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Kapteijn MY, Lanting VR, Kaptein FHJ, Guman NAM, Laghmani EH, Kuipers TB, Mei H, Goeman JJ, Mulder FI, van Duinen SG, Taphoorn MJB, Dirven L, Broekman MLD, van Es N, Klok FA, Koekkoek JAF, Versteeg HH, Buijs JT. RNA-sequencing to discover genes and signaling pathways associated with venous thromboembolism in glioblastoma patients: A case-control study. Thromb Res 2023; 232:27-34. [PMID: 37918288 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma patients are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tumor-intrinsic features are considered to play a role, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To identify tumor-expressed genes and signaling pathways that associate with glioblastoma-related VTE by using next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). METHODS The tumor gene expression profile of 23 glioblastoma patients with VTE and 23 glioblastoma patients without VTE was compared using an unpaired analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) core analysis was performed on the top 50 differentially expressed genes to explore associated functions and pathways. Based on full RNA-Seq data, molecular glioblastoma subtypes were determined by performing cluster analysis. RESULTS Of the 19,327 genes, 1246 (6.4 %) were differentially expressed between glioblastoma patients with and without VTE (unadjusted P < 0.05). The most highly overexpressed gene was GLI1, a classical target gene in the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway (log2 fold change: 3.7; unadjusted P < 0.0001, adjusted P = 0.219). In line, Shh signaling was among the top canonical pathways and processes associated with VTE. The proportion of patients with the proneural/neural glioblastoma subtype was higher among those with VTE than controls. CONCLUSION Shh signaling may be involved in the development of glioblastoma-related VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Y Kapteijn
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent R Lanting
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur H J Kaptein
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noori A M Guman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits I Mulder
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J B Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van Es
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A F Koekkoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Terceiro LEL, Ikeogu NM, Lima MF, Edechi CA, Nickel BE, Fischer G, Leygue E, McManus KJ, Myal Y. Navigating the Blood-Brain Barrier: Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12034. [PMID: 37569410 PMCID: PMC10418424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with metastatic BC being responsible for the highest number of deaths. A frequent site for BC metastasis is the brain. Brain metastasis derived from BC involves the cooperation of multiple genetic, epigenetic, angiogenic, and tumor-stroma interactions. Most of these interactions provide a unique opportunity for development of new therapeutic targets. Potentially targetable signaling pathways are Notch, Wnt, and the epidermal growth factor receptors signaling pathways, all of which are linked to driving BC brain metastasis (BCBM). However, a major challenge in treating brain metastasis remains the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier restricts the access of unwanted molecules, cells, and targeted therapies to the brain parenchyma. Moreover, current therapies to treat brain metastases, such as stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiotherapy, have limited efficacy. Promising new drugs like phosphatase and kinase modulators, as well as BBB disruptors and immunotherapeutic strategies, have shown the potential to ease the disease in preclinical studies, but remain limited by multiple resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes some of the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in BC brain metastasis and highlights current challenges as well as opportunities in strategic designs of potentially successful future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Nnamdi M. Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Matheus F. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Chidalu A. Edechi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Barbara E. Nickel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabor Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
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Agrawal K, Chauhan S, Kumar D. Expression analysis and regulation of GLI and its correlation with stemness and metabolic alteration in human brain tumor. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 36532860 PMCID: PMC9755437 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI gene-mediated hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a substantial role in brain cancer development and growth including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), lower-grade glioma (LGG), and medulloblastoma (MB). GLI2 and GLI3 gene expression levels are extremely enhanced in these cancers with poor patient survival. Moreover, GLI genes are correlated with stemness-related factors SOX2, SOX9, POU5F1, and NANOG that work as the driving factors for brain cancer stem cells (CSCs) progression. It's critical to find new ways to combat this deadly malignancy and CSCs. Using in silico approaches, our study explored the role of GLI genes (GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3), the primary transcription factors of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, in GBM, LGG, MB, and glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). Additionally, we found strong association of angiogenic-related gene VEGFA, metabolic genes ENO1, ENO2, and pluripotency-related genes SOX2, SOX9, NANOG, POU5F1 with GLI genes, suggesting their role in brain tumor initiation and progression. We also studied their transcriptional network and functional category enrichment analysis about brain tumor development to find a better therapeutic strategy against brain cancer and their stem cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03419-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Agrawal
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida, 201303 India
| | - Saumya Chauhan
- Amity Global School, Sector 46, Gurugram, Haryana 122018 India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida, 201303 India
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5
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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6
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Doheny D, Manore S, Sirkisoon SR, Zhu D, Aguayo NR, Harrison A, Najjar M, Anguelov M, Cox AO, Furdui CM, Watabe K, Hollis T, Thomas A, Strowd R, Lo HW. An FDA-Approved Antifungal, Ketoconazole, and Its Novel Derivative Suppress tGLI1-Mediated Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis by Inhibiting the DNA-Binding Activity of Brain Metastasis-Promoting Transcription Factor tGLI1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4256. [PMID: 36077791 PMCID: PMC9454738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to identify pharmacological inhibitors that target a recently identified novel mediator of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM), truncated glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (tGLI1). Inhibitors of tGLI1 are not yet available. To identify compounds that selectively kill tGLI1-expressing breast cancer, we screened 1527 compounds using two sets of isogenic breast cancer and brain-tropic breast cancer cell lines engineered to stably express the control, GLI1, or tGLI1 vector, and identified the FDA-approved antifungal ketoconazole (KCZ) to selectively target tGLI1-positive breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells, but not tGLI1-negative breast cancer and normal cells. KCZ's effects are dependent on tGLI1. Two experimental mouse metastasis studies have demonstrated that systemic KCZ administration prevented the preferential brain metastasis of tGLI1-positive breast cancer and suppressed the progression of established tGLI1-positive BCBM without liver toxicities. We further developed six KCZ derivatives, two of which (KCZ-5 and KCZ-7) retained tGLI1-selectivity in vitro. KCZ-7 exhibited higher blood-brain barrier penetration than KCZ/KCZ-5 and more effectively reduced the BCBM frequency. In contrast, itraconazole, another FDA-approved antifungal, failed to suppress BCBM. The mechanistic studies suggest that KCZ and KCZ-7 inhibit tGLI1's ability to bind to DNA, activate its target stemness genes Nanog and OCT4, and promote tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Our study establishes the rationale for using KCZ and KCZ-7 for treating and preventing BCBM and identifies their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sara Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sherona R. Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Noah R. Aguayo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Alexandria Harrison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mariana Najjar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Marlyn Anguelov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Anderson O’Brien Cox
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Roy Strowd
