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Li D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Bi C, Liu M, Wang G. Biological impact and therapeutic implication of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:498. [PMID: 38997297 PMCID: PMC11245522 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex space comprised of normal, cancer and immune cells. The macrophages are considered as the most abundant immune cells in tumor microenvironment and their function in tumorigenesis is interesting. Macrophages can be present as M1 and M2 polarization that show anti-cancer and oncogenic activities, respectively. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) mainly have M2 polarization and they increase tumorigenesis due to secretion of factors, cytokines and affecting molecular pathways. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among predominant tumors of liver that in spite of understanding its pathogenesis, the role of tumor microenvironment in its progression still requires more attention. The presence of TAMs in HCC causes an increase in growth and invasion of HCC cells and one of the reasons is induction of glycolysis that such metabolic reprogramming makes HCC distinct from normal cells and promotes its malignancy. Since M2 polarization of TAMs stimulates tumorigenesis in HCC, molecular networks regulating M2 to M1 conversion have been highlighted and moreover, drugs and compounds with the ability of targeting TAMs and suppressing their M2 phenotypes or at least their tumorigenesis activity have been utilized. TAMs increase aggressive behavior and biological functions of HCC cells that can result in development of therapy resistance. Macrophages can provide cell-cell communication in HCC by secreting exosomes having various types of biomolecules that transfer among cells and change their activity. Finally, non-coding RNA transcripts can mainly affect polarization of TAMs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, PR China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China.
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2
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Qiu Y, Zhang S, Man C, Gong D, Xu Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Zhang W. Advances on Senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by circular RNAs in tumors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102287. [PMID: 38570142 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The components that comprise the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) include growth factors, proteases, chemokines, cytokines, and bioactive lipids. It drives secondary aging and disrupts tissue homeostasis, ultimately leading to tissue repair and regeneration loss. It has a two-way regulatory effect on tumor cells, resisting cancer occurrence and promoting its progression. A category of single-stranded circular non-coding RNA molecules known as circular RNAs (circRNAs) carries out a series of cellular activities, including sequestering miRNAs and modulating gene editing and expression. Research has demonstrated that a large number of circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in pathological settings, and play a part in the onset and progress of cancer via modulating SASP factors. However, the research related to SASP and circRNAs in tumors is still in its infancy at this stage. This review centers on the bidirectional modulation of SASP and the role of circRNAs in regulating SASP factors across different types of tumors. The aim is to present novel perspectives for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gong
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory Center, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zeidan MA, Othman DIA, Goda FE, Mostafa AS. Identification of novel sulfathiazole-triazolo-chalcone hybrids as VEGFR-2/EGFR dual inhibitors with antiangiogenic activity and apoptotic induction. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300320. [PMID: 38117940 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Certain sulfathiazole-triazolo chalcone hybrids were identified as anticancer agents with dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitory effect. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 and HepG-2 tumor cell lines. Compounds 11g, 11h, and 11j exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines, with good safety toward WI-38 normal cells. Thus, they were further assessed for VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. They have suppressed VEGFR-2 enzyme at IC50 of 0.316, 0.076, and 0.189 µM, respectively in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 0.035 µM). EGFR enzyme inhibition was further screened for the most potent inhibitors, 11h and 11j, where they displayed enhanced potency with IC50 of 0.085 and 0.108 µM, respectively, compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 0.037 µM). Compounds 11h and 11j were additionally investigated for inhibition of comparable kinases, PDGFR-β and B-Raf, where results assessed adequate selectivity of both compounds toward the VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinases. Furthermore, the wound healing assay of compound 11h manifested a percent wound closure of 65.18% in MCF-7 cells compared to doxorubicin (58.51%) and untreated cells (97.77%), proving its antiangiogenic activity. The cell cycle assay of MCF-7 cells treated with 11h demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Moreover, compound 11h induced apoptosis with a 44-fold increase compared to that induced in the control MCF-7 cells. Molecular docking results of compounds 11h and 11j established their efficacies, and in silico studies showed convenient safety profiles with drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Zeidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Dina I A Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Goda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Liu MR, Shi C, Song QY, Kang MJ, Jiang X, Liu H, Pei DS. Sorafenib induces ferroptosis by promoting TRIM54-mediated FSP1 ubiquitination and degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0246. [PMID: 37695069 PMCID: PMC10497252 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a unique form of regulated cell death that provided a new opportunity for cancer therapy. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) is a key regulator in the NAD(P)H/FSP1/CoQ10 antioxidant system, which sever as an oxide redox enzyme to scavenge harmful lipid hydroperoxides and escape from ferroptosis in cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of FSP1 on sorafenib-induced ferroptosis and disclosed the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and lipid reactive oxygen species levels were assessed using indicated assay kits. The levels of FSP1 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the patients with HCC were analyzed based on the database. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression. Co-immunoprecipitation was applied to detect the interaction between proteins. Tumor xenograft experiments were used to evaluate whether overexpression of FSP1-inhibited sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in vivo. RESULTS We verified that sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in HCC. Furthermore, we found that sorafenib decreased the protein level of FSP1, and knockdown FSP1 rendered HCC cells susceptible to sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays showed that sorafenib accelerated the TRIM54-mediated FSP1 ubiquitination and degradation. Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis was abrogated by TRIM54 suppression. Mechanically, sorafenib-promoted TRIM54 ubiquitinated and degraded FSP1 by means of the ERK pathway. Moreover, FSP1 enhanced tumor development and decreased HCC cellular susceptibility to sorafenib in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib facilitated the TRIM54-mediated FSP1 ubiquitination through the ERK pathway, thereby inducing ferroptosis in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-ru Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanchang University Fuzhou Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Qiu-ya Song
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-jie Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Dong-sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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5
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Bang J, Jun M, Lee S, Moon H, Ro SW. Targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2130. [PMID: 37631344 PMCID: PMC10458925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant global health concern, with its incidence steadily increasing. The development of HCC is a multifaceted, multi-step process involving alterations in various signaling cascades. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular signaling pathways that play central roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HCC has garnered renewed attention from both basic and clinical researchers. Preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo have shown the effectiveness of targeting the key components of this signaling pathway in human HCC cells. Thus, targeting these signaling pathways with small molecule inhibitors holds promise as a potential therapeutic option for patients with HCC. In this review, we explore recent advancements in understanding the role of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HCC and assess the effectiveness of targeting this signaling cascade as a potential strategy for HCC therapy based on preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (H.M.)
