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Xu D, Luo XM, Reilly CM. HDAC6 Deletion Decreases Pristane-induced Inflammation. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:668-678. [PMID: 39259207 PMCID: PMC11447689 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive inflammation and production of pathogenic Abs. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class IIb histone deacetylase. It has been reported that selective HDAC6 inhibition decreases inflammation in lupus mouse models. In this study, sex- and age-matched wild-type (WT) and HDAC6-/- mice on the C57BL/6 background were administered 0.5 ml of pristane or PBS i.p. at 8-12 wk of age and were euthanized 10 d later. At sacrifice, body weight and spleen weight were measured, sera were collected, and splenocytes and peritoneal cells were harvested for flow cytometry. We found pristane administration increased the spleen weight with no difference between WT and HDAC6-/- mice. Pristane administration promoted the population of CD11b+Ly6C++ inflammatory monocytes and CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. Peritoneal recruitment of these inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils was significantly decreased in HDAC6-/- mice compared with the WT mice. Flow cytometry results showed that the number of CD69+ T and B cells was increased in HDAC6-/- mice. Pristane administration also induced the IFN signature genes as determined by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, IFN signature genes were not affected in HDAC6-/- mice compared with the WT mice. In vitro studies in J774A.1 cells revealed that the selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ACY-738) increased acetylation of NF-κB while increasing Stat1 phosphorylation, which resulted in inducible NO synthase production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that although HDAC6 inhibition may inhibit some inflammatory pathways, others remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
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Cheng DW, Xu Y, Chen T, Zhen SQ, Meng W, Zhu HL, Liu L, Xie M, Zhen F. Emodin inhibits HDAC6 mediated NLRP3 signaling and relieves chronic inflammatory pain in mice. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:44. [PMID: 38144917 PMCID: PMC10739165 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain reduces the quality of life and ability to function of individuals suffering from it, making it a common public health problem. Neuroinflammation which is mediated by the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the spinal cord participates and modulates chronic pain. A chronic inflammatory pain mouse model was created in the current study by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into C57BL/6J left foot of mice. Following CFA injection, the mice had enhanced pain sensitivities, decreased motor function, increased spinal inflammation and activated spinal astrocytes. Emodin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally into the mice for 3 days. As a result, there were fewer spontaneous flinches, higher mechanical threshold values and greater latency to fall. Additionally, in the spinal cord, emodin administration reduced leukocyte infiltration level, downregulated protein level of IL-1β, lowered histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 and NLRP3 inflammasome activity and suppressed astrocytic activation. Emodin also binds to HDAC6 via four electrovalent bonds. In summary, emodin treatment blocked the HDAC6/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, suppresses spinal inflammation and alleviates chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Min Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Fangshou Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Hu YD, Wang ZD, Yue YF, Li D, Zhen SQ, Ding JQ, Meng W, Zhu HL, Xie M, Liu L. Inhibition of HDAC6 alleviates cancer‑induced bone pain by reducing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:4. [PMID: 37997785 PMCID: PMC10688768 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer‑induced bone pain (CIBP) is characterized as moderate to severe pain that negatively affects the daily functional status and quality of life of patients. When cancer cells metastasize and grow in bone marrow, this activates neuroinflammation in the spinal cord, which plays a vital role in the generation and persistence of chronic pain. In the present study, a model of CIBP was constructed by inoculating of MRMT‑1 rat breast carcinoma cells into the medullary cavity of the tibia in male Sprague‑Dawley rats. Following two weeks of surgery, CIBP rats exhibited damaged bone structure, increased pain sensitivity and impaired motor coordination. Neuroinflammation was activated in the spinal cords of CIBP rats, presenting with extensive leukocyte filtration, upregulated cytokine levels and activated astrocytes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) works as a therapeutic target for chronic pain. The intrathecal injection of the HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A (TSA) in the lumbar spinal cord resulted in decreased spinal inflammatory cytokine production, suppressed spinal astrocytes activation and reduced NOD‑like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity. Consequently, this effect alleviated spontaneous pain and mechanical hyperalgesia and recovered motor coordination in CIBP rats. It was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation assay that TSA treatment reduced the interaction between HDAC6 and NLRP3. Cell research on C6 rat glioma cells served to verify that TSA treatment reduced HDAC6 and NLRP3 expression. In summary, the findings of present study indicated that TSA treatment alleviated cancer‑induced bone pain through the inhibition of HDAC6/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Di Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Fen Yue
- Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437199, P.R. China
| | - Dai Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhen
- Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, Hubei 437000, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Qiong Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Min Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Xiong H, Chen G, Fang K, Gu W, Qiu F. Neuronatin Promotes the Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating the NF-κB Signaling. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:1128-1143. [PMID: 38299400 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096271746240103063325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the regulatory mechanisms involving neuronatin (NNAT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an ongoing challenge. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of NNAT knockdown on NSCLC by employing both in vitro and in vivo approaches. METHODS To investigate the role of NNAT, its expression was silenced in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H226. Subsequently, various parameters, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, were assessed. Additionally, cell-derived xenograft models were established to evaluate the effect of NNAT knockdown on tumor growth. The expression of key molecules, including cyclin D1, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), p65, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and nerve growth factor (NGF) were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Nerve fiber density within tumor tissues was analyzed using silver staining. RESULTS Upon NNAT knockdown, a remarkable reduction in NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration was observed, accompanied by elevated levels of apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, MMP2, and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) showed significant downregulation. In vivo, NNAT knockdown led to substantial inhibition of tumor growth and a concurrent decrease in cyclinD1, Bcl-2, MMP2, and p-p65 expression within tumor tissues. Importantly, NNAT knockdown also led to a decrease in nerve fiber density and downregulation of NGF expression within the xenograft tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that neuronatin plays a pivotal role in driving NSCLC progression, potentially through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling cascade. Additionally, neuronatin may contribute to the modulation of tumor microenvironment innervation in NSCLC. Targeting neuronatin inhibition emerges as a promising strategy for potential anti-NSCLC therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Xiong
- Department of Respiratory, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Gu
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Spasić J. Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38258065 PMCID: PMC10818982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer development and invasiveness such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Due to its ability to remove misfolded proteins, induce autophagy, and regulate unfolded protein response, HDAC6 plays a protective role in responses to stress and enables tumor cell survival. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of HDCA6 and its implications for the therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As HDAC6 is overexpressed in CRC, correlates with poor disease prognosis, and is not essential for normal mammalian development, it represents a good therapeutic target. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs growth and progression without inducing major adverse events in experimental animals. In CRC, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to reduce tumor progression and enhance the therapeutic effect of other drugs. As HDAC6 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to improve antitumor immunity by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, augmenting immune cell activity, and alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors may represent promising candidates to improve the effect of and overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Spasić
