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Diamantopoulou S, Yapijakis C, Papakosta V, Ebeling M, Lazaris AC, Derka S, Vylliotis A, Diamantopoulos P, Vairaktari G, Vassiliou S. EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes expression in an experimental model of two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:413-419. [PMID: 38443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes using an experimental two stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol on the dorsal skin in FVB/N mice. Forty female FVB/N mice 4 weeks old, were grouped into one control (n = 8) and two experimental groups (Group A: n = 16, Group B: n = 16) following a randomization process. Two-stage carcinogenesis protocol, was implicated, including an initial treatment with 97.4 nmol DMBA on their shaved dorsal skin and subsequent treatments of 32.4 nmol TPA applications after 13 weeks for Group A and after 20 weeks for Group B. The control group C, received no treatment. Skin was examined weekly for tumor development. Post-experiment, animals were euthanized for tissue analysis. The histological status of the skin lesions in the experimental groups corresponded well with tumour advancement (from dysplasia to poorly-differentiated carcinoma). Tumour sections were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. EGFR expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 008 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 079), compared to normal histology. Moreover, mean percentage of EGFR positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p < 001). HER-2 expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 015 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 085), compared to normal histology. Furthermore, mean percentage of HER-2 positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p = 005). The study demonstrated that in FVB/N mice subjected to a two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol, there was a significant increase in the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes in precancerous and malignant skin lesions compared to normal tissue. This suggests a potentially early role of these oncogenes in the progression of skin tumours in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Diamantopoulou
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vylliotis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, BiocLab, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Diamantopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Savvas Anticancer- Oncologic Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Investigation of the Potential Mechanism of Alpinia officinarum Hance in Improving Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4934711. [PMID: 36818229 PMCID: PMC9935802 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4934711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective We used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cellular analysis to explore the pharmacodynamic components and action mechanism of Alpinia officinarum Hance (A. officinarum) in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential targets and mechanism of A. officinarum toward improving T2DM. The first 9 core targets and potential active compounds were docked using Discovery Studio 2019. Finally, IR-HepG2 cells and qPCR were applied to determine the mRNA expression of the top 6 core targets of the PPI network. Results A total of 29 active ingredients and 607 targets of A. officinarum were obtained. T2DM-related targets overlapped with 176 targets. The core targets of the PPI network were identified as AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), an activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor protein p53 (TP53), SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), albumin (ALB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). A. officinarum performs an antidiabetic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and others, according to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Molecular docking revealed that the binding ability of diarylheptanoid active components in A. officinarum to core target protein was higher than that of flavonoids. The cell experiments confirmed that the A. officinarum extracts improved the glucose uptake of IR-HepG2 cells and AKT expression while inhibiting the STAT3, TNF, TP53, SRC, and EGFR mRNA expression. Conclusion A. officinarum Hance improves T2DM by acting on numerous components, multiple targets, and several pathways. Our results lay the groundwork for the subsequent research and broaden the clinical application of A. officinarum Hance.
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Faraj JA, Al-Athari AJH, Mohie SED, Kadhim IK, Jawad NM, Abbas WJ, Jalil AT. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:239. [PMID: 36175691 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The immunotherapeutic approaches based on checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccination, immune cell-based therapy, and cytokines were developed to engage the patient's immune system against cancer and better survival of them. While potent, however, preclinical and clinical data have identified that abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the efficacy of immunotherapies in some cancers. It is therefore imperative to develop new therapeutic interventions that will enable to overcome tumor-supportive TME and restrain anti-tumor immunity in patients that acquire resistance to current immunotherapies. Therefore, recognition of the essential nature of the tolerogenic TME may lead to a shift from the immune-suppressive TME to an immune-stimulating phenotype. Here, we review the composition of the TME and its effect on tumor immunoediting and then present how targeted monotherapy or combination therapies can be employed for reprogramming educated TME to improve current immunotherapies outcomes or elucidate potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabar A Faraj
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Sharaf El Din Mohie
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Iman Kareem Kadhim
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Noor Muhsen Jawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Weaam J Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
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Jiang YX, Chen Y, Sun HH, Xu SC. Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Gastrointestinal Malignancies: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:348-355. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
There has been a drastic increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma (NMSC), including squamous, basal cell, and melanoma skin cancers worldwide. Most cases of skin cancer can be treated effectively with surgery; fewer than 10% of cases are advanced and may require additional therapies. A better understanding of the biology of skin cancer will help contribute to better prognostic information and identification of possible new therapeutic targets. Herein, the authors review the biology and pathogenesis of both NMSC and melanoma, focusing on critical cell signaling pathways mediating the disease and current therapeutic strategies targeted to underlying genetic pathways.