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Sirkisoon SR, Wong GL, Aguayo NR, Doheny DL, Zhu D, Regua AT, Arrigo A, Manore SG, Wagner C, Thomas A, Singh R, Xing F, Jin G, Watabe K, Lo HW. Breast cancer extracellular vesicles-derived miR-1290 activates astrocytes in the brain metastatic microenvironment via the FOXA2→CNTF axis to promote progression of brain metastases. Cancer Lett 2022; 540:215726. [PMID: 35589002 PMCID: PMC9387054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are still unclear. In this study, we observed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from breast cancer cells with increased expression of tGLI1, a BCBM-promoting transcription factor, strongly activated astrocytes. EV-derived microRNA/miRNA microarray revealed tGLI1-positive breast cancer cells highly secreted miR-1290 and miR-1246 encapsulated in EVs. Genetic knockin/knockout studies established a direct link between tGLI1 and both miRNAs. Datamining and analysis of patient samples revealed that BCBM patients had more circulating EV-miRs-1290/1246 than those without metastasis. Ectopic expression of miR-1290 or miR-1246 strongly activated astrocytes whereas their inhibitors abrogated the effect. Conditioned media from miR-1290- or miR-1246-overexpressing astrocytes promoted mammospheres. Furthermore, miRs-1290/1246 suppressed expression of FOXA2 transcription repressor, leading to CNTF cytokine secretion and subsequent activation of astrocytes. Finally, we conducted a mouse study to demonstrate that astrocytes overexpressing miR-1290, but not miR-1246, enhanced intracranial colonization and growth of breast cancer cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that breast cancer EV-derived miR-1290 and miR-1246 activate astrocytes in the brain metastatic microenvironment and that EV-derived miR-1290 promotes progression of brain metastases through the novel EV-miR-1290→FOXA2→CNTF signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherona R Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noah R Aguayo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelina T Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Austin Arrigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Calvin Wagner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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8
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Senhaji N, Squalli Houssaini A, Lamrabet S, Louati S, Bennis S. Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients with Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137474. [PMID: 35806478 PMCID: PMC9267689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a low survival rate. The difficulty of obtaining this tumor material represents a major limitation, making the real-time monitoring of tumor progression difficult, especially in the events of recurrence or resistance to treatment. The identification of characteristic biomarkers is indispensable for an accurate diagnosis, the rigorous follow-up of patients, and the development of new personalized treatments. Liquid biopsy, as a minimally invasive procedure, holds promise in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current literature regarding the identification of molecular and circulating glioblastoma biomarkers and the importance of their integration as a valuable tool to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-662600394
| | - Asmae Squalli Houssaini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Louati
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
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9
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Transcription Factors with Targeting Potential in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073720. [PMID: 35409080 PMCID: PMC8998804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas portray a large and heterogeneous group of CNS tumors, encompassing a wide range of low- to high-grade tumors, as defined by histological and molecular characteristics. The identification of signature mutations and other molecular abnormalities has largely impacted tumor classification, diagnosis, and therapy. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of gene expression programs, which ultimately shape cell fate and homeostasis. A variety of TFs have been detected to be aberrantly expressed in brain tumors, being highly implicated in critical pathological aspects and progression of gliomas. Herein, we describe a selection of oncogenic (GLI-1/2/3, E2F1–8, STAT3, and HIF-1/2) and tumor suppressor (NFI-A/B, TBXT, MYT1, and MYT1L) TFs that are deregulated in gliomas and are subsequently associated with tumor development, progression, and migratory potential. We further discuss the current targeting options against these TFs, including chemical (Bortezomib) and natural (Plumbagin) compounds, small molecules, and inhibitors, and address their potential implications in glioma therapy.
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10
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Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Transcription factors in glioblastoma - Molecular pathogenesis and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188667. [PMID: 34894431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is one of the most lethal human cancers, however, the molecular mechanisms driving GBM remain largely elusive. Recent studies have revealed that transcription factors are significantly involved in GBM biology. Transcription factors (TFs), which are proteins that bind DNA to regulate gene expression, have critical roles at focal points in signaling pathways, orchestrating many cellular processes, such as cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and metabolism. Dysregulated or mutated TFs are common in GBM, resulting in aberrant gene expression that promotes tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to conventional therapies. In the present Review, we focus on TFs that are implicated in GBM pathogenesis, highlighting their oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions and describing the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect on GBM cells. We also discuss their use as biomarkers for GBM prognosis and therapeutic response, as well as their targeting with drugs for GBM treatment. Deciphering the role of TFs in the biology of GBM will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and reveal novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Athens, Greece.
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11
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Geng L, Chen S, Gong Y, Zhou Y, Yang H, Tang L. Tumor Endothelial Marker TEM7 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating with Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:10155-10171. [PMID: 34992436 PMCID: PMC8711244 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s347010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor endothelial marker 7 (TEM7) is included in the endothelial cells of tumors as a greatly expressed protein. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that TEM7 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) cells and related to tumor invasion and migration. However, the relationship between TEM7 gene expressions, prognostic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in GC is still unclear. Methods We obtained the expression of TEM7 in GC tissues using Oncomine and TIMER databases and validated it using qRT-PCR. The effect of TEM7 on survival in patients with GC was explored through the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database. Univariate and multifactorial analyses of the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database were performed to explore the association of TEM7 expression with clinical traits. TIMER and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the relationship between TEM7 expression and immune infiltration. GSEA pathway enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) exposed possible ways. Results An expression level of TEM7 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues and related with unfavorable survival in GC. Univariate analysis of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database indicated that excessive level of TEM7 expression was linked with age, tumor grade and TMN classification, and multivariate analysis indicated that age and level of TEM7 expression were independent prognostic factors for a poor prognosis. The level of expression of TEM7 was positively related to tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells other than B cells in GC. In the end, GSEA pathway enrichment exposed possible ways related to immunity. Discussion Our study indicates that TEM7 is a prognostic biomarker that makes the decision that the progression of GC and is connected with tumor immune infiltrates in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Geng
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Tang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liming Tang Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China Email
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12
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Gross DA, Cheng HS, Zhuang R, McCoy MG, Pérez-Cremades D, Salyers Z, Wara AKMK, Haemmig S, Ryan TE, Feinberg MW. Deficiency of lncRNA SNHG12 impairs ischemic limb neovascularization by altering an endothelial cell cycle pathway. JCI Insight 2021; 7:150761. [PMID: 34793334 PMCID: PMC8765056 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SNHG12, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulated in atherosclerosis, is known to be a key regulator of vascular senescence in endothelial cells (ECs). However, its role in angiogenesis and peripheral artery disease has not been elucidated. Hind-limb ischemia studies using femoral artery ligation (FAL) in mice showed that SNHG12 expression falls readily in the acute phase of the response to limb ischemia in gastrocnemius muscle and recovers to normal when blood flow recovery is restored to ischemic muscle, indicating that it likely plays a role in the angiogenic response to ischemia. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that SNHG12 regulated angiogenesis — SNHG12 deficiency reduced cell proliferation, migration, and endothelial sprouting, whereas overexpression promoted these angiogenic functions. We identified SNHG12 binding partners by proteomics that may contribute to its role in angiogenesis, including IGF-2 mRNA–binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3, also known as IMP3). RNA-Seq profiling of SNHG12-deficient ECs showed effects on angiogenesis pathways and identified a strong effect on cell cycle regulation, which may be modulated by IMP3. Knockdown of SNHG12 in mice undergoing FAL using injected gapmeRs) decreased angiogenesis, an effect that was more pronounced in a model of insulin-resistant db/db mice. RNA-Seq profiling of the EC and non-EC compartments in these mice revealed a likely role of SNHG12 knockdown on Wnt, Notch, and angiopoietin signaling pathways. Together, these findings indicate that SNHG12 plays an important role in the angiogenic EC response to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Rulin Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Michael G McCoy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Zachary Salyers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - A K M Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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13