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Zhu Y, Feng M, Wang B, Zheng Y, Jiang D, Zhao L, Mamun MAA, Kang H, Nie H, Zhang X, Guo N, Qin S, Wang N, Liu H, Gao Y. New insights into the non-enzymatic function of HDAC6. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114438. [PMID: 37002569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class IIb histone deacetylase that contains two catalytic domains and a zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (ZnF-UBP) domain. The deacetylation function of HDAC6 has been extensively studied with common substrates such as α-tubulin, cortactin, and Hsp90. Apart from its deacetylase activity, HDAC6 ZnF-UBP binds to unanchored ubiquitin of specific sequences and serves as a carrier for transporting aggregated proteins. As a result, aggresomes are formed and protein degradation is facilitated by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This HDAC6-dependent microtubule transport can be used by cells to assemble and activate inflammasomes, which play a critical role in immune regulation. Even viruses can benefit from the carrier of HDAC6 to assist in uncoating their surfaces during their infection cycle. However, HDAC6 is also capable of blocking virus invasion and replication in a non-enzymatic manner. Given these non-enzymatic functions, HDAC6 is closely associated with various diseases, including neurodegeneration, inflammasome-associated diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin binding pocket of HDAC6 have been investigated. In this review, we focus on mechanisms in non-enzymatic functions of HDAC6 and discuss the rationality and prospects of therapeutic strategies by intervening the activation of HDAC6 ZnF-UBP in concrete diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengkai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - M A A Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huiqin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haiqian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ningjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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7
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Sinatra L, Yang J, Schliehe-Diecks J, Dienstbier N, Vogt M, Gebing P, Bachmann LM, Sönnichsen M, Lenz T, Stühler K, Schöler A, Borkhardt A, Bhatia S, Hansen FK. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cereblon-Recruiting Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Degraders (HDAC6 PROTACs) with Antileukemic Activity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16860-16878. [PMID: 36473103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we utilized the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to achieve the chemical knock-down of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Two series of cereblon-recruiting PROTACs were synthesized via a solid-phase parallel synthesis approach, which allowed the rapid preparation of two HDAC6 degrader mini libraries. The PROTACs were either based on an unselective vorinostat-like HDAC ligand or derived from a selective HDAC6 inhibitor. Notably, both PROTAC series demonstrated selective degradation of HDAC6 in leukemia cell lines. The best degraders from each series (denoted A6 and B4) were capable of degrading HDAC6 via ternary complex formation and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, with DC50 values of 3.5 and 19.4 nM, respectively. PROTAC A6 demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity via inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines. These findings highlight the potential of this series of degraders as effective pharmacological tools for the targeted degradation of HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sinatra
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, West Wenchang Road 458, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niklas Dienstbier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Gebing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa M Bachmann
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melf Sönnichsen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenz
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Hein-rich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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8
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HDAC6 promotes aggressive development of liver cancer by improving egfr mRNA stability. Neoplasia 2022; 35:100845. [PMID: 36334332 PMCID: PMC9640351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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9
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Barter MJ, Butcher A, Wang H, Tsompani D, Galler M, Rumsby EL, Culley KL, Clark IM, Young DA. HDAC6 regulates NF-κB signalling to control chondrocyte IL-1-induced MMP and inflammatory gene expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6640. [PMID: 35459919 PMCID: PMC9033835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated pro-inflammatory signalling coupled with catabolic metalloproteinase expression is a common feature of arthritis, leading to cartilage damage, deterioration of the joint architecture and the associated pain and immobility. Countering these processes, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to suppress matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, block cytokine-induced signalling and reduce the cartilage degradation in animal models of the arthritis. In order to establish which specific HDACs account for these chondro-protective effects an HDAC1-11 RNAi screen was performed. HDAC6 was required for both the interleukin (IL)-1 induction of MMP expression and pro-inflammatory interleukin expression in chondrocytes, implicating an effect on NF-κB signalling. Depletion of HDAC6 post-transcriptionally up-regulated inhibitor of κB (IκB), prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits and down-regulated NF-κB reporter activation. The pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 reduced MMP expression in chondrocytes and cartilage collagen release. This work highlights the important role of HDAC6 in pro-inflammatory signalling and metalloproteinase gene expression, and identifies a part for HDAC6 in the NF-κB signalling pathway. By confirming the protection of cartilage this work supports the inhibition of HDAC6 as a possible therapeutic strategy in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Barter
- Biosciences Institute, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Andrew Butcher
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Galler
- Biosciences Institute, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ellen L Rumsby
- Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Mayo Building, Salford Royal, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Kirsty L Culley
- Anglia Innovation Partnership LLP, Centrum, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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10
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Halasa M, Adamczuk K, Adamczuk G, Afshan S, Stepulak A, Cybulski M, Wawruszak A. Deacetylation of Transcription Factors in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11810. [PMID: 34769241 PMCID: PMC8583941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible Nε-lysine acetylation/deacetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTM) of histones and non-histone proteins that is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). This epigenetic process is highly involved in carcinogenesis, affecting histone and non-histone proteins' properties and their biological functions. Some of the transcription factors, including tumor suppressors and oncoproteins, undergo this modification altering different cell signaling pathways. HDACs deacetylate their targets, which leads to either the upregulation or downregulation of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, ultimately influencing tumor growth, invasion, and drug resistance. Therefore, epigenetic modifications are of great clinical importance and may constitute a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. This review is aimed to present the significance of HDACs in carcinogenesis through their influence on functions of transcription factors, and therefore regulation of different signaling pathways, cancer progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Halasa
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kamila Adamczuk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Syeda Afshan
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marek Cybulski
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
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11
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Wawruszak A, Borkiewicz L, Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Afshan S, Halasa M. Vorinostat (SAHA) and Breast Cancer: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4700. [PMID: 34572928 PMCID: PMC8468501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vorinostat (SAHA), an inhibitor of class I and II of histone deacetylases, is the first histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006. HDIs are promising anticancer agents that inhibit the proliferation of many types of cancer cells including breast carcinoma (BC). BC is a heterogeneous disease with variable biological behavior, morphological features, and response to therapy. Although significant progress in the treatment of BC has been made, high toxicity to normal cells, serious side effects, and the occurrence of multi-drug resistance limit the effective therapy of BC patients. Therefore, new active agents which improve the effectiveness of currently used regimens are highly needed. This manuscript analyzes preclinical and clinical trials data of SAHA, applied individually or in combination with other anticancer agents, considering different histological subtypes of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (E.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Lidia Borkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (E.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (E.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Syeda Afshan
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (E.O.); (M.H.)
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12
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García-Domínguez DJ, Hajji N, Sánchez-Molina S, Figuerola-Bou E, de Pablos RM, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Andrés-León E, Terrón-Camero LC, Flores-Campos R, Pascual-Pasto G, Robles MJ, Machado I, Llombart-Bosch A, Magagnoli G, Scotlandi K, Carcaboso ÁM, Mora J, de Álava E, Hontecillas-Prieto L. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 regulates expression of the oncogenic driver EWSR1-FLI1 through the EWSR1 promoter in Ewing sarcoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:5843-5853. [PMID: 34345016 PMCID: PMC8484017 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor of children and young adults in which the principal driver is a fusion gene, EWSR1-FLI1. Although the essential role of EWSR1-FLI1 protein in the regulation of oncogenesis, survival, and tumor progression processes has been described in-depth, little is known about the regulation of chimeric fusion-gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the active nuclear HDAC6 in EWS modulates the acetylation status of specificity protein 1 (SP1), consequently regulating the SP1/P300 activator complex binding to EWSR1 and EWSR1-FLI1 promoters. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs binding of the activator complex SP1/P300, thereby inducing EWSR1-FLI1 downregulation and significantly reducing its oncogenic functions. In addition, sensitivity of EWS cell lines to HDAC6 inhibition is higher than other tumor or non-tumor cell lines. High expression of HDAC6 in primary EWS tumor samples from patients correlates with a poor prognosis in two independent series accounting 279 patients. Notably, a combination treatment of a selective HDAC6 and doxorubicin (a DNA damage agent used as a standard therapy of EWS patients) dramatically inhibits tumor growth in two EWS murine xenograft models. These results could lead to suitable and promising therapeutic alternatives for patients with EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Sánchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumour Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Carmen Terrón-Camero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Flores-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Robles
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Giovanna Magagnoli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRRCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ángel M Carcaboso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumour Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville /CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.
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13
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Demyanenko S, Sharifulina S. The Role of Post-Translational Acetylation and Deacetylation of Signaling Proteins and Transcription Factors after Cerebral Ischemia: Facts and Hypotheses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157947. [PMID: 34360712 PMCID: PMC8348732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) regulate transcription and the most important functions of cells by acetylating/deacetylating histones and non-histone proteins. These proteins are involved in cell survival and death, replication, DNA repair, the cell cycle, and cell responses to stress and aging. HDAC/HAT balance in cells affects gene expression and cell signaling. There are very few studies on the effects of stroke on non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in brain cells. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to be effective in protecting the brain from ischemic damage. However, the role of different HDAC isoforms in the survival and death of brain cells after stroke is still controversial. HAT/HDAC activity depends on the acetylation site and the acetylation/deacetylation of the main proteins (c-Myc, E2F1, p53, ERK1/2, Akt) considered in this review, that are involved in the regulation of cell fate decisions. Our review aims to analyze the possible role of the acetylation/deacetylation of transcription factors and signaling proteins involved in the regulation of survival and death in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, pr. Stachki 194/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sharifulina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, pr. Stachki 194/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Neuroscience Center HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Santos-Mena AO, Rivas-Santiago B. Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases. Peptides 2021; 140:170527. [PMID: 33744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an important growing public health problem, which perspective has worsened due to the increasing number of drug-resistant strains in the last few years. Although diverse solutions have been proposed, one viable solution could be the use of immune system modulators. The induction of the immune response can be increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC), which in turn modulate the chromatin and increase the activation of different cellular pathways and nuclear factors such as STAT3, HIF-1α NF-kB, C/EBPα and, AP-1. These pathways are capable to promote several immune response-related molecules including those with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that lead to the elimination of pathogens including multi drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alan O Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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15
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Sun S, Zhao W, Li Y, Chi Z, Fang X, Wang Q, Han Z, Luan Y. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel HDAC inhibitors with tetrahydrobenzothiazole as the skeleton. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104652. [PMID: 33497873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HDACs as important targets for cancer therapy have attracted extensive attentions. In this work, a series of sixteen hydroxamic acid based HDAC inhibitors were designed and synthesized with 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole as the structural core. Majority of them exhibited potent inhibitory activities against HDACs and one leading compound 6h was dug out. 6h was proven to be a pan-HDAC inhibitor and displayed high cytotoxicity against seven human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in low micromolar range. 6h could arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Moreover, compound 6h exhibited remarkable anti-migration and anti-angiogenesis activities. At the same time, 6h was able to elevate the expression of acetylated α-tubulin and acetylated histone H3 in a dose-dependent manner. Docking simulation revealed that 6h fitted well into the active sites of HDAC2 and 6. Finally, compound 6h also exerted potent antitumor effects in an A549 zebrafish xenograft model. Our study demonstrated that compound 6h was a promising candidate for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwei Chi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xixi Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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16
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Wen HY, Wang SF, Li CH, Yeh YT, Chiang CC. Real-Time and Sensitive Immunosensor for Label-Free Detection of Specific Antigen with a Comb of Microchannel Long-Period Fiber Grating. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15989-15996. [PMID: 33269917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a comb of microchannel and immunosensor based on long-period fiber grating using the process of Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung-like micro-electromechanical systems (LIGA-like MEMS) for real-time and label-free detection of specific antigen. The coupling between propagating core and cladding modes was conducted from the comb of microchannel long-period fiber grating (CM-LPFG). The CM-LPFG-based immunosensor consisted of a microchannel structure through photoresist stacking processes and was sandwiched with an optical fiber to obtain a long-period structure. Specific immunoglobulin against protein antigen was immobilized onto an optical fiber surface and produced a real-time resonance effect on sensing specific protein antigen from the extracted protein mixtures of the cancer cell lines. The variable transmission loss was -14.07 dB, and the resonant wavelength shift was 11.239 nm. The low limit of detection for total protein concentration was 1.363 ng/μL. Our results revealed that the CM-LPFG-based immnosensor for real-time detection of label-free protein antigen is feasible and sensitive based on the diversification of a transmission loss and achieves specific immunosensing purposes for lab-on-fiber technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Wen
- Department of Mechanical of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Wang
- Department of Mechanical of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Li
- Department of Mechanical of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Chiang
- Department of Mechanical of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
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17
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Pulya S, Amin SA, Adhikari N, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. HDAC6 as privileged target in drug discovery: A perspective. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105274. [PMID: 33171304 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HDAC6, a class IIB HDAC isoenzyme, stands unique in its structural and physiological functions. Besides histone modification, largely due to its cytoplasmic localization, HDAC6 also targets several non-histone proteins including Hsp90, α-tubulin, cortactin, HSF1, etc. Thus, it is one of the key regulators of different physiological and pathological disease conditions. HDAC6 is involved in different signaling pathways associated with several neurological disorders, various cancers at early and advanced stage, rare diseases and immunological conditions. Therefore, targeting HDAC6 has been found to be effective for various therapeutic purposes in recent years. Though several HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) have been developed till date, only two ACY-1215 (ricolinostat) and ACY-241 (citarinostat) are in the clinical trials. A lot of work is still needed to pinpoint strictly selective as well as potent HDAC6i. Considering the recent crystal structure of HDAC6, novel HDAC6is of significant therapeutic value can be designed. Notably, the canonical pharmacophore features of HDAC6is consist of a zinc binding group (ZBG), a linker function and a cap group. Significant modifications of cap function may lead to achieve better selectivity of the inhibitors. This review details the study about the structural biology of HDAC6, the physiological and pathological role of HDAC6 in several disease states and the detailed structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the known HDAC6is. This detailed review will provide key insights to design novel and highly effective HDAC6i in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Pulya
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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18
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Chang S, Wang LHC, Chen BS. Investigating Core Signaling Pathways of Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis for Biomarkers Identification and Drug Discovery via Systems Biology and Deep Learning Method. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090320. [PMID: 32878239 PMCID: PMC7555687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, poor understanding of its pathogenesis often gives rise to intractable immune escape and prognosis recurrence. Thus, a valid systematic approach based on big data mining and genome-wide RNA-seq data is imperative to further investigate the pathogenetic mechanism and identify biomarkers for drug design. In this study, systems biology method was applied to trim false positives from the host/pathogen genetic and epigenetic interaction network (HPI-GEN) under HBV infection by two-side RNA-seq data. Then, via the principal network projection (PNP) approach and the annotation of KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, significant biomarkers related to cellular dysfunctions were identified from the core cross-talk signaling pathways as drug targets. Further, based on the pre-trained deep learning-based drug-target interaction (DTI) model and the validated pharmacological properties from databases, i.e., drug regulation ability, toxicity, and sensitivity, a combination of promising multi-target drugs was designed as a multiple-molecule drug to create more possibility for the treatment of HBV infection. Therefore, with the proposed systems medicine discovery and repositioning procedure, we not only shed light on the etiologic mechanism during HBV infection but also efficiently provided a potential drug combination for therapeutic treatment of Hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chang
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signal Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kottorou AE, Kalofonou M, Kalofonos HP. The Fire Within: NF-κB Involvement in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4025-4036. [PMID: 32616502 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four years since its discovery, NF-κB remains a transcription factor with great potential for cancer therapy. However, NF-κB-targeted therapies have yet to find a way to be clinically translatable. Here, we focus exclusively on the role of NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss its contributing effect on cancer hallmarks such as inflammation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, metabolism, and therapy resistance. In addition, we present our current knowledge of the clinical significance of NF-κB and its involvement in the treatment of patients with NSCLC with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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20
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Lu M, Wu Y, Zeng B, Sun J, Li Y, Luo J, Wang L, Yi Z, Li H, Ren G. CircEHMT1 inhibits metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by modulating miR-1233-3p/KLF4/MMP2 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:306-313. [PMID: 32209259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CircRNA is a kind of covalent head-to-tail looped RNA and plays an important role in tumor development. However, the identification of new potential targetable circRNAs to inhibit cancer development is still a huge challenge. In this study, we found that circEHMT1 inhibited migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we identified miR-1233-3p as a target of circEHMT1, and the circEHMT1/miR-1233-3p axis regulated matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) by modulating the transcription factor Krϋppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). In summary, we showed that circEHMT1 has potential as a prognostic factor in breast cancer and played a tumor suppressor role via the circEHMT1/miR-1233-3p/KLF4/MMP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushen Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beilei Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziying Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Icariside II suppresses cervical cancer cell migration through JNK modulated matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110013. [PMID: 32092821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis contributes a lot to cervical cancer high mortality rate. Icariside II is the principal component of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim and the major functional part to its therapeutic properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of Icariside II on cervical cancer metastasis remain unclear. Using female BALB/c mice with 60 mm3 tumors, we injected mice tail with 25 mg/kg body weight Icariside II or DMSO. After harvesting the tumor, immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to detect MMP2/9 levels. Icariside II injection significantly inhibited MMP2/9 protein expression. The cell migration assays revealed that Icarisdie II inhibited the wound closure rate and the ability of Hela cell crossing the transwell chambers. Further, the key regulators in NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway were detected in xenograft tumor and Hela cells by qPCR and western blot. JNK was screened out from several important signaling molecules, which had the same expression trend with MMP2/9. Finally, both 5 μM and 30 μM Icariside II weakened JNK-MMP2/9 signaling, despite the JNK activator Polyphyllin I and Anisomycin reversed the deficiencies. In this study, we proved that Icariside II can inhibit cervical cancer cells migration through JNK-MMP2/9 signaling pathway and is a prospective drug with high-chemopreventive effects on cervical cancer cell metastasis.
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Li D, Ding X, Xie M, Huang Z, Han P, Tian D, Xia L. CAMSAP2-mediated noncentrosomal microtubule acetylation drives hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3749-3766. [PMID: 32206120 PMCID: PMC7069094 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Emerging evidence suggests that noncentrosomal microtubules play an essential role in intracellular transport, cell polarity and cell motility. Whether these noncentrosomal microtubules exist or function in cancer cells remains unclear. Methods: The expression and prognostic values of CAMSAP2 and its functional targets were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in two independent HCC cohorts. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation were used for detection of CAMSAP2-decorated noncentrosomal microtubule. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase report assays were used to determine the c-Jun binding sites in HDAC6 promoter region. In vitro migration and invasion assays and in vivo orthotopic metastatic models were utilized to investigate invasion and metastasis. Results: We reported a microtubule minus‑end‑targeting protein, CAMSAP2, is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated with poor prognosis. CAMSAP2 was specifically deposited on microtubule minus ends to serve as a “seed” for noncentrosomal microtubule outgrowth in HCC cells. Upon depletion of CAMSAP2, the noncentrosomal microtubule array was transformed into a completely radial centrosomal pattern, thereby impairing HCC cell migration and invasion. We further demonstrated that CAMSAP2 cooperates with EB1 to regulate microtubule dynamics and invasive cell migration via Trio/Rac1 signaling. Strikingly, both immunofluorescence staining and western blotting showed that CAMSAP2 depletion strongly reduced the abundance of acetylated microtubules in HCC cells. Our results revealed that HDAC6, a promising target for cancer therapy, was inversely downregulated in HCC and uniquely endowed with tumor-suppressive activity by regulation CAMSAP2-mediated microtubule acetylation. Mechanistically, CAMSAP2 activates c-Jun to induce transrepression of HDAC6 through Trio-dependent Rac1/JNK pathway. Furthermore, NSC23766, a Rac1-specific inhibitor significantly inhibited CAMSAP2-mediated HCC invasion and metastasis. Conclusions: CAMSAP2 is functionally, mechanistically, and clinically oncogenic in HCC. Targeting CAMSAP2-mediated noncentrosomal microtubule acetylation may provide new therapeutic strategies for HCC metastasis.
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Pharmacological intervention of histone deacetylase enzymes in the neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2020; 243:117278. [PMID: 31926248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversal of aging symptoms and related disorders are the challenging task where epigenetic is a crucial player that includes DNA methylation, histone modification; chromatin remodeling and regulation that are linked to the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Overexpression of various histone deacetylase (HDACs) can activate Glycogen synthase kinase 3 which promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau and inhibits its degradation. While HDAC is important for maintaining the neuronal morphology and brain homeostasis, at the same time, these enzymes are promoting neurodegeneration, if it is deregulated. Different experimental models have also confirmed the neuroprotective effects caused by HDAC enzymes through the regulation of neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, and metabolic dysfunction. Apart from transcriptional regulation, protein-protein interaction, histone post-translational modifications, deacetylation mechanism of non-histone protein and direct association with disease proteins have been linked to neuronal imbalance. Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) can be able to alter gene expression and shown its efficacy on experimental models, and in clinical trials for NDD's and found to be a very promising therapeutic agent with certain limitation, for instance, non-specific target effect, isoform-selectivity, specificity, and limited number of predicted biomarkers. Herein, we discussed (i) the catalytic mechanism of the deacetylation process of various HDAC's in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, (ii) how HDACs are participating in neuroprotection as well as in neurodegeneration, (iii) a comprehensive role of HDACi in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and (iv) therapeutic role of biomolecules to modulate HDACs.
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Chuang HH, Hsu JF, Chang HL, Wang PH, Wei PJ, Wu DW, Huang MS, Hsiao M, Yang CJ. Pin1 coordinates HDAC6 upregulation with cell migration in lung cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2635-2643. [PMID: 33162791 PMCID: PMC7645340 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) controls many cellular processes via its catalyzing deacetylation of downstream substrates or interacting with its partner proteins. Dysregulation of HDAC6 signaling links to many diseases. Our previous study has been reported peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, and NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) involving in HDAC6-mediated cell motility. To gain insight into precisely coordination of HDAC6 and Pin1 in cell migration, shRNA-mediated gene silencing and ectopic expression were applied to manipulate protein expression level to evaluate relationship between HDAC6 and Pin1 expression. Quantitative RT-PCR and the cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay resulted in HDAC6 expression is correlated with Pin1 level in H1299 cells. It hints that the Pin1 increases HDAC6 expression through increased transcripts and posttranslational stabilization. Furthermore, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay evidenced the contribution of Pin1 on cell motility in H1299 cells. Our data suggest that Pin1 acts as an important regulator to manage HDAC6 expression for cell motility in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Feng Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hui Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ju Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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25
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Interactions between two regulatory proteins of microtubule dynamics, HDAC6, TPPP/p25, and the hub protein, DYNLL/LC8. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118556. [PMID: 31505170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of unwanted proteins is important in protein quality control cooperating with the dynein/dynactin-mediated trafficking along the acetylated microtubule (MT) network. Proteins associated directly/indirectly with tubulin/MTs play crucial roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Our studies focus on the interrelationship of the tubulin deacetylase HDAC6, the MT-associated TPPP/p25 with its deacetylase inhibitory potency and the hub dynein light chain DYNLL/LC8, constituent of dynein and numerous other protein complexes. In this paper, evidence is provided for the direct interaction of DYNLL/LC8 with TPPP/p25 and HDAC6 and their assembly into binary/ternary complexes with functional potency. The in vitro binding data was obtained with recombinant proteins and used for mathematical modelling. These data and visualization of their localizations by bimolecular fluorescence complementation technology and immunofluorescence microscopy in HeLa cells revealed the promoting effect of TPPP/p25 on the interaction of DYNLL/LC8 with both tubulin and HDAC6. Localization of the LC8-2-TPPP/p25 complex was observed on the MT network in contrast to the LC8-2-HDAC6 complex, which was partly translocated to the nucleus. LC8-2 did not influence directly the acetylation of the MT network. However, the binding of TPPP/p25 to a new binding site of DYNLL/LC8, outside the canonical binding groove, counteracted the TPPP/p25-derived hyperacetylation of the MT network. Our data suggest that multiple associations of the regulatory proteins of the MT network could ensure fine tuning in the regulation of the intracellular trafficking process either by the complexation of DYNLL/LC8 with new partners or indirectly by the modulation of the acetylation level of the MT network.
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Xie X, Luo K, Li Y, Ling Y, Zhang S, Xie X, Wen J. Histone deacetylase 6 expression in metastatic lymph nodes is a valuable prognostic marker for resected node-positive esophageal squamous cell cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5451-5460. [PMID: 30519093 PMCID: PMC6234999 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s178575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) exerts enzymatic deacetylation activity on histones and on non-histone substrates and plays a key role in microtubule dynamics and chaperone activities. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated its role in cancer progression. However, its clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) has not been elucidated. We investigated the correlation of HDAC6 expression and clinical outcome in a group of T3N1–3M0 surgically resected ESCCs. Methods Tissue microarrays were conducted on 209 surgically resected T3N1–3M0 ESCC tumors, including 163 pairs of primary tumors (PTs) and their corresponding metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). Immunohistochemistry was utilized to evaluate HDAC6 protein levels. The relationship between patient outcomes and HDAC6 expression was analyzed statistically. Results The level of HDAC6 expression in ESCC MLNs was found to be significantly lower than that in PTs (P<0.001). Patients with lower MLN HDAC6 expression demonstrated improved overall survival (P=0.011) and disease-free survival (P=0.012) than those with higher HDAC6 expression. HDAC6 expression levels in PTs revealed no prognostic significance. Multivariate analysis showed that the MLN HDAC6 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (HR 1.456, P=0.029) and disease-free survival (HR 1.432, P=0.033). Conclusion High expression of HDAC6 in MLNs but not in PTs suggests a poor prognosis for patients with resected T3N1–3M0 ESCC. We should take into account the protein expression of MLNs when assessing prognosis in patients with lymph-node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongjia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuishen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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Yu JJ, Pi WS, Cao Y, Peng AF, Cao ZY, Liu JM, Huang SH, Liu ZL, Zhang W. Let-7a inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth and lung metastasis by targeting Aurora-B. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6305-6315. [PMID: 30568492 PMCID: PMC6267740 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating studies showed that the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) was dysregulated in osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of let-7a on OS progression and its potential molecular mechanism. Patients and methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression level of let-7a and Aurora-B (AURKB) in OS tissues and cells. The OS cells were treated with let-7a mimic, let7a inhibitor, negative mimic and Lv-AURKB combined with let-7a. The ability of cell proliferation, migration and invasion was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. The protein of AURKB, NF-κβp65, MMP2 and MMP9 was measured by Western blot analysis. Xenograft model was performed to investigate the effects of let-7a on tumor growth and metastasis. The lung metastasis was measured by counting the metastatic node using H&E staining. Results Let-7a expression was significantly underexpressed in OS cell lines and tissues compared with human osteoblast cell lines, hFOB1.19, and adjacent normal bone tissues. Exogenous let-7a inhibited the viability, migratory and invasive ability of OS cells in vitro. In addition, the overexpression of AURKB in OS cells could partly rescue let-7a-mediated tumor inhibition. Also, the overexpression of let-7a inhibited OS cell growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, the results showed that let-7a could decrease the expression of NF-κβp65, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins by targeting AURKB in OS cells. Conclusion Let-7a inhibits the malignant phenotype of OS cells by targeting AURKB at least partially. Targeting let-7a and AURKB/NF-κβ may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wen-Sen Pi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Clinical Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fen Peng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shan-Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
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Prior R, Van Helleputte L, Klingl YE, Van Den Bosch L. HDAC6 as a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:993-1007. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1541235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prior
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Van Helleputte
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Eileen Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Chuang HH, Huang MS, Wang PH, Liu YP, Hsiao M, Yang CJ. Pin1 Is Involved in HDAC6-mediated Cancer Cell Motility. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1573-1581. [PMID: 30443180 PMCID: PMC6216049 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a member of the HDAC enzymes, has been reported to play substantial roles in many cellular processes. Evidence shows that deregulation of HDAC6 may be involved in the progression of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders. However, little is known regarding the effect of post-translational modification of HDAC6 on cellular localization and biological functions. In the present study, we identified four phosphorylation sites on HDAC6 under normal conditions by mass spectrometry analysis. Two phosphorylation sites, pSer22 and pSer412, are recognized as Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) substrates. Pin1 can interact with HDAC6 and be involved in HDAC6-mediated cell motility. Pin1 depletion abrogates HDAC6-induced cell migration and invasion in H1299 lung cancer cells. The findings of this study suggest that Pin1 might regulate HDAC6-mediated cell motility through alteration of protein conformation and function. Our results indicate the complexity of activity regulation between HDAC6 and Pin1, expanding knowledge regarding the multifunctional roles of Pin1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hui Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Matrix metalloproteinase-2: A key regulator in coagulation proteases mediated human breast cancer progression through autocrine signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:395-406. [PMID: 29870887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cell invasion is attributed to the synthesis and secretion of proteolytically active matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) by tumor cells to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote metastasis. The role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in human breast cancer migration/invasion via MMP-2 up-regulation remains ill-defined; hence we investigated whether TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation induces MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer. MAIN METHODS MMP-2 expression and the signaling mechanisms were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MMP-2 activity was measured by gelatin zymography. Cell invasion was analyzed by transwell invasion assay whereas; wound healing assay was performed to understand the cell migratory potential. KEY FINDINGS Here, we highlight that TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation leads to enhanced MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer cells contributing to tumor progression. Knock-down of PAR2 abrogated TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced up-regulation of MMP-2. Again, genetic manipulation of AKT or inhibition of NF-ĸB suggested that PAR2-mediated enhanced MMP-2 expression is dependent on the PI3K-AKT-NF-ĸB pathway. We also reveal that TF, PAR2, and MMP-2 are over-expressed in invasive breast carcinoma tissues as compared to normal. Knock-down of MMP-2 significantly impeded TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced cell invasion. Further, we report that MMP-2 activates p38 MAPK-MK2-HSP27 signaling axis that leads to actin polymerization and induces cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or MK2 attenuates MMP-2-induced cell migration. SIGNIFICANCE The study delineates a novel signaling pathway by which PAR2-induced MMP-2 expression regulates human breast cancer cell migration/invasion. Understanding these mechanistic details will certainly help to identify crucial targets for therapeutic interventions in breast cancer metastasis.