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He P, Yang C, Ye G, Xie H, Zhong W. Risks of colorectal neoplasms and cardiovascular thromboembolic events after the combined use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and aspirin with 5-year follow-up: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:417-426. [PMID: 30656820 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the association between selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) and the risk of colorectal neoplasms and vascular events with and without low-dose aspirin. METHOD We searched for randomized controlled trials and comparative studies in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases using pertinent key terms. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for each study with a fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS Eight clinical studies with 44 566 subjects were eligible. The use of coxib significantly reduced the overall risk of colorectal neoplasms by 21% (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.89; P = 0.000). The chemopreventive effect of coxibs was beneficial in the first year (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94; P = 0.013), marginal in the third year (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-1.01; P = 0.059) and counterproductive in the fifth year (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.23-2.21; P = 0.001). Compared with the use of aspirin alone, combined use of coxib and aspirin for 3 years increased the risk of a colorectal neoplasm by 80% in the fifth year (RR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.22-2.66; P = 0.003) but decreased by 79% and 30%, respectively, the risks of cardiovascular thromboembolic events (RR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.33-2.41; P = 0.0001) and renal impairment/hypertension (RR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54; P = 0.003) caused by coxib use alone. CONCLUSION Coxibs may reduce the overall risk of colorectal neoplasms, but the chemopreventive effects are attenuated over time. When participants take low-dose aspirin simultaneously, coxibs may not be useful for chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P He
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Ye
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Xie
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Zhong
- The Geriatric Ward, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jaén RI, Prieto P, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Post-translational modifications of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in colorectal cancer: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5454-5461. [PMID: 30622375 PMCID: PMC6319129 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of prostanoids is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as COX-2) has been traditionally associated to the onset of several pathologies, from inflammation to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and oncologic events. For this reason, the search of selective PTGS2 inhibitors has been a focus for therapeutic interventions. In addition to the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective and specific PTGS2 inhibitors, termed coxibs, have been generated and widely used. PTGS2 activity is less restrictive in terms of substrate specificity than the homeostatic counterpart PTGS1, and it accounts for the elevated prostanoid synthesis that accompanies several pathologies. The main regulation of PTGS2 occurs at the transcription level. In addition to this, the stability of the mRNA is finely regulated through the interaction with several cytoplasmic elements, ranging from specific microRNAs to proteins that control mRNA degradation. Moreover, the protein has been recognized to be the substrate for several post-translational modifications that affect both the enzyme activity and the targeting for degradation via proteasomal and non-proteasomal mechanisms. Among these modifications, phosphorylation, glycosylation and covalent modifications by reactive lipidic intermediates and by free radicals associated to the pro-inflammatory condition appear to be the main changes. Identification of these post-translational modifications is relevant to better understand the role of PTGS2 in several pathologies and to establish a correct analysis of the potential function of this protein in diseases progress. Finally, these modifications can be used as biomarkers to establish correlations with other parameters, including the immunomodulation dependent on molecular pathological epidemiology determinants, which may provide a better frame for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I Jaén
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Asociada IIBM-ULPGC, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Asociada IIBM-ULPGC, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain
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Liu X, Li Q, Huang P, Tong D, Wu H, Zhang F. EGFR-mediated signaling pathway influences the sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma to JQ1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8368-8377. [PMID: 30687956 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting BRD4 has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy, and inhibitors such as JQ1 can suppress cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the mechanism through which JQ1 exerts its anticancer activity has not been reported. Moreover, JQ1 does not markedly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis in OSCC when used as a monotherapy. Herein, we explore the mechanism of JQ1 in OSCC and probe ways to increase its therapeutic potential. In this study, we used two cell lines, Cal27, and Scc25. We found that BRD4 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues when compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and JQ1 worked through the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway in tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JQ1 induced an increased treatment effect in vitro and in vivo when combined with a PI3K inhibitor. Interestingly, subsequent mechanistic analyses indicated that further suppressing EGFR and BRD4 expression was instrumental to this functional synergism. Moreover, we found that upregulating EGFR expression by EGF stimulation protected cells treated with JQ1 from apoptosis, while knockdown of EGFR before addition of JQ1 successfully mimicked the combination treatment results. In summary, our findings revealed that JQ1 can act by inhibiting the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway, and EGFR expression influences the sensitivity of OSCC to JQ1. Regarding clinical use, this study demonstrates that BRD4 is a novel therapeutic target and EGFR can be used as a biomarker to identify the most appropriate anti-BRD4 treatment strategy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenghe Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Benelli R, Venè R, Ferrari N. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (cyclooxygenase-2), a complex target for colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. Transl Res 2018; 196:42-61. [PMID: 29421522 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A plentiful literature has linked colorectal cancer (CRC) to inflammation and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 expression. Accordingly, several nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been tested often successfully in CRC chemoprevention despite their different ability to specifically target PTGS2 and the low or null expression of PTGS2 in early colon adenomas. Some observational studies showed an increased survival for patients with CRC assuming NSAIDs after diagnosis, but no clinical trial has yet demonstrated the efficacy of NSAIDs against established CRC, where PTGS2 is expressed at high levels. The major limits for the application of NSAIDs, or specific PTGS2 inhibitors, as adjuvant drugs in CRC are (1) a frequent confusion about the physiological role of PTGS1 and PTGS2, reflecting in CRC pathology and therapy; (2) the presence of unavoidable side effects linked to the intrinsic function of these enzymes; (3) the need of established criteria and markers for patient selection; and (4) the evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of PTGS2 inhibitors as possible adjuvants for immunotherapy. This review has been written to rediscover the multifaceted potential of PTGS2 targeting, hoping it could act as a starting point for a new and more aware application of NSAIDs against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benelli
- OU Immunology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Venè
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
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Costa D, Venè R, Benelli R, Romairone E, Scabini S, Catellani S, Rebesco B, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Minghelli S, Loiacono F, Zocchi MR, Poggi A. Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Can Counteract the Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Function Exerted by Colorectal Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1150. [PMID: 29910806 PMCID: PMC5992415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) present in the tumor microenvironment [usually named tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF)] can exert immunosuppressive effects on T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, favoring tumor immune escape. We have analyzed this mechanism in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and found that co-culture of NK cells with TAF can prevent the IL-2-mediated NKG2D upregulation. This leads to the impairment of NKG2D-mediated recognition of CRC cells, sparing the NK cell activation through DNAM1 or FcγRIIIA (CD16). In situ, TAF express detectable levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); thus, the therapeutic anti-EGFR humanized antibody cetuximab can trigger the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of TAF, through the engagement of FcγRIIIA on NK cells. Importantly, in the tumor, we found a lymphoid infiltrate containing NKp46+CD3- NK cells, enriched in CD16+ cells. This population, sorted and cultured with IL-2, could be triggered via CD16 and via NKG2D. Of note, ex vivo NKp46+CD3- cells were able to kill autologous TAF; in vivo, this might represent a control mechanism to reduce TAF-mediated regulatory effect on NK cell function. Altogether, these findings suggest that MSC from the neoplastic mucosa (TAF) of CRC patients can downregulate the immune cell recognition of CRC tumor cells. This immunosuppression can be relieved by the anti-EGFR antibody used in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Venè