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6
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Liu C, Ye D, Yang H, Chen X, Su Z, Li X, Ding M, Liu Y. RAS-targeted cancer therapy: Advances in drugging specific mutations. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e285. [PMID: 37250144 PMCID: PMC10225044 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat sarcoma (RAS), as a frequently mutated oncogene, has been studied as an attractive target for treating RAS-driven cancers for over four decades. However, it is until the recent success of kirsten-RAS (KRAS)G12C inhibitor that RAS gets rid of the title "undruggable". It is worth noting that the therapeutic effect of KRASG12C inhibitors on different RAS allelic mutations or even different cancers with KRASG12C varies significantly. Thus, deep understanding of the characteristics of each allelic RAS mutation will be a prerequisite for developing new RAS inhibitors. In this review, the structural and biochemical features of different RAS mutations are summarized and compared. Besides, the pathological characteristics and treatment responses of different cancers carrying RAS mutations are listed based on clinical reports. In addition, the development of RAS inhibitors, either direct or indirect, that target the downstream components in RAS pathway is summarized as well. Hopefully, this review will broaden our knowledge on RAS-targeting strategies and trigger more intensive studies on exploiting new RAS allele-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Danyang Ye
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongliu Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Su
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mei Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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7
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Devan AR, Pavithran K, Nair B, Murali M, Nath LR. Deciphering the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 as a diagnostic-prognostic-therapeutic candidate against hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5250-5264. [PMID: 36185626 PMCID: PMC9521521 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression. Among different ligands of the TGF-β family, TGF-β1 modulates most of its biological outcomes. Despite the abundant expression of TGF-β1 in the liver, steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression triggers elevated TGF-β1 levels, contributing to poor prognosis and survival. Additionally, elevated TGF-β1 levels in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive stage via various mechanisms. TGF-β1 has a prime role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. Moreover, TGF-β1 is widely studied as a therapeutic target either as monotherapy or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review provides clinical relevance and up-to-date information regarding the potential of TGF-β1 in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Maneesha Murali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
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8
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Chen Y, Wang N, Cao L, Zhang D, Peng H, Xue P. Long non-coding RNA HOXB-AS1 is a prognostic marker and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells' proliferation and invasion. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:944-951. [PMID: 36045719 PMCID: PMC9380905 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are broadly transcribed in the genome of human and play critical roles in the progression of multiple diseases. Long non-coding HOXB cluster antisense RNA 1 (HOXB-AS1) is a tumor exciter in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of HOXB-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the following study, HOXB-AS1 was unveiled to be highly expressed in HCC tissues as opposed to normal tissues. Silencing of HOXB-AS1 led to the loss of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of HCC cells, namely Hep3B and Huh7. Moreover, the data showed that expression levels of HOXB-AS1 contribute significantly to the patient's survival rates. Otherwise, HOXB-AS1 levels in the serum of patients proved HOXB-AS1 as a biomarker for analysis and treatment of HCC. In summary, this study highlights HOXB-AS1 as key upregulated lncRNA in HCC which being an oncogene can cause proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. The results also highlighted HOXB-AS1 as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liangqi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Heping Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Yayun South Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Xia Z, Kong F, Wang K, Zhang X. Role of N6-Methyladenosine Methylation Regulators in the Drug Therapy of Digestive System Tumours. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908079. [PMID: 35754499 PMCID: PMC9218687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system tumours, including stomach, colon, esophagus, liver and pancreatic tumours, are serious diseases affecting human health. Although surgical treatment and postoperative chemoradiotherapy effectively improve patient survival, current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for digestive system tumours lack sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the tumour's tolerance to drug therapy is enhanced owing to tumour cell heterogeneity. Thus, primary or acquired treatment resistance is currently the main hindrance to chemotherapy efficiency. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has various biological functions in RNA modification. m6A modification, a key regulator of transcription expression, regulates RNA metabolism and biological processes through the interaction of m6A methyltransferase ("writers") and demethylase ("erasers") with the binding protein decoding m6A methylation ("readers"). Additionally, m6A modification regulates the occurrence and development of tumours and is a potential driving factor of tumour drug resistance. This review systematically summarises the regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification in the drug therapy of digestive system malignancies. Furthermore, it clarifies the related mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of m6A modification in the resistence of digestive system malignancies to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University, Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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10
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Pang Y, Eresen A, Zhang Z, Hou Q, Wang Y, Yaghmai V, Zhang Z. Adverse events of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2770-2782. [PMID: 35812068 PMCID: PMC9251699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of the patients with surgically unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib mitigates angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and platelet-derived growth factor receptors in endothelial cells and pericytes. Moreover, it suppresses cell proliferation via blockage of B-RAF and RAF1 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in tumor cells. Sorafenib has been the standard molecular targeted medication in the treatment of advanced-stage HCC patients ineligible for potentially curative interventional (radiofrequency or microwave ablation) or palliative trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapies for over a decade. However, it only increases overall survival by less than 3 months, and systemic exposure to sorafenib causes clinically significant toxicities (about 50% of patients). Given the high frequency and severity of these toxicities, sorafenib dose must be often reduced or discontinued altogether. In this review, we discussed the mechanism of sorafenib-associated adverse events and their management during HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Pang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zigeng Zhang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qiaoming Hou
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Hwang CY, Yu SJ, Won JK, Park SM, Noh H, Lee S, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Lee KB, Kim YJ, Suh KS, Yoon JH, Cho KH. Systems analysis identifies endothelin 1 axis blockade for enhancing the anti-tumor effect of multikinase inhibitor. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:845-858. [PMID: 34363028 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multikinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib, are used for the treatment of advanced carcinomas but the response shows limited efficacy or varies a lot with patients. Here we adopted the systems approach combined with high-throughput data analysis to discover key mechanism embedded in the drug response. When analyzing the transcriptomic data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, endothelin 1 (EDN1) was enriched in cancer cells with low responsiveness to sorafenib. We found that the level of EDN1 is higher in the tissue and blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients showing poor response to sorafenib. In vitro experiment showed that EDN1 not only induces activation of angiogenic-promoting pathways in HCC cells but also stimulates proliferation and migration. Moreover, EDN1 is related with poor responsiveness to sorafenib by mitigating unfolded protein response (UPR), which was validated in both transcriptomic data analysis and in silico simulation. Finally, we found that endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) antagonists can enhance the efficacy of sorafenib in both HCC cells and xenograft mouse models. Our findings provide that EDN1 is a novel diagnostic marker for sorafenib responsiveness in HCC and a basis for testing macitentan, which is currently used for pulmonary artery hypertension, in combination with sorafenib in advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Aventi, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyojin Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
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Pecoraro C, Faggion B, Balboni B, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Diana P, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. GSK3β as a novel promising target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100779. [PMID: 34461526 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic chemoresistance. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. These features pose a series of therapeutic challenges and new targets are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase, which regulates key cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK3β is implicated in non-malignant and malignant diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. GSK3β recently emerged among the key factors involved in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, as well as in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Intensive research has been conducted on key oncogenic functions of GSK3β and its potential as a druggable target; currently developed GSK3β inhibitors display promising results in preclinical models of distinct tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the latest findings about GSK-3β biology and its role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic agents targeting GSK3β that could be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs to surmount chemoresistance. Several studies are also defining potential gene signatures to identify patients who might benefit from GSK3β-based therapeutic intervention. This detailed overview emphasizes the urgent need of additional molecular studies on the impact of GSK3β inhibition as well as structural analysis of novel compounds and omics studies of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Faggion
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy, and Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy.