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Wu X, Wang W, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang J, Qin X, Yuan D, Yu T, Chen G, Mi Y, Mou J, Cui J, Hu A, E Y, Pei D. High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker of Lung Cancer and Promotes Its Invasion and Metastasis by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in a Nuclear Factor- κB-Dependent Manner. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3453706. [PMID: 29850505 PMCID: PMC5933054 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3453706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported a significant role of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in lung cancer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the expression of HMGB1 and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of lung cancer. In addition, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the role of HMGB1 in lung cancer are still unknown. We therefore investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance as well as the potential role of HMGB1 in the development and progression of lung cancer. HMGB1 expression in the tumor tissues of the cohort correlated with clinicopathological features. Moreover, lung cell migration and invasion were significantly increased after treatment with HMGB1. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and activity were upregulated after treatment with HMGB1, while the upregulated expression of MMP-2 stimulated by HMGB1 in lung cancer cells was significantly reduced with the blockage of si-p65. These results indicated that HMGB1 expression was significantly associated with lung cancer progression. We also showed that HMGB1 promoted lung cancer invasion and metastasis by upregulating the expression and activity of MMP-2 in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggested that HMGB1 may be a potential prognosis and therapeutic marker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiangqun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiaobin Qin
- Department of Tumor, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dawei Yuan
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Tumor, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jinpeng Cui
- Clinical Laboratory of Yantaishan Hospital, No. 91, Jiefang Road, Yantai, Shandong 264001, China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yunxiang E
- Department of Tumor, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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Winerdal ME, Krantz D, Hartana CA, Zirakzadeh AA, Linton L, Bergman EA, Rosenblatt R, Vasko J, Alamdari F, Hansson J, Holmström B, Johansson M, Winerdal M, Marits P, Sherif A, Winqvist O. Urinary Bladder Cancer Tregs Suppress MMP2 and Potentially Regulate Invasiveness. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:528-538. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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PKCε phosphorylates MIIP and promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through inhibition of RelA deacetylation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 29038521 PMCID: PMC5643311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling is implicated in NF-κB activation. However, the concrete mechanisms by which the core transducer of NF-κB signaling pathway, RelA/p65 is regulated under EGFR activation remains to be further clarified. Here, we show that EGF stimulation induces PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) at Ser303; this phosphorylation promotes the interaction between MIIP and RelA in the nucleus, by which MIIP prevents histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated RelA deacetylation, and thus enhances transcriptional activity of RelA and facilitates tumor metastasis. Meanwhile PP1, which functions as a phosphatase, is found to mediate MIIP-S303 dephosphorylation and its expression level inversely correlates with metastatic capability of tumor cells. Moreover, clinical analyses indicate the level of MIIP-S303 phosphorylation correlates with colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and prognosis. These findings uncover an unidentified mechanism underlying the precise regulation of NF-κB by EGF, and highlight the critical role of nuclear MIIP in tumor metastasis.In colorectal cancer, EGFR signalling is implicated in metastasis. Here, the authors unravel a mechanism through which EGF stimulation induces MIIP phosphorylation, leading to MIIP interacting with RelA-this prevents RelA deactylation and enhances transcriptional activity, facilitating metastasis.
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HADC5 deacetylates MKL1 to dampen TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory gene transcription in macrophages. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94235-94246. [PMID: 29212224 PMCID: PMC5706870 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-dependent inflammatory response on the one hand functions as a key line of defense in host immunity but on the other hand underlies the pathogenesis of a host of human pathologies when aberrantly activated. Our previous investigations have led to the identification of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) as a key co-factor of NF-κB/p65 participating in TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription in macrophages. How post-translational modifications contribute to the modulation of MKL1 activity remains an underexplored subject matter. Here we report that the lysine deacetylase HDAC5 interacts with and deacetylates MKL1 in cells. TNF-α treatment down-regulates HDAC5 expression and expels HDAC5 from the promoters of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages. In contrast, over-expression of HDAC5 attenuates TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription. Mechanistically, HDAC5-mediated MKL1 deacetylation disrupts the interaction between MKL1 and p65. In addition, deacetylation of MKL1 by HDAC5 blocks its nuclear translocation in response to TNF-α treatment. In conclusion, our work has identified an important pathway that contributes to the regulation of pro-inflammatory response in macrophages.
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35
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The role of prostate tumor overexpressed 1 in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12451-12471. [PMID: 28029646 PMCID: PMC5355357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Gu L, Zhang J, Shi M, Peng C. The effects of miRNA-1180 on suppression of pancreatic cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2798-2806. [PMID: 28670370 PMCID: PMC5489882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of miR-1180 on pancreatic cancer. We sampled adjacent cancer and carcinoma tissues from 30 pancreatic cancer patients and measured miR-1180 expression by qRT-PCR and NF-κB protein expression by immunohistochemistry. To explore the effects of this miRNA in cell culture, we used pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells that received only vehicle (negative control, NC), miR-1180 mimic, or miR-1180-inhibitor. Cells were treated with cisplatin to induce apoptosis. Proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and cell migration were assessed in the three cell groups. The expression levels of relevant proteins (TNIP2, NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bax, Bcl-2, p21, and cyclin D1) in each cell group were determined by western blotting. Compared with healthy tissue adjacent to carcinoma tissues, miR-1180 expression in cancer tissues was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). NF-κB protein had a similar expression pattern to miR-1180; miR-1180 expression was positively correlated with NF-κB expression. The invasion and wound healing abilities of miR-1180-inhibited cells were significantly reduced compared with the NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05). The cell proliferation rate of miR-1180-inihibited cells was also significantly lower than that of NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05), while the cell apoptosis and G1 phase rates of miR-1180-inihibited cells were significantly higher than the NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, suppressing miR-1180 expression may exert anti-cancer effects on pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of TNIP 2/NF-κB signaling and the downstream MMP-2/-9, Bax, Bcl-2, p21, and cyclin D1 factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
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Zhang X, Rong X, Chen Y, Su L. Methylation-mediated loss of SFRP2 enhances invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:155-162. [PMID: 29320940 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117693071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) largely results from its invasive manner. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) have been recently found to suppress the invasiveness of some cancers. On the other hand, the methylation of SFRPs increases protein degradation to reduce the activity of SFRPs, resulting in increased tumor cell invasion and cancer metastasis. However, the role of SFRPs in the invasion of NSCLC has not been reported. Here we analyzed the regulation of SFRPs in NSCLC cells and its effects on cell invasion. We found that SFRP2 mRNA was significantly decreased and methylation of SFRP2 gene was significantly increased in NSCLC tissue, compared to the paired adjacent nontumor tissue. Moreover, SFRP2 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC cell lines. In NSCLC cell lines, the SFRP2 expression would be restored by the demethylation of SFRP2 gene with 5'-aza-deoxycytidine in NSCLC cell lines, at the levels of both mRNA and protein. Thus, the cell invasion would be suppressed. Furthermore, the demethylation of SFRP2 gene appeared to inhibit Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), two key factors that enhance NSCLC cell invasion. Thus, SFRP2 may inhibit NSCLC invasion by suppressing ZEB1 and MMP9, while its methylation promotes NSCLC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- 1 Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - X Rong
- 1 Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Y Chen
- 2 Department of Internal medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan Clinical School of Taishan Medical College, Ji'nan, China
| | - L Su
- 3 Department of Respiratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan Clinical School of Taishan Medical College, Ji'nan, China
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38
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Inhibition of MMP-2-mediated cellular invasion by NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ in 3D culture of breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells: A model for early phase of metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:76-81. [PMID: 28188787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells provides an environmental condition closely related to the condition in vivo. It would especially be an ideal model for the early phase of metastasis, including the detachment and invasion of cancer cells from the primary tumor. In one hand, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), an NF-κB inhibitor, is known to inhibit cancer progression and late phase metastasis in animal experiments. In the present research, we studied the inhibitory activity on the 3D invasion of breast carcinoma cells. Breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells showed the most active invasion from spheroid among the cell lines tested. DHMEQ inhibited the 3D invasion of cells at the 3D-nontoxic concentrations. The PCR array analysis using RNA isolated from the 3D on-top cultured cells indicated that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression is lowered by DHMEQ. Knockdown of MMP-2 and an MMP inhibitor, GM6001, both inhibited the invasion. DHMEQ was shown to inhibit the promoter activity of MMP-2 in the reporter assay. Thus, DHMEQ was shown to inhibit NF-κB/MMP-2-dependent cellular invasion in 3D-cultured MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that DHMEQ would inhibit the early phase of metastasis.
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39
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Wang Q, Tan R, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Su B, Li Y. Oncogenic K-ras confers SAHA resistance by up-regulating HDAC6 and c-myc expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10064-72. [PMID: 26848526 PMCID: PMC4891104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) represent a new class of anticancer drugs. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), the first HDI approved for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), is currently being tested in clinical trials for other cancers. However, SAHA has been ineffective against solid tumors in many clinical trials. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of SAHA resistance may provide the basis for improved patient selection and the enhancement of clinical efficacy. Here we demonstrate that oncogenic K-ras contributes to SAHA resistance by upregulating HDAC6 and c-myc expression. We find that the high levels of HDAC6 expression are associated with activated K-ras mutant in colon cancer patients. And expressions of HDAC6 and c-myc are increased in fibroblasts transformed with activated K-ras. Surprisingly, we find that activated K-ras transformed cells are more resistant to SAHA inhibition on cell growth and anchorage-independent colony formation. We show that a K-ras inhibitor sensitizes K-ras mutated lung cancer cells to SAHA induced growth inhibition. We also find that mutant K-ras induces HDAC6 expression by a MAP kinase dependent pathway. Our study suggests that combined treatment with SAHA and K-ras inhibitors may represent an effective strategy to overcome SAHA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tan
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Tan
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunobiology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Goracci L, Deschamps N, Randazzo GM, Petit C, Dos Santos Passos C, Carrupt PA, Simões-Pires C, Nurisso A. A Rational Approach for the Identification of Non-Hydroxamate HDAC6-Selective Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29086. [PMID: 27404291 PMCID: PMC4941420 DOI: 10.1038/srep29086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human histone deacetylase isoform 6 (HDAC6) has been demonstrated to play a major role in cell motility and aggresome formation, being interesting for the treatment of multiple tumour types and neurodegenerative conditions. Currently, most HDAC inhibitors in preclinical or clinical evaluations are non-selective inhibitors, characterised by a hydroxamate zinc-binding group (ZBG) showing off-target effects and mutagenicity. The identification of selective HDAC6 inhibitors with novel chemical properties has not been successful yet, also because of the absence of crystallographic information that makes the rational design of HDAC6 selective inhibitors difficult. Using HDAC inhibitory data retrieved from the ChEMBL database and ligand-based computational strategies, we identified 8 original new non-hydroxamate HDAC6 inhibitors from the SPECS database, with activity in the low μM range. The most potent and selective compound, bearing a hydrazide ZBG, was shown to increase tubulin acetylation in human cells. No effects on histone H4 acetylation were observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an HDAC6 selective inhibitor bearing a hydrazide ZBG. Its capability to passively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as observed through PAMPA assays, and its low cytotoxicity in vitro, suggested its potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Goracci
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Cheminformatics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Deschamps
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Marco Randazzo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Petit
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Passos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Simões-Pires
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Zhao G, Wu H, Jiang K, Chen X, Wang X, Qiu C, Guo M, Deng G. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Interferon Tau by Suppressing NF-κB/MMP9 in Macrophages Stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:516-24. [PMID: 27142785 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that interferon tau (IFNT) significantly mitigates tissue inflammation. However, this effect and its regulating pathways have not been reported for Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with S. aureus were used to identify the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of IFNT. First, IFNT was found to be noncytotoxic to macrophages treated with the high dose of 200 ng/mL IFNT. ELISA and qPCR revealed that IFNT decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. TLR2, which is involved in the immune response during S. aureus infection, directly affected NF-κB pathway activation and was also downregulated by IFNT. Subsequent Western blotting showed that the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 was inhibited by IFNT. Therefore, although the MMP9 levels were significantly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner by IFNT, little change in MMP2 was observed in S. aureus-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB, also significantly decreased MMP9 levels by inhibiting NF-κB p65 activation. All of these findings strongly suggested that IFNT suppresses the NF-κB/MMP9 signal transduction pathway and subsequently exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in S. aureus-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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