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Flori E, Mosca S, Kovacs D, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Mastrofrancesco A, Truglio M, Picardo M. Skin Anti-Inflammatory Potential with Reduced Side Effects of Novel Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:267. [PMID: 38203435 PMCID: PMC10778823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, although the balance between therapeutic benefits and side effects is still crucial in clinical practice. One of the major and well-known adverse effects of topical GCs is cutaneous atrophy, which seems to be related to the activation of the glucorticoid receptor (GR) genomic pathway. Dissociating anti-inflammatory activity from atrophogenicity represents an important goal to achieve, in order to avoid side effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, known target cells of GC action. To this end, we evaluated the biological activity and safety profile of two novel chemical compounds, DE.303 and KL.202, developed as non-transcriptionally acting GR ligands. In primary keratinocytes, both compounds demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting NF-κB activity, downregulating inflammatory cytokine release and interfering with pivotal signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory process. Of note, these beneficial actions were not associated with GC-related atrophic effects: treatments of primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts with DE.303 and KL.202 did not induce, contrarily to dexamethasone-a known potent GC-alterations in extracellular matrix components and lipid synthesis, thus confirming their safety profile. These data provide the basis for evaluating these compounds as effective alternatives to the currently used GCs in managing inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
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2
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Dodonova SA, Zhidkova EM, Kryukov AA, Valiev TT, Kirsanov KI, Kulikov EP, Budunova IV, Yakubovskaya MG, Lesovaya EA. Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17537. [PMID: 38139366 PMCID: PMC10744207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on synephrine, the principal phytochemical found in bitter orange and other medicinal plants and widely used as a dietary supplement for weight loss/body fat reduction. We examine different aspects of synephrine biology, delving into its established and potential molecular targets, as well as its mechanisms of action. We present an overview of the origin, chemical composition, receptors, and pharmacological properties of synephrine, including its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity in various in vitro and animal models. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the molecular targets and effects of synephrine with those of its metabolite, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist (SEGRA) Compound A (CpdA), which shares a similar chemical structure with synephrine. SEGRAs, including CpdA, have been extensively studied as glucocorticoid receptor activators that have a better benefit/risk profile than glucocorticoids due to their reduced adverse effects. We discuss the potential of synephrine usage as a template for the synthesis of new generation of non-steroidal SEGRAs. The review also provides insights into the safe pharmacological profile of synephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Dodonova
- Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (S.A.D.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina M. Zhidkova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.Z.); (T.T.V.); (K.I.K.); (M.G.Y.)
| | - Alexey A. Kryukov
- Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (S.A.D.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Timur T. Valiev
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.Z.); (T.T.V.); (K.I.K.); (M.G.Y.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.Z.); (T.T.V.); (K.I.K.); (M.G.Y.)
- Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny P. Kulikov
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Russian University of People’s Friendship (RUDN) University, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.Z.); (T.T.V.); (K.I.K.); (M.G.Y.)
- Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.Z.); (T.T.V.); (K.I.K.); (M.G.Y.)
- Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Russian University of People’s Friendship (RUDN) University, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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3
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Zare F, Solhjoo A, Sadeghpour H, Sakhteman A, Dehshahri A. Structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA calculations towards identification of steroidal and non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7640-7650. [PMID: 36134594 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been used in the treatment of many diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Despite the wide therapeutic effects of synthetic glucocorticoids, the use of these compounds has been limited due to side effects such as osteoporosis, immunodeficiency, and hyperglycaemia. To this end, extensive studies have been performed to discover new glucocorticoid modulators with the aim of increasing affinity for the receptor and thus less side effects. In the present work, structure-based virtual screening was used for the identification of novel potent compounds with glucocorticoid effects. The molecules derived from ZINC database were screened on account of structural similarity with some glucocorticoid agonists as the template. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed on 200 selected compounds to obtain the best steroidal and non-steroidal conformations. Three compounds, namely ZINC_000002083318, ZINC_000253697499 and ZINC_000003845653, were selected with the binding energies of -11.5, -10.5, and -9.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations on superior structures were accomplished with the glucocorticoid receptor. Additionally, root mean square deviations, root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration, hydrogen bonds, and binding-free energy analysis showed the binding stability of the proposed compounds compared to budesonide as an approved drug. The results demonstrated that all the compounds had suitable binding stability compared to budesonide, while ZINC_000002083318 showed a tighter binding energy compared to the other compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Solhjoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Sokan-Adeaga AA, Sokan-Adeaga MA, Sokan-Adeaga ED, Oparaji AN, Edris H, Tella EO, Balogun FA, Aledeh M, Amubieya OE. Environmental toxicants and health adversities: A review on interventions of phytochemicals. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231181226. [PMID: 37440795 PMCID: PMC10334012 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231181226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity arising from environmental contaminants has attracted global interest in the last few decades, due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with them. Efforts have been made to combat the consequential outcomes of environmental toxicity in humans through traditional remediation techniques and therapeutic measures which have been hampered by one or more limitations. Consequently, this scenario has triggered interest in the medicinal properties of phytochemicals. Thus, this review gives a succinct and in-depth elucidation of the various environmental contaminants and their toxicity effects on humans. It delves into the various classes of phytochemicals and their intervention roles. The study adopted a desk review of existing literatures from scientific reports and peer reviewed articles through triangulation of data sources. "Phytochemicals" are group of secondary metabolites obtained from plants with medicinal properties. These groups of compounds are included but not limited to flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenoloids, terpenoids, and phytosteroids. This review corroborates the prophylactic and therapeutics efficacy of these phytochemicals as anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and live saving substances with empirical findings from several laboratory, clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. It conclude that given the wide range of medicinal properties of phytochemicals, there is an urgent need for its full optimization in the pharmaceutical industry and future studies should focus on identifying the bioactive molecules in these compounds and its effectiveness against mixer toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Allen Sokan-Adeaga
- Department of Environmental Health
Science, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, Lead City University,
Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Micheal Ayodeji Sokan-Adeaga
- Department of Community Health and
Primary Health Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University
of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Eniola Deborah Sokan-Adeaga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of
Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hoseinzadeh Edris
- Incubation and Innovation Center, Saveh
University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Esther Oluwabukunola Tella
- Department of Environmental Health
Science, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, Lead City University,
Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Francis Adeniyi Balogun
- Department of Community Health, Faculty
of Public Health, College of Medicine, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Aledeh
- College of Health, Psychology and
Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
- Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Psychiatric
Department, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Immune regulation of poly unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acid receptor 4. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109222. [PMID: 36402250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism contributes to energy supply and plays an important role in regulating immunity. Free fatty acids (FFAs) bind to free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) on the cell surface and mediate effects through the intra-cellular FFAR signaling pathways. FFAR4, also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), has been identified as the primary receptor of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs). FFAR4 is a promising target for treating metabolic and inflammatory disorders due to its immune regulatory functions and the discovery of highly selective and efficient agonists. This review summarizes the reported immune regulatory functions of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in immune cells and immune-related diseases. We also speculate possible involvements of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in other types of inflammatory disorders.
