1
|
Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Carnero A. SPINOPHILIN: a multiplayer tumor suppressor. Genes Dis 2022; 10:187-198. [PMID: 37013033 PMCID: PMC10066247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SPINOPHILIN (SPN, PPP1R9B or NEURABIN-2) is a multifunctional protein that regulates protein-protein interactions in different cell signaling pathways. SPN is also one of the regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), implicated in the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) during cell cycle. The SPN gene has been described as a tumor suppressor in different human tumor contexts, in which low levels of SPN are correlated with a higher grade and worse prognosis. In addition, mutations of the SPN protein have been reported in human tumors. Recently, an oncogenic mutation of SPN, A566V, was described, which affects both the SPN-PP1 interaction and the phosphatase activity of the holoenzyme, and promotes p53-dependent tumorigenesis by increasing the cancer stem cell (CSC) pool in breast tumors. Thus, the loss or mutation of SPN could be late events that promotes tumor progression by increasing the CSC pool and, eventually, the malignant behavior of the tumor.
Collapse
|
2
|
Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Carnero A. Role of the Holoenzyme PP1-SPN in the Dephosphorylation of the RB Family of Tumor Suppressors During Cell Cycle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092226. [PMID: 34066428 PMCID: PMC8124259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell cycle progression is highly regulated by modulating the phosphorylation status of retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins. This process is controlled by a balance in the action of kinases, such as the complexes formed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, and phosphatases, mainly the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). However, while the phosphorylation of the RB family has been largely studied, its dephosphorylation is less known. Recently, the PP1-Spinophilin (SPN) holoenzyme has been described as the main phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of RB proteins during the G0/G1 transition and at the end of G1. Here, we describe the regulation of the phosphorylation status of RB family proteins, giving importance not only to their inactivation by phosphorylation but also to their dephosphorylation to restore the cell cycle. Abstract Cell cycle progression is highly regulated by modulating the phosphorylation status of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and the other two members of the RB family, p107 and p130. This process is controlled by a balance in the action of kinases, such as the complexes formed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, and phosphatases, mainly the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). However, while the phosphorylation of the RB family has been largely studied, its dephosphorylation is less known. Phosphatases are holoenzymes formed by a catalytic subunit and a regulatory protein with substrate specificity. Recently, the PP1-Spinophilin (SPN) holoenzyme has been described as the main phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of RB proteins during the G0/G1 transition and at the end of G1. Moreover, SPN has been described as a tumor suppressor dependent on PP1 in lung and breast tumors, where it promotes tumorigenesis by increasing the cancer stem cell pool. Therefore, a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology has also been proposed via SPN/PP1/RB proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-92-31-11
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hwang S, Lee PCW, Shin DM, Hong JH. Modulated Start-Up Mode of Cancer Cell Migration Through Spinophilin-Tubular Networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652791. [PMID: 33768098 PMCID: PMC7985070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinophilin (SPL) is a multifunctional actin-binding scaffolding protein. Although increased research on SPL in cancer biology has revealed a tumor suppressive role, its modulation in cancer biology, and oncological relevance remains elusive. Thus, we determined the role of SPL in the modulation of the junctional network and cellular migration in A549 lung cancer cell line. Knockdown of SPL promoted cancer cell invasion in agarose spot and scratch wound assays. Attenuation of SPL expression also enhanced invadopodia, as revealed by enhanced vinculin spots, and enhanced sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBC activity without enhancing membranous expression of NBCn1. Disruption of the tubular structure with nocodazole treatment revealed enhanced SPL expression and reduced NBC activity and A549 migration. SPL-mediated junctional modulation and tubular stability affected bicarbonate transporter activity in A549 cells. The junctional modulatory function of SPL in start-up migration, such as remodeling of tight junctions, enhanced invadopodia, and increased NBC activity, revealed here would support fundamental research and the development of an initial target against lung cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Rojas AM, Muñoz-Galván S, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Mutation of SPINOPHILIN (PPP1R9B) found in human tumors promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3452-3471. [PMID: 33537097 PMCID: PMC7847670 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SPINOPHILIN (SPN, PPP1R9B) is an important tumor suppressor involved in the progression and malignancy of different tumors depending on its association with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the ability of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme to dephosphorylate retinoblastoma (pRB). Methods: We performed a mutational analysis of SPN in human tumors, focusing on the region of interaction with PP1 and pRB. We explored the effect of the SPN-A566V mutation in an immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line of epithelial breast tissue, MCF10A, and in two different p53-mutated breast cancer cells lines, T47D and MDA-MB-468. Results: We characterized an oncogenic mutation of SPN found in human tumor samples, SPN-A566V, that affects both the SPN-PP1 interaction and its phosphatase activity. The SPN-A566V mutation does not affect the interaction of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme with pocket proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but it affects its ability to dephosphorylate them during G0/G1 and G1, indicating that the PP1-SPN holoenzyme regulates cell cycle progression. SPN-A566V also promoted stemness, establishing a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology via pocket proteins and PP1-SPN regulation. However, only cells with both SPN-A566V and mutant p53 have increased tumorigenic and stemness properties. Conclusions: SPN-A566V, or other equivalent mutations, could be late events that promote tumor progression by increasing the CSC pool and, eventually, the malignant behavior of the tumor.