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Dai Y, Chen W, Huang J, Xie L, Lin J, Chen Q, Jiang G, Huang C. Identification of key pathways and genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on WGCNA. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023; 50:126-133. [PMID: 35659152 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to identify the potential genes and signaling pathways associated with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) query was utilized to download two NPC mRNA microarray data. WGCNA was conducted on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain tumor-associated gene modules. Genes in core modules were intersected with DEGs for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis. GSE102349 dataset was devoted to identifying prognostic hub genes by survival analysis and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Co-expression networks were built, and we detected 12 gene modules. The Brown module and Magenta module were extremely associated with NPC samples. GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out to the genes in the Brown and Magenta modules. Our data indicated that DEGs in Brown module and Magenta module were correlated with the biological regulation, metabolic process, reproduction, and cellular proliferation. Twenty-six hub genes were obtained and were considered to be closely related to NPC. GSE102349 dataset was devoted to identifying prognostic hub genes by survival analysis. The expression of IL33, MPP3 and SLC16A7 in GSE102349 dataset was significantly correlated with the progression-free survival (PFS). The results of qPCR indicated a strong correlation between SLC16A7 expression and the overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS WGCNA contributed to the detection of gene modules and identification of hub genes and crucial genes. These crucial genes might be potential targets for pharmaceutic therapies with potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Dai
- Departments of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Wenhan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Junpeng Huang
- Departments of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Li Xie
- Departments of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianfang Lin
- Departments of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qianshun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Guicheng Jiang
- Departments of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Huttunen J, Adla SK, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM. Increased/Targeted Brain (Pro)Drug Delivery via Utilization of Solute Carriers (SLCs). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061234. [PMID: 35745806 PMCID: PMC9228667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters have a crucial role in compounds’ brain drug delivery. They allow not only the penetration of a wide variety of different compounds to cross the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but also the accumulation of them into the brain parenchymal cells. Solute carriers (SLCs), with nearly 500 family members, are the largest group of membrane transporters. Unfortunately, not all SLCs are fully characterized and used in rational drug design. However, if the structural features for transporter interactions (binding and translocation) are known, a prodrug approach can be utilized to temporarily change the pharmacokinetics and brain delivery properties of almost any compound. In this review, main transporter subtypes that are participating in brain drug disposition or have been used to improve brain drug delivery across the BBB via the prodrug approach, are introduced. Moreover, the ability of selected transporters to be utilized in intrabrain drug delivery is discussed. Thus, this comprehensive review will give insights into the methods, such as computational drug design, that should be utilized more effectively to understand the detailed transport mechanisms. Moreover, factors, such as transporter expression modulation pathways in diseases that should be taken into account in rational (pro)drug development, are considered to achieve successful clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Li J, Xie J, Wu D, Chen L, Gong Z, Wu R, Hu Y, Zhao J, Xu Y. A pan-cancer analysis revealed the role of the SLC16 family in cancer. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:528-540. [PMID: 34424811 PMCID: PMC8386723 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1965422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the serious diseases that endanger human health and bring a heavy burden to world economic development. Although the current targeted therapy and immunotherapy have achieved initial results, the emergence of drug resistance shows that the existing research is far from enough. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment has been found to be an important condition for tumor development and has profound research value. The SLC16 family is a group of monocarboxylic acid transporters involved in cancer metabolism and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. However, there have been no generalized cancer studies in the SLC16 family. In this study, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of the SLC16 family. The results showed that multiple members of the SLC16 family could be used as prognostic indicators for many tumors, and were associated with immune invasion and tumor stem cells. Therefore, the SLC16 family has extensive exploration value in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Zetian Gong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chornyi S, IJlst L, van Roermund CWT, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR. Peroxisomal Metabolite and Cofactor Transport in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:613892. [PMID: 33505966 PMCID: PMC7829553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in many metabolic pathways and essential for human health. They harbor a large number of enzymes involved in the different pathways, thus requiring transport of substrates, products and cofactors involved across the peroxisomal membrane. Although much progress has been made in understanding the permeability properties of peroxisomes, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the peroxisomal transport of metabolites and cofactors. In this review, we discuss the different modes of transport of metabolites and essential cofactors, including CoA, NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, ATP, heme, pyridoxal phosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate across the peroxisomal membrane. This transport can be mediated by non-selective pore-forming proteins, selective transport proteins, membrane contact sites between organelles, and co-import of cofactors with proteins. We also discuss modes of transport mediated by shuttle systems described for NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. We mainly focus on current knowledge on human peroxisomal metabolite and cofactor transport, but also include knowledge from studies in plants, yeast, fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice, which has been exemplary in understanding peroxisomal transport mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Niu SP, Zhang YJ, Han N, Yin XF, Zhang DY, Kou YH. Identification of four differentially expressed genes associated with acute and chronic spinal cord injury based on bioinformatics data. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:865-870. [PMID: 33229721 PMCID: PMC8178775 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex pathological changes occur during the development of spinal cord injury (SCI), and determining the underlying molecular events that occur during SCI is necessary for the development of promising molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. This study was designed to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the acute and chronic stages of SCI using bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression profiles (GSE45006, GSE93249, and GSE45550) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. SCI-associated DEGs from rat samples were identified, and Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Approximately 66 DEGs were identified in GSE45550 between 3–14 days after SCI, whereas 2418 DEGs were identified in GSE45006 1–56 days after SCI. Moreover, 1263, 195, and 75 overlapping DEGs were identified between these two expression profiles, 3, 7/8, and 14 days after SCI, respectively. Additionally, 16 overlapping DEGs were obtained in GSE45006 1–14 days after SCI, including Pank1, Hn1, Tmem150c, Rgd1309676, Lpl, Mdh1, Nnt, Loc100912219, Large1, Baiap2, Slc24a2, Fundc2, Mrps14, Slc16a7, Obfc1, and Alpk3. Importantly, 3882 overlapping DEGs were identified in GSE93249 1–6 months after SCI, including 3316 protein-coding genes and 567 long non-coding RNA genes. A comparative analysis between GSE93249 and GSE45006 resulted in the enrichment of 1135 overlapping DEGs. The significant functions of these 1135 genes were correlated with the response to the immune effector process, the innate immune response, and cytokine production. Moreover, the biological processes and KEGG pathways of the overlapping DEGs were significantly enriched in immune system-related pathways, osteoclast differentiation, the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and the chemokine signaling pathway. Finally, an analysis of the overlapping DEGs associated with both acute and chronic SCI, assessed using the expression profiles GSE93249 and GSE45006, identified four overlapping DEGs: Slc16a7, Alpk3, Lpl and Nnt. These findings may be useful for revealing the biological processes associated with SCI and the development of targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping Niu
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Office of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Han
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Office of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Rodriguez JER, Garcia-Perdomo HA. Role of monocarboxylate transporters in the diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Turk J Urol 2020; 46:413-418. [PMID: 32833619 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2020.20278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, which requires finding new lines of approach. The significant advances in and interest of molecular biology in this condition have led to the discovery of elements profiled as an essential research target. Accordingly, we consider the importance of studying the role that monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play in PCa. These transporters might have a functional characterization, possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and influence on the progression and prognosis of this cancer. We reviewed literature published from January 2010 to June 2020 in different databases and search engines to find studies that respond to our question. MCTs have a close correlation with PCa, contributing to their phenotype of glycolytic and acid-resistant metabolism. They determine the maintenance and progression of the disease depending on the expression of different molecular types of the transporter. Thus, MCT2 highlights as a biomarker in early diagnosis and MCT4 in poor prognosis and resistance. Finally, MCT1 and MCT4 profile as a potential therapeutic target by decreasing cell proliferation. In conclusion, MCTs play an essential role in PCa; therefore, they should be taken into account in subsequent studies for finding tools with clinical applicability and contributing to the reduction of the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herney Andrés Garcia-Perdomo
- UROGIV Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Surgery/Urology, Universidad del Valle, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
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7
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Targeting metabolic activity in high-risk neuroblastoma through Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibition. Oncogene 2020; 39:3555-3570. [PMID: 32123312 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene occurs in ~25% of primary neuroblastomas and is the single most powerful biological marker of poor prognosis in this disease. MYCN transcriptionally regulates a range of biological processes important for cancer, including cell metabolism. The MYCN-regulated metabolic gene SLC16A1, encoding the lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), is a potential therapeutic target. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with the MCT1 inhibitor SR13800 increased intracellular lactate levels, disrupted the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) ratio, and decreased intracellular glutathione levels. Metabolite tracing with 13C-glucose and 13C-glutamine following MCT1 inhibitor treatment revealed increased quantities of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and increased oxygen consumption rate. MCT1 inhibition was highly synergistic with vincristine and LDHA inhibition under cell culture conditions, but this combination was ineffective against neuroblastoma xenografts. Posttreatment xenograft tumors had increased synthesis of the MCT1 homolog MCT4/SLC16A, a known resistance factor to MCT1 inhibition. We found that MCT4 was negatively regulated by MYCN in luciferase reporter assays and its synthesis in neuroblastoma cells was increased under hypoxic conditions and following hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) induction, suggesting that MCT4 may contribute to resistance to MCT1 inhibitor treatment in hypoxic neuroblastoma tumors. Co-treatment of neuroblastoma cells with inhibitors of MCT1 and LDHA, the enzyme responsible for lactate production, resulted in a large increase in intracellular pyruvate and was highly synergistic in decreasing neuroblastoma cell viability. These results highlight the potential of targeting MCT1 in neuroblastoma in conjunction with strategies that involve disruption of pyruvate homeostasis and indicate possible resistance mechanisms.