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Andreone L, Fuertes F, Sétula C, Barcala Tabarrozzi AE, Orellano MS, Dewey RA, Bottino R, De Bosscher K, Perone MJ. Compound A attenuates proinflammatory cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells and displays beneficial therapeutic effects in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:587. [PMID: 36370223 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by an immune-mediated progressive destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent insulin secretory deficiency in cultured β-cells, mimicking the islet microenvironment in T1D. β-cells undergo physiologic ER stress due to the high rate of insulin production and secretion under stimulated conditions. Severe and uncompensated ER stress in β-cells is induced by several pathological mechanisms before onset and during T1D. We previously described that the small drug Compound A (CpdA), a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) ligand with demonstrated inflammation-suppressive activity in vivo, is an effective modulator of effector T and dendritic cells and of macrophages, yet, in a GR-independent manner. Here, we focus on CpdA's therapeutic potential in T1D cellular and animal models. We demonstrate that CpdA improves the unfolded protein response (UPR) by attenuating ER stress and favoring the survival and function of β-cells exposed to an environment of proinflammatory cytokines. CpdA administration to NODscid mice adoptively transferred with diabetogenic splenocytes (from diabetic NOD mice) led to a delay of disease onset and reduction of diabetes incidence. Histological analysis of the pancreas showed a reduction in islet leukocyte infiltration (insulitis) and preservation of insulin expression in CpdA-treated normoglycemic mice in comparison with control group. These new findings together with our previous reports justify further studies on the administration of this small molecule as a novel therapeutic strategy with dual targets (effector immune and β-cells) during autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Andreone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fuertes
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Sétula
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres E Barcala Tabarrozzi
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miranda S Orellano
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo A Dewey
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica Y Células Madre, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA and Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcelo J Perone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ), Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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A glucocorticoid-receptor agonist ameliorates bleomycin-induced alveolar simplification in newborn rats. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1551-1558. [PMID: 36068343 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are highly effective yet problematic agents against bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The dimeric trans-activation of GCs induces unfavorable effects, while monomeric trans-repression suppresses inflammation-related genes. Recently, non-steroidal-selective glucocorticoid-receptor agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) with only the trans-repressive action have been designed. METHODS Using a bleomycin (Bleo)-induced alveolar simplification newborn rat model (recapitulating arrested alveolarization during BPD), we evaluated the therapeutic effects of compound-A (CpdA), a SEGRAM. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered Bleo from postnatal day (PD) 0 to 10 and treated with dexamethasone (Dex) or CpdA from PD 0 to 13. The morphological changes and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), and C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) were investigated. RESULTS Similar to the effects of Dex, CpdA exerted protective effects on morphological derangements and inhibited macrophage infiltration and production of pro-inflammatory mediators in Bleo-treated animals. The effects of CpdA were probably mediated by GC receptor (GR)-dependent trans-repression, because unlike the Dex-treated group, anti-inflammatory genes specifically induced by GR-dependent trans-activation (such as "glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, GILZ") were not upregulated. CONCLUSIONS CpdA improved lung inflammation, inhibited the arrest of alveolar maturation, and restored histological and biochemical changes in a Bleo-induced alveolar simplification model. IMPACT SEGRAMs have attracted widespread attention because they are expected to not exhibit unfavorable effects of GCs. Compound A, one of the SEGRAMs, improved lung morphometric changes and decreased lung inflammation in a bleomycin-induced arrested alveolarization, a newborn rat model representing one of the main features of BPD pathology. Compound A did not elicit bleomycin-induced poor weight gain, in contrast to dexamethasone treatment. SEGRAMs, including compound A, may be promising candidates for the therapy of BPD with less adverse effects compared with GCs.
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Nutritional Sensor REDD1 in Cancer and Inflammation: Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179686. [PMID: 36077083 PMCID: PMC9456073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1)/DNA Damage-Induced Transcript 4 (DDIT4) is an immediate early response gene activated by different stress conditions, including growth factor depletion, hypoxia, DNA damage, and stress hormones, i.e., glucocorticoids. The most known functions of REDD1 are the inhibition of proliferative signaling and the regulation of metabolism via the repression of the central regulator of these processes, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The involvement of REDD1 in cell growth, apoptosis, metabolism, and oxidative stress implies its role in various pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recently, REDD1 was identified as one of the central genes mechanistically involved in undesirable atrophic effects induced by chronic topical and systemic glucocorticoids widely used for the treatment of blood cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of REDD1 in the regulation of cell signaling and processes in normal and cancer cells, its involvement in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the approach to safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted therapies via a combination of glucocorticoids and REDD1 inhibitors to decrease the adverse atrophogenic effects of these steroids.
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Lesovaya EA, Chudakova D, Baida G, Zhidkova EM, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG, Budunova IV. The long winding road to the safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR) targeting therapies. Oncotarget 2022; 13:408-424. [PMID: 35198100 PMCID: PMC8858080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (Gcs) are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and hematological malignancies, and despite the introduction of novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer biologics, the use of inexpensive and effective Gcs is expected to grow. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with Gcs results in multiple atrophic and metabolic side effects. Thus, the search for safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted therapies that preserve therapeutic potential of Gcs but result in fewer adverse effects remains highly relevant. Development of selective GR agonists/modulators (SEGRAM) with reduced side effects, based on the concept of dissociation of GR transactivation and transrepression functions, resulted in limited success, and currently focus has shifted towards partial GR agonists. Additional approach is the identification and inhibition of genes associated with Gcs specific side effects. Others and we recently identified GR target genes REDD1 and FKBP51 as key mediators of Gcs-induced atrophy, and selected and validated candidate molecules for REDD1 blockage including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. In this review, we summarized classic and contemporary approaches to safer GR-mediated therapies including unique concept of Gcs combination with REDD1 inhibitors. We discussed protective effects of REDD1 inhibitors against Gcs–induced atrophy in skin and bone and underlined the translational potential of this combination for further development of safer and effective Gcs-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Daria Chudakova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ekaterina M. Zhidkova
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
- Deparment of General Medical Practice, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Timmermans S, Vandewalle J, Libert C. Dimerization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Importance in (Patho)physiology: A Primer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040683. [PMID: 35203332 PMCID: PMC8870481 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a very versatile protein that comes in several forms, interacts with many proteins and has multiple functions. Numerous therapies are based on GRs’ actions but the occurrence of side effects and reduced responses to glucocorticoids have motivated scientists to study GRs in great detail. The notion that GRs can perform functions as a monomeric protein, but also as a homodimer has raised questions about the underlying mechanisms, structural aspects of dimerization, influencing factors and biological functions. In this review paper, we are providing an overview of the current knowledge and insights about this important aspect of GR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.T.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.T.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.T.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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11
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Glutamine synthetase regulation by dexamethasone, RU486, and compound A in astrocytes derived from aged mouse cerebral hemispheres is mediated via glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4471-4485. [PMID: 34491525 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate astrocyte function, while glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme highly expressed in astrocytes, is one of the most remarkable GCs-induced genes. GCs mediate their effects through their cognate glucocorticoid receptor (GRα and GRβ isoforms); however, the mechanism via which these isoforms regulate GS activity in astrocytes remains unknown. We used dexamethasone (DEX), a classical GRα/GRβ agonist, RU486, which is a specific GRβ ligand, and Compound A, a known "dissociated" ligand, to delineate the mechanism via which GR modulates GS activity. Aged Mouse Cerebral Hemisphere astrocytes were treated with DEX (1 μM), RU486 (1 nM-1 μM) or compound A (10 μM), alone or in combination with DEX. GS activity and expression, GR isoforms (mRNA and protein levels), and GRα subcellular trafficking were measured. DEX increased GS activity in parallel with GRα nuclear translocation. RU486 increased GS activity in absence of GRα nuclear translocation implicating thus a role of GRβ-mediated mechanism compound A had no effect on GS activity implicating a GRα-GRE-mediated mechanism. None of the compounds affected whole-cell GRα protein content. DEX reduced GRα and GRβ mRNA levels, while RU486 increased GRβ gene expression. We provide evidence that GS activity, in astrocytes, is regulated via GRα- and GRβ-mediated pathways with important implications in pathological conditions in which astrocytes are involved.