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kammerer S, Sokolowski A, Hackl H, Platzer D, Jahn SW, El-Heliebi A, Schwarzenbacher D, Stiegelbauer V, Pichler M, Rezania S, Fiegl H, Peintinger F, Regitnig P, Hoefler G, Schreibmayer W, Bauernhofer T. KCNJ3 is a new independent prognostic marker for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84705-84717. [PMID: 27835900 PMCID: PMC5356693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies showed abnormal expression of ion channels in different cancer types. Amongst these, the potassium channel gene KCNJ3 (encoding for GIRK1 proteins) has been reported to be upregulated in tumors of patients with breast cancer and to correlate with positive lymph node status. We aimed to study KCNJ3 levels in different breast cancer subtypes using gene expression data from the TCGA, to validate our findings using RNA in situ hybridization in a validation cohort (GEO ID GSE17705), and to study the prognostic value of KCNJ3 using survival analysis. In a total of > 1000 breast cancer patients of two independent data sets we showed a) that KCNJ3 expression is upregulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal tissue (p < 0.001), b) that KCNJ3 expression is associated with estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors (p < 0.001), but that KCNJ3 expression is variable within this group, and c) that ER positive patients with high KCNJ3 levels have worse overall (p < 0.05) and disease free survival probabilities (p < 0.01), whereby KCNJ3 is an independent prognostic factor (p <0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that patients with ER positive breast cancer might be stratified into high risk and low risk groups based on the KCNJ3 levels in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kammerer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Sokolowski
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Present address: Division of Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Implantology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dieter Platzer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simin Rezania
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heidelinde Fiegl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter Regitnig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreibmayer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Richtig G, Aigelsreiter A, Schwarzenbacher D, Ress AL, Adiprasito JB, Stiegelbauer V, Hoefler G, Schauer S, Kiesslich T, Kornprat P, Winder T, Eisner F, Gerger A, Stoeger H, Stauber R, Lackner C, Pichler M. SOX9 is a proliferation and stem cell factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and possess widespread prognostic significance in different cancer types. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187814. [PMID: 29121666 PMCID: PMC5679634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9 has been previously shown to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other types of cancer. However, prognostic studies so far involved rather small cohorts or lack external validation and experimental data. In this study, we firstly determined the histological expression pattern of SOX9 in human HCC by immunohistochemistry (n = 84) and evaluated its prognostic value. External cohorts of publicly available datasets were used to validate its prognostic relevance in HCC (n = 359) and other types of cancer including breast (n = 3951), ovarian (n = 1306), lung (n = 1926) and gastric cancer (n = 876). Functional SOX9 knock-down studies using siRNA and cancer stem cell models were generated in a panel of liver and breast cancer cell lines. High level of SOX9 was associated with poor survival even after adjustment for other prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.103, 95%CI = 1.064 to 4.156, p = 0.021). SOX9 prevailed a poor prognostic factor in all cancer validation cohorts (p<0.05). Reduced SOX9 expression by siRNA decreased the growth of liver cancer cells (p<0.05). SOX9 expression was associated with stem cell features in all tested cell lines (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated in a large number of patients from multiple cohorts that high levels of SOX9 are a consistent negative prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Eisner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Navas L, Molina-Pinelo S, Ferrer I, Quintanal-Villalonga A, Peinado J, Garcia-Heredia JM, Felipe-Abrio B, Muñoz-Galvan S, Marin JJ, Montuenga L, Paz-Ares L, Carnero A. Coordinated downregulation of Spinophilin and the catalytic subunits of PP1, PPP1CA/B/C, contributes to a worse prognosis in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105196-105210. [PMID: 29285244 PMCID: PMC5739631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein Spinophilin (Spinophilin, PPP1R9B) is one of the regulatory subunits of phosphatase-1 (PP1), directing it to distinct subcellular locations and targets. The loss of Spinophilin reduces PP1 targeting to pRb, thereby maintaining higher levels of phosphorylated pRb. Spinophilin is absent or reduced in approximately 40% of human lung tumors, correlating with the malignant grade. However, little is known about the relevance of the coordinated activity or presence of Spinophilin and its reported catalytic partners in the prognosis of lung cancer. In the present work, we show that the downregulation of Spinophilin, either by protein or mRNA, is related to a worse prognosis in lung tumors. This effect is more relevant in squamous cell carcinoma, SCC, than in adenocarcinoma. Downregulation of Spinophilin is related to