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13
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Augello G, Emma MR, Azzolina A, Puleio R, Condorelli L, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, McCubrey JA, Iovanna JL, Cervello M. The NUPR1/p73 axis contributes to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:250-262. [PMID: 34314755 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was the first drug approved by the FDA for treating patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, sorafenib resistance remains a major challenge for improving the effectiveness of HCC treatment. Previously, we identified several genes modulated after sorafenib treatment of human HCC cells, including the stress-inducible nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) gene. Multiple studies have shown that NUPR1 regulates autophagy, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of HCC cells with sorafenib resulted in the activation of autophagic flux. NUPR1 knock-down (KD) in HCC cells was associated with increased p62 expression, suggesting an impairment of autophagic flux, and with a significant increase of cell sensitivity to sorafenib. In NUPR1 KD cells, reduced levels of NUPR1 were associated with the increased expression of p73 as well as its downstream transcription targets PUMA, NOXA, and p21. Simultaneous silencing of p73 and NUPR1 in HCC cells resulted in increased resistance to sorafenib, as compared to the single KD of either gene. Conversely, pharmacological activation of p73, via the novel p73 small molecule activator NSC59984, determined synergistic anti-tumor effects in sorafenib-treated HCC cells. The combination of NSC59984 and sorafenib, when compared to either treatment alone, synergistically suppressed tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo. Our data suggest that the activation of the p73 pathway achieved by NUPR1 KD potentiates sorafenib-induced anti-tumor effects in HCC cells. Moreover, combined pharmacological therapy with the p73 activator NSC59984 and sorafenib could represent a novel approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Park JY, You SJ, Park K, Song YJ, Park JS, Yang DH, Kim JK, Chun HJ, Khang G. Cyclic RGDfK- and Sulfo-Cy5.5-functionalized mPEG-PCL theranostic nanosystems for hepatocellular carcinoma. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Induced Mitochondrial Alteration and DNA Damage via IFNGR-JAK2-STAT1-PARP1 Pathway Facilitates Viral Hepatitis Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Aggressiveness and Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112755. [PMID: 34199353 PMCID: PMC8199505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatitis virus is a major risk factor for liver cancer. We analyzed possible synergism between momelotinib and sorafenib in hepatitis virus-associated liver cancer. The combined effect of momelotinib and sorafenib both at in vitro and in vivo synergistically sup-presses the proliferation of vHCC cells and effectively reduces the tumor burden. Our results showed that momelotinib effectively suppressed the expression of the IFNGR-JAK-STAT-PARP1 pathway, which results in the downregulation of cancer stem cell genes and enhances the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib by initiating the expression of apoptosis-related genes and inhibiting the DNA repair gene in vHCC cells, thus maximizing its therapeutic potential for patients with HCC. Abstract Background: Hepatitis virus is a major risk factor for liver cancer. The mitochondrial dysfunction IFN gamma-related pathways are activated after virus infection. Jak family-related protein is involved in the downstream of IFN gamma-related pathways. However, the effect of the IFNGR-JAK-STAT pathway acting as functional regulators of their related protein expression on virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Interestingly, the role of the DNA repair gene (PARP1) in therapy resistant cancers also has not been studied and explored well. In this study, we hypothesized that momelotinib could suppress the progression of HCC by targeting Jak family related and PARP1 DNA repair protein. Based on this observation, we link the relevant targets of the JAK family and the potential applications of targeted therapy inhibitors. Methods: We analyzed possible synergism between momelotinib and sorafenib in hepatitis virus-associated liver cancer. Immunostaining, colony formation assay, cell invasion, migration, and tumorsphere-formation assay were used for drug cytotoxicity, cell viability, and possible molecular mechanism. Result: We first demonstrated that the expression of Jak1 and 2 is significantly upregulated in vHCC than in nvHCC/normal liver tissues. In addition, the gene expression of IFN gamma-related pathways is activated after virus infection. Additionally, we found that momelotinib significantly inhibited the growth of HCC cells and reduces the expression of Jak2, which showed the importance of momelotinib in targeting Jak2 and reducing tumorigenesis in HCC. Meanwhile, momelotinib effectively inhibited the IFNGR-JAK-STAT pathway and reduced the migratory/invasive ability of vHCC cells through down-regulating EMT biomarkers (E-cadherin and vimentin), transcription factor (Slug), and significantly inhibits the DNA damage repair enzyme PARP1. It also induced cell apoptosis of vHCC cells. Furthermore, the combined effect of momelotinib and sorafenib both at in vitro and in vivo synergistically suppresses the proliferation of vHCC cells and effectively reduces the tumor burden. Conclusions: Our results showed that momelotinib effectively suppressed the expression of the IFNGR-JAK-STAT-PARP1 pathway, which results in the downregulation of cancer stem cell genes and enhances the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib by initiating the expression of apoptosis-related genes and inhibiting the DNA repair gene in vHCC cells, thus maximizing its therapeutic potential for patients with HCC.
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16
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Al Refaey HR, Newairy ASA, Wahby MM, Albanese C, Elkewedi M, Choudhry MU, Sultan AS. Manuka honey enhanced sensitivity of HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, for Doxorubicin and induced apoptosis through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2. Biol Res 2021; 54:16. [PMID: 34049576 PMCID: PMC8161992 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there is increasing awareness focused on the identification of naturally occurring anticancer agents derived from natural products. Manuka honey (MH) has been recognized for its biological properties as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its antiproliferative mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma is not investigated. The current study focused mainly on investigating the molecular mechanism and synergistic effect of anticancer properties of MH on Doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated apoptotic cell death, using two different p53 statuses (HepG2 and Hep3B) and one non-tumorigenic immortalized liver cell line. Results MH treatment showed a proliferative inhibitory effect on tested cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 concentration of (6.92 ± 0.005%) and (18.62 ± 0.07%) for HepG2 and Hep3B cells, respectively, and induced dramatic morphological changes of Hep-G2 cells, which considered as characteristics feature of apoptosis induction after 48 h of treatment. Our results showed that MH or combined treatments induced higher cytotoxicity in p53-wild type, HepG2, than in p53-null, Hep3B, cells. Cytotoxicity was not observed in normal liver cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of MH and Dox on apoptosis was evidenced by increased annexin-V-positive cells and Sub-G1 cells in both tested cell lines with a significant increase in the percentage of Hep-G2 cells at late apoptosis as confirmed by the flow cytometric analysis. Consistently, the proteolytic activities of caspase-3 and the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were also higher in the combined treatment which in turn accompanied by significant inhibitory effects of pERK1/2, mTOR, S6K, oncogenic β-catenin, and cyclin D1 after 48 h. In contrast, the MH or combined treatment-induced apoptosis was accompanied by significantly upregulated expression of proapoptotic Bax protein and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein after 48 h. Conclusions Our data showed a synergistic inhibitory effect of MH on DOX-mediated apoptotic cell death in HCC cells. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first report on the anticancer activity of MH and its combined treatment with DOX on HCC cell lines, introducing MH as a promising natural and nontoxic anticancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba R Al Refaey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A Newairy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayssaa M Wahby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chris Albanese
- Oncology and Radiology Departments, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Oncology Department, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. .,Oncology Department, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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17
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Lai HY, Tsai HH, Yen CJ, Hung LY, Yang CC, Ho CH, Liang HY, Chen FW, Li CF, Wang JM. Metformin Resensitizes Sorafenib-Resistant HCC Cells Through AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the activation of autophagy may enable residual cancer cells to survive and allow tumor relapse, excessive activation of autophagy may eventually lead to cell death. However, the details of the association of autophagy with primary resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain less clear. In this study, cohort analysis revealed that HCC patients receiving sorafenib with HBV had higher mortality risk. We found that high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activity may be linked to HBV-induced sorafenib resistance. We further found that the resistance of EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells to sorafenib is associated with low activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) as well as insufficient autophagic activation. In response to metformin, the AMPK/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway contributes to CEBPD activation, which promotes autophagic cell death. Moreover, treatment with metformin can increase sorafenib sensitivity through AMPK activation in EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells. This study suggests that AMPK/CEBPD-activated autophagy could be a potent strategy for improving the efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients.