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12
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Bouazzaoui A, Abdellatif AAH, Al-Allaf FA, Bogari NM, Taher MM, Athar M, Schubert T, Habeebullah TM, Qari SH. Compound A Increases Cell Infiltration in Target Organs of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) in a Mouse Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144237. [PMID: 34299512 PMCID: PMC8303851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic steroids are used to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) caused by allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT); however, their prolonged use results in complications. Hence, new agents for treating aGVHD are required. Recently, a new compound A (CpdA), with anti-inflammatory activity and reduced side effects compared to steroids, has been identified. Here, we aimed to determine whether CpdA can improve the outcome of aGVHD when administered after transplantation in a mouse model (C57BL/6 in B6D2F1). After conditioning with 9Gy total body irradiation, mice were infused with bone marrow (BM) cells and splenocytes from either syngeneic (B6D2F1) or allogeneic (C57BL/6) donors. The animals were subsequently treated (3 days/week) with 7.5 mg/kg CpdA from day +15 to day +28; the controls received 0.9% NaCl. Thereafter, the incidence and severity of aGVHD in aGVHD target organs were analyzed. Survival and clinical scores did not differ significantly; however, CpdA-treated animals showed high cell infiltration in the target organs. In bulk mixed lymphocyte reactions, CpdA treatment reduced the cell proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to controls, whereas levels of TNF, IL-23, chemokines, and chemokine receptors increased. CpdA significantly reduced proliferation in vitro but increased T cell infiltration in target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Clinic 3–Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-571297636
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Faisal A. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Neda M. Bogari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohiuddin M. Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Institut für Angewandte Pathologie Speyer, Alter Postweg 1, 67346 Speyer, Germany;
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Environment and Health Research Department, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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13
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Zhidkova EM, Lylova ES, Savinkova AV, Mertsalov SA, Kirsanov KI, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG, Lesovaya EA. A Brief Overview of the Paradoxical Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 14:1178223420974667. [PMID: 33424228 PMCID: PMC7755940 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420974667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones that play multiple roles in the regulation of cancer cell differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some types of cancers, such as hematological malignancies, can be effectively treated by GCs, whereas the responses of epithelial cancers to GC treatment vary, even within cancer subtypes. In particular, GCs are frequently used as supporting treatment of breast cancer (BC) to protect against chemotherapy side effects. In the therapy of nonaggressive luminal subtypes of BC, GCs can have auxiliary antitumor effects due to their cytotoxic actions on cancer cells. However, GCs can promote BC progression, colonization of distant metastatic sites, and metastasis. The effects of GCs on cell proliferation vary with BC subtype and its molecular profile and are realized via the activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of the expression of multiple genes, cell-cell adhesion, and cell migration and polarity. This review focuses on the roles of GC signaling in the adhesion, migration, and metastasis of BC cells. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of GC actions that lead to BC metastasis and propose alternative pharmacological uses of GCs for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Zhidkova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Lylova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena V Savinkova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill I Kirsanov
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of General Medical Practice, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady A Belitsky
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lesovaya
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.,I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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14
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Hosoya T, Shukla NM, Fujita Y, Yao S, Lao FS, Baba H, Yasuda S, Cottam HB, Carson DA, Hayashi T, Corr M. Identification of Compounds With Glucocorticoid Sparing Effects on Suppression of Chemokine and Cytokine Production by Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:607713. [PMID: 33390996 PMCID: PMC7773657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years target based drug discovery has expanded our therapeutic armamentarium in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Despite these advances and adverse effects, glucocorticoids remain reliable agents that are used in many of these diseases. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids include the suppression of transcription factor activity like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). By reanalyzing data from two prior high throughput screens (HTS) that utilized a NF-κB reporter construct in THP-1 cells, we identified 1824 small molecule synthetic compounds that demonstrated NF-κB suppressive activities similar to the glucocorticoids included in the original >134,000 compound libraries. These 1824 compounds were then rescreened for attenuating NF-κB activity at 5 and 16 h after LPS stimuli in the NF-κB THP-1 reporter cells. After a “Top X” selection approach 122 hit compounds were further tested for toxicity and suppression of LPS induced CXCL8 release in THP-1 cells. Excluding cytotoxic compounds, the remaining active compounds were grouped into chemotype families using Tanimoto based clustering. Promising representatives from clustered chemotype groups were commercially purchased for further testing. Amongst these index compounds a lead chemotype: 1H-pyrazolo [3,4 d] pyrimidin-4-amine, effectively suppressed CXCL8, and TNF production by THP-1 cells when stimulated with LPS, TNF or IL-1ß. Extending these studies to primary cells, these lead compounds also reduced IL-6 and CXCL8 production by TNF stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Importantly a lead 1H-pyrazolo [3,4 d] pyrimidin-4-amine compound demonstrated synergistic effects with dexamethasone when co-administered to TNF stimulated THP-1 cells and RA FLS in suppressing chemokine production. In summary, a cell based HTS approach identified lead compounds that reduced NF-κB activity and chemokine secretion induced by potent immunologic stimuli, and one lead compound that acted synergistically with dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory agent showing a dose-sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hosoya
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nikunj M Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fitzgerald S Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Baba
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Junking M, Rattanaburee T, Panya A, Budunova I, Haegeman G, Yenchitsomanus PT. Anti-Proliferative Effects of Compound A and Its Effect in Combination with Cisplatin in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2673-2681. [PMID: 32986368 PMCID: PMC7779449 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer with high resistance to anticancer drugs. The development of new drugs or compounds to be used alone or in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic agents to improve the treatment of CCA is needed. Compound A (CpdA), which is a small plant-derived glucocorticoid receptor modulator, strongly inhibited the growth and survival of several cancers. However, the effect of CpdA on cholangiocarcinoma has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CpdA on CCA. METHODS Cytotoxicity of CpdA was tested in primary cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as on CCA cell lines (KKU-100, KKU-055, and KKU-213) was examined. Cell cycle distribution and IL-6 expression was assessed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The effect of combination CpdA and cisplatin was evaluated by cell viability assay. RESULTS CpdA significantly inhibited cell cycle at G1 phase in CCA cell lines, and reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. However, combination CpdA and cisplatin did not enhance the inhibitory effect. TGFβR-II expression was increased in CCA cells after the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the potential of CpdA for CCA treatment. However, combination treatment with CpdA and cisplatin increased CCA cell survival. The molecular mechanism is likely attributable to promotes cell survival via the TGFβR-II signaling pathway. The combination of CpdA with other anticancer drugs for CCA treatment should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutita Junking