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8
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Beynon RA, Richmond RC, Santos Ferreira DL, Ness AR, May M, Smith GD, Vincent EE, Adams C, Ala‐Korpela M, Würtz P, Soidinsalo S, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, Lane AJ, Martin RM. Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1918-1928. [PMID: 30325021 PMCID: PMC6491994 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene and green tea consumption have been observationally associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of factorial randomisation to a 6-month lycopene and green tea dietary advice or supplementation intervention on 159 serum metabolite measures in 128 men with raised PSA levels (but prostate cancer-free), analysed by intention-to-treat. The causal effects of metabolites modified by the intervention on prostate cancer risk were then assessed by Mendelian randomisation, using summary statistics from 44,825 prostate cancer cases and 27,904 controls. The systemic effects of lycopene and green tea supplementation on serum metabolic profile were comparable to the effects of the respective dietary advice interventions (R2 = 0.65 and 0.76 for lycopene and green tea respectively). Metabolites which were altered in response to lycopene supplementation were acetate [β (standard deviation difference vs. placebo): 0.69; 95% CI = 0.24, 1.15; p = 0.003], valine (β: -0.62; -1.03, -0.02; p = 0.004), pyruvate (β: -0.56; -0.95, -0.16; p = 0.006) and docosahexaenoic acid (β: -0.50; -085, -0.14; p = 0.006). Valine and diacylglycerol were lower in the lycopene dietary advice group (β: -0.65; -1.04, -0.26; p = 0.001 and β: -0.59; -1.01, -0.18; p = 0.006). A genetically instrumented SD increase in pyruvate increased the odds of prostate cancer by 1.29 (1.03, 1.62; p = 0.027). An intervention to increase lycopene intake altered the serum metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer. Lycopene lowered levels of pyruvate, which our Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests may be causally related to reduced prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona A. Beynon
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Diana L. Santos Ferreira
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Ness
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUpper Maudlin Street, BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret May
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Charleen Adams
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala‐Korpela
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Computational MedicineUniversity of Oulu and Biocenter OuluOuluFinland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of PharmacyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Systems EpidemiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesThe Alfred Hospital, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter Würtz
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and ObesityUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Nightingale Health Ltd.HelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Christopher Metcalfe
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Athene J. Lane
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Jacobson EC, Perry JK, Long DS, Olins AL, Olins DE, Wright BE, Vickers MH, O’Sullivan JM. Migration through a small pore disrupts inactive chromatin organization in neutrophil-like cells. BMC Biol 2018; 16:142. [PMID: 30477489 PMCID: PMC6257957 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian cells are flexible and can rapidly change shape when they contract, adhere, or migrate. The nucleus must be stiff enough to withstand cytoskeletal forces, but flexible enough to remodel as the cell changes shape. This is particularly important for cells migrating through confined spaces, where the nuclear shape must change in order to fit through a constriction. This occurs many times in the life cycle of a neutrophil, which must protect its chromatin from damage and disruption associated with migration. Here we characterized the effects of constricted migration in neutrophil-like cells. RESULTS Total RNA sequencing identified that migration of neutrophil-like cells through 5- or 14-μm pores was associated with changes in the transcript levels of inflammation and chemotaxis-related genes when compared to unmigrated cells. Differentially expressed transcripts specific to migration with constriction were enriched for groups of genes associated with cytoskeletal remodeling. Hi-C was used to capture the genome organization in control and migrated cells. Limited switching was observed between the active (A) and inactive (B) compartments after migration. However, global depletion of short-range contacts was observed following migration with constriction compared to migration without constriction. Regions with disrupted contacts, TADs, and compartments were enriched for inactive chromatin. CONCLUSION Short-range genome organization is preferentially altered in inactive chromatin, possibly protecting transcriptionally active contacts from the disruptive effects of migration with constriction. This is consistent with current hypotheses implicating heterochromatin as the mechanoresponsive form of chromatin. Further investigation concerning the contribution of heterochromatin to stiffness, flexibility, and protection of nuclear function will be important for understanding cell migration in relation to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo K. Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David S. Long
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA
| | - Ada L. Olins
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New England, Portland, ME USA
| | - Donald E. Olins
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New England, Portland, ME USA
| | - Bryon E. Wright
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Poulose N, Mills IG, Steele RE. The impact of transcription on metabolism in prostate and breast cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R435-R452. [PMID: 29760165 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is regarded as an important driver in cancer development and progression. The impact of transcriptional changes on metabolism has been intensively studied in hormone-dependent cancers, and in particular, in prostate and breast cancer. These cancers have strong similarities in the function of important transcriptional drivers, such as the oestrogen and androgen receptors, at the level of dietary risk and epidemiology, genetics and therapeutically. In this review, we will focus on the function of these nuclear hormone receptors and their downstream impact on metabolism, with a particular focus on lipid metabolism. We go on to discuss how lipid metabolism remains dysregulated as the cancers progress. We conclude by discussing the opportunities that this presents for drug repurposing, imaging and the development and testing of new therapeutics and treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca E Steele