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Immunology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Scabini
- Oncological Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Catellani
- Clinical Hematology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Rebesco
- Antiblastic Drug Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Minghelli
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Ospedale G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Takeuchi M, Seki M, Furukawa E, Takahashi A, Saito K, Kobayashi M, Ezoe K, Fukui E, Yoshizawa M, Matsumoto H. Improvement of implantation potential in mouse blastocysts derived from IVF by combined treatment with prolactin, epidermal growth factor and 4-hydroxyestradiol. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:557-570. [PMID: 28810691 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can supplementation of medium with prolactin (PRL), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2) prior to embryo transfer improve implantation potential in mouse blastocysts derived from IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Combined treatment with PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 improves mouse blastocyst implantation rates, while alone, each factor is ineffective. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Blastocyst dormancy during delayed implantation caused by ovariectomy is maintained by continued progesterone treatment in mice, and estrogen injection rapidly activates blastocysts to implantation-induced status in vivo. While the expression of many proteins is upregulated in implantation-induced blastocysts, selective proteolysis by proteasomes, such as estrogen receptor α (ESR1), occurs in implantation-induced blastocysts to achieve implantation-competent status. It is worth evaluating the proteins expressed during these periods to identify humoral factors that might improve the implantation potential of IVF-derived blastocysts because the poor quality of embryos obtained by IVF is one of the major causes of implantation failure. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Superovulated oocytes from ICR mice were fertilized with spermatozoa and then cultured in vitro in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) without phenol red (KSOM-P) for 90-96 h. Blastocysts were treated with PRL (10 or 20 mIU/mL), EGF (5 or 10 ng/mL) or 4-OH-E2 (1 or 10 nM) in KSOM-P for 24 h. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Levels of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), EGF receptor (EGFR, also known as ERBB1), ERBB4, tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1) and ESR1 protein were examined with immunohistochemical analysis using immunofluorescence methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy. For embryo transfer, six blastocysts were suspended in HEPES-buffered KSOM-P medium and transferred into the uteri of recipient mice on the morning of Day 4 (0900-1000 h) of pseudopregnancy (Day 1 = vaginal plug). The number of implantation sites was then recorded on Day 6 using the blue dye method. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 each promoted BRCA1 protein level in the trophectoderm (TE). While PRL treatment resulted in an increase in EGFR, EGF increased both EGFR and ERBB4 in the blastocyst TE. TINAGL1 in the TE was enhanced by 4-OH-E2, which also increased localization of this protein to the basement membrane. Treatment with PRL, EGF or 4-OH-E2 alone did not improve blastocyst implantation rates. Combined treatment with PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 resulted in increased levels of EGFR, ERBB4, TINAGL1 and BRCA1 in the TE, whereas ESR1 was not upregulated in the treated blastocysts. Furthermore, combined treatment with PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 improved blastocyst implantation rates versus control (P = 0.009). LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our studies were carried out in a mouse model, and the conclusions were drawn from limited results obtained from one species. Whether the increase in EGFR, ERBB4 and TINAGL1 protein in the TE improves implantation potential of blastocysts needs to be further studied experimentally by assessing other expressed proteins. The influence of combined supplementation in vitro of PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 on implantation also requires further examination and optimization in human blastocysts before it can be considered for clinical use in ART. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Enhanced implantation potential by combined treatment with PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 appears to result in the upregulation of at least two distinct mechanisms, namely signaling via EGF receptors and basement membrane formation during the peri-implantation period in mice. While PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 each promoted BRCA1 protein level in the TE, treatment with each alone did not improve blastocyst implantation. Therefore, BRCA1 protein appears to be unnecessary for the attachment reaction in blastocysts in mice Combined supplementation of PRL, EGF and 4-OH-E2 might also be of relevance for embryo transfer of human IVF-derived blastocysts for ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI [Grant numbers 22580316 and 25450390 (to H.M.)] and the Joint Research Project of Japan-U.S. Cooperative Science Program (to H.M.). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Misato Seki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Etsuko Furukawa