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidarath Rattanaburee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Lesovaya EA, Savinkova AV, Morozova OV, Lylova ES, Zhidkova EM, Kulikov EP, Kirsanov KI, Klopot A, Baida G, Yakubovskaya MG, Gordon LI, Readhead B, Dudley JT, Budunova I. A Novel Approach to Safer Glucocorticoid Receptor-Targeted Anti-lymphoma Therapy via REDD1 (Regulated in Development and DNA Damage 1) Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1898-1908. [PMID: 32546661 PMCID: PMC7875139 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used for therapy of hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids commonly leads to adverse effects including skin and muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. We found recently that REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) plays central role in steroid atrophy. Here, we tested whether REDD1 suppression makes glucocorticoid-based therapy of blood cancer safer. Unexpectedly, approximately 50% of top putative REDD1 inhibitors selected by bioinformatics screening of Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures database (LINCS) were PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. We selected Wortmannin, LY294002, and AZD8055 for our studies and showed that they blocked basal and glucocorticoid-induced REDD1 expression. Moreover, all PI3K/mTOR/Akt inhibitors modified glucocorticoid receptor function shifting it toward therapeutically important transrepression. PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors enhanced anti-lymphoma effects of Dexamethasone in vitro and in vivo, in lymphoma xenograft model. The therapeutic effects of PI3K inhibitor+Dexamethasone combinations ranged from cooperative to synergistic, especially in case of LY294002 and Rapamycin, used as a previously characterized reference REDD1 inhibitor. We found that coadministration of LY294002 or Rapamycin with Dexamethasone protected skin against Dexamethasone-induced atrophy, and normalized RANKL/OPG ratio indicating a reduction of Dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. Together, our results provide foundation for further development of safer and more effective glucocorticoid-based combination therapy of hematologic malignancies using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
- I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Klopot
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Leo I Gordon
- Division of Hematology Oncology; Northwestern University; Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ben Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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17
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32824207 DOI: 10.339/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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18
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Vishnoi K, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Rana B. Transcription Factors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082296. [PMID: 32824207 PMCID: PMC7464564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process and requires constitutive expression/activation of transcription factors (TFs) for growth and survival. Many of the TFs reported so far are critical for carcinogenesis. These include pro-inflammatory TFs, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-controlling TFs, pluripotency TFs upregulated in cancer stem-like cells, and the nuclear receptors (NRs). Some of those, including HIFs, Myc, ETS-1, and β-catenin, are multifunctional and may regulate multiple other TFs involved in various pro-oncogenic events, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion, and metastasis. High expression of some TFs is also correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, constituting a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Considering the pivotal role of TFs in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop strategies targeting them. Targeting TFs, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, could emerge as a better strategy to target cancer. So far, targeting NRs have shown promising results in improving survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the TFs that play a central role in cancer progression, which could be potential therapeutic candidates for developing specific inhibitors. Here, we also discuss the efforts made to target some of those TFs, including NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.V.); (N.V.); (A.R.)
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Puxeddu E, Pane G, Cazzola M, Calzetta L. Experimental Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Asthma: A Systematic Review. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:233-254. [PMID: 32982485 PMCID: PMC7495344 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s237480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are considered the cornerstone of asthma treatment. Despite the solid evidence documenting the efficacy and safety of ICSs at the level of the airways, their use can be affected by pulmonary and systemic adverse events (AEs) when administered chronically and/or at high doses. Thus, there is a pharmacological and medical need for new glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) ligands with a more favorable therapeutic index, in order to overcome the shortcomings of currently available ICSs. The therapeutic profile of GCs can be improved by enhancing genomic mechanisms mediated by transrepression, which is assumed to be responsible for several anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions, rather than transactivation, which causes most of the GC-associated AEs. It was assumed that an independent modulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying transactivation and transrepression could translate into the dissociation of beneficial effects from AEs. Therefore, current research is looking for GCs that are able to elicit prevalently transrepression with negligible transactivating activity. These compounds are known as selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs). In this review, experimental GR agonists currently in pre-clinical and clinical development for the treatment of asthma have been systematically assessed. Several compounds are currently under pre-clinical development, but only three novel experimental GR agonists (GW870086X, AZD5423, AZD7594) seem to have some potential therapeutic relevance and have entered clinical trials for the treatment of asthma. Since data from pre-clinical studies have not always been confirmed in clinical investigations, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in asthmatic patients to confirm the potentially positive benefit/risk ratio of each specific SEGRA and to optimize the development strategy of these agents in respiratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Puxeddu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Pane
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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20
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Hamann A, Kozisek T, Broad K, Pannier AK. Glucocorticoid Priming of Nonviral Gene Delivery to hMSCs Increases Transfection by Reducing Induced Stresses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:713-722. [PMID: 32913879 PMCID: PMC7452153 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are under study for cell and gene therapeutics because of their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Safe and efficient gene delivery could increase hMSC clinical potential by enabling expression of transgenes for control over factor production, behavior, and differentiation. Viral delivery is efficient but suffers from safety issues, while nonviral methods are safe but highly inefficient, especially in hMSCs. We previously demonstrated that priming cells with glucocorticoids (Gcs) before delivery of DNA complexes significantly increases hMSC transfection, which correlates with a rescue of transfection-induced metabolic and protein synthesis decline, and apoptosis. In this work, we show that transgene expression enhancement is mediated by transcriptional activation of endogenous hMSC genes by the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (cGR) and that transfection enhancement can be potentiated with a GR transcription-activation synergist. We demonstrate that the Gc-activated cGR modulates endogenous hMSC gene expression to ameliorate transfection-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stresses, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses to prevent hMSC metabolic and protein synthesis decline, resulting in enhanced transgene expression after nonviral gene delivery to hMSCs. These results provide insights important for rational design of more efficient nonviral gene delivery and priming techniques that could be utilized for clinical hMSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hamann
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Tyler Kozisek
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Kelly Broad
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
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21
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Rokytová I, Mravec B, Lauková M, Vargovič P. Effect of rapamycin on repeated immobilization stress-induced immune alterations in the rat spleen. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577309. [PMID: 32645638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress modulates immune system functions via neuroendocrine pathways. Rapamycin inhibits activity of immune cells through the mTOR signaling pathway. We investigated the effect of rapamycin (15 mg/kg, 3-times/week) on neuroimmune-endocrine system in the spleen of rats exposed to 42 cycles of 2-h immobilization. Rapamycin enhanced the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis induced by stress exposure, prevented stress-induced expression of natural killer cell markers while reversed stress-evoked decline of Th2 immune response markers. Overall, our findings suggest that rapamycin may act on immune functions not only directly by inhibiting of mTOR in immune cells but also indirectly via modulation of neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rokytová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Mravec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Lauková
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Peter Vargovič