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18
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Lai HY, Tsai HH, Yen CJ, Hung LY, Yang CC, Ho CH, Liang HY, Chen FW, Li CF, Wang JM. Metformin Resensitizes Sorafenib-Resistant HCC Cells Through AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:596655. [PMID: 33681180 PMCID: PMC7931828 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the activation of autophagy may enable residual cancer cells to survive and allow tumor relapse, excessive activation of autophagy may eventually lead to cell death. However, the details of the association of autophagy with primary resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain less clear. In this study, cohort analysis revealed that HCC patients receiving sorafenib with HBV had higher mortality risk. We found that high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activity may be linked to HBV-induced sorafenib resistance. We further found that the resistance of EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells to sorafenib is associated with low activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) as well as insufficient autophagic activation. In response to metformin, the AMPK/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway contributes to CEBPD activation, which promotes autophagic cell death. Moreover, treatment with metformin can increase sorafenib sensitivity through AMPK activation in EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells. This study suggests that AMPK/CEBPD-activated autophagy could be a potent strategy for improving the efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yue Lai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Indole hydrazide compound ZJQ-24 inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis cell death through abrogation of AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:926. [PMID: 33116125 PMCID: PMC7595202 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and the activation of AKT/mTOR pathway are crucial for hepatocarcinoma development and progression, the activation of mTORC1/2 and relevant substrates have been confirmed in clinical hepatocarcinoma samples. Therefore, AKT/mTOR pathway represents the major targets for anti-cancer drugs development. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity and mechanisms of ZJQ-24 in hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vivo and in vitro. A hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model showed that ZJQ-24 significantly inhibited tumor growth with few side effects. MTT assays, flow cytometric analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry identified that ZJQ-24 effectively suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis but had no cytotoxic on normal cells. Furthermore, ZJQ-24 significantly blocked AKT/mTOR signaling by down-regulation of mTORC1 molecules, including phospho-p70S6K (Thr389) and phospho-4EBP-1 (Ser65, Thr37/46, Thr70) and phospho-AKT (Ser473) in HCC cells. It is very important that the ZJQ-24 did not induce the mTORC1-depdent PI3K/Akt feedback activation through JNK excitation. Moreover, ZJQ-24 inhibited the cap-dependent translation initiation by impairing the assembly of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed ZJQ-24 inhibited the tumor growth through suppression of VEGF and AKT/mTOR pathways in vivo. Thus, the present study is the first to illustrate that ZJQ-24 triggers antiangiogenic activity and apoptosis via inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, providing basic scientific evidence that ZJQ-24 shows great potential function as inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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20
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Investigation of microRNA expression signatures in HCC via microRNA Gene Chip and bioinformatics analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, Cervello M. GSK-3 in liver diseases: Friend or foe? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118743. [PMID: 32417256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases, including hepatitis due to hepatitis B or C virus infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma pose major challenges for overall health due to limited curative treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. A better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases can help to improve the efficacy of emerging therapies, mainly based on pharmacological approaches, which influence one or more specific molecules involved in key signal transduction pathways. These emerging therapies are very promising for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. One promising druggable molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). In this review, we discuss conditions in which GSK-3 is implicated in liver diseases. In addition, we explore newly emerging drugs that target GSK-3β, as well as their potential use in and impact on the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Rodríguez-Hernández MA, Chapresto-Garzón R, Cadenas M, Navarro-Villarán E, Negrete M, Gómez-Bravo MA, Victor VM, Padillo FJ, Muntané J. Differential effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 2D/3D culture according to cell differentiation, p53 status and mitochondrial respiration in liver cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32382022 PMCID: PMC7206079 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib and Regorafenib are the recommended first- and second-line therapies in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib have shown non-inferior antitumoral activities compared with the corresponding recommended therapies. The clinical trials have established recommended doses for each treatment that lead different blood concentrations in patients for Sorafenib (10 µM), Regorafenib (1 µM), Lenvatinib (0.1 µM), and Cabozantinib (1 µM). However, very low response rates are observed in patients attributed to intrinsic resistances or upregulation of survival signaling. The aim of the study was the comparative dose–response analysis of the drugs (0–100 µM) in well-differentiated (HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7), moderately (SNU423), and poorly (SNU449) differentiated liver cancer cells in 2D/3D cultures. Cells harbors wild-type p53 (HepG2), non-sense p53 mutation (Hep3B), inframe p53 gene deletion (SNU423), and p53 point mutation (Huh7 and SNU449). The administration of regular used in vitro dose (10 µM) in 3D and 2D cultures, as well as the dose–response analysis in 2D cultures showed Sorafenib and Regorafenib were increasingly effective in reducing cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis in well-differentiated and expressing wild-type p53 in HCC cells. Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib were particularly effective in moderately to poorly differentiated cells with mutated or lacking p53 that have lower basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP, and maximal respiration capacity than observed in differentiated HCC cells. Sorafenib and Regorafenib downregulated, and Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor receptor (c-Met) in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: Sorafenib and Regorafenib were especially active in well-differentiated cells, with wild-type p53 and increased mitochondrial respiration. By contrast, Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib appeared more effective in moderately to poorly differentiated cells with mutated p53 and low mitochondrial respiration. The development of strategies that allow us to deliver increased doses in tumors might potentially enhance the effectiveness of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Chapresto-Garzón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Miryam Cadenas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Negrete
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Bravo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Padillo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain. .,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain.
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23
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Shao C, Liu G, Zhang X, Li A, Guo X. Long Noncoding RNA RMRP Suppresses the Tumorigenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Targeting microRNA-766. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3013-3024. [PMID: 32308432 PMCID: PMC7152554 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing gene (RMRP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression of RMRP in HCC tissues and cell lines was assessed by qRT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to analyze the correlation between RMRP expression and the survival of HCC patients. MHCC97H and HuH7 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-RMRP or pcDNA3.1, respectively. MTT and flow cytometry assays were conducted to examine the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells, respectively. The migration and invasion of HCC cells were assessed using wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. StarBase3.0 and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to identify the target relationship between miR-766 and RMRP. A xenografted tumor model was established in rats to evaluate the effect of RMRP in vivo. Results RMRP was down-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. Low expression of RMRP was correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. The A495 value and colony number were significantly decreased in pcDNA3.1-RMRP-transfected MHCC97H and HuH7 cells. The apoptosis rate was significantly increased in pcDNA3.1-RMRP-transfected MHCC97H and HuH7 cells. The migration rate and the number of invasive cells were significantly decreased in pcDNA3.1-RMRP-transfected MHCC97H and HuH7 cells. MiR-766 was a target of RMRP and eliminated the anti-tumor effect of RMRP on MHCC97H cells. The up-regulation of RMRP suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in rats. Conclusion Overexpression of RMRP suppressed the tumorigenesis of HCC by targeting miR-766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhua Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying City 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongpan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying City 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying City 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dongying Hong Gang Hospital, Dongying City 257000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying City 257091, People's Republic of China
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24
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Cervello M, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. New landscapes and horizons in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3053-3094. [PMID: 32018226 PMCID: PMC7041742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the sixth most frequent form of cancer and leads to the fourth highest number of deaths each year. HCC results from a combination of environmental factors and aging as there are driver mutations at oncogenes which occur during aging. Most of HCCs are diagnosed at advanced stage preventing curative therapies. Treatment in advanced stage is a challenging and pressing problem, and novel and well-tolerated therapies are urgently needed. We will discuss further advances beyond sorafenib that target additional signaling pathways and immune checkpoint proteins. The scenario of possible systemic therapies for patients with advanced HCC has changed dramatically in recent years. Personalized genomics and various other omics approaches may identify actionable biochemical targets, which are activated in individual patients, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and aberrantly activated signaling pathways capable of guiding the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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25
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Development of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Targeted Nanoparticles for Selective Delivery of Gemcitabine to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244566. [PMID: 31847085 PMCID: PMC6943439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor site is beneficial in the pharmacotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the prospective of galactosylated chitosan nanoparticles as a liver-specific carrier to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in HCC by targeting asialoglycoprotein receptors expressed on hepatocytes. Nanoparticles were formulated (G1–G5) by an ionic gelation method and evaluated for various physicochemical characteristics. Targeting efficacy of formulation G4 was evaluated in rats. Physicochemical characteristics exhibited by nanoparticles were optimal for administering and targeting gemcitabine effectively to the liver. The biphasic release behavior observed with G4 can provide higher drug concentration and extend the pharmacotherapy in the liver target site. Rapid plasma clearance of gemcitabine (70% in 30 min) from G4 was noticed in rats with HCC as compared to pure drug (p < 0.05). Higher uptake of gemcitabine predominantly by HCC (64% of administered dose; p < 0.0001) demonstrated excellent liver targeting by G4, while mitigating systemic toxicity. Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological examination as well as blood levels of the tumor marker, alpha-fetoprotein, in rats confirmed the curative effect of G4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated site-specific delivery and enhanced in vivo anti-HCC efficacy of gemcitabine by G4, which could function as promising carrier in hepatoma.
