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Augmented CPT1A Expression Is Associated with Proliferation and Colony Formation during Barrett’s Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911745. [PMID: 36233047 PMCID: PMC9570428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) and the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The mechanisms by which obesity contributes to GERD, BE and its progression are currently not well understood. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism especially in the context of a high fat diet have been linked to GERD and BE leading us to explore whether fatty acid oxidation plays a role in the disease progression from GERD to esophageal adenocarcinoma. To that end, we analyzed the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme, carnitine palmytoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), in human tissues and cell lines representing different stages in the sequence from normal squamous esophagus to cancer. We determined uptake of palmitic acid, the most abundant fatty acid in human serum, with fluorescent dye-labeled lipids as well as functional consequences of stimulation with palmitic acid relevant to Barrett’s tumorigenesis, e.g., proliferation, characteristics of stemness and IL8 mediated inflammatory signaling. We further employed different mouse models including a genetic model of Barrett’s esophagus based on IL1β overexpression in the presence and absence of a high fat diet and deoxycholic acid to physiologically mimic gastrointestinal reflux in the mice. Together, our data demonstrate that CPT1A is upregulated in Barrett’s tumorigenesis and that experimental palmitic acid is delivered to mitochondria and associated with increased cell proliferation and stem cell marker expression.
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Alfarouk KO, Cardone RA. Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2486. [PMID: 35626089 PMCID: PMC9139729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease. Even when surgery is possible, relapsesare frequent, andthe causes of this devastating picture are the low efficacy ofand early resistance to all known chemotherapeutic treatments. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the roots of this resistance in order to improve the benefits of therapy. PDAC chemoresistance is the final product of different, but to some extent, interconnected factors. Surgery, being the most adequate treatment for pancreatic cancer and the only one that in a few selected cases can achieve longer survival, is only possible in less than 20% of patients. Thus, the treatment burden relies on chemotherapy in mostcases. While the FOLFIRINOX scheme has a slightly longer overall survival, it also produces many more adverse eventsso that gemcitabine is still considered the first choice for treatment, especially in combination with other compounds/agents. This review discusses the multiple causes of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
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Patient-derived tumor models are attractive tools to repurpose drugs for ovarian cancer treatment: Pre-clinical updates. Oncotarget 2022; 13:553-575. [PMID: 35359749 PMCID: PMC8959092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of ovarian cancer biology, the progress in translation of research findings into new therapies is still slow. It is associated in part with limitations of commonly used cancer models such as cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models that lack proper representation of diversity and complexity of actual human tumors. In addition, the development of de novo anticancer drugs is a lengthy and expensive process. A promising alternative to new drug development is repurposing existing FDA-approved drugs without primary oncological purpose. These approved agents have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology and could be approved as anticancer drugs quicker and at lower cost. To successfully translate repurposed drugs to clinical application, an intermediate step of pre-clinical animal studies is required. To address challenges associated with reliability of tumor models for pre-clinical studies, there has been an increase in development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), which retain key characteristics of the original patient’s tumor, including histologic, biologic, and genetic features. The expansion and utilization of clinically and molecularly annotated PDX models derived from different ovarian cancer subtypes could substantially aid development of new therapies or rapid approval of repurposed drugs to improve treatment options for ovarian cancer patients.
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Wang Y, Yi J, Liu X. Roles of Dclk1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer: A review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:13-19. [PMID: 34937474 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with significantly increased incidence and poor prognosis. Its extremely poor prognosis is generally attributed to its early invasion and metastasis as well as the presence of chemotherapy resistance, which may be related to the potential role of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) has been recognized to be a marker of CSCs in PC, showing intimate association with its occurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED A review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of Dclk1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in PC. EXPERT OPINION Searching for potential key biomarkers for PC has been an urgent issue to be addressed. The expression of Dclk1 is increasing in PC, and its effect is linked to the mutant Kras, supporting that it may be a potential new target. Therefore, it highlights Dclk1 as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Izzotti A, Balansky R, Micale RT, Pulliero A, La Maestra S, De Flora S. Modulation of smoke-induced DNA and microRNA alterations in mouse lung by licofelone, a triple COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:91-99. [PMID: 31562745 PMCID: PMC7456342 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process and, in particular, in smoking-related carcinogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents provide an interesting perspective in the prevention of smoking-associated cancers. Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), licofelone is a triple inhibitor of both cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) that has shown some encouraging results in cancer prevention models. We previously showed that the dietary administration of licofelone, starting after weanling, to Swiss H mice exposed for 4 months to mainstream cigarette smoke since birth attenuated preneoplastic lesions of inflammatory nature in both lung and urinary tract, and had some effects on the yield of lung tumors at 7.5 months of age. The present study aimed at evaluating the early modulation by licofelone of pulmonary DNA and RNA alterations either in smoke-free or smoke-exposed H mice after 10 weeks of exposure. Licofelone protected the mice from the smoke-induced loss of body weight and significantly attenuated smoke-induced nucleotide alterations by decreasing the levels of bulky DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in mouse lung. Moreover, the drug counteracted dysregulation by smoke of several pulmonary microRNAs involved in stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogene suppression. However, even in smoke-free mice administration of the drug had significant effects on a broad panel of microRNAs and, as assessed in a subset of mice used in a parallel cancer chemoprevention study, licofelone even enhanced the smoke-induced systemic genotoxic damage after 4 months of exposure. Therefore, caution should be paid when administering licofelone to smokers for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna T Micale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Mohammed A, Fox JT, Miller MS. Cancer Chemoprevention: Preclinical In Vivo Alternate Dosing Strategies to Reduce Drug Toxicities. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:251-259. [PMID: 31020311 PMCID: PMC6657562 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemopreventive agents inhibit the formation of precursor lesions and/or the progression of these lesions to late stage disease. This approach to disease control has the potential to reduce the physical and financial costs of cancer in society. Several drugs that have been approved by the FDA for other diseases and have been extensively evaluated for their safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics have the potential to be repurposed for use as cancer chemopreventive agents. These agents often mechanistically inhibit signaling molecules that play key roles in the carcinogenic process. The safety profile of agents is a primary concern when considering the administration of drugs for chemoprevention, as the drugs will be given chronically to high-risk, asymptomatic individuals. To decrease drug toxicity while retaining efficacy, several approaches are currently being explored. In this short review, we describe studies that use preclinical in vivo models to assess efficacy of alternative drug dosing strategies and routes of drug administration on chemopreventive drug efficacy. In vivo drug dosing strategies that reduce toxicity while retaining efficacy will pave the way for future cancer prevention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Mohammed A, Janakiram NB, Suen C, Stratton N, Lightfoot S, Singh A, Pathuri G, Ritchie R, Madka V, Rao CV. Targeting cholecystokinin-2 receptor for pancreatic cancer chemoprevention. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1908-1918. [PMID: 31313401 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin signaling mediated through cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) and its downstream molecules is altered in pancreatic cancer. CCK2R antagonists, YF476 (netazepide) and JNJ-26070109, were tested systematically for their effect on pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in KrasG12D mice. After dose selection using wild-type mice, six-week-old p48Cre/+ -LSL-KrasG12D (22-24 per group) genetically engineered mice (GEM) were fed AIN-76A diets containing 0, 250, or 500 ppm JNJ-26070109 or YF-476 for 38 weeks. At termination, pancreata were collected, weighed, and evaluated for PanINs and PDAC. Results demonstrated that control-diet-fed mice showed 69% (males) and 33% (females) incidence of PDAC. Administration of low and high dose JNJ-26070109 inhibited the incidence of PDAC by 88% and 71% (P < .004) in male mice and by 100% and 24% (P > .05) in female mice, respectively. Low and high dose YF476 inhibited the incidence of PDAC by 74% (P < .02) and 69% (P < .02) in male mice and by 45% and 33% (P > .05) in female mice, respectively. Further, transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of Cldn1, Sstr1, Apod, Gkn1, Siglech, Cyp2c44, Bnc1, Fmo2, 623169, Kcne4, Slc27a6, Cma1, Rho GTPase activating protein 18, and Gpr85 genes in JNJ-26070109-treated mice compared with untreated mice. YF476-treated mouse pancreas showed downregulation of Riks, Zpbp, Ntf3, Lrrn4, Aass, Skint3, Kcnb1, Dgkb, Ddx60, and Aspn gene expressions compared with untreated mouse pancreas. Overall, JNJ-26070109 showed better chemopreventive efficacy than YF476. However, caution is recommended when selecting doses, as the agents appeared to exhibit gender-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chen Suen
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole Stratton
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stanley Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anil Singh
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rebekah Ritchie
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Khader S, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Exploring Signaling Pathways and Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Approaches Using Genetic Models. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1112-1125. [PMID: 30924420 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190327163644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite available treatment options, the overall survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients remain dismal. Multiple counter-regulatory pathways have been identified and shown to be involved in interfering with the efficacy of therapeutic agents. In addition, various known genetic alterations in the cellular signaling pathways have been implicated in affecting the growth and progression of pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, the significance of other unknown pathways is yet to be explored, which provides the rationale for the intervention of new approaches. Several experimental genetic models have been explored to define the impact of key signaling cascades, and their mechanisms in the pathophysiology as well as treatment approaches of pancreatic cancer. The current review highlights the recent updates, and significance of such genetic models in the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor agents including the standard chemotherapeutic agents, natural products, cell signaling inhibitors, immunebased therapies and the combination of these approaches in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorooq Khader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45345, United States
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45345, United States
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45345, United States
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Nevo S, Kadouri N, Abramson J. Tuft cells: From the mucosa to the thymus. Immunol Lett 2019; 210:1-9. [PMID: 30904566 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are epithelial chemosensory cells with unique morphological and molecular characteristics, the most noticeable of which is a tuft of long and thick microvilli on their apical side, as well as expression of a very distinct set of genes, including genes encoding various members of the taste transduction machinery and pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenases. Initially discovered in rat trachea, tuft cells were gradually identified in various mucosal tissues, and later also in non-mucosal tissues, most recent of which is the thymus. Although tuft cells were discovered more than 60 years ago, their functions in the various tissues remained a mystery until recent years. Today, tuft cells are thought to function as sensors of various types of chemical signals, to which they respond by secretion of diverse biological mediators such as IL25 or acetylcholine. Intestinal tuft cells were also shown to mediate type 2 immunity against parasites. Here, we review the current knowledge on tuft cell characteristics, development and heterogeneity, discuss their potential functions and explore the possible implications and significance of their discovery in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Zhu XC, Zhang T. Antitumor mechanisms of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:2029-2035. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i35.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids, as the metabolic product of arachidonic acid, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and lipoxygenase (LOX) are two key enzymes that mediate the metabolism of arachidonic acid. So far, great progress has been made on the research of COX-2 and prostaglandins, and it has been demonstrated that they can induce the imbalance between cell growth and apoptosis as well as tumor angiogenesis. LOX and its metabolites, such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and leukotriene (LT), have received more and more attention for their role in tumor development. Research has proved that LT-B4 and 5-HETE participate in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors. Therefore, COX and LOX dual inhibitors prove a new approach to anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cummings M, Massey KA, Mappa G, Wilkinson N, Hutson R, Munot S, Saidi S, Nugent D, Broadhead T, Wright AI, Barber S, Nicolaou A, Orsi NM. Integrated eicosanoid lipidomics and gene expression reveal decreased prostaglandin catabolism and increased 5-lipoxygenase expression in aggressive subtypes of endometrial cancer. J Pathol 2018; 247:21-34. [PMID: 30168128 DOI: 10.1002/path.