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Seo JH, Jin MH, Chang YH. Anti-inflammatory effect of Salsola komarovii extract with dissociated glucocorticoid activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32503533 PMCID: PMC7275605 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory drugs widely used to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, despite their excellent efficacy, the long-term use of GCs is relatively limited owing to their adverse effects. Recent studies have sought to reduce these adverse effects by developing dissociated GCs that bind to GC receptors (GRs) to induce potent anti-inflammatory effects without the transcription of GC response element (GRE)-promoted genes. Some species of the genus Salsola are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cancer, hypertension, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the potential dissociated GC activities and underlying mechanisms of Salsola komarovii (SK), which is native to Korea. Methods To determine whether SK ethanol extract (SEE) directly interacts with the GR, an in vitro fluorescence polarization based-GR competitor assay was performed. The effect of SEE on the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and GRE was confirmed in HepG2 cells using the Cignal reporter assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of SK was determined by assessing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production. To confirm whether SEE induces GRE-driven gene expression, preadipocyte differentiation followed by lipid deposition was performed in the presence of SEE. Results SEE exhibited GR binding activity in the fluorescence polarization competitive binding assay and induced GR nuclear translocation. It also interfered with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity based on the immunofluorescence analysis and reporter assay, respectively. SEE exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing LPS-induced IL-6 production as effectively as hydrocortisone (positive control). SK did not induce GRE-driven gene expression and preadipocyte differentiation, which is one of the major adverse effects of GCs. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that SK could be a novel and safe anti-inflammatory agent with dissociated GC properties and, therefore, it has great potential for use in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Seo
- LG Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Korea
| | - Mu Hyun Jin
- LG Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Chang
- LG Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Korea.
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Yorio T, Patel GC, Clark AF. Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension: Origins and New Approaches to Minimize. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 15:145-157. [PMID: 38274668 PMCID: PMC10810227 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1762488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) have unique actions in their combined anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities and are among the most commonly-prescribed drugs, particularly for inflammatory conditions. They are often used clinically to treat inflammatory eye diseases like uveitis, optic neuritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis and others, but are often accompanied by side effects, like ocular hypertension that can be vision threatening. Areas covered The review will focus on the complex molecular mechanism of action of GCs that involve both transactivation and transrepression and their use therapeutically that can cause significant systemic side effects, particularly ocular hypertension that can lead to glaucoma. Expert Opinion While we are still unclear as to all the mechanisms responsible for GC-induced ocular hypertension, however, there are potential novel therapies that are in development that can separate some of the anti-inflammatory therapeutic efficacy from their ocular hypertension side effect. This review provides some insight into these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yorio
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNTHSC
- North Texas Eye Research, Institute, UNTHSC
| | | | - Abbot F. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNTHSC
- North Texas Eye Research, Institute, UNTHSC
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24
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Davoodvandi A, Sahebnasagh R, Mardanshah O, Asemi Z, Nejati M, Shahrzad MK, Mirzaei HR, Mirzaei H. Medicinal Plants As Natural Polarizers of Macrophages: Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3225-3238. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190829154934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different physiological and
pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the inflammation mechanisms that are involved in
the inhibition or progression of a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc. It has been
shown that macrophages are generally divided into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which are distinguished on the
basis of their different gene expression patterns and phenotype. M1 macrophages are known as pro-inflammatory
cells and are involved in inflammatory mechanisms, whereas M2 macrophages are known as anti-inflammatory
cells that are involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory pathways. M2 macrophages help in tissue healing via
producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence indicated that the appearance of different macrophage
subtypes is associated with the fate of diseases (progression versus suppression). Hence, polarization of
macrophages can be introduced as an important venue in finding, designing and developing novel therapeutic
approaches. Albeit, there are different pharmacological agents that are used for the treatment of various disorders,
it has been shown that several natural compounds have the potential to regulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization
and vice versa. Herein, for the first time, we summarized new insights into the pharmacological effects of
natural compounds on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad K. Shahrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Patel GC, Millar JC, Clark AF. Glucocorticoid Receptor Transactivation Is Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1967-1978. [PMID: 31050723 PMCID: PMC6890434 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glucocorticoid (GC)–induced ocular hypertension (GC-OHT) is a serious side effect of prolonged GC therapy that can lead to glaucoma and permanent vision loss. GCs cause a plethora of changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM), an ocular tissue that regulates intraocular pressure (IOP). GCs act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and the GR regulates transcription both through transactivation and transrepression. Many of the anti-inflammatory properties of GCs are mediated by GR transrepression, while GR transactivation largely accounts for GC metabolic effects and side effects of GC therapy. There is no evidence showing which of the two mechanisms plays a role in GC-OHT. Methods GRdim transgenic mice (which have active transrepression and impaired transactivation) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice received weekly periocular dexamethasone acetate (DEX-Ac) injections. IOP, outflow facilities, and biochemical changes to the TM were determined. Results GRdim mice did not develop GC-OHT after continued DEX treatment, while WT mice had significantly increased IOP and decreased outflow facilities. Both TM tissue in eyes of DEX-treated GRdim mice and cultured TM cells isolated from GRdim mice had reduced or no change in the expression of fibronectin, myocilin, collagen type I, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). GRdim mouse TM (MTM) cells also had a significant reduction in DEX-induced cytoskeletal changes, which was clearly seen in WT MTM cells. Conclusions We provide the first evidence for the role of GR transactivation in regulating GC-mediated gene expression in the TM and in the development of GC-OHT. This discovery suggests a novel therapeutic approach for treating ocular inflammation without causing GC-OHT and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang C Patel
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Carvalho C, L'Hôte V, Courbeyrette R, Kratassiouk G, Pinna G, Cintrat JC, Denby-Wilkes C, Derbois C, Olaso R, Deleuze JF, Mann C, Thuret JY. Glucocorticoids delay RAF-induced senescence promoted by EGR1. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230748. [PMID: 31371485 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of hyperactive RAF kinases, such as the oncogenic B-RAF-V600E mutant, in normal human cells triggers a proliferative arrest that blocks tumor formation. We discovered that glucocorticoids delayed the entry into senescence induced by B-RAF-V600E in human fibroblasts, and allowed senescence bypass when the cells were regularly passaged, but that they did not allow proliferation of cells that were already senescent. Transcriptome and siRNA analyses revealed that the EGR1 gene is one target of glucocorticoid action. Transcription of the EGR1 gene is activated by the RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK pathway and acts as a sensor of hyper-mitogenic pathway activity. The EGR1 transcription factor regulates the expression of p15 and p21 (encoded by CDKN2B and CDKN1A, respectively) that are redundantly required for the proliferative arrest of BJ fibroblasts upon expression of B-RAF-V600E. Our results highlight the need to evaluate the action of glucocorticoid on cancer progression in melanoma, thyroid and colon carcinoma in which B-RAF-V600E is a frequent oncogene, and cancers in which evasion from senescence has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Carvalho
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Valentin L'Hôte
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Régis Courbeyrette
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Gueorgui Kratassiouk
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cyril Denby-Wilkes