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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12
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Ruma IMW, Kinoshita R, Tomonobu N, Inoue Y, Kondo E, Yamauchi A, Sato H, Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Yamamoto KI, Murata H, Toyooka S, Nishibori M, Sakaguchi M. Embigin Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression by S100A4-Dependent and-Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070239. [PMID: 30041429 PMCID: PMC6071117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is involved in prostate and mammary gland development. As embigin’s roles in cancer remain elusive, we studied its biological functions and interaction with extracellular S100A4 in prostate cancer progression. We found by a pull-down assay that embigin is a novel receptor for S100A4, which is one of the vital cancer microenvironment milleu. Binding of extracellular S100A4 to embigin mediates prostate cancer progression by inhibition of AMPK activity, activation of NF-κB, MMP9 and mTORC1 signaling, and inhibition of autophagy, which increase prostate cancer cell motility. We also found that embigin promotes prostate cancer growth, spheroid- and colony-forming ability, and survival upon chemotherapy independently of S100A4. An in vivo growth mouse model confirmed the importance of embigin and its cytoplasmic tail in mediating prostate tumor growth. Moreover, embigin and p21WAF1 can be used to predict survival of prostate cancer patients. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the S100A4-embigin/AMPK/mTORC1/p21WAF1 and NF-κB/MMP9 axis is a vital oncogenic molecular cascade for prostate cancer progression. We proposed that embigin and p21WAF1 could be used as prognostic biomarkers and a strategy to inhibit S100A4-embigin binding could be a therapeutic approach for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Youyi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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13
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Fisel P, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M. Clinical and Functional Relevance of the Monocarboxylate Transporter Family in Disease Pathophysiology and Drug Therapy. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:352-364. [PMID: 29660777 PMCID: PMC6039204 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) SLC16 gene family comprises 14 members and encodes for monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which mediate the absorption and distribution of monocarboxylic compounds across plasma membranes. As the knowledge about their physiological function, activity, and regulation increases, their involvement and contribution to cancer and other diseases become increasingly evident. Moreover, promising opportunities for therapeutic interventions by directly targeting their endogenous functions or by exploiting their ability to deliver drugs to specific organ sites emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Fisel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Cipolla CM, Lodhi IJ. Peroxisomal Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:297-308. [PMID: 28063767 PMCID: PMC5366081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes carry out many key functions related to lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. The fundamental importance of peroxisomes for health in humans is underscored by the existence of devastating genetic disorders caused by impaired peroxisomal function or lack of peroxisomes. Emerging studies suggest that peroxisomal function may also be altered with aging and contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including diabetes and its related complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. With increasing evidence connecting peroxisomal dysfunction to the pathogenesis of these acquired diseases, the possibility of targeting peroxisomal function in disease prevention or treatment becomes intriguing. Here, we review recent developments in understanding the pathophysiological implications of peroxisomal dysfunctions outside the context of inherited peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Cipolla
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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15
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Massie CE, Mills IG, Lynch AG. The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:1-15. [PMID: 27117390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway; PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Caruso JP, Koch BJ, Benson PD, Varughese E, Monterey MD, Lee AE, Dave AM, Kiousis S, Sloan AE, Mathupala SP. pH, Lactate, and Hypoxia: Reciprocity in Regulating High-Affinity Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression in Glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2017; 19:121-134. [PMID: 28092823 PMCID: PMC5238458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly malignant brain tumors harbor the aberrant propensity for aerobic glycolysis, the excessive conversion of glucose to lactic acid even in the presence of ample tissue oxygen. Lactic acid is rapidly effluxed to the tumor microenvironment via a group of plasma-membrane transporters denoted monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to prevent “self-poisoning.” One isoform, MCT2, has the highest affinity for lactate and thus should have the ability to respond to microenvironment conditions such as hypoxia, lactate, and pH to help maintain high glycolytic flux in the tumor. Yet, MCT2 is considered to not respond to hypoxia, which is counterintuitive. Its response to tumor lactate has not been reported. In this report, we experimentally identify the transcription initiation site/s for MCT2 in astrocytes (normal) and glioma (tumor). We then use a BACmid library to isolate a 4.2-kbp MCT2 promoter-exon I region and examine promoter response to glycolysis-mediated stimuli in glioma cells. Reporter analysis of nested-promoter constructs indicated response of MCT2 to hypoxia, pH, lactate, and glucose, the major physiological “players” that facilitate a tumor's growth and proliferation. Immunoblot analysis of native MCT2 expression under altered pH and hypoxia reflected the reporter data. The pH-mediated gene-regulation studies we describe are the first to record H+-based reporter studies for any mammalian system and demonstrate the exquisite response of the MCT2 gene to minute changes in tumor pH. Identical promoter usage also provides the first evidence of astrocytes harnessing the same gene regulatory regions to facilitate astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttling, a metabolic feature of normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Caruso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brandon J Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789