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Bryan S, Witzel I, Borgmann K, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Brain Metastases in HER2-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4137. [PMID: 34439289 PMCID: PMC8392331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer-associated death for women worldwide, with deaths commonly resulting from metastatic spread to distant organs. Approximately 30% of metastatic BC patients develop brain metastases (BM), a currently incurable diagnosis. The influence of BC molecular subtype and gene expression on breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development and patient prognosis is undeniable and is, therefore, an important focus point in the attempt to combat the disease. The HER2-positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes are associated with an increased risk of developing BCBM. Several genetic and molecular mechanisms linked to HER2-positive and triple-negative BC breast cancers appear to influence BCBM formation on several levels, including increased development of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration of primary BC cells to the brain and/or through superior local invasiveness aided by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). These specific BC characteristics, together with the ensuing developments at a clinical level, are presented in this review article, drawing a connection between research findings and related therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing BCBM formation and/or progression. Furthermore, we briefly address the critical limitations in our current understanding of this complex topic, highlighting potential focal points for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bryan
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Center of Oncology, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
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14
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Großkopf AK, Schlagowski S, Fricke T, Ensser A, Desrosiers RC, Hahn AS. Plxdc family members are novel receptors for the rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV). PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008979. [PMID: 33657166 PMCID: PMC7959344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a γ2-herpesvirus of rhesus macaques, shares many biological features with the human pathogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Both viruses, as well as the more distantly related Epstein-Barr virus, engage cellular receptors from the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases (Ephs). However, the importance of the Eph interaction for RRV entry varies between cell types suggesting the existence of Eph-independent entry pathways. We therefore aimed to identify additional cellular receptors for RRV by affinity enrichment and mass spectrometry. We identified an additional receptor family, the Plexin domain containing proteins 1 and 2 (Plxdc1/2) that bind the RRV gH/gL glycoprotein complex. Preincubation of RRV with soluble Plxdc2 decoy receptor reduced infection by ~60%, while overexpression of Plxdc1 and 2 dramatically enhanced RRV susceptibility and cell-cell fusion of otherwise marginally permissive Raji cells. While the Plxdc2 interaction is conserved between two RRV strains, 26-95 and 17577, Plxdc1 specifically interacts with RRV 26-95 gH. The Plxdc interaction is mediated by a short motif at the N-terminus of RRV gH that is partially conserved between isolate 26-95 and isolate 17577, but absent in KSHV gH. Mutation of this motif abrogated the interaction with Plxdc1/2 and reduced RRV infection in a cell type-specific manner. Taken together, our findings characterize Plxdc1/2 as novel interaction partners and entry receptors for RRV and support the concept of the N-terminal domain of the gammaherpesviral gH/gL complex as a multifunctional receptor-binding domain. Further, Plxdc1/2 usage defines an important biological difference between KSHV and RRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Großkopf
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlagowski
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fricke
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander S. Hahn
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Galat Y, Gu H, Perepitchka M, Taylor R, Yoon JW, Glukhova XA, Li XN, Beletsky IP, Walterhouse DO, Galat V, Iannaccone PM. CRISPR editing of the GLI1 first intron abrogates GLI1 expression and differentially alters lineage commitment. Stem Cells 2021; 39:564-580. [PMID: 33497498 PMCID: PMC8248124 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GLI1 is one of three GLI family transcription factors that mediate Sonic Hedgehog signaling, which plays a role in development and cell differentiation. GLI1 forms a positive feedback loop with GLI2 and likely with itself. To determine the impact of GLI1 and its intronic regulatory locus on this transcriptional loop and human stem cell differentiation, we deleted the region containing six GLI binding sites in the human GLI1 intron using CRISPR/Cas9 editing to produce H1 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) GLI1‐edited clones. Editing out this intronic region, without removing the entire GLI1 gene, allowed us to study the effects of this highly complex region, which binds transcription factors in a variety of cells. The roles of GLI1 in human ESC differentiation were investigated by comparing RNA sequencing, quantitative‐real time PCR (q‐rtPCR), and functional assays. Editing this region resulted in GLI1 transcriptional knockdown, delayed neural commitment, and inhibition of endodermal and mesodermal differentiation during spontaneous and directed differentiation experiments. We found a delay in the onset of early osteogenic markers, a reduction in the hematopoietic potential to form granulocyte units, and a decrease in cancer‐related gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of GLI1 via antagonist GANT‐61 had similar in vitro effects. These results indicate that the GLI1 intronic region is critical for the feedback loop and that GLI1 has lineage‐specific effects on hESC differentiation. Our work is the first study to document the extent of GLI1 abrogation on early stages of human development and to show that GLI1 transcription can be altered in a therapeutically useful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Haigang Gu
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Taylor
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xenia A Glukhova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Igor P Beletsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Bai JY, Jin B, Ma JB, Liu TJ, Yang C, Chong Y, Wang X, He D, Guo P. HOTAIR and androgen receptor synergistically increase GLI2 transcription to promote tumor angiogenesis and cancer stemness in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 498:70-79. [PMID: 33157157 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a major characteristic of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we report a novel mechanism of how lncRNA and androgen receptor (AR) drive the Hedgehog pathway to promote tumor angiogenesis in RCC. We found that the high expression of lncRNA HOTAIR in RCC is associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, HOTAIR and AR form a feedback loop to promote the expression of each other. Interestingly, we also found that in RCC, HOTAIR is associated with the Hedgehog pathway, especially GLI2, via bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, HOTAIR promotes GLI2 expression in the presence of AR. Mechanistically, HOTAIR interacts with AR and they cooperatively bind to GLI2 promoter and increase its transcription activity. We further confirmed how HOTAIR-AR axis regulates GLI2 expression by analyzing its function in RCC cells and found that HOTAIR and AR synergistically enhanced the expression of GLI2 downstream genes, such as VEGFA, PDGFA, and cancer stem cell transcription factors, and promoted tumor angiogenesis and cancer stemness in RCC cells both in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Overall, these findings suggest that HOTAIR and GLI2 could be novel therapeutic targets against RCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Zinc Finger Protein Gli2/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ben Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Bin Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Chong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Iriana S, Asha K, Repak M, Sharma-Walia N. Hedgehog Signaling: Implications in Cancers and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 33494284 PMCID: PMC7864517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development, smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair following injury, and tissue polarity during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc-finger transcription factors and smoothened (SMO) are the signal transducers of the SHH pathway. Both SHH ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms activate GLI proteins. Various transcriptional mechanisms, posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic processing, SUMOylation, and acetylation), and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling control the activity of SHH signaling pathway proteins. The dysregulated SHH pathway is associated with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, GLIomas, medulloblastomas, leukemias, and tumors of breast, lung, skin, prostate, brain, gastric, and pancreas. While extensively studied in development and sarcomas, GLI family proteins play an essential role in many host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial and viral infections and their associated cancers. Viruses hijack host GLI family transcription factors and their downstream signaling cascades to enhance the viral gene transcription required for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss a distinct role(s) of GLI proteins in the process of tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions in the context of viral infection-associated malignancies and cancers due to other causes. Here, we emphasize the potential of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway targeting as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic approach, which in the future could also be tested in infection-associated fatalities.