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids comprise a diverse group of bioactive lipids which orchestrate inflammation, immunity, and tissue homeostasis, and whose dysregulation has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Among the various eicosanoid metabolic pathways, studies of their role in endometrial cancer (EC) have very much been confined to the COX-2 pathway. This study aimed to determine changes in epithelial eicosanoid metabolic gene expression in endometrial carcinogenesis; to integrate these with eicosanoid profiles in matched clinical specimens; and, finally, to investigate the prognostic value of candidate eicosanoid metabolic enzymes. Eicosanoids and related mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in fresh frozen normal, hyperplastic, and cancerous (types I and II) endometrial specimens (n = 192). Sample-matched epithelia were isolated by laser capture microdissection and whole genome expression analysis was performed using microarrays. Integration of eicosanoid and gene expression data showed that the accepted paradigm of increased COX-2-mediated prostaglandin production does not apply in EC carcinogenesis. Instead, there was evidence for decreased PGE2 /PGF2α inactivation via 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) in type II ECs. Increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) mRNA was also identified in type II ECs, together with proportional increases in its product, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Decreased HPGD and elevated ALOX5 mRNA expression were associated with adverse outcome, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tissue microarray analysis of an independent series of EC specimens (n = 419). While neither COX-1 nor COX-2 protein expression had prognostic value, low HPGD combined with high ALOX5 expression was associated with the worst overall and progression-free survival. These findings highlight HPGD and ALOX5 as potential therapeutic targets in aggressive EC subtypes. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cummings
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen A Massey
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Georgia Mappa
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Nafisa Wilkinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Hutson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarika Munot
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sam Saidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David Nugent
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy Broadhead
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander I Wright
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stuart Barber
- Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Lu X, Huang L, Zhang W, Ning X. Tepoxalin a dual 5-LOX-COX inhibitor and erlotinib an EGFR inhibitor halts progression of gastric cancer in tumor xenograft mice. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3847-3856. [PMID: 30662635 PMCID: PMC6291731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
GC is associated with over expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX). We postulated that targeting these pathways will result in better treatment efficacy than using a single agent with higher dose which may cause toxicity and resistance. We evaluated Tepoxalin (TPX) a dual 5-LOX-COX inhibitor and Erlotinib (ERB) an EGFR inhibitor alone and combination in MGC-803 injected tumor xenografts mice. Female nude mice were selected and injected subcutaneously with MGC-803 GC cells and were grouped after the tumor model was formed. The treatment of TPX, ERB and their combination was given for 21 days. After treatment protocol proliferating index was measured, expression of apoptosis related proteins, 5-LOX, COX-2, EGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and density of lymphatic vessel density was evaluated in tumor tissues. TUNEL assay was done for apoptosis. The outcomes of study revealed that TPX and ERB alone inhibited the growth of tumor but their combination showed a synergistic antitumor activity. TPX and ERB alone resulted in apoptosis and antiproliferative effect, whereas their combination showed highly significant results (P<0.01). TPX alone and its combination with ERB suppressed 5-LOX, COX-2, EGFR and VEGF-C and caused inhibition of lymphangiogenesis, however ERB alone was unable to affect expression of VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis. The results confirmed combination of TPX and ERB produced a synergistic anticancer and antitumor activity, possibly by promoting apoptosis and antiproliferative effect on tumor cells via suppressing expression of COX-2, 5-LOX, EGFR and VEGF-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Lunhua Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining 272029, Shandong, China
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13
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Moriya C, Imai K, Taniguchi H. PRDM14 is overexpressed in chronic pancreatitis prior to pancreatic cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1733-1741. [PMID: 30338223 PMCID: PMC6168686 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer that is typically diagnosed at a later stage with metastases and is difficult to treat. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of PDAC initiation is important to aid early‐stage cancer detection. PRDM14 is a transcription factor that maintains pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is overexpressed in several cancers. We previously reported that PRDM14 is overexpressed and regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes in PDAC, and herein, we assess whether PRDM14 expression increases prior to tumorigenesis. Through immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical tissues, we detected PRDM14‐positive cells in precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic pancreatitis, which is a risk factor for PDAC, lesions. PRDM14 staining in chronic pancreatitis was as high as that in PDAC and cancer adjacent tissues. We induced pancreatitis in mouse models by cerulein injection, and observed that PRDM14 expression increased in chronic pancreatitis models but not in control or acute pancreatitis mice. Moreover, cerulein treatment increased PRDM14 expression in PK‐1 and AsPC‐1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that inflammation increases the expression of PRDM14, which regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes, and this occurs prior to PDAC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Moriya
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
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14
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Subramaniam D, Kaushik G, Dandawate P, Anant S. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Chemoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:2585-2594. [PMID: 28137215 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170127095832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in United States. Regardless of the advances in molecular pathogenesis and consequential efforts to suppress the disease, this cancer remains a major health problem in United States. By 2030, the projection is that pancreatic cancer will be climb up to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly invasive and highly metastatic cancer, and does not respond to standard therapies. Emerging evidence supports that the presence of a unique population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) as potential cancer inducing cells and efforts are underway to develop therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. CSCs are rare quiescent cells, and with the capacity to self-renew through asymmetric/symmetric cell division, as well as differentiate into various lineages of cells in the cancer. Studies have been shown that CSCs are highly resistant to standard therapy and also responsible for drug resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis. To overcome this problem, we need novel preventive agents that target these CSCs. Natural compounds or phytochemicals have ability to target these CSCs and their signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of pancreatic CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that target these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenol EGCG (epigallocatechin- 3-gallate), crocetinic acid, sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, vitamin E δ- tocotrienol, Plumbagin, quercetin, triptolide, Licofelene and Quinomycin. These natural compounds or phytochemicals, which inhibit cancer stem cells may prove to be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Surgery, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