a decrease in the levels of its partners PPP1CA/B/C, the catalytic subunits of PP1. A decrease in these subunits is also related to prognosis in SCC and, in combination with a decrease in Spinophilin, are markers of a poor prognosis in these tumors. The analysis of the genes that correlate to Spinophilin in lung tumors showed clear enrichment in ATP biosynthesis and protein degradation GO pathways. The analysis of the response to several common and pathway-related drugs indicates a direct correlation between the Spinophilin/PPP1Cs ratio and the response to oxaliplatin and bortezomib. This finding indicates that this ratio may be a good predictive biomarker for the activity of the drugs in these tumors with a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Navas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain.,H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Peinado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Felipe-Abrio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galvan
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Montuenga
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain.,H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Liang Z, Sun W, Pei L. Repeated propofol anesthesia induced downregulation of hippocampal miR-132 and learning and memory impairment of rats. Brain Res 2017; 1670:156-164. [PMID: 28465226 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that neonatal exposure to propofol may cause neurotoxicity in the hippocampus, involving long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. We aimed to detect real-time changes of miR-132 of neonatal rats exposed to propofol anesthesia and to characterize subsequent changes in learning and memory. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with 40mg/kg propofol at 0, 120, and 240 min or with isotonic fat emulsion as controls. Expression levels of miR-132 were assessed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of p250GAP, a prominent target for miR-132, were evaluated at different time points during development. Dendritic spines were counted, and the learning and memory abilities were also investigated. We found that repeated propofol anesthesia resulted in a significant downregulation of miR-132 levels and a decrease in the number of dendritic spines in the hippocampus leading to learning and memory dysfunction. Therefore, repeated propofol anesthesia induces downregulation of miR-132 and learning and memory impairment in the hippocampus of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zuodi Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenchong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheerathodi M, Avci NG, Guerrero PA, Tang LK, Popp J, Morales JE, Chen Z, Carnero A, Lang FF, Ballif BA, Rivera GM, McCarty JH. The Cytoskeletal Adapter Protein Spinophilin Regulates Invadopodia Dynamics and Tumor Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1277-1287. [PMID: 27655131 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary brain cancer that is resistant to all treatment modalities. This resistance is due, in large part, to invasive cancer cells that disperse from the main tumor site, escape surgical resection, and contribute to recurrent secondary lesions. The adhesion and signaling mechanisms that drive glioblastoma cell invasion remain enigmatic, and as a result there are no effective anti-invasive clinical therapies. Here we have characterized a novel adhesion and signaling pathway comprised of the integrin αvβ8 and its intracellular binding partner, Spinophilin (Spn), which regulates glioblastoma cell invasion in the brain microenvironment. We show for the first time that Spn binds directly to the cytoplasmic domain of β8 integrin in glioblastoma cells. Genetically targeting Spn leads to enhanced invasive cell growth in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Spn regulates glioblastoma cell invasion by modulating the formation and dissolution of invadopodia. Spn-regulated invadopodia dynamics are dependent, in part, on proper spatiotemporal activation of the Rac1 GTPase. Glioblastoma cells that lack Spn showed diminished Rac1 activities, increased numbers of invadopodia, and enhanced extracellular matrix degradation. Collectively, these data identify Spn as a critical adhesion and signaling protein that is essential for modulating glioblastoma cell invasion in the brain microenvironment. IMPLICATIONS Tumor cell invasion is a major clinical obstacle in glioblastoma and this study identifies a new signaling pathway regulated by Spinophilin in invasive glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1277-87. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naze G Avci
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Julia Popp
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John E Morales
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhihua Chen
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cerk S, Schwarzenbacher D, Adiprasito JB, Stotz M, Hutterer GC, Gerger A, Ling H, Calin GA, Pichler M. Current Status of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091485. [PMID: 27608009 PMCID: PMC5037763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a major health burden in Europe and North America, as recently published data report breast cancer as the second leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. Breast cancer is regarded as a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical course and biological behavior and can be divided into several molecular subtypes, with different prognosis and treatment responses. The discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs has dramatically changed our understanding of cell biology, especially the pathophysiology of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts >200 nucleotides in length. Several studies have demonstrated their role as key regulators of gene expression, cell biology and carcinogenesis. Deregulated expression levels of lncRNAs have been observed in various types of cancers including breast cancer. lncRNAs are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. In this review, we summarize the recent literature to highlight the current status of this class of long non-coding lncRNAs in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Cerk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|