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18
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Doheny D, Sirkisoon S, Carpenter RL, Aguayo NR, Regua AT, Anguelov M, Manore SG, Arrigo A, Jalboush SA, Wong GL, Yu Y, Wagner CJ, Chan M, Ruiz J, Thomas A, Strowd R, Lin J, Lo HW. Combined inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 and SMO-GLI1/tGLI1 pathways suppresses breast cancer stem cells, tumor growth, and metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:6589-6605. [PMID: 32929154 PMCID: PMC7572897 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer are particularly aggressive and associated with unfavorable prognosis. TNBC lacks effective treatments. HER2-positive tumors have treatment options but often acquire resistance to HER2-targeted therapy after initial response. To address these challenges, we determined whether novel combinations of JAK2-STAT3 and SMO-GLI1/tGLI1 inhibitors synergistically target TNBC and HER2 breast cancer since these two pathways are concurrently activated in both tumor types and enriched in metastatic tumors. Herein, we show that novel combinations of JAK2 inhibitors (ruxolitinib and pacritinib) with SMO inhibitors (vismodegib and sonidegib) synergistically inhibited in vitro growth of TNBC and HER2-positive trastuzumab-resistant BT474-TtzmR cells. Synergy was also observed against breast cancer stem cells. To determine if the combination is efficacious in inhibiting metastasis, we treated mice with intracardially inoculated TNBC cells and found the combination to inhibit lung and liver metastases, and prolong host survival without toxicity. The combination inhibited orthotopic growth, VEGF-A expression, and tumor vasculature of both TNBC and HER2-positive trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer. Lung metastasis of orthotopic BT474-TtzmR xenografts was suppressed by the combination. Together, our results indicated that dual targeting of JAK2 and SMO resulted in synergistic suppression of breast cancer growth and metastasis, thereby supporting future clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sherona Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, JH 308 1001 E. 3rd St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Noah Reeve Aguayo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Angelina T Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marlyn Anguelov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Austin Arrigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara Abu Jalboush
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Calvin J Wagner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Chan
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jimmy Ruiz
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roy Strowd
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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19
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Doheny D, Manore SG, Wong GL, Lo HW. Hedgehog Signaling and Truncated GLI1 in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092114. [PMID: 32957513 PMCID: PMC7565963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and supports aggressive phenotypes of human cancers, such as neoplastic transformation, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Canonical activation of HH signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Consequently, the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) zinc-finger transcription factors, the terminal effectors of the HH pathway, are released from suppressor of fused (SUFU)-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration, permitting nuclear translocation and activation of target genes. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been implicated in several cancer types, including medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and cancers of lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, ovarian, and breast. Therefore, several components of the HH pathway are under investigation for targeted cancer therapy, particularly GLI1 and SMO. GLI1 transcripts are reported to undergo alternative splicing to produce truncated variants: loss-of-function GLI1ΔN and gain-of-function truncated GLI1 (tGLI1). This review covers the biochemical steps necessary for propagation of the HH activating signal and the involvement of aberrant HH signaling in human cancers, with a highlight on the tumor-specific gain-of-function tGLI1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-0695
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20
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Concurrent Control of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Life Cycle through Chromatin Modulation and Host Hedgehog Signaling: a New Prospect for the Therapeutic Potential of Lipoxin A4. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02177-19. [PMID: 32102879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02177-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipid mediator with compelling anti-inflammatory and proresolution properties. Studies done to assess the role of arachidonic acid pathways of the host in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) biology helped discover that KSHV infection hijacks the proinflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways and concurrently reduces anti-inflammatory LXA4 secretion to maintain KSHV latency in infected cells. Treatment of KSHV-infected cells with LXA4 minimizes the activation of inflammatory and proliferative signaling pathways, including the NF-κB, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways, but the exact mechanism of action of LXA4 remains unexplored. Here, using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified components from the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein and chromatin-remodeling complex SMARCB1 and SMARCC2 to be LXA4-interacting host proteins in KSHV-infected cells. We identified a higher level of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells than in untreated KSHV-infected cells, which probably facilitates the affinity interaction of the nucleosome complex protein with LXA4. We demonstrate that SMARCB1 regulates both replication and transcription activator (RTA) activity and host hedgehog (hh) signaling in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells. Host hedgehog signaling was modulated in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6 kinase-dependent manner in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells. Since anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial as adjuvants to conventional and immune-based therapies, we evaluated the potential of LXA4 treatment in regulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on KSHV-carrying tumor cells. Overall, our study identified LXA4-interacting host factors in KSHV-infected cells, which could help provide an understanding of the mode of action of LXA4 and its therapeutic potential against KSHV.IMPORTANCE The latent-to-lytic switch in KSHV infection is one of the critical events regulated by the major replication and transcription activator KSHV protein called RTA. Chromatin modification of the viral genome determines the phase of the viral life cycle in the host. Here, we report that LXA4 interacts with a host chromatin modulator, especially SMARCB1, which upregulates the KSHV ORF50 promoter. SMARCB1 has also been recognized to be a tumor suppressor protein which controls many tumorigenic events associated with the hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway. We also observed that LXA4 treatment reduces PD-L1 expression and that PD-L1 expression is an important immune evasion strategy used by KSHV for its survival and maintenance in the host. Our study underscores the role of LXA4 in KSHV biology and emphasizes that KSHV is strategic in downregulating LXA4 secretion in the host to establish latency. This study also uncovers the therapeutic potential of LXA4 and its targetable receptor, AhR, in KSHV's pathogenesis.