| | - Philip D Benson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Elsa Varughese
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Michael D Monterey
- Department of Neurosurgery & Basic Medical Sciences Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Amy E Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Ajal M Dave
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Sam Kiousis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center & Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Saroj P Mathupala
- Department of Neurosurgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
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17
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Sweet TJ, Ting AH. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Diverse functions of DNA methylation: implications for prostate cancer and beyond. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T169-T178. [PMID: 27605446 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Current clinical screening ensures that most prostate cancers are diagnosed while still organ confined, but disease outcome is highly variable. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular features contributing to prostate cancer aggressiveness is being sought. For many cancers, aberrant genome-wide patterns of cytosine DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides distinguish tumor from normal tissue and contribute to disease progression by altering the transcriptome. In prostate cancer, recent genomic studies identified cancer and high grade-specific differential DNA methylation in gene promoters, gene bodies, gene 3' ends and at distal regulatory elements. Using examples from developmental and disease systems, we will discuss how DNA methylation in each of these genomic contexts can contribute to transcriptome diversity by modulating transcription initiation, alternative transcription start site selection, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation. Alternative transcripts from the same gene often exhibit altered protein-coding potential, translatability, stability and/or localization. All of these can have functional consequences in cells. In future work, it will be important to determine if DNA methylation abnormalities in prostate cancer modify the transcriptome through some or all of these mechanisms and if these DNA methylation-mediated transcriptome alterations impact prostate tumorigenesis and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sweet
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela H Ting
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Pérez-Escuredo J, Van Hée VF, Sboarina M, Falces J, Payen VL, Pellerin L, Sonveaux P. Monocarboxylate transporters in the brain and in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:2481-97. [PMID: 26993058 PMCID: PMC4990061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which MCT1-4 facilitate the passive transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies together with protons across cell membranes. Their anchorage and activity at the plasma membrane requires interaction with chaperon protein such as basigin/CD147 and embigin/gp70. MCT1-4 are expressed in different tissues where they play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the brain and on cancer. In the brain, MCTs control the delivery of lactate, produced by astrocytes, to neurons, where it is used as an oxidative fuel. Consequently, MCT dysfunctions are associated with pathologies of the central nervous system encompassing neurodegeneration and cognitive defects, epilepsy and metabolic disorders. In tumors, MCTs control the exchange of lactate and other monocarboxylates between glycolytic and oxidative cancer cells, between stromal and cancer cells and between glycolytic cells and endothelial cells. Lactate is not only a metabolic waste for glycolytic cells and a metabolic fuel for oxidative cells, but it also behaves as a signaling agent that promotes angiogenesis and as an immunosuppressive metabolite. Because MCTs gate the activities of lactate, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed that could constitute new anticancer treatments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent F Van Hée
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Falces
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Jones RS, Morris ME. Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Factors in Disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:454-463. [PMID: 27351344 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters represent 52 families of membrane transport proteins that function in endogenous compound homeostasis and xenobiotic disposition, and have been exploited in drug delivery and therapeutic targeting strategies. In particular, the SLC16 family that encodes for the 14 isoforms of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family plays a significant role in the absorption, tissue distribution, and clearance of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. MCTs are required for the transport of essential cell nutrients and for cellular metabolic and pH regulation. Recent publications have indicated their novel roles in disease, and thus their potential as biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in disease are under investigation. More research into MCT isoform function, specificity, expression, and regulation will allow researchers to exploit the potential utility of MCTs in the clinic as therapeutic targets and prognostic factors of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - M E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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