tumors derived from the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) enables the use of ALA as a prodrug for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence-guided tumor resection. Although ALA has been successfully used in the clinic, the mechanism underlying enhanced ALA-induced PpIX production in tumors is not well understood. Human epidermal growth receptor 2 (Her2, Neu, ErbB2) is a driver oncogene in human cancers, particularly breast cancers. Here we showed that, in addition to activating Her2/Neu cell signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and upregulating glycolytic enzymes, transfection of NeuT (a mutated Her2/Neu) oncogene in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells significantly enhanced ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence by elevating some enzymes involved in PpIX biosynthesis. Furthermore, NeuT-transformed and vector control cells exhibited drastic differences in the intracellular localization of PpIX, either produced endogenously from ALA or applied exogenously. In vector control cells, PpIX displayed a cell contact-dependent membrane localization at high cell densities and increased mitochondrial localization at low cell densities. In contrast, no predominant membrane localization of PpIX was observed in NeuT cells and ALA-induced PpIX showed a consistent mitochondrial localization regardless of cell density. PDT with ALA caused significantly more decrease in cell viability in NeuT cells than in vector cells. Our data demonstrate that NeuT oncogene transformation enhanced ALA-induced PpIX production and altered PpIX intracellular localization, rendering NeuT-transformed cells increased response to ALA-mediated PDT. These results support the use of ALA for imaging and photodynamic targeting Her2/Neu-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pratheeba Palasuberniam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mining for Candidate Genes Related to Pancreatic Cancer Using Protein-Protein Interactions and a Shortest Path Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:623121. [PMID: 26613085 PMCID: PMC4647023 DOI: 10.1155/2015/623121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor derived from pancreas tissue and is one of the leading causes of death from cancer. Its molecular mechanism has been partially revealed by validating its oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; however, the available data remain insufficient for medical workers to design effective treatments. Large-scale identification of PC-related genes can promote studies on PC. In this study, we propose a computational method for mining new candidate PC-related genes. A large network was constructed using protein-protein interaction information, and a shortest path approach was applied to mine new candidate genes based on validated PC-related genes. In addition, a permutation test was adopted to further select key candidate genes. Finally, for all discovered candidate genes, the likelihood that the genes are novel PC-related genes is discussed based on their currently known functions.
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