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21
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Michaelsen SR, Staberg M, Pedersen H, Jensen KE, Majewski W, Broholm H, Nedergaard MK, Meulengracht C, Urup T, Villingshøj M, Lukacova S, Skjøth-Rasmussen J, Brennum J, Kjær A, Lassen U, Stockhausen MT, Poulsen HS, Hamerlik P. VEGF-C sustains VEGFR2 activation under bevacizumab therapy and promotes glioblastoma maintenance. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1462-1474. [PMID: 29939339 PMCID: PMC6176801 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma ranks among the most lethal cancers, with current therapies offering only palliation. Paracrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been targeted using anti-angiogenic agents, whereas autocrine VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is poorly understood. Bevacizumab resistance of VEGFR2-expressing glioblastoma cells prompted interrogation of autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling in glioblastoma. Methods Autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling was functionally investigated using RNA interference and exogenous ligands in patient-derived xenograft lines and primary glioblastoma cell cultures in vitro and in vivo. VEGF-C expression and interaction with VEGFR2 in a matched pre- and post-bevacizumab treatment cohort were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assay. Results VEGF-C was expressed by patient-derived xenograft glioblastoma lines, primary cells, and matched surgical specimens before and after bevacizumab treatment. VEGF-C activated autocrine VEGFR2 signaling to promote cell survival, whereas targeting VEGF-C expression reprogrammed cellular transcription to attenuate survival and cell cycle progression. Supporting potential translational significance, targeting VEGF-C impaired tumor growth in vivo, with superiority to bevacizumab treatment. Conclusions Our results demonstrate VEGF-C serves as both a paracrine and an autocrine pro-survival cytokine in glioblastoma, promoting tumor cell survival and tumorigenesis. VEGF-C permits sustained VEGFR2 activation and tumor growth, where its inhibition appears superior to bevacizumab therapy in improving tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe R Michaelsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Staberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Wiktor Majewski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Neuropathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette K Nedergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Urup
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Villingshøj
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Slávka Lukacova
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jannick Brennum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hans S Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Sirkisoon SR, Carpenter RL, Rimkus T, Doheny D, Zhu D, Aguayo NR, Xing F, Chan M, Ruiz J, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Strowd R, Lin J, Regua AT, Arrigo A, Anguelov M, Pasche B, Debinski W, Watabe K, Lo HW. TGLI1 transcription factor mediates breast cancer brain metastasis via activating metastasis-initiating cancer stem cells and astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2019; 39:64-78. [PMID: 31462709 PMCID: PMC6938539 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms for breast cancer metastasis remain unclear. Whether truncated glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (TGLI1), a transcription factor known to promote angiogenesis, migration and invasion, plays any role in metastasis of any tumor type has never been investigated. In this study, results of two mouse models of breast cancer metastasis showed that ectopic expression of TGLI1, but not GLI1, promoted preferential metastasis to the brain. Conversely, selective TGLI1 knockdown using antisense oligonucleotides led to decreased breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGLI1, but not GLI1, was increased in lymph node metastases compared to matched primary tumors, and that TGLI1 was expressed at higher levels in BCBM specimens compared to primary tumors. TGLI1 activation is associated with a shortened time to develop BCBM and enriched in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancers. Radioresistant BCBM cell lines and specimens expressed higher levels of TGLI1, but not GLI1, than radiosensitive counterparts. Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) are radioresistant and metastasis-initiating cells, we examined TGLI1 for its involvement in breast CSCs and found TGLI1 to transcriptionally activate stemness genes CD44, Nanog, Sox2, and OCT4 leading to CSC renewal, and TGLI1 outcompetes with GLI1 for binding to target promoters. We next examined whether astrocyte-priming underlies TGLI1-mediated brain tropism and found that TGLI1-positive CSCs strongly activated and interacted with astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that TGLI1 mediates breast cancer metastasis to the brain, in part, through promoting metastasis-initiating CSCs and activating astrocytes in BCBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherona R Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tadas Rimkus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Noah R Aguayo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jimmy Ruiz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Linda J Metheny-Barlow
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roy Strowd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelina T Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Austin Arrigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marlyn Anguelov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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23
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Molecular and Clinical Insights into the Invasive Capacity of Glioblastoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1740763. [PMID: 31467533 PMCID: PMC6699388 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1740763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The invasive capacity of GBM is one of the key tumoral features associated with treatment resistance, recurrence, and poor overall survival. The molecular machinery underlying GBM invasiveness comprises an intricate network of signaling pathways and interactions with the extracellular matrix and host cells. Among them, PI3k/Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog, and NFkB play a crucial role in the cellular processes related to invasion. A better understanding of these pathways could potentially help in developing new therapeutic approaches with better outcomes. Nevertheless, despite significant advances made over the last decade on these molecular and cellular mechanisms, they have not been translated into the clinical practice. Moreover, targeting the infiltrative tumor and its significance regarding outcome is still a major clinical challenge. For instance, the pre- and intraoperative methods used to identify the infiltrative tumor are limited when trying to accurately define the tumor boundaries and the burden of tumor cells in the infiltrated parenchyma. Besides, the impact of treating the infiltrative tumor remains unclear. Here we aim to highlight the molecular and clinical hallmarks of invasion in GBM.
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24
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Kim SS, Harford JB, Moghe M, Rait A, Pirollo KF, Chang EH. Targeted nanocomplex carrying siRNA against MALAT1 sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1424-1440. [PMID: 29202181 PMCID: PMC5815062 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic therapeutic resistance especially in cancer stem cells (CSCs) together with extensive tumor cell infiltration and restricted permeation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by drugs may all contribute to the treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays a role in tumor cell infiltration and therapeutic resistance of GBM. Using our tumor-targeted nanocomplex, we have modulated the expression of MALAT1 and investigated its impact on GBM cells. Importantly, our nanocomplex is able to target CSCs that are considered to be the prime culprits in therapeutic resistance and recurrence of GBM. Attenuation of MALAT1 by RNA interference significantly lowered the growth, motility and stemness of GBM cells. In addition, silencing of MALAT1 clearly improved the sensitivity of GBM cells to chemotherapeutic agents including the current first-line therapy of GBM [temozolomide (TMZ)]. In animal models of GBM, tumor involution with a modest but statistically significant survival benefit was achieved with concurrent treatment of TMZ and nanocomplex-mediated silencing of MALAT1. These results suggest that combining standard TMZ treatment with lncRNA-targeting therapies using our nanocomplex could substantially enhance the very poor prognosis for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc., Potomac, MD 20854, USA
| | - Joe B Harford
- SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc., Potomac, MD 20854, USA
| | - Manish Moghe
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Antonina Rait
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kathleen F Pirollo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Esther H Chang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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25
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Taylor R, Long J, Yoon JW, Childs R, Sylvestersen KB, Nielsen ML, Leong KF, Iannaccone S, Walterhouse DO, Robbins DJ, Iannaccone P. Regulation of GLI1 by cis DNA elements and epigenetic marks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:10-21. [PMID: 31085420 PMCID: PMC6570425 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLI1 is one of three transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3) that mediate the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway and play important roles in normal development. GLI1 and GLI2 form a positive-feedback loop and function as human oncogenes. The mouse and human GLI1 genes have untranslated 5′ exons and large introns 5′ of the translational start. Here we show that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) stimulates occupancy in the introns by H3K27ac, H3K4me3 and the histone reader protein BRD4. H3K27ac and H3K4me3 occupancy is not significantly changed by removing BRD4 from the human intron and transcription start site (TSS) region. We identified six GLI binding sites (GBS) in the first intron of the human GLI1 gene that are in regions of high sequence conservation among mammals. GLI1 and GLI2 bind all of the GBS in vitro. Elimination of GBS1 and 4 attenuates transcriptional activation by GLI1. Elimination of GBS1, 2, and 4 attenuates transcriptional activation by GLI2. Eliminating all sites essentially eliminates reporter gene activation. Further, GLI1 binds the histone variant H2A.Z. These results suggest that GLI1 and GLI2 can regulate GLI1 expression through protein-protein interactions involving complexes of transcription factors, histone variants, and reader proteins in the regulatory intron of the GLI1 gene. GLI1 acting in trans on the GLI1 intron provides a mechanism for GLI1 positive feedback and auto-regulation. Understanding the combinatorial protein landscape in this locus will be important to interrupting the GLI positive feedback loop and providing new therapeutic approaches to cancers associated with GLI1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Taylor
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jun Long
- The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ronnie Childs
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - King-Fu Leong
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.
| | - Philip Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
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26
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Gli Proteins: Regulation in Development and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020147. [PMID: 30754706 PMCID: PMC6406693 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects and cancer. We review the molecular mechanisms of Gli protein regulation in mammals, with special emphasis on posttranslational modifications and intracellular transport. We also discuss how Gli proteins interact with co-activators and co-repressors to fine-tune the expression of Hedgehog target genes. Finally, we provide an overview of the regulation of developmental processes and tissue regeneration by Gli proteins and discuss how these proteins are involved in cancer progression, both through canonical regulation via the Hedgehog pathway and through cross-talk with other signaling pathways.
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27
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Volnitskiy A, Shtam T, Burdakov V, Kovalev R, Konev A, Filatov M. Abnormal activity of transcription factors gli in high-grade gliomas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211980. [PMID: 30730955 PMCID: PMC6366868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is associated with loss of cell differentiation, anaplasia. Transcription factors gli, required for embryonic development, may be involved in this process. We studied the activity of transcription factors gli in high-grade gliomas and their role in maintenance of stem cell state and glioma cell survival. 20 glioma cell lines and a sample of a normal adult brain tissue were used in the present study. We found the expression of gli target genes, including GLI1 and FOXM1, in all tested glioma cell lines, but not in the normal tissue. Interestingly, the expression of gli target genes in some glioma cell lines was observed together with a high level of their transcriptional repressor, Gli3R. Knockdown of GLI3 in one of these lines resulted in decrease of gli target gene expression. These data suggest that Gli3R does not prevent the gli target genes transcription, and gli3 acts in glioma cells more as an activator, than a repressor of transcription. We observed that gli regulated the expression of such genes, as SOX2 or OCT4 that maintain stem cell state, and TET1, involving in DNA demethylation. Treatment with GANT61 or siRNA against GLI1, GLI2, or GLI3 could result in complete glioma cell death, while cyclopamine had a weaker and line-specific effect on glioma cell survival. Thus, the gli transcription factors are abnormally active in high-grade gliomas, regulate expression of genes, maintaining the stem cell state, and contribute to glioma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Volnitskiy
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Pesochnyj, Leningradskaya, Russia
| | - Vladimir Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Roman Kovalev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Alexander Konev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Michael Filatov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
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28
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Sanchez V, Golyardi F, Mayaki D, Echavarria R, Harel S, Xia J, Hussain SNA. Negative regulation of angiogenesis by novel micro RNAs. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:173-181. [PMID: 30414893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is a ligand of Tie-2 receptors that promotes survival, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs). Recent studies have identified several microRNA (miRNA) families that either promote or inhibit angiogenesis. To date, the nature and functional importance of miRNAs in Ang-1-induced angiogenesis are unknown. Microarray screening of known miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that the expressions of miR-103b, miR-330-5p, miR-557, miR-575, miR-1287-5p, and miR-1468-5p significantly decrease following exposure to Ang-1 for 24 h. Exposure to the angiogenesis factors angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, and transforming growth factor β also inhibits miR-103b expression, but exerts varying effects on the other miRNAs. By overexpressing miR-103b, miR-330-5p, miR-557, miR-575, miR-1287-5p, and miR-1468-5p with selective mimics, we demonstrated that the pro-survival effects of Ang-1 are eliminated, Caspase-3 activity increases, and cell migration, proliferation, and capillary-like tube formation decreases. Conversely, transfection with selective miRNA inhibitors increases cell survival, inhibits Caspase-3 activity, and stimulates migration, proliferation and tube formation. miRNet miRNA-target gene network analyses revealed that miR-103, miR-330-5p, miR-557, miR-575, miR-1287-5p, and miR-1468-5p directly interact with 47, 95, 165, 108, 49, and 16 gene targets, respectively. Since many of these genes are positive regulators of angiogenic processes, we conclude that these miRNAs function as anti-angiogenic miRNAs and that their downregulation may be essential for Ang-1-induced angiogenesis to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanchez
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Flora Golyardi
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raquel Echavarria
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharon Harel
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology and Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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29
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Rodrigues MFSD, Miguita L, De Andrade NP, Heguedusch D, Rodini CO, Moyses RA, Toporcov TN, Gama RR, Tajara EE, Nunes FD. GLI3 knockdown decreases stemness, cell proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2458-2472. [PMID: 30272273 PMCID: PMC6203148 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an extremely aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have established that cancer stem cells (CSCs) actively participate in OSCC development, progression and resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, CSCs frequently exhibit a deregulated expression of normal stem cell signalling pathways, thereby acquiring their distinctive abilities, of which self-renewal is an example. In this study, we examined the effects of GLI3 knockdown in OSCC, as well as the differentially expressed genes in CSC-like cells (CSCLCs) expressing high (CD44high) or low (CD44low) levels of CD44. The prognostic value of GLI3 in OSCC was also evaluated. The OSCC cell lines were sorted based on CD44 expression; gene expression was evaluated using a PCR array. Following this, we examined the effects of GLI3 knockdown on CD44 and ESA expression, colony and sphere formation capability, stem-related gene expression, proliferation and invasion. The overexpression of genes related to the Notch, transforming growth factor (TGF)β, FGF, Hedgehog, Wnt and pluripotency maintenance pathways was observed in the CD44high cells. GLI3 knockdown was associated with a significant decrease in different CSCLC fractions, spheres and colonies in addition to the downregulation of the CD44, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4; also known as POU5F1) and BMI1 genes. This downregulation was accompanied by an increase in the expression of the Involucrin (IVL) and S100A9 genes. Cellular proliferation and invasion were inhibited following GLI3 knockdown. In OSCC samples, a high GLI3 expression was associated with tumour size but not with prognosis. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate for the first time, at least to the best of our knowledge, that GLI3 contributes to OSCC stemness and malignant behaviour. These findings suggest the potential for the development of novel therapies, either in isolation or in combination with other drugs, based on CSCs in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucyene Miguita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Paiva De Andrade
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Heguedusch
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Ajub Moyses
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03178200, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro Gama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 014784400, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Elena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
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Zhou P, Cao Y, Liu X, Yu T, Xu Q, You C, Gao X, Wei Y. Delivery siRNA with a novel gene vector for glioma therapy by targeting Gli1. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4781-4793. [PMID: 30214189 PMCID: PMC6118331 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy has recently shown considerable clinical benefit in cancer therapy during the past few years, and the application of this choice in cancer treatments is increasing continually. Gli1 is an ideal candidate target for cancer gene therapy and is important for tumorigenesis. Methods In this study, we developed a novel gene delivery system with a self-assembly method by using a 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) copolymer (DMP), with zeta potential of 32.7 mV and measuring 35.6 nm. The effect of this delivery system was tested in vitro and in vivo. Results DMP showed good performance in delivering siRNA to glioma cells in vitro with high transfection performance (98%). Moreover, DMP–Gli1si shows a satisfactory anti-glioma effect via induction of cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in vitro. Furthermore, for subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, treatment with the DMP–Gli1si complex significantly inhibited tumor growth by inhibiting Gli1 protein expression, promoting apoptosis, and reducing proliferation. Conclusion The complex of Gli1 siRNA and DMP may potentially play an important role as a new drug in the clinical treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medicine College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China, .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medicine College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhou L, Tang H, Wang F, Chen L, Ou S, Wu T, Xu J, Guo K. Bioinformatics analyses of significant genes, related pathways and candidate prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4185-4196. [PMID: 30132538 PMCID: PMC6172372 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system. The prognosis of patients with GBM is very poor, with a survival time of ~15 months. GBM is highly heterogeneous and highly aggressive. Surgical removal of intracranial tumors does provide a good advantage for patients as there is a high rate of recurrence. The understanding of this type of cancer needs to be strengthened, and the aim of the present study was to identify gene signatures present in GBM and uncover their potential mechanisms. The gene expression profiles of GSE15824 and GSE51062 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Normalization of the data from primary GBM samples and normal samples in the two databases was conducted using R software. Then, joint analysis of the data was performed. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and the protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed using Cytoscape software. Identification of prognostic biomarkers was conducted using UALCAN. In total, 9,341 DEGs were identified in the GBM samples, including 9,175 upregulated genes and 166 downregulated genes. The top 1,000 upregulated DEGs and all of the downregulated DEGs were selected for GO, KEGG and prognostic biomarker analyses. The GO results showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), including immune response, cell division and cell proliferation, and the downregulated DEGs were also significantly enriched in BP, including cell growth, intracellular signal transduction and signal transduction by protein phosphorylation. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were enriched in circadian entrainment, cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction and maturity onset diabetes of the young, while the downregulated DEGs were enriched in the TGF‑β signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. All of the downregulated genes and the top 1,000 upregulated genes were selected to establish the PPI network, and the sub‑networks revealed that these genes were involved in significant pathways, including olfactory transduction, neuroactive ligand‑receptor interaction and viral carcinogenesis. In total, seven genes were identified as good prognostic biomarkers. In conclusion, the identified DEGs and hub genes contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of GBM and they may be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets for the treatment of patients with GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Sirkisoon SR, Carpenter RL, Rimkus T, Anderson A, Harrison A, Lange AM, Jin G, Watabe K, Lo HW. Interaction between STAT3 and GLI1/tGLI1 oncogenic transcription factors promotes the aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancers and HER2-enriched breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:2502-2514. [PMID: 29449694 PMCID: PMC5948110 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), glioma oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), and truncated GLI1 (tGLI1) are oncogenic transcription factors playing important roles in breast cancer. tGLI1 is a gain-of-function GLI1 isoform. Whether STAT3 physically and/or functionally interacts with GLI1/tGLI1 has not been explored. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed 47 node-positive breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemical staining and found that phosphorylated-STAT3 (Y705), GLI1, and tGLI1 are co-overexpressed in the majority of triple-negative breast carcinomas (64%) and HER2-enriched (68%) breast carcinomas, and in lymph node metastases (65%). Using gene set enrichment analysis, we analyzed 710 breast tumors and found that STAT3 activation and GLI1/tGLI1 activation signatures are co-enriched in triple-negative subtypes of breast cancers and HER2-enriched subtypes of breast cancers, but not in luminal subtypes of breast cancers. Patients with high levels of STAT3 and GLI1/tGLI1 co-activation in their breast tumors had worse metastasis-free survival compared to those with low levels. Since these proteins co-overexpress in breast tumors, we examined whether they form complexes and observed that STAT3 interacted with both GLI1 and tGLI1. We further found that the STAT3-GLI1 and STAT3-tGLI1 complexes bind to both consensus GLI1-binding and STAT3-binding sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and that the co-overexpression markedly activated a promoter controlled by GLI1-binding sites. To identify genes that can be directly co-activated by STAT3 and GLI1/tGLI1, we analyzed three ChIP-seq datasets and identified 34 potential target genes. Following validations using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and survival analysis, we identified three genes as novel transcriptional targets of STAT3 and GLI1/tGLI1, R-Ras2, Cep70, and UPF3A. Finally, we observed that co-overexpression of STAT3 with GLI1/tGLI1 promoted the ability of breast cancer cells to form mammospheres and that STAT3 only cooperates with tGLI1 in immortalized mammary epithelial cells. In summary, our study identified novel physical and functional cooperation between two families of oncogenic transcription factors, and the interaction contributes to aggressiveness of breast cancer cells and poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancers and HER2-enriched breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tadas Rimkus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Geng L, Lu K, Li P, Li X, Zhou X, Li Y, Wang X. GLI1 inhibitor GANT61 exhibits antitumor efficacy in T-cell lymphoma cells through down-regulation of p-STAT3 and SOCS3. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48701-48710. [PMID: 27275540 PMCID: PMC5564718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are lymphoid malignancies with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Increasing evidences suggest that deregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is associated with the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas. The hedgehog (Hh)/glioma-associated oncogene-1 (GLI1) pathway, aberrantly activated in a number of tumors, has also been extensively studied. We found that protein expressions of GL11, p-STAT3, STAT3, and SOCS3 were up-regulated in T-cell lymphoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the protein expressions of p-STAT3 and SOCS3 were positively correlated with GLI1 in T-cell lymphomas. GLI1 inhibitor GANT61 and lentivirus-mediated siGLI1 exhibited inhibitory effects in the three T-cell lines (Jurkat, Karpass299 and Myla3676 cells). The protein expressions of p-STAT3 and SOCS3 were decreased accompanied with the inhibition of GLI1. These findings indicated that GANT61 is a promising agent against T-cell lymphoma and the antitumor activity might be partly mediated by down-regulating p-STAT3 and SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Geng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
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Mastrangelo E, Milani M. Role and inhibition of GLI1 protein in cancer. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 9:35-43. [PMID: 29628779 PMCID: PMC5877502 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional regulator involved in the development of different types of cancer. GLI1 transcriptional activity is regulated within the Hedgehog pathway (canonical activity), but can also be controlled independently (non-canonical activity) in the context of other signaling pathways. Experimental evidences show GLI1 involvement in both small- and non–small-cell lung cancers. Direct inhibition of the protein, in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, represents a promising strategy for the treatment of different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Mastrangelo
- CNR - Biophysics Institute, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- CNR - Biophysics Institute, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Rimkus TK, Carpenter RL, Sirkisoon S, Zhu D, Pasche BC, Chan MD, Lesser GJ, Tatter SB, Watabe K, Debinski W, Lo HW. Truncated Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 (tGLI1) Mediates Mesenchymal Glioblastoma via Transcriptional Activation of CD44. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2589-2600. [PMID: 29463580 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathways driving mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM) are still not well understood. We report here that truncated glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (tGLI1) is a tumor-specific transcription factor that facilitates GBM growth, is enriched in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM and glioma stem cells (GSC), and promotes mesenchymal GSC by upregulating transcription of CD44. In an orthotopic GBM xenograft mouse model, tGLI1-overexpressing tumors grew more aggressively with increased proliferation and angiogenesis compared with control and GLI1-overexpressing xenografts. tGLI1 was highly expressed in GBM clinical specimens but undetectable in normal brains, whereas GLI1 was expressed in both tissues. A tGLI1 activation signature (tGAS) correlated with glioma grade, tumor angiogenesis, and poor overall survival, and GBMs with high tGAS were enriched with mesenchymal GBM/GSC gene signatures. Neurospheres contained increased levels of tGLI1, but not GLI1, compared with the monolayer culture; mesenchymal GSC expressed more tGLI1 than proneural GSC. Ectopic tGLI1 expression enhanced the ability of mesenchymal GSC to yield neurospheres in vitro and to form tumors in mouse brains. Selective tGLI1 knockdown reduced neurosphere formation of GBM cells. tGLI1 bound to and transactivated the promoter of the CD44 gene, a marker and mediator for mesenchymal GSC, leading to its expression. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of GBM biology by establishing tGLI1 as a novel transcriptional activator of CD44 and a novel mediator of mesenchymal GBM and GSC.Significance: These findings highlight the role of a tumor-specific gain-of-function transcription factor tGLI1 in mesenchymal glioma stem cell maintenance and mesenchymal GBM growth. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2589-600. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas K Rimkus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sherona Sirkisoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Boris C Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael D Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Stephen B Tatter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Teng K, Deng C, Xu J, Men Q, Lei T, Di D, Liu T, Li W, Liu X. Nuclear localization of TEF3-1 promotes cell cycle progression and angiogenesis in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13827-41. [PMID: 26885617 PMCID: PMC4924681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TEF3-1 (transcriptional enhancer factor 3 isoform 1), also known as TEAD4 (TEA domain family member 4), was recently revealed as an oncogenic character in cancer development. However, the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined. In this paper, we investigated nuclear TEF3-1 could promote G1/S transition in HUVECs, and the expression levels of cyclins and CDKs were upregulated. Additionally, if TEF3-1 was knocked down, the expression of cyclins and CDKs was downregulated while the expression of P21, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, was upregulated. A microarray analysis also confirmed that TEF3-1 overexpression upregulates genes that are related to cell cycle progression and the promotion of angiogenesis. Moreover, we observed that nuclear TEF3-1 was highly expressed during the formation of vascular structures in gastric cancer (GC). Finally, tumor xenograft experiments indicated that, when TEF3-1 was knocked down, tumor growth and angiogenesis were also suppressed. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that TEF3-1 localization to the nucleus stimulates the cell cycle progression in HUVECs and specifically contributes to tumor angiogenesis. Nuclear TEF3-1 in HUVECs may serve as an oncogenic biomarker, and the suppression of TEF3-1 may be a potential target in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Teng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cuilan Deng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxu Men
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Da Di
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
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Liao ZQ, Ye M, Yu PG, Xiao C, Lin FY. Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog1 (Gli1)-Aquaporin1 pathway promotes glioma cell metastasis. BMB Rep 2017; 49:394-9. [PMID: 27157540 PMCID: PMC5032008 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.7.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog1 (Gli1) is known to be activated in malignant glioma; however, its downstream pathway has not been fully explained. The aim of this study was to explore the role of Gli1-Aquaporin1 (AQP1) signal pathway in glioma cell survival. Our data suggests that both Gli1 and AQP1 are upregulated in glioma tissues, as in comparison to in normal tissues. These up-regulation phenomena were also observed in glioma U251 and U87 cells. It was demonstrated that Gli1 positively regulated the AQP1 expression. By luciferase reporter gene and ChIP assay, we observed that this modulation process was realized by combination of Gli1 with AQP1 promotor. In addition, knock down of Gli1 by siRNA interference reduced the viability of glioma cells as well as suppressed cell metastasis. Also, the inhibitory effects of cell survival by silenced Gli1 were abrogated by AQP1 overexpression. In summary, glioma cell survival is a regulatory process and can be mediated by Gli1-AQP1 pathway. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(7): 394-399].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qiang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Nine People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pei-Gen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Nine People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Nine People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
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Barbato S, Solaini G, Fabbri M. MicroRNAs in Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:229-268. [PMID: 28729026 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) have emerged in the last 15 years as central players in the biology of cancer. Increasing lines of evidence have supported their regulatory role in the expression of both oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, progressively clarifying which genes are modulated by specific MiRNAs dysregulated in cancer. Intriguingly, a "target-specific" understanding of MiRNA function in oncology has been replaced by a more "pathway-specific" vision of their involvement in cancer biology. This work provides a state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of MiRNAs in the most frequently altered signaling pathways in cancer cells and provides an updated overview on some of the most relevant findings trying to decode the complex molecular mechanisms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barbato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Wang Y, Gao S, Wang W, Liang J. Temozolomide inhibits cellular growth and motility via targeting ERK signaling in glioma C6 cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5732-5738. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Bao G, Wang N, Li R, Xu G, Liu P, He B. Glycoprotein non-metastaticmelanoma protein B promotes glioma motility and angiogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1968-1976. [PMID: 27334625 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a common tumor with high mortality and poor overall survival. However, the regulatory mechanisms of glioma tumorigenesis and glioma cell motility are completely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B in glioma. The expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B is observed to be aberrantly regulated in glioma tissues and cells, and high levels of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B present an inverse correlation with the survival of glioma patients. Compared with the control, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B inhibition significantly retarded the proliferation and migration of human glioma cells. The tube formation ability of HBMECs induced by glioma cells was also remarkably reduced by glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B silencing. Increased levels of VEGF-C and TEM7 were down-regulated by the suppression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B in glioma cells. Additionally, the activity of MMP-2/3/9 was assessed in glioma cells using Western blotting and gelatin zymography assay; their activities were strongly decreased following the suppression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B. Further studies suggested that canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated, but was inactivated by glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B suppression in glioma cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B might be an inducer for glioma and could enhance matrix metalloproteinase activity through Wnt/β-catenin pathway to contribute to glioma tumorigenesis. This may represent a new understanding for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruichun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Baixiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Rimkus TK, Carpenter RL, Qasem S, Chan M, Lo HW. Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: Review of Smoothened and GLI Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8020022. [PMID: 26891329 PMCID: PMC4773745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and tissue polarity. Aberrant activation of the Shh pathway has been shown in a variety of human cancers, including, basal cell carcinoma, malignant gliomas, medulloblastoma, leukemias, and cancers of the breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate. Tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapeutic response have all been shown to be impacted by the Shh signaling pathway. Downstream effectors of the Shh pathway include smoothened (SMO) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc finger transcription factors. Both are regarded as important targets for cancer therapeutics. While most efforts have been devoted towards pharmacologically targeting SMO, developing GLI-targeted approach has its merit because of the fact that GLI proteins can be activated by both Shh ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To date, two SMO inhibitors (LDE225/Sonidegib and GDC-0449/Vismodegib) have received FDA approval for treating basal cell carcinoma while many clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this exciting class of targeted therapy in a variety of cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of the Shh pathway and then detail the current landscape of the Shh-SMO-GLI pathway inhibitors including those in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas K Rimkus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Shadi Qasem
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Michael Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Recent advance in molecular angiogenesis in glioblastoma: the challenge and hope for anti-angiogenic therapy. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:229-36. [PMID: 26437643 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most highly malignant brain tumor in the human central nerve system. In this paper, we review new and significant molecular findings on angiogenesis and possible resistance mechanisms. Expression of a number of genes and regulators has been shown to be upregulated in GBM microvessel cells, such as interleukin-8, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Tax-interacting protein-1, hypoxia induced factor-1 and anterior gradient protein 2. The regulator factors that may strongly promote angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell metastasis, changing the microenvironment, enhancing the ability of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy, and that inhibit angiogenesis are reviewed. Based on the current knowledge, several potential targets and strategies are proposed for better therapeutic outcomes, such as its mRNA interference of DII4-Notch signaling pathway and depletion of b1 integrin expression. We also discuss possible mechanisms underlying the resistance to anti-angiogenesis and future directions and challenges in developing new targeted therapy for GBM.
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