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26
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Bhagyaraj E, Ahuja N, Kumar S, Tiwari D, Gupta S, Nanduri R, Gupta P. TGF-β induced chemoresistance in liver cancer is modulated by xenobiotic nuclear receptor PXR. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3589-3602. [PMID: 31739702 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1693120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma appears as an extremely angiogenic solid tumor marked by apoptosis evasion, dysregulated cell cycle and low sensitivity to chemotherapy. TGF-β, a multifunctional cytokine, plays a pleiotropic role in the tumor microenvironment and has implications in cancer drug resistance. The current study provides novel evidence that TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance in liver cancer cells by inducing the expression of xenobiotic nuclear receptor PXR. We observed that PXR increases the expression of drug efflux transporters; therefore, accounting for exacerbated drug resistance. Additionally, anti-apoptotic nature of PXR contributes to TGF-β mediated chemoresistance as seen by procaspase-3 and Mcl-1 cellular levels. TGF-β binding to the TGF-β receptor triggers a complex downstream signaling cascade through a non-canonical SMAD-independent ERK pathway that leads to increased PXR expression. Activated ERK activates ETS1 transcription factor which is a critical regulator of endogenous PXR expression in hepatic cells. Loss of function of ETS1 abrogates the TGF-β induced PXR expression. Together these findings indicate that PXR modulates TGF-β induced resistance to chemotherapy in liver cancer cells. This underscores the need for combinatorial approaches with focus on PXR antagonism to improve drug effectiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma.Abbreviations: HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; PXR: Pregnane X receptor; CAR: Constitutive androstane receptor; P-gp/ABCB1: P-glycoproteins/ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily B member 1; MRP1/ABCC1 and MRP2/ABCC2: Multidrug-resistance associated proteins; BCRP/ABCG2: Breast cancer resistant protein; DMEs: Drug-metabolizing enzymes; CFDA: 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate; ETS1: Transcription factor E26 transformation specific sequence 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Bhagyaraj
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Infectious disease and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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27
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Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, Cervello M, McCubrey JA. RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTORC1 and TP53 pathways and regulatory miRs as therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:915-929. [PMID: 31657972 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1685501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant problem globally because of viral infections and the increasing incidence of obesity and fatty liver disease. However, it is difficult to treat because its inherent genetic heterogeneity results in activation of numerous signaling pathways. Kinases have been targeted for decades with varying results, but the development of therapeutic resistance is a major challenge.Areas covered: The key roles of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTORC1, TP53 microRNAs (miRs) as therapeutic targets are discussed and we suggests novel approaches for targeting miRs or their downstream targets to combat HCC. We performed literature searches using the Medline Database from 2000 to the present.Expert opinion: The involvement of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTORC and TP53 pathways as drivers of the disease and drug resistance is a challenge. Moreover, miRs regulate the expression of key genes in these pathways. What we and others are proposing is the prospect of targeting miRs and their downstream targets to improve conventional approaches to treat HCC. Combination approaches are often promising because multiple signaling pathways are deregulated due to diverse mutations and events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Maria R Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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28
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Zhu HR, Yu XN, Zhang GC, Shi X, Bilegsaikhan E, Guo HY, Liu LL, Cai Y, Song GQ, Liu TT, Dong L, Janssen HLA, Weng SQ, Wu J, Shen XZ, Zhu JM. Comprehensive analysis of long non‑coding RNA‑messenger RNA‑microRNA co‑expression network identifies cell cycle‑related lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1844-1854. [PMID: 31485608 PMCID: PMC6777664 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, expression profiling and interaction of lncRNAs with messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) remain largely unknown in HCC. The expression profiling of lncRNAs, mRNA and miRNAs was obtained using microarray. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were used to characterize potential functions of differentially expressed mRNAs. Cytoscape was applied to construct an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network and candidate lncRNAs were validated via quantitative PCR in 30 pairs of HCC and adjacent tumor-free tissues. In this study, 1,056 upregulated and 1,288 downregulated lncRNAs were identified, while 2,687 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in HCC compared with adjacent tumor-free tissues. Potential functions of differentially expressed mRNAs were demonstrated to significantly participate in modulating critical genes in the cell cycle, such as cyclin E1 and cyclin B2. After screening, 95 lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs and 36 mRNAs were recruited for construction of lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA co-expression network in the cell cycle pathway. Subsequently, the top 5 lncRNAs that potentially modulate critical genes in the cell cycle were selected as the candidates for further verification. Kaplan-Meier curves using the Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that 13 targeted mRNAs were associated with overall survival of HCC patients. Finally, three lncRNAs, including ENST00000522221, lnc-HACE1-6:1 and lnc-ICOSLG-11:1, are significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent tumor-free tissues. These findings suggest that lncRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of HCC via regulating coding genes and miRNAs, and may be important targets for diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Enkhnaran Bilegsaikhan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Shu-Qiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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29
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Luongo F, Colonna F, Calapà F, Vitale S, Fiori ME, De Maria R. PTEN Tumor-Suppressor: The Dam of Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1076. [PMID: 31366089 PMCID: PMC6721423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor genes in cancer. Loss or variation in PTEN gene/protein levels is commonly observed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, while germline PTEN mutations cause inherited syndromes that lead to increased risk of tumors. PTEN restrains tumorigenesis through different mechanisms ranging from phosphatase-dependent and independent activities, subcellular localization and protein interaction, modulating a broad array of cellular functions including growth, proliferation, survival, DNA repair, and cell motility. The main target of PTEN phosphatase activity is one of the most significant cell growth and pro-survival signaling pathway in cancer: PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Several shreds of evidence shed light on the critical role of PTEN in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs) homeostasis, with its loss fostering the CSC compartment in both solid and hematologic malignancies. CSCs are responsible for tumor propagation, metastatic spread, resistance to therapy, and relapse. Thus, understanding how alterations of PTEN levels affect CSC hallmarks could be crucial for the development of successful therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the most significant findings on PTEN-mediated control of CSC state. We aim to unravel the role of PTEN in the regulation of key mechanisms specific for CSCs, such as self-renewal, quiescence/cell cycle, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT), with a particular focus on PTEN-based therapy resistance mechanisms and their exploitation for novel therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luongo
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colonna
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Calapà
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Vitale
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Micol E Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Scientific Vice-Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli"-I.R.C.C.S., Largo Francesco Vito 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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30
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Chen JJ, Zhang LN, Cai N, Zhang Z, Ji K. Antipsychotic agent pimozide promotes reversible proliferative suppression by inducing cellular quiescence in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1101-1109. [PMID: 31322218 PMCID: PMC6667923 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antipsychotic drug pimozide has been found to exhibit anticancer effects. Previously, it was demonstrated that pimozide inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth, but its pharmacodynamic characteristics remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reversibility and mechanism of the ability of pimozide to inhibit cell proliferation in liver cancer. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry with Ki‑67 and PI staining. ROS production of HCC cells was detected with DCFH‑DA and inhibited with NAC treatment. Western blot assay was performed to detect the expression of related signaling molecules in HCC cells. Our results showed that pimozide promoted G0/G1 phase arrest in HCC cell lines without significant cell death. Its anti‑proliferative effects on HCC cells were reversible, consistent with involvement of cell quiescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Pimozide enhanced inhibition of HCC cell proliferation by sorafenib. In conclusion, elucidation of pimozide's reversible proliferation inhibition in liver cancer and additive activity with a well‑established anticancer drug warrants further exploration of the potential of pimozide as an adjuvant anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
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31
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Chen F, Fang Y, Zhao R, Le J, Zhang B, Huang R, Chen Z, Shao J. Evolution in medicinal chemistry of sorafenib derivatives for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:916-935. [PMID: 31306818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Traditional chemotherapy drugs are hard to reach a satisfactory therapeutic effect since advanced HCC is highly chemo-resistant. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that can suppress tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, the poor solubility, rapid metabolism and low bioavailability of sorafenib greatly restricted its further clinical application. During the past decade, numerous sorafenib derivatives have been designed and synthesized to overcome its disadvantages and improve its clinical performance. This article focuses on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of various sorafenib derivatives with modifications on the N-methylpicolinamide group, urea group, central aromatic ring or others. More importantly, this review summarizes the current status of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of reported sorafenib derivatives, which can provide some detailed information of future directions for further structural modifications of sorafenib to discovery new anti-tumor drugs with improved clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jingqing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bingchen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China; Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Yang X, Xue J, Chen J. Atractylon induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in hepatic cancer cells and inhibits growth in vivo. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5883-5894. [PMID: 31388314 PMCID: PMC6607983 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic cancer is the most common primary liver malignancy, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Atractylon is an active constituent isolated from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz., which proved to have multiple activities. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antihepatic cancer (HCC) effect of atractylon in vitro and in vivo and investigated its underlying mechanism. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell apoptosis, migration and invaison and was identified by MTT, crystal violet staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell assay. The ∆Ψm of HepG2 and MHCC97H cells were detected by Rhodamine 123. The ROS level was determined by 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Protein expression was identified by Western blot analysis. The anti-HCC effect of atractylon in vivo was evaluated by a subcutaneous tumor model. Results: The results suggested that atractylon significantly inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hepatic cancer cell lines, including HepG2, SMCC7721, and MHCC97H. Moreover, the results showed that atractylon reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), increases ROS level, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, and promotes the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, indicating that atractylon induces HCC apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Our results also demonstrated that atractylon inhibits migration and invasion of hepatic cancer cells by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, atractylon inhibited the growth of hepatic cancer and showed an inhibition effect on EMT process in vivo. Conclusion: In all, this study suggested that atractylon showed a promising anti-HCC effect with inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and blocking invasion in vitro and inhibiting growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Omran OM. EGFR and CXCR1 expression in thyroid carcinoma in Qassim Region-Saudi Arabia: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:145-151. [PMID: 31031057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence indicates an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma, especially papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in Saudi Arabia. EGFR and CXCR1 were reported to have increased expression in several human neoplasms. The goals of the present research was to investigate EGFR and CXCR1 expression in thyroid carcinoma and correlate the results to the established prognostic factors. METHODS Immunohistochemical study for both EGFR and CXCR1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid carcinomas tissues sections applying Labeled Streptavidin-biotin method (LSAB). RESULTS Remarkable high expression of EGFR and CXCR1 were observed in PTC cases (56% and 63% respectively). There was association between EGFR expression in PTC and each of histologic subtype, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis (DM), TNM staging and tumor relapse. There was statistical significant correlation between CXCR1 expression in PTC and each of histologic subtype, LNM, and tumor relapse. A significant correlation was detected between concomitant EGFR and CXCR expression and LNM, DM, increasing stage and tumor relapse. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrated, a statistically positive correlation of EGFR and CXCR1 expression in PTC compared to normal thyroid tissues and nodular hyperplasia in Qassim Region- Saudi Arabia. Concomitant high expression of both receptors were strongly correlated with LNM, DM, TNM stage and tumor relapse than did each alone. These findings suggest that EGFR and CXCR1 play crucial roles in PTC and serve as predictors of poor prognosis, biomarkers of tumor diagnosis, and potential targets of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Omran
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
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34
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Wu D, Li M, Gao Y, Tian W, Li J, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Zheng M, Wang H, Wang J, Teng T, Zhang L, Ji X, Xie Z, Ji A, Li Y. Peptide V3 Inhibits the Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:1693-1706. [PMID: 31205525 PMCID: PMC6548006 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Peptide V3 has shown anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects on S180 and H22 xenografts in nude mice. However, the detailed mechanism of action of peptide V3 has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of peptide V3 on the growth of human HCC cells were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that peptide V3 inhibited the proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion of human HCC cells. However, no obvious effect was observed in HL-7702 cells. Peptide V3 increased the apoptosis and decreased the protein levels of H-RAS, phospho (p)-RAF, p-MEK, and p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in human HCC cells. Peptide V3 suppressed the growth of human HCC xenografts by down-regulating angiogenesis and up-regulating apoptosis. In conclusion, peptide V3 could inhibit the growth of human HCC by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Novel peptides and modification strategies could be designed and applied for the treatment of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Mengling Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yingran Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Wenke Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhengguo Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Mengli Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hongju Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tieshan Teng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xinying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ailing Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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35
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Xiao X, Cheng W, Hu L, Yao W, Qian Z, Wu W. MiR-204 inhibits hepatocellular cancer drug resistance and metastasis through targeting NUAK1. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:563-570. [PMID: 30807203 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Tumor response rate of liver cancer patients towards systemic chemotherapy is low and chemoresistance can easily develop. Identifying novel molecules that can repress drug resistance and metastasis of liver cancer will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study is to determine the roles of NUAK1 and miR-204 in the drug resistance and metastasis of liver cancer and to reveal their relationship. We found that NUAK1 was increased in the tumor of primary liver cancer. Knockdown of NUAK1 significantly inhibited cell growth and migration. Moreover, NUAK1 was the direct downstream target of miR-204, and there was clinical relevance between miR-204 down-regulation and NUAK1 up-regulation in liver cancer. Furthermore, we found that miR-204 increased drug sensitivity by down-regulating NUAK1 expression. Based on these results, we identified miR-204 as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting NUAK1 expression in liver cancer, indicating both miR-204 and NUAK1 may act as promising targets for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangying Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Weiyun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Zhangxuan Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Changxing County People's Hospital, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
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36
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Mazumder A, Assawapanumat W, Dwivedi A, Reabroi S, Chairoungdua A, Nasongkla N. Glucose targeted therapy against liver hepatocellular carcinoma: In vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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El-Din MS, Taha AM, Sayed AAA, Salem AM. Ziziphus spina-christi leaves methanolic extract alleviates diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:437-445. [PMID: 30605366 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antitumor activity of a methanolic extract from the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSCL) against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats. The phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ZSCL extract were investigated. Male Wistar rats were distributed among 6 groups: (i) normal control; (ii) ZSCL1-treated rats (100 mg/kg body mass; "b.m."); (iii) ZSCL2-treated rats (300 mg/kg b.m.); (iv) rats with DENA-induced hepatocarcinoma; (v and vi) rats with hepatocarcinoma that were treated with either (v) ZSCL1 or (vi) ZSCL2. Serum liver function and levels of oxidative stress were assayed. The expression of hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, B cell lymphoma-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 oncogenes were quantified in liver samples. Histological examination of the liver tissues was performed. The ZSCL was rich in essential fatty acids, phytol, and polyphenolic flavones (luteolin and quercetin) with strong free-radical and peroxide scavenging activities and cytotoxic activity. Administration of ZSCL1 and ZSCL2 to the rats produced no toxic effects. DENA induced hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangioma by producing oxidative stress and upregulating the expression of hepatic oncogenes. Treatment of DENA-induced hepatocarcinoma with ZSCL2 ameliorated all of the abnormalities induced by DENA except for cholangioma. In conclusion, the ZSCL (300 mg/kg b.m.) displayed strong therapeutic activity against DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting oxidative stress and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Salah El-Din
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Abdel-Aziz Sayed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,b Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Salem
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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38
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Wang W, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Yang T, Li D, Huang Y, Li Q, Bai G, Shi L. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:586-595. [PMID: 30417527 PMCID: PMC6307792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high incidence and mortality malignant tumour globally. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with potential pro-apoptotic activities which widely found in many plants. In this study, we determined the effects of BA on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis in HCC cell lines and on tumour growth and pulmonary metastasis in mice. The results suggested that BA could inhibit cell viability and proliferation of HCC cell lines including HepG2, LM3, and MHCC97H. In addition, BA induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells characterised condensed nuclei and nuclear fragmentation. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that BA-induced apoptosis associated with increasing of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and decreasing of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Meanwhile, BA also reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Furthermore, BA also significantly inhibited HCC growth in vivo and blocked pulmonary metastasis of HCC by regulating the metastasis-related proteins including MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP2 without obvious toxicity. In all, the present study suggested that BA might be a promising anti-HCC drug candidate by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and blocking metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of General surgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Graduate SchoolJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Graduate SchoolJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Graduate SchoolJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General surgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of General surgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Yinpeng Huang
- Department of General surgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Internal MedicineThird Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Guang Bai
- Department of General surgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
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39
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Augello G, Emma MR, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Mongiovì S, Puleio R, Cassata G, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Gramignoli R, Strom SC, McCubrey JA, Montalto G, Cervello M. Targeting HSP90 with the small molecule inhibitor AUY922 (luminespib) as a treatment strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2613-2624. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Augello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Sarah Mongiovì
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory Palermo Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health ScienceUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health ScienceUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
- Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and SpecialtiesUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
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40
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Alves A, Mamede A, Alves M, Oliveira P, Rocha S, Botelho M, Maia C. Glycolysis Inhibition as a Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment? Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:26-40. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430144441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequently detected primary malignant liver tumor, representing a worldwide public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The HCC is commonly detected in advanced stage, precluding the use of treatments with curative intent. For this reason, it is crucial to find effective therapies for HCC. Cancer cells have a high dependence of glycolysis for ATP production, especially under hypoxic environment. Such dependence provides a reliable possible strategy to specifically target cancer cells based on the inhibition of glycolysis. HCC, such as other cancer types, presents a clinically well-known upregulation of several glycolytic key enzymes and proteins, including glucose transporters particularly glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Such enzymes and proteins constitute potential targets for therapy. Indeed, for some of these targets, several inhibitors were already reported, such as 2-Deoxyglucose, Imatinib or Flavonoids. Although the inhibition of glycolysis presents a great potential for an anticancer therapy, the development of glycolytic inhibitors as a new class of anticancer agents needs to be more explored. Herein, we propose to summarize, discuss and present an overview on the different approaches to inhibit the glycolytic metabolism in cancer cells, which may be very effective in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Alves
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - A.C. Mamede
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - M.G. Alves
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - P.F. Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S.M. Rocha
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - M.F. Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C.J. Maia
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
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41
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Barati Bagherabad M, Afzaljavan F, ShahidSales S, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer: Promises and failures. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2726-2741. [PMID: 28703890 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incidence rate nearly equal to its mortality rate. The poor prognosis of the disease can be explained by the absence of effective biomarkers for screening and early detection, together with the aggressive behavior and resistance to the currently available chemotherapy. The therapeutic failure can also be attributed to the inter-/intratumor genetic heterogeneity and the abundance of tumor stroma that occupies the majority of the tumor mass. Gemcitabine is used in the treatment of PDAC; however, the response rate is less than 12%. A recent phase III trial revealed that the combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin could be an option for the treatment of metastatic PDAC patients with good performance status, although these approaches can result in high toxicity level. Further investigations are required to develop innovative anticancer agents that either improve gemcitabine activity, within novel combinatorial approaches or acts with a better efficacy than gemcitabine. The aim of the current review is to give an overview of preclinical and clinical studies targeting key dysregulated signaling pathways in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matineh Barati Bagherabad
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soodabeh ShahidSales
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Molecular Medicine group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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42
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He B, Dai L, Zhang X, Chen D, Wu J, Feng X, Zhang Y, Xie H, Zhou L, Wu J, Zheng S. The HDAC Inhibitor Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) Supresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma alone and Synergistically in Combination with Sorafenib by G0/G1 phase arrest and Apoptosis induction. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1845-1858. [PMID: 30443188 PMCID: PMC6231215 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high activity of Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually positively correlates with poor prognosis of patients. Accordingly histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) are considered to be potential agents treating patients with HCC. In our study, we evaluated effect of quisinostat alone and in combination with sorafenib in HCC cells via inducing G0/G1 phase arrest through PI3K/AKT/p21 pathway and apoptosis by JNK/c-Jun/caspase3 pathway in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. And Western blot assay was carried out to determine expression alternations of related proteins. Moreover HCCLM3 xenograft was further performed to detect antitumor effect of quisinostat in vivo. Here, we found that quisinostat impeded cell proliferation, and remarkably induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. G0/G1 phase arrest was observed by alterations in PI3K/AKT/p21 proteins. Meanwhile the JNK, c-jun and caspase-3 were activated by quisinostat in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly quisinostat facilitated G0/G1 cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells through PI3K/AKT/p21 pathways and JNK/c- jun/caspase3 pathways. Moreover, the potent tumor-suppressive effects facilitated by quisinostat, was significantly potentiated by combination with sorafenib in vitro and vivo. The combination treatment of quisinostat and sorafenib markedly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a synergistic manner. Moreover the therapy of quisinostat combined with sorafenib could apparently decrease tumor volume of a HCCLM3 xenograft model. Our study indicated that quisinostat, as a novel chemotherapy for HCC, exhibited excellent antitumor activity in vitro and vivo, which was even enhanced by the addition of sorafenib, implying combination of quisinostat with sorafenib a promising and alternative therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Longfei Dai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingbang Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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43
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Sun W, Cabrera R. Systemic Treatment of Patients with Advanced, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emergence of Therapies. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 49:107-115. [PMID: 29453759 PMCID: PMC5948236 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, sorafenib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only systemic agent approved by the FDA in the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several other tyrosine kinase-inhibiting agents have been investigated in the first-line setting, either alone (sunitinib, brivanib, linifanib, and lenvatinib) or in combination with sorafenib (erlotinib and doxorubicin) in phase 3 trials. However, none of these studies demonstrated an improvement in survival over sorafenib. Many agents have also been tested in patients with HCC whose disease has progressed on sorafenib, but regorafenib is the only one to have demonstrated efficacy in this setting in a randomized, phase 3 trial. There were no clear survival benefits shown with everolimus, brivanib, or ramucirumab as second-line therapy. Nivolumab has also shown promising efficacy in patients with HCC who progressed on sorafenib, which was recently granted approval by the FDA, although larger confirmative trials may be considered. The treatment landscape for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular tumors has remained fairly static for the past 10 years, with multiple failed trials yield little change in the way these patients might be treated. However, recent findings for regorafenib, lenvatinib, and nivolumab have led to the most significant changes in the treatment paradigm in years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Sun
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Univesity of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA.
| | - Roniel Cabrera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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44
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Zhang J, Fang C, Qu M, Wu H, Wang X, Zhang H, Ma H, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Shi L, Liang S, Gao Z, Song W, Wang X. CD13 Inhibition Enhances Cytotoxic Effect of Chemotherapy Agents. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1042. [PMID: 30258365 PMCID: PMC6144529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious problem. Although CD13 is a biomarker in human liver cancer stem cells, the relationship between CD13 and MDR remains uncertain. This study uses liver cancer cell model to understand the role of CD13 in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy agents. Cytotoxic agents can induce CD13 expression. CD13 inhibitor, bestatin, enhances the antitumor effect of cytotoxic agents. Meanwhile, CD13-targeting siRNA and neutralizing antibody can enhance the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). CD13 overexpression increases cell survival upon cytotoxic agents treatment, while the knockdown of CD13 causes hypersensitivity of cells to cytotoxic agents treatment. Mechanistically, the inhibition of CD13 leads to the increase of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). BC-02 is a novel mutual prodrug (hybrid drug) of bestatin and 5FU. Notably, BC-02 can inhibit cellular activity in both parental and drug-resistant cells, accompanied with significantly increased ROS level. Moreover, the survival time of Kunming mice bearing H22 cells under BC-02 treatment is comparable to the capecitabine treatment at maximum dosage. These data implicate a therapeutic method to reverse MDR by targeting CD13, and indicate that BC-02 is a potent antitumor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meihua Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Huina Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- Weifang Bochuang International Biological Medicinal Institute, Weifang, China
| | - Yongxue Huang
- Weifang Bochuang International Biological Medicinal Institute, Weifang, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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45
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Hosseinzadeh F, Verdi J, Ai J, Hajighasemlou S, Seyhoun I, Parvizpour F, Hosseinzadeh F, Iranikhah A, Shirian S. Combinational immune-cell therapy of natural killer cells and sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 30214375 PMCID: PMC6131874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and typically poor prognosis of this disease that lead to late stage diagnosis when potentially curative therapies are least effective; therefore, development of an effective and systematic treatment is an urgent requirement. Main body In this review, several current treatments for HCC patients and their advantages or disadvantages were summarized. Moreover, various recent preclinical and clinical studies about the performances of "two efficient agents, sorafenib or natural killer (NK) cells", against HCC cells were investigated. In addition, the focus this review was on the chemo-immunotherapy approach, correlation between sorafenib and NK cells and their effects on the performance of each other for better suppression of HCC. Conclusion It was concluded that combinational therapy with sorafenib and NK cells might improve the outcome of applied therapeutic approaches for HCC patients. Finally, it was also concluded that interaction between sorafenib and NK cells is dose and time dependent, therefore, a careful dose and time optimizing is necessary for development of a combinational immune-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hosseinzadeh
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saieh Hajighasemlou
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Seyhoun
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frzad Parvizpour
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Iranikhah
- 4Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- 5Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,6Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr. Daneshbod Lab, Shiraz, Iran
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46
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Song X, Yin S, Zhang E, Fan L, Ye M, Zhang Y, Hu H. Glycycoumarin exerts anti-liver cancer activity by directly targeting T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65732-65743. [PMID: 27582549 PMCID: PMC5323188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycycoumarin (GCM) is a major bioactive coumarin compound isolated from licorice and the anti-cancer activity of GCM has not been scientifically addressed. In the present study, we have tested the anti-liver cancer activity of GCM using both in vitro and in vivo models and found for the first time that GCM possesses a potent activity against liver cancer evidenced by cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in vitro and tumor reduction in vivo. Mechanistically, GCM was able to bind to and inactivate oncogenic kinase T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), which in turn led to activation of p53 pathway. Our findings supported GCM as a novel active compound that contributed to the anti-cancer activity of licorice and TOPK could be an effective target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Enxiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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47
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Yang N, Li S, Li G, Zhang S, Tang X, Ni S, Jian X, Xu C, Zhu J, Lu M. The role of extracellular vesicles in mediating progression, metastasis and potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3683-3695. [PMID: 27713136 PMCID: PMC5356911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As vectors for intercellular information exchange, the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HCC formation, progression and therapy has been widely investigated. In this review, we explore the current status of the researches in this field. Altogether there is undeniable evidence that EVs play a crucial role in HCC development, metastasis. Moreover, EVs have shown great potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for the treatment of HCC. Exosomal miRNAs derived from HCC cells can enhance transformed cell growth in recipient cells by modulating the expression of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1(TAK1) and downstream signaling molecules. Furthermore, vacuolar protein sortin 4 homolog A(VPS4A) and insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1 regulate exosome-mediated miRNAs transfer. Immune cells- derived EVs containing integrin αMβ2 or CD147 may facilitate HCC metastasis. In addition, EVs-mediated shuttle of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), specifically linc- VLDLR and linc-ROR promote chemoresistance of malignant cells. Heat shock proteins (HSPs)-harboring exosomes derived from HCC tumor cells increase the antitumor effect of natural killer (NK) cells, thus enhancing HCC immunotherapy. Indeed, inhibition of HCC tumor growth has been associated with tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEX)-pulsed dentritic cells (DCs). Exosomes are also essential in liver metastasis during colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Therefore, as nucleic acid and drug delivery vehicles, EVs show a tremendous potential for effective treatment against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Yang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Li
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengguo Zhang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Tang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shunlan Ni
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Jian
- Department of The First Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Department of Respiration, Lishui People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiayin Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingqin Lu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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48
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Teroxirone suppresses growth and motility of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:997-1008. [PMID: 29653488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The prevalent human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. The small molecular weight triepoxide derivative, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-tri-one-1,3,5-tri-(oxiranylmethyl) (teroxirone), has been proved effective against the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The purpose is to further examine if teroxirone regulate growth and metastatic potential of HCC cells with aims at disclosing more of the reaction mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Measurements of cell viability and flow cytometry were conducted to test sensitivities of teroxirone against HCC cells. The signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death was unraveled by Western blotting analysis. The metastatic progression was evaluated by cell-based phenotype assay that included migration, invasion, gelatin zymography and wound assay. The in vivo drug efficiency was done in immune-deficient mice with the established xenograft tumors. KEY FINDINGS Teroxirone inhibited growth of HCC cells, but not hepatic cells. The drug induced apoptosis in HCC cells bearing mutant p53. Pretreatment of caspase-3 inhibitor restored cell viabilities by suppressing extrinsic pathway-mediated cell death. More experiments suggested that sub-apoptotic concentrations of teroxirone mitigated migration, invasion and wound healing of HCC cells. The drug reduced growth of the xenograft tumors as established in animal models by activating apoptotic death. SIGNIFICANCE The findings asserted that teroxirone is an eligible addition to the existing options as an anticancer agent to eliminate HCC.
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49
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eIF5B increases ASAP1 expression to promote HCC proliferation and invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62327-62339. [PMID: 27694689 PMCID: PMC5308730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the therapeutic advances that have been achieved during the past decade, the molecular pathogenesis underlying HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that increased expression eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) was significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics and associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. We also found that eIF5B promoted HCC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo partly through increasing ASAP1 expression. Our findings strongly suggested that eIF5B could promote HCC progression and be considered a prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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50
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Pei T, Meng Q, Han J, Sun H, Li L, Song R, Sun B, Pan S, Liang D, Liu L. (-)-Oleocanthal inhibits growth and metastasis by blocking activation of STAT3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43475-43491. [PMID: 27259268 PMCID: PMC5190038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the anti-cancer capacity of (-)-oleocanthal in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (-)-Oleocanthal inhibited proliferation and cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in HCC cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic HCC model. (-)-Oleocanthal also inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and impeded HCC metastasis in an in vivo lung metastasis model. ( )-Oleocanthal acted by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through downregulation Twist, which is a direct target of STAT3. (-)-Oleocanthal also reduced STAT3 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity, ultimately downregulating its downstream effectors, including the cell cycle protein Cyclin D1, the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and survivin, and the invasion-related protein MMP 2. Overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 partly reversed the anti cancer effects of (-)-oleocanthal, which inhibited STAT3 activation by decreasing the activities of JAK1 and JAK2 and increasing the activity of SHP-1. These data suggest that (-)-oleocanthal may be a promising candidate for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jihua Han
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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