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Akihito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Ezoe
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Emiko Fukui
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.,Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.,Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.,Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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Zhang X, Wu L, Xiao T, Tang L, Jia X, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li J, He Y, Su J, Zhao S, Tao J, Zhou J, Chen X, Peng C. TRAF6 regulates EGF-induced cell transformation and cSCC malignant phenotype through CD147/EGFR. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:17. [PMID: 29463844 PMCID: PMC5833715 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF6, a well-known adapter molecule, plays pivotal role in TLR/IL-1R associated signaling pathway. Although TRAF6 has been shown to have oncogenic activity in various malignant tumors, the details remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TRAF6 facilitates Ras (G12V) and EGF-induced cellular transformation through EGFR. Silencing of TRAF6 expression significantly downregulated AP-1 activity, as well as MMP-2,9 expression after EGF stimulation. Furthermore, we found that TRAF6 plays an essential role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) malignant phenotypes, affecting cell growth and migration. CD147/Basigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is over-expressed in tumors and induces tumorigenesis. Our results showed that CD147 formed complex with EGFR and TRAF6. Knockdown of TRAF6 disrupted the CD147-EGFR complex, thereby inducing EGFR endocytosis. Therefore, TRAF6 might be a novel molecular target for cSCC prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuekun Jia
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - JiangLin Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing He
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Poggi A, Varesano S, Zocchi MR. How to Hit Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Make the Tumor Microenvironment Immunostimulant Rather Than Immunosuppressive. Front Immunol 2018; 9:262. [PMID: 29515580 PMCID: PMC5825917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may regulate tumor microenvironment (TME). It is conceivable that the interaction with MSC can influence neoplastic cell functional behavior, remodeling TME and generating a tumor cell niche that supports tissue neovascularization, tumor invasion and metastasization. In addition, MSC can release transforming growth factor-beta that is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of carcinoma cells; this transition is essential to give rise to aggressive tumor cells and favor cancer progression. Also, MSC can both affect the anti-tumor immune response and limit drug availability surrounding tumor cells, thus creating a sort of barrier. This mechanism, in principle, should limit tumor expansion but, on the contrary, often leads to the impairment of the immune system-mediated recognition of tumor cells. Furthermore, the cross-talk between MSC and anti-tumor lymphocytes of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system strongly drives TME to become immunosuppressive. Indeed, MSC can trigger the generation of several types of regulatory cells which block immune response and eventually impair the elimination of tumor cells. Based on these considerations, it should be possible to favor the anti-tumor immune response acting on TME. First, we will review the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated regulation of immune response. Second, we will focus on the experimental data supporting that it is possible to convert TME from immunosuppressive to immunostimulant, specifically targeting MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Varesano
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Ying HZ, Chen Q, Zhang WY, Zhang HH, Ma Y, Zhang SZ, Fang J, Yu CH. PDGF signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7879-7889. [PMID: 28983598 PMCID: PMC5779870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet‑derived growth factor (PDFG) signaling pathway exerts persistent activation in response to a variety of stimuli and facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Since this pathway modulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and carcinogenesis, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis and liver‑associated disorders. The present review exhibits the current knowledge of the role of the PDGF signaling pathway and its pathological profiles in hepatic fibrosis, and assesses the potential of inhibitors which have been investigated in the experimental hepatic fibrosis model, in addition to the clinical challenges associated with these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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15
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The ErbB family and androgen receptor signaling are targets of Celecoxib in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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