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15
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Hirst J, Pathak HB, Hyter S, Pessetto ZY, Ly T, Graw S, Koestler DC, Krieg AJ, Roby KF, Godwin AK. Licofelone Enhances the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer by Reversing Drug Resistance and Tumor Stem-like Properties. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4370-4385. [PMID: 29891506 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug development for first-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been stagnant for almost three decades. Traditional cell culture methods for primary drug screening do not always accurately reflect clinical disease. To overcome this barrier, we grew a panel of EOC cell lines in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to form multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). We characterized these MCTS for molecular and cellular features of EOC and performed a comparative screen with cells grown using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to identify previously unappreciated anticancer drugs. MCTS exhibited greater resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, showed signs of senescence and hypoxia, and expressed a number of stem cell-associated transcripts including ALDH1A and CD133, also known as PROM1 Using a library of clinically repurposed drugs, we identified candidates with preferential activity in MCTS over 2D cultured cells. One of the lead compounds, the dual COX/LOX inhibitor licofelone, reversed the stem-like properties of ovarian MCTS. Licofelone also synergized with paclitaxel in ovarian MCTS models and in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Importantly, the combination of licofelone with paclitaxel prolonged the median survival of mice (>141 days) relative to paclitaxel (115 days), licofelone (37 days), or vehicle (30 days). Increased efficacy was confirmed by Mantel-Haenszel HR compared with vehicle (HR = 0.037) and paclitaxel (HR = 0.017). These results identify for the first time an unappreciated, anti-inflammatory drug that can reverse chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, highlighting the need to clinically evaluate licofelone in combination with first-line chemotherapy in primary and chemotherapy-refractory EOC.Significance: This study highlights the use of an in vitro spheroid 3D drug screening model to identify new therapeutic approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4370-85. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Hirst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephen Hyter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ziyan Y Pessetto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Thuc Ly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stefan Graw
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Adam J Krieg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Katherine F Roby
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. .,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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16
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Eibl G, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Korc M, Petrov MS, Goodarzi MO, Fisher WE, Habtezion A, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Hart PA, Andersen DK. Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:555-567. [PMID: 28919082 PMCID: PMC5845842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest types of cancer. The worldwide estimates of its incidence and mortality in the general population are eight cases per 100,000 person-years and seven deaths per 100,000 person-years, and they are significantly higher in the United States than in the rest of the world. The incidence of this disease in the United States is more than 50,000 new cases in 2017. Indeed, total deaths due to PDAC are projected to increase dramatically to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030. Considering the failure to date to efficiently treat existing PDAC, increased effort should be undertaken to prevent this disease. A better understanding of the risk factors leading to PDAC development is of utmost importance to identify and formulate preventive strategies. Large epidemiologic and cohort studies have identified risk factors for the development of PDAC, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review highlights the current knowledge of obesity and type 2 diabetes as risk factors for PDAC development and progression, their interplay and underlying mechanisms, and the relation to diet. Research gaps and opportunities to address this deadly disease are also outlined.
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17
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Di Martile M, Desideri M, De Luca T, Gabellini C, Buglioni S, Eramo A, Sette G, Milella M, Rotili D, Mai A, Carradori S, Secci D, De Maria R, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. Histone acetyltransferase inhibitor CPTH6 preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11332-48. [PMID: 26870991 PMCID: PMC4905477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the thiazole derivative 3-methylcyclopentylidene-[4-(4′-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (CPTH6), a novel pCAF and Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, as a small molecule that preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Notably, although CPTH6 inhibits the growth of both LCSC and NSCLC cell lines, LCSCs exhibit greater growth inhibition than established NSCLC cells. Growth inhibitory effect of CPTH6 in LCSC lines is primarily due to apoptosis induction. Of note, differentiated progeny of LCSC lines is more resistant to CPTH6 in terms of loss of cell viability and reduction of protein acetylation, when compared to their undifferentiated counterparts. Interestingly, in LCSC lines CPTH6 treatment is also associated with a reduction of stemness markers. By using different HAT inhibitors we provide clear evidence that inhibition of HAT confers a strong preferential inhibitory effect on cell viability of undifferentiated LCSC lines when compared to their differentiated progeny. In vivo, CPTH6 is able to inhibit the growth of LCSC-derived xenografts and to reduce cancer stem cell content in treated tumors, as evidenced by marked reduction of tumor-initiating capacity in limiting dilution assays. Strikingly, the ability of CPTH6 to inhibit tubulin acetylation is also confirmed in vivo. Overall, our studies propose histone acetyltransferase inhibition as an attractive target for cancer therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa De Luca
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Director, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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18
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Kawamura D, Takemoto Y, Nishimoto A, Ueno K, Hosoyama T, Shirasawa B, Tanaka T, Kugimiya N, Harada E, Hamano K. Enhancement of cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine by Dclk1 inhibition through suppression of Chk1 phosphorylation in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3238-3244. [PMID: 29048622 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gemcitabine (GEM) is frequently used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, the effects are limited. To increase the inhibitory effect of GEM, the identification of a molecular target is needed. Recent studies have revealed that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) positively regulates tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), pluripotency, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, Dclk1 is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. However, the Dclk1-signaling pathway including its substrate proteins remains to be elucidated. To identify the candidate substrate proteins phosphorylated by Dclk1, we performed a cancer-related phosphorylated protein microarray using Dclk1-inhibited MIA Paca2 cells. Expression levels of phosphorylated cdc25A (p-cdc25A) and phosphorylated Chk1 (p-Chk1), belonging to the ATR pathway, were decreased by treatment with Dclk1 inhibitor LRRK2-IN-1 (LRRK), indicating Dclk1 involvement in the ATR pathway. Consistent with this finding, the GEM-induced p-Chk1 expression was significantly decreased by treatment with LRRK. Notably, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK allowed cell cycle progression without arresting at S phase, while individual treatment with GEM induced cell cycle arrest at S phase. In addition, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK increased the number of γ-H2AX-positive cells compared with that upon individual treatments. Moreover, LRRK alone, and combined treatment with GEM and LRRK, induced caspase-3 activation and PARP1 cleavage, in contrast to treatment with GEM alone. Finally, combined treatment with GEM and LRRK significantly reduced cell survival compared to individual treatment with GEM. These results indicate that Dclk1 inhibition in combination with GEM treatment offers a novel approach to treat pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kawamura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takemoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Arata Nishimoto