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Céline Derbois
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Carl Mann
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thuret
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Hua S, Liu F, Wang M. Emodin Alleviates the Airway Inflammation of Cough Variant Asthma in Mice by Regulating the Notch Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5621-5629. [PMID: 31354164 PMCID: PMC6685324 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of emodin on cough variant asthma (CVA) in mice. Material/Methods The bronchial asthma mouse model was successfully established by use of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. The BALB/c mice were divided into 6 groups: a control group, an OVA model without or with emodin (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) group, and a dexamethasone (0.5 mg/g) group. The effect of the treatment was determined by measuring airway responsiveness. The levels of immunoglobulin molecules, as well as inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum, were determined by ELISA. The lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The expressions of Notch receptors (Notch 1–3) and Delta-like (DLL) 4 in the lung tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the model group, emodin treatment significantly increased the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1/IgG2a in BALF and serum (p<0.05). HE results indicated that emodin inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and that emodin reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ in BALF and serum (p<0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of Notch 1, 2, 3, and DLL4 in lung tissue were inhibited by emodin treatment. Conclusions The results demonstrated that emodin alleviated inflammation in CVA mice, which might be associated with suppression of the Notch pathway. Emodin might be a promising therapeutic agent for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Hospital of Traditional of Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengai Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Haiyang People's Hospital, Haiyang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Manman Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Biasutto L, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Azzolini M, Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M. Strategies to target bioactive molecules to subcellular compartments. Focus on natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111557. [PMID: 31374419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological targets are present in multiple subcellular compartments and have different pathophysiological roles depending on location. In these cases, selective targeting of a drug to the relevant subcellular domain(s) may help to sharpen its impact by providing topological specificity, thus limiting side effects, and to concentrate the compound where needed, thus increasing its effectiveness. We review here the state of the art in precision subcellular delivery. The major approaches confer "homing" properties to the active principle via permanent or reversible (in pro-drug fashion) modifications, or through the use of special-design nanoparticles or liposomes to ferry a drug(s) cargo to its desired destination. An assortment of peptides, substituents with delocalized positive charges, custom-blended lipid mixtures, pH- or enzyme-sensitive groups provide the main tools of the trade. Mitochondria, lysosomes and the cell membrane may be mentioned as the fronts on which the most significant advances have been made. Most of the examples presented here have to do with targeting natural compounds - in particular polyphenols, known as pleiotropic agents - to one or the other subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Dept. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Giusti D, Bini E, Terryn C, Didier K, Le Jan S, Gatouillat G, Durlach A, Nesmond S, Muller C, Bernard P, Antonicelli F, Pham BN. NET Formation in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Relapse Is Modulated by IL-17 and IL-23 Interplay. Front Immunol 2019; 10:701. [PMID: 31019514 PMCID: PMC6458298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA extracellular traps (ETs), released by neutrophils (NETs), or eosinophils (EETs), play a pathogenic role in several autoimmune disorders. However, to date, NETs have never been investigated in bullous pemphigoid (BP) with respect to clinical and immunological activities, both at baseline and at time of relapse which have been characterized with specific IL-17 and IL-23 patterns. Objective: We sought to assess whether ETs were associated with BP as well as the relative contribution of IL-17 axis cytokines to NET induction. Methods: Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from 11 patients with BP. Immuno-detection of neutrophils and eosinophils combined to DNA staining allowed us to investigate the in-situ presence of NETs and EETs using confocal scanning microscopy. NETs release was evaluated ex vivo by stimulating polymorphonuclear cells from BP patients with BP biological fluids in presence of IL-17A and IL-23 or of glucocorticoids. Results: At baseline, ETs were observed in BP lesions at the site of dermal-epidermal cleavage. Despite an important infiltrate of eosinophils, ETs were essentially associated with neutrophils in situ and were not related to BP clinical activity at diagnosis. In situ observation of NETs was associated in 6 among 8 patients with serum capacity of NET induction. Notably both blister fluid and sera from BP patients at diagnosis and at time of relapse could induce NET formation ex vivo. In contrast, a longitudinal investigation showed a decrease of NET formation with time of treatment in patients undergoing remission. Mimicking relapse, complementation of sera from BP patients with ongoing remission with either IL-17A or IL-23 increased NET formation. Conversely, IL-17A inhibited NET formation induced by serum from BP patients with relapse supplemented or not with IL-23. Finally, glucocorticoids also inhibited NET formation ex vivo in BP. Conclusion: NET formation is an associated phenomenon with BP. Furthermore, we showed that IL-23 favored NET formation, whereas the effects of IL-17A are environment dependent. Indeed, IL-17A displayed a protective effect on NET formation when associated with IL-23, showing for the first-time differential effects of these two cytokines in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Giusti
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Immunology, Reims University Hospital, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Estela Bini
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- PICT Platform, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Kevin Didier
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sébastien Le Jan
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Grégory Gatouillat
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Immunology, Reims University Hospital, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Anne Durlach
- Laboratory of Pathology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Nesmond
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Celine Muller
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Bernard
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frank Antonicelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology, UFR Odontology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Bach Nga Pham
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Reims, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Immunology, Reims University Hospital, University of Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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PI3K inhibitors protect against glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:526-537. [PMID: 30737086 PMCID: PMC6441871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin atrophy is a major adverse effect of topical glucocorticoids. We recently reported that REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) and FKBP51 (FK506 binding protein 5), negative regulators of mTOR/Akt signaling, are induced by glucocorticoids in mouse and human skin and are central drivers of steroid skin atrophy. Thus, we hypothesized that REDD1/FKBP51 inhibitors could protect skin against catabolic effects of glucocorticoids. Methods Using drug repurposing approach, we screened LINCS library (http://lincsproject.org/LINCS/) to identify repressors of REDD1/FKBP51 expression. Candidate compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit glucocorticoid-induced REDD1/FKBP51 expression in human primary/immortalized keratinocytes and in mouse skin. Reporter gene expression, microarray, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were employed to evaluate effect of these inhibitors on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Findings Bioinformatics analysis unexpectedly identified phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR/Akt inhibitors as a pharmacological class of REDD1/FKBP51 repressors. Selected PI3K/mTOR/Akt inhibitors-Wortmannin (WM), LY294002, AZD8055, and two others indeed blocked REDD1/FKBP51expression in human keratinocytes. PI3K/mTOR/Akt inhibitors also modified global effect of glucocorticoids on trascriptome, shifting it towards therapeutically important transrepression; negatively impacted GR phosphorylation; nuclear translocation; and GR loading on REDD1/FKBP51 gene promoters. Further, topical application of LY294002 together with glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA) protected mice against FA-induced proliferative block and skin atrophy but did not alter the anti-inflammatory activity of FA in ear edema test. Interpretation Our results built a strong foundation for development of safer GR-targeted therapies for inflammatory skin diseases using combination of glucocorticoids with PI3K/mTOR/Akt inhibitors. Fund Work is supported by NIH grants R01GM112945, R01AI125366, and HESI-THRIVE foundation.