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirasawa
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naruji Kugimiya
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Eijiro Harada
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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19
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Huang CF, Chen L, Li YC, Wu L, Yu GT, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:116. [PMID: 28865486 PMCID: PMC5581464 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a danger signal sensor that triggers and coordinates the inflammatory response. However, the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer stem cells (CSCs) of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remain ambiguous. Methods In our study, tissue microarrays, ELISA, sphere-forming assay, colony formation assay and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on the development of CSCs in human SCCHN tissue specimen, cell lines, and transgenic mouse SCCHN model. Results The components of NLRP3 inflammasome, namely, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-18 were correlated with CSCs markers BMI1, ALDH1 and CD44 in human SCCHN specimens. Moreover, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were highly expressed in SCCHN cell lines. NLRP3 inflammasome activated by LPS and ATP promoted sphere-forming and colony formation capacities along with an upregulation of BMI1, ALDH1 and CD44. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome blockade by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 reduced sphere and colony number, also decreased the expression of BMI1, ALDH1 and CD44 in SCCHN cell lines. Expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, BMI1, ALDH1 and CD44 was upregulated in Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mouse SCCHN model, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression was closely related to those CSCs makers in mice SCCHN. However, MCC950 treatment reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, CSCs markers BMI1, ALDH1 and CD44 in Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mice SCCHN. In addition, blockade of NLRP3 inflammasome can also delayed the tumor-burdened speed in SCCHN mice. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that NLRP3 inflammasome was upregulated and associated with the carcinogenesis and CSCs self-renewal activation in SCCHN. NLRP3 inflammasome can be a potential target in the development of novel approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0589-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Fa Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Cun Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Dai JJ, Jiang MJ, Wang XP, Tian L. Inflammation-Related Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Potentials in Advances. Pancreas 2017; 46:973-985. [PMID: 28796135 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered critical in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and recently studies showed that some anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin could potentially be used to attenuate pancreatic carcinogenesis. Several inflammation-related critical transcription factors and pathways such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) and reactive oxygen species have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, its underlying mechanisms are far from clear, which largely limits further development of potential anticarcinogenesis drugs. As a result, it is of great importance for us to better understand and gain a better perspective in inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent advances concerning inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and brought out the possible underlying mechanisms. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory agents have also been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Dai
- From the *Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, †Institute of Translational Medicine, and ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zeleniak AE, Huang W, Brinkman MK, Fishel ML, Hill R. Loss of MTSS1 results in increased metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16473-16487. [PMID: 28146435 PMCID: PMC5369978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year survival rate of 7%. This dismal prognosis is largely due to the inability to diagnose the disease before metastasis occurs. Tumor cell dissemination occurs early in PDAC. While it is known that inflammation facilitates this process, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this progression have not been fully characterized. Here, we functionally test the role of metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) in PDAC. Despite evidence showing that MTSS1 could be important for regulating metastasis in many different cancers, its function in PDAC has not been studied. Here, we show that loss of MTSS1 leads to increased invasion and migration in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, PDAC cells treated with cancer-associated fibroblast-conditioned media also have increased metastatic potential, which is augmented by loss of MTSS1. Finally, overexpression of MTSS1 in PDAC cell lines leads to a loss of migratory potential in vitro and an increase in overall survival in vivo. Collectively, our data provide insight into an important role for MTSS1 in suppressing tumor cell invasion and migration driven by the tumor microenvironment and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing MTSS1 levels may effectively slow the development of metastatic lesions, increasing survival of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Zeleniak
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary K Brinkman
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reginald Hill
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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22
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Bryant T, Ritchie R, Stratton N, Jackson L, Lightfoot S, Benbrook DM, Asch AS, Lang ML, Rao CV. Loss of natural killer T cells promotes pancreatic cancer in LSL-Kras G12D/+ mice. Immunology 2017; 152:36-51. [PMID: 28419443 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the unique T-cell population, natural killer T (NKT) cells, which have similar functions to NK cells in pancreatic cancer (PC), is not yet evaluated. To address the regulatory roles of NKT cells on tumour progression through tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) and their production of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in (Kras)-driven pancreatic tumour (KPT) progression, we crossed CD1d-/- mice deficient in both invariant and variant NKT cells with the KrasG12D mice. Loss of NKT cells significantly increased pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and also increased 5-LOX and mPGES-1 expression in M2-type macrophages and cancer stem-like cells in pancreatic tumours. Pharmacological inhibition of mPGES-1 and 5-LOX in M2 macrophages with specific inhibitor YS-121 in KPT-CD1d-/- mice decreased PanIN lesions and suppressed tumour growth in association with elevated levels of active CD8a cells. Hence, NKT cells regulate PC by modulating TAMs (M2) through mPGES-1 and 5-LOX; and the absence of NKT cells leads to aggressive development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Taylor Bryant
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebekah Ritchie
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole Stratton
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lydgia Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Doris M Benbrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam S Asch
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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23
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Pereira-Leite C, Nunes C, Jamal SK, Cuccovia IM, Reis S. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:802-859. [PMID: 28005273 DOI: 10.1002/med.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against inflammation, pain, and fever has been supporting their worldwide use in the treatment of painful conditions and chronic inflammatory diseases until today. However, the long-term therapy with NSAIDs was soon associated with high incidences of adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the search for novel drugs with improved safety has begun with COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) being straightaway developed and commercialized. Nevertheless, the excitement has fast turned to disappointment when diverse coxibs were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity. Such events have once again triggered the emergence of different strategies to overcome NSAIDs toxicity. Here, an integrative review is provided to address the breakthroughs of two main approaches: (i) the association of NSAIDs with protective mediators and (ii) the design of novel compounds to target downstream and/or multiple enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. To date, just one phosphatidylcholine-associated NSAID has already been approved for commercialization. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far indicate that both strategies may improve the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira-Leite
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah K Jamal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iolanda M Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Ponnurangam S, Dandawate PR, Dhar A, Tawfik OW, Parab RR, Mishra PD, Ranadive P, Sharma R, Mahajan G, Umar S, Weir SJ, Sugumar A, Jensen RA, Padhye SB, Balakrishnan A, Anant S, Subramaniam D. Quinomycin A targets Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3217-32. [PMID: 26673007 PMCID: PMC4823101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) appear to explain many aspects of the neoplastic evolution of tumors and likely account for enhanced therapeutic resistance following treatment. Dysregulated Notch signaling, which affects CSCs plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression. We have determined the ability of Quinomycin to inhibit CSCs and the Notch signaling pathway. Quinomycin treatment resulted in significant inhibition of proliferation and colony formation in pancreatic cancer cell lines, but not in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Moreover, Quinomycin affected pancreatosphere formation. The compound also decreased the expression of CSC marker proteins DCLK1, CD44, CD24 and EPCAM. In addition, flow cytometry studies demonstrated that Quinomycin reduced the number of DCLK1+ cells. Furthermore, levels of Notch 1–4 receptors, their ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1, DLL3, DLL4 and the downstream target protein Hes-1 were reduced. The γ-secretase complex proteins, Presenilin 1, Nicastrin, Pen2, and APH-1, required for Notch activation also exhibited decreased expression. Ectopic expression of the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) partially rescued the cells from Quinomycin mediated growth suppression. To determine the effect of Quinomycin on tumor growth in vivo, nude mice carrying tumor xenografts were administered Quinomycin intraperitoneally every day for 21 days. Treatment with the compound significantly inhibited tumor xenograft growth, coupled with significant reduction in the expression of CSC markers and Notch signaling proteins. Together, these data suggest that Quinomycin is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic cancer that targets the stem cells by inhibiting Notch signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Ponnurangam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Animesh Dhar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ossama W Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rajiv Sharma
- Piramal Life Sciences Inc, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Girish Mahajan
- Piramal Life Sciences Inc, Goregaon East, Mumbai 400063, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Aravind Sugumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | | | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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Leal AS, Sporn MB, Pioli PA, Liby KT. The triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide reduces immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion in the KrasG12D;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:1170-1179. [PMID: 27659181 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains under 10%, new drugs are needed for the prevention and treatment of this devastating disease. Patients with chronic pancreatitis have a 12-fold higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. LSL-KrasG12D/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KC) mice replicate the genetics, symptoms and histopathology found in human pancreatic cancer. Immune cells infiltrate into the pancreas of these mice and produce inflammatory cytokines that promote tumor growth. KC mice are particularly sensitive to the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as only 48% of KC mice survived an LPS challenge while 100% of wildtype (WT) mice survived. LPS also increased the percentage of CD45+ immune cells in the pancreas and immunosuppressive Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the spleen of these mice. The triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) not only reduced the lethal effects of LPS (71% survival) but also decreased the infiltration of CD45+ cells into the pancreas and the percentage of Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the spleen of KC mice 4-8 weeks after the initial LPS challenge. While the levels of inflammatory cytokine levels were markedly higher in KC mice versus WT mice challenged with LPS, CDDO-Im significantly decreased the production of IL-6, CCL-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and G-CSF in the KC mice. All of these cytokines are prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer or play important roles in the progression of this disease. Disrupting the inflammatory process with drugs such as CDDO-Im might be useful for preventing pancreatic cancer, especially in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Leal
- Department of Pharmacology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA and
| | - Michael B Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Patricia A Pioli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA, .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA and
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26
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Huang F, Wang BR, Wu YQ, Wang FC, Zhang J, Wang YG. Oncolytic viruses against cancer stem cells: A promising approach for gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7999-8009. [PMID: 27672294 PMCID: PMC5028813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has been one of the five most commonly diagnosed and leading causes of cancer mortality over the past few decades. Great progress in traditional therapies has been made, which prolonged survival in patients with early cancer, yet tumor relapse and drug resistance still occurred, which is explained by the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory. Oncolytic virotherapy has attracted increasing interest in cancer because of its ability to infect and lyse CSCs. This paper reviews the basic knowledge, CSC markers and therapeutics of gastrointestinal cancer (liver, gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer), as well as research advances and possible molecular mechanisms of various oncolytic viruses against gastrointestinal CSCs. This paper also summarizes the existing obstacles to oncolytic virotherapy and proposes several alternative suggestions to overcome the therapeutic limitations.
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27
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute sponsored the Pancreatic Cancer Chemoprevention Translational Workshop on September 10 to 11, 2015. The goal of the workshop was to obtain information regarding the current state of the science and future scientific areas that should be prioritized for pancreatic cancer prevention research, including early detection and intervention for high-risk precancerous lesions. The workshop addressed the molecular/genetic landscape of pancreatic cancer and precursor lesions, high-risk populations and criteria to identify a high-risk population for potential chemoprevention trials, identification of chemopreventative/immunopreventative agents, and use of potential biomarkers and imaging for assessing short-term efficacy of a preventative agent. The field of chemoprevention for pancreatic cancer is emerging, and this workshop was organized to begin to address these important issues and promote multi-institutional efforts in this area. The meeting participants recommended the development of an National Cancer Institute working group to coordinate efforts, provide a framework, and identify opportunities for chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer.
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28
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Lee WY, Lee WT, Cheng CH, Chen KC, Chou CM, Chung CH, Sun MS, Cheng HW, Ho MN, Lin CW. Repositioning antipsychotic chlorpromazine for treating colorectal cancer by inhibiting sirtuin 1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27580-95. [PMID: 26363315 PMCID: PMC4695010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating existing drugs for repositioning can enable overcoming bottlenecks in the drug development process. Here, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) and identified its potential for treating colorectal cancer (CRC). Human CRC cell lines harboring different p53 statuses were used to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of CPZ. CPZ effectively inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in CRC cells in a p53-dependent manner. Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was crucial for CPZ-induced p53 expression and the subsequent induction of tumor apoptosis. Induction of p53 acetylation at lysine382 was involved in CPZ-mediated tumor apoptosis, and this induction was attenuated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase. By contrast, knocking down SIRT1 sensitized tumor cells to CPZ treatment. Moreover, CPZ induced the degradation of SIRT1 protein participating downstream of JNK, and JNK suppression abrogated CPZ-mediated SIRT1 downregulation. Clinical analysis revealed a significant association between high SIRT1 expression and poor outcome in CRC patients. These data suggest that SIRT1 is an attractive therapeutic target for CRC and that CPZ is a potential repositioned drug for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Theng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hung Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Siou Sun
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ni Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Westphalen CB, Quante M, Wang TC. Functional implication of Dclk1 and Dclk1-expressing cells in cancer. Small GTPases 2016; 8:164-171. [PMID: 27458755 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1208792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin like kinase protein 1 (Dclk1) is a microtubule-associated protein with C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. Originally designated Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like 1 protein (Dcamkl1) or KIAA0369, Dclk1 was first described as a marker for radial glia cells in the context of microtubule polymerization and neuronal migration, possibly contributing to early neurogenesis. Additionally, Dclk1 was proposed as a marker of quiescent gastrointestinal and pancreatic stem cells, but in recent years has been recognized as a marker for tuft cells in the gastrointestinal tract. While Dclk1+ tuft cells are now considered as niche or sensory cells in the normal gut, growing evidence supports a role for Dclk1 function in a variety of malignancies, modulating the activity of multiple key pathways, including Kras signaling. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding of the importance of Dclk1 function in tumorigenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benedikt Westphalen
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- b Department of Internal Medicine II , Klinikum rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- c Divison of Digestive and Liver Disease , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,d Herberg Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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30
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Li J, Luo M, Wang Y, Shang B, Dong L. Celecoxib suppresses fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1345-52. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Madka V, Kumar G, Rao CV. Prevention and treatment of cancers by immune modulating nutrients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1275-94. [PMID: 26833775 PMCID: PMC6038926 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory data support the protective effects of bioactive nutrients in our diets for various diseases. Along with various factors, such as genetic history, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and dietary choices play a vital role in affecting an individual's immune responses toward a transforming cell, by either preventing or accelerating a neoplastic transformation. Ample evidence suggests that dietary nutrients control the inflammatory and protumorigenic responses in immune cells. Immunoprevention is usually associated with the modulation of immune responses that help in resolving the inflammation, thus improving clinical outcome. Various metabolic pathway-related nutrients, including glutamine, arginine, vitamins, minerals, and long-chain fatty acids, are important components of immunonutrient mixes. Epidemiological studies related to these substances have reported different results, with no or minimal effects. However, several studies suggest that these nutrients may have immune-modulating effects that may lower cancer risk. Preclinical studies submit that most of these components may provide beneficial effects. The present review discusses the available data, the immune-modulating functions of these nutrients, and how these substances could be used to study immune modulation in a neoplastic environment. Further research will help to determine whether the mechanistic signaling pathways in immune cells altered by nutrients can be exploited for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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32
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Kumar G, Patlolla JMR, Madka V, Mohammed A, Li Q, Zhang Y, Biddick L, Singh A, Gillaspy A, Lightfoot S, Steele VE, Kopelovich L, Rao CV. Simultaneous targeting of 5-LOX-COX and ODC block NNK-induced lung adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma in A/J mice. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:894-909. [PMID: 27293987 PMCID: PMC4889708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Targeting complementary pathways will achieve better treatment efficacy than a single agent high-dose strategy that could increase risk of side effects and tumor resistance. To target COX-2, 5-LOX, and ODC simultaneously, we tested the effects of a dual 5-LOX-COX inhibitor, licofelone, and an ODC inhibitor, DFMO, alone and in combination, on NNK-induced lung tumors in female A/J mice. Seven-week-old mice were treated with NNK (10 μmol/mouse, single dose, i.p.) and randomized to different treatment groups. Three weeks after injection, mice were fed control or experimental diets (DFMO 1500/3000 ppm, licofelone 200/400 ppm, or a low-dose combination of 1500 ppm DFMO and 200 ppm licofelone) for 17 or 34 weeks. Both agents significantly inhibited tumor formation in a dose-dependent manner. As anticipated more adenomas and adenocarcinomas were observed at 17 and 34 weeks, respectively. Importantly, low dose combination of DFMO and licofelone showed more pronounced effects at 17 or 34 weeks in inhibiting the total tumor formation (~60%, p < 0.0001) and adenocarcinoma (~65%, p < 0.0001) compared to individual high dose of DFMO (~44% and 46%, p < 0.0001) and licofelone (~48% and 55%, p < 0.0001). DFMO and combination-treated mice lung tumors exhibited modulated ODC pathway components (Oat, Oaz, SRM, SMS, and SAT, p < 0.05) along with decreased proliferation (PCNA, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A) and increased expression of p53, p21 and p27 compared to mice fed control diet. Both DFMO and licofelone significantly inhibited tumor inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that a low-dose combined treatment targeting inflammation and polyamine synthesis may provide effective chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jagan Mohan R Patlolla
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Laura Biddick
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anil Singh
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Allison Gillaspy
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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33
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Rao CV, Janakiram NB, Madka V, Devarkonda V, Brewer M, Biddick L, Lightfoot S, Steele VE, Mohammed A. Simultaneous targeting of 5-LOX-COX and EGFR blocks progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:33290-305. [PMID: 26429877 PMCID: PMC4741766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) are over-expressed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, we show significant increase in COX-2, 5-LOX, and EGFR expression during PDAC progression. Targeting complementary pathways will achieve better treatment efficacy than a single agent high-dose strategy that could increase risk of side effects and tumor resistance. To target COX-2, 5-LOX, and EGFR simultaneously, we tested effects of licofelone (dual 5-LOX-COX inhibitor), and gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor), individually and in combination, on pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and their progression to PDAC using genetically engineered mice. Individually, licofelone (L) and gefitinib (G) significantly inhibited incidence of PDAC in male (72% L, 90% G, p < 0.0001) and female (90% L, 85% G, p < 0.0001) mice. The combination drug treatment produced complete inhibition of PDAC in both genders. Pancreata of mice receiving combination treatment showed significantly fewer Dclk1-positive cancer stem-like cells, inhibition of COX-2, 5-LOX, PCNA, EGFR and β-catenin expression (p < 0.05-0.0002), increased p21 expression. Significant changes in tumor immune responses and desmoplastic reaction was observed by NGS analysis in combination treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, early simultaneous targeting of 5-LOX-COX- and EGFR pathways may provide additive inhibitory effects leading to complete suppression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vishal Devarkonda
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Misty Brewer
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Laura Biddick
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vernon E. Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Zhi X, Chen W, Xue F, Liang C, Chen BW, Zhou Y, Wen L, Hu L, Shen J, Bai X, Liang T. OSI-027 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine both in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26230-41. [PMID: 26213847 PMCID: PMC4694897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its relative rarity, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for a large percentage of cancer deaths. In this study, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of OSI-027, a selective inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, to treat PDAC cell lines alone, and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM). Similarly, we tested the efficacy of these two compounds in a xenograft mouse model of PDAC. OSI-027 significantly arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, inhibited the proliferation of Panc-1, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1 cells, and downregulated mTORC1, mTORC2, phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-4E-BP1, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in these cells. Moreover, OSI-027 also downregulated multidrug resistance (MDR)-1, which has been implicated in chemotherapy resistance in PDAC cells and enhanced apoptosis induced by GEM in the three PDAC cell lines. When combined, OSI-027 with GEM showed synergistic cytotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first evidence of the efficacy of OSI-027 in PDAC and may provide the groundwork for a new clinical PDAC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Multiprotein Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Bryan Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
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35
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Mohammed A, Janakiram NB, Pant S, Rao CV. Molecular Targeted Intervention for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1499-542. [PMID: 26266422 PMCID: PMC4586783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the worst cancers, with almost uniform lethality. PC risk is associated with westernized diet, tobacco, alcohol, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and family history of pancreatic cancer. New targeted agents and the use of various therapeutic combinations have yet to provide adequate treatments for patients with advanced cancer. To design better preventive and/or treatment strategies against PC, knowledge of PC pathogenesis at the molecular level is vital. With the advent of genetically modified animals, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of PC. Currently, several clinical trials and preclinical evaluations are underway to investigate novel agents that target signaling defects in PC. An important consideration in evaluating novel drugs is determining whether an agent can reach the target in concentrations effective to treat the disease. Recently, we have reported evidence for chemoprevention of PC. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current updates on molecularly targeted interventions, as well as dietary, phytochemical, immunoregulatory, and microenvironment-based approaches for the development of novel therapeutic and preventive regimens. Special attention is given to prevention and treatment in preclinical genetically engineered mouse studies and human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Shubham Pant
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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