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a critical regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. In mammals, the NF-κB/Rel family comprises five members: p50, p52, p65 (Rel-A), c-Rel, and Rel-B proteins, which form homo- or heterodimers and remain as an inactive complex with the inhibitory molecules called IκB proteins in resting cells. Two distinct NF-κB signaling pathways have been described: 1) the canonical pathway primarily activated by pathogens and inflammatory mediators, and 2) the noncanonical pathway mostly activated by developmental cues. The most abundant form of NF-κB activated by pathologic stimuli via the canonical pathway is the p65:p50 heterodimer. Disproportionate increase in activated p65 and subsequent transactivation of effector molecules is integral to the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases such as the rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and even neurodegenerative pathologies. Hence, the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway has been a pivotal point for intense drug discovery and development. This review begins with an overview of p65-mediated signaling followed by discussion of strategies that directly target NF-κB p65 in the context of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Giridharan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
- Provaidya LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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Mylka V, Deckers J, Ratman D, De Cauwer L, Thommis J, De Rycke R, Impens F, Libert C, Tavernier J, Vanden Berghe W, Gevaert K, De Bosscher K. The autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 mediates anti-inflammatory actions of the selective NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor modulator compound A (CpdA) in macrophages. Autophagy 2018; 14:2049-2064. [PMID: 30215534 PMCID: PMC6984772 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1495681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory disorders; however, prolonged use of glucocorticoids results in side effects including osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity. Compound A (CpdA), identified as a selective NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) modulator, exhibits an inflammation-suppressive effect, largely in the absence of detrimental side effects. To understand the mechanistic differences between the classic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and CpdA, we looked for proteins oppositely regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages using an unbiased proteomics approach. We found that the autophagy receptor SQSTM1 but not NR3C1 mediates the anti-inflammatory action of CpdA. CpdA drives SQSTM1 upregulation by recruiting the NFE2L2 transcription factor to its promoter. In contrast, the classic NR3C1 ligand dexamethasone recruits NR3C1 to the Sqstm1 promoter and other NFE2L2-controlled gene promoters, resulting in gene downregulation. Both DEX and CpdA induce autophagy, with marked different autophagy characteristics and morphology. Suppression of LPS-induced Il6 and Ccl2 genes by CpdA in macrophages is hampered upon Sqstm1 silencing, confirming that SQSTM1 is essential for the anti-inflammatory capacity of CpdA, at least in this cell type. Together, these results demonstrate how off-target mechanisms of selective NR3C1 ligands may contribute to a more efficient anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mylka
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dariusz Ratman
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,h Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB , Ghent , Belgium.,i Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,j VIB Proteomics Core , VIB , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- b Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- e PPES lab Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling , Department Biomedical Sciences - University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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Sevilla LM, Pérez P. Roles of the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Skin Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071906. [PMID: 29966221 PMCID: PMC6073661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily comprises approximately 50 evolutionarily conserved proteins that play major roles in gene regulation by prototypically acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Besides their central role in physiology, NRs have been largely used as therapeutic drug targets in many chronic inflammatory conditions and derivatives of their specific ligands, alone or in combination, are frequently prescribed for the treatment of skin diseases. In particular, glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used compounds for treating prevalent skin diseases such as psoriasis due to their anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions. However, and despite their therapeutic efficacy, the long-term use of GCs is limited because of the cutaneous adverse effects including atrophy, delayed wound healing, and increased susceptibility to stress and infections. The GC receptor (GR/NR3C1) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR/NR3C2) are members of the NR subclass NR3C that are highly related, both structurally and functionally. While the GR is ubiquitously expressed and is almost exclusively activated by GCs; an MR has a more restricted tissue expression pattern and can bind GCs and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone with similar high affinity. As these receptors share 95% identity in their DNA binding domains; both can recognize the same hormone response elements; theoretically resulting in transcriptional regulation of the same target genes. However, a major mechanism for specific activation of GRs and/or MRs is at the pre-receptor level by modulating the local availability of active GCs. Furthermore, the selective interactions of each receptor with spatio-temporally regulated transcription factors and co-regulators are crucial for the final transcriptional outcome. While there are abundant genome wide studies identifying GR transcriptional targets in a variety of tissue and cell types; including keratinocytes; the data for MR is more limited thus far. Our group and others have studied the role of GRs and MRs in skin development and disease by generating and characterizing mouse and cellular models with gain- and loss-of-function for each receptor. Both NRs are required for skin barrier competence during mouse development and also play a role in adult skin homeostasis. Moreover, the combined loss of epidermal GRs and MRs caused a more severe skin phenotype relative to single knock-outs (KOs) in developing skin and in acute inflammation and psoriasis, indicating that these corticosteroid receptors play cooperative roles. Understanding GR- and MR-mediated signaling in skin should contribute to deciphering their tissue-specific relative roles and ultimately help to improve GC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Saqib U, Sarkar S, Suk K, Mohammad O, Baig MS, Savai R. Phytochemicals as modulators of M1-M2 macrophages in inflammation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17937-17950. [PMID: 29707159 PMCID: PMC5915167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of the innate immune response against foreign pathogens, including bacteria, physical stress, and injury. Therefore, these cells play a key role in the "inflammatory pathway" which in turn can lead to an array of diseases and disorders such as autoimmune neuropathies and myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, and angiogenesis. Recently, more studies have focused on the macrophages inflammatory diseases since the discovery of the two subtypes of macrophages, which are differentiated on the basis of their phenotype and distinct gene expression pattern. Of these, M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and responsible for inflammatory signaling, while M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages that participate in the resolution of the inflammatory process, M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to tissue healing. Many studies have shown the role of these two subtypes in the inflammatory pathway, and their emergence appears to decide the fate of inflammatory signaling and disease progression. As a next step in directing the pro-inflammatory response toward the anti-inflammatory type after an insult by a foreign pathogen (e. g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide), investigators have identified many natural compounds that have the potential to modulate M1 to M2 macrophages. In this review, we provide a focused discussion of advances in the identification of natural therapeutic molecules with anti-inflammatory properties that modulate the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, MP, India
| | - Sutripta Sarkar
- PostGraduate Department of Food & Nutrition, BRSN College (affiliated to WBSU), Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Joong-gu Daegu, South Korea
| | - Owais Mohammad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the DZL, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Lesovaya E, Agarwal S, Readhead B, Vinokour E, Baida G, Bhalla P, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya M, Platanias LC, Dudley JT, Budunova I. Rapamycin Modulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Function, Blocks Atrophogene REDD1, and Protects Skin from Steroid Atrophy. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1935-1944. [PMID: 29596905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have excellent therapeutic properties; however, they cause significant adverse atrophogenic effects. The mTORC1 inhibitor REDD1 has been recently identified as a key mediator of glucocorticoid-induced atrophy. We performed computational screening of a connectivity map database to identify putative REDD1 inhibitors. The top selected candidates included rapamycin, which was unexpected because it inhibits pro-proliferative mTOR signaling. Indeed, rapamycin inhibited REDD1 induction by glucocorticoids dexamethasone, clobetasol propionate, and fluocinolone acetonide in keratinocytes, lymphoid cells, and mouse skin. We also showed blunting of glucocorticoid-induced REDD1 induction by either catalytic inhibitor of mTORC1/2 (OSI-027) or genetic inhibition of mTORC1, highlighting role of mTOR in glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Moreover, rapamycin inhibited glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and loading on glucocorticoid-responsive elements in REDD1 promoter. Using microarrays, we quantified a global effect of rapamycin on gene expression regulation by fluocinolone acetonide in human keratinocytes. Rapamycin inhibited activation of glucocorticoid receptor target genes yet enhanced the repression of pro-proliferative and proinflammatory genes. Remarkably, rapamycin protected skin against glucocorticoid-induced atrophy but had no effect on the glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory activity in different in vivo models, suggesting the clinical potential of combining rapamycin with glucocorticoids for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lesovaya
- N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ben Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Vinokour
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Dean M, Murphy BT, Burdette JE. Phytosteroids beyond estrogens: Regulators of reproductive and endocrine function in natural products. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 442:98-105. [PMID: 27986590 PMCID: PMC5276729 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Foods and botanical supplements can interfere with the endocrine system through the presence of phytosteroids - chemicals that interact with steroids receptors. Phytoestrogens are well studied, but compounds such as kaempferol, apigenin, genistein, ginsenoside Rf, and glycyrrhetinic acid have been shown to interact with non-estrogen nuclear receptors. These compounds can have agonist, antagonist, or mixed agonist/antagonist activity depending on compound, receptor, cell line or tissue, and concentration. Some phytosteroids have also been shown to inhibit steroid metabolizing enzymes, resulting in biological effects through altered endogenous steroid concentrations. An interesting example, compound A (4-[1-chloro-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenyl acetate hydrochloride (1:1)) is a promising selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) based on a phytosteroid isolated from Salsola tuberculatiformis Botschantzev. Given that $6.9 billion of herbal supplements are sold each year, is clear that further identification and characterization of phytosteroids is needed to ensure the safe and effective use of botanical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dean
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Takahashi H, Kawaguchi M, Kitamura K, Narumiya S, Kawamura M, Tengan I, Nishimoto S, Hanamure Y, Majima Y, Tsubura S, Teruya K, Shirahata S. An Exploratory Study on the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan in Relation to Quality of Life in Advanced Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28627320 PMCID: PMC6041928 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417692097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Conventional anticancer therapies still cause difficulties with selective eradication and accompanying side effects that reduce patients’ quality of life (QOL). Fucoidan is extracted from seaweeds and has already exhibited broad bioactivities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, in basic studies. It is expected to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects in cancer patients; however, despite its potential benefits, there are very few clinical trials using fucoidans. Therefore, we performed an exploratory clinical study for advanced cancer patients to examine the efficacy of fucoidans, especially focusing on inflammation in relation to QOL scores. Methods. We conducted a prospective, open-label clinical study for advanced cancer patients using fucoidans via oral administration; 20 advanced cancer patients with metastases were recruited and were given 400 mL/d fucoidan (10 mg/mL) for at least 4 weeks. Inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and various cytokines, and QOL scores were monitored before treatment, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks of fucoidan ingestion. Results. The main proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of fucoidan ingestion. QOL scores, including fatigue, stayed almost stable without significant changes during the study period. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the responsiveness of IL-1β was a significant independent prognostic factor. Conclusion. This is the first study providing evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidans for advanced cancer patients. In future studies, larger blinded, controlled trials are required to establish the efficacy of fucoidan as supportive care for cancer patients, especially those undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Takahashi
- 1 University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, Japan.,2 Seren Clinic Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.,3 Clinic Ginowan, Ginowan-shi, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuo Hanamure
- 9 Hanamure Hospital, Ichikikushikino-shi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Majima
- 10 Majima Digestive Organ Clinic, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsubura
- 11 Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Riani M, Le Jan S, Plée J, Durlach A, Le Naour R, Haegeman G, Bernard P, Antonicelli F. Bullous pemphigoid outcome is associated with CXCL10-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion from monocytes and neutrophils but not lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:863-872.e3. [PMID: 27637385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most frequent autoimmune skin-blistering disease, involves matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), IL-17, and IL-23 release from infiltrated inflammatory cells. The chemokine CXCL10 has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, but its participation in BP pathophysiology still needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether BP outcome was associated with different CXCL10 levels and to evaluate the contribution of CXCL10 to the described cytokine/protease inflammatory loop associated with disease outcome. METHODS Skin biopsy specimens (n = 16), serum (n = 114), blister fluid (n = 23), and primary inflammatory cells from patients with BP were used to investigate CXCL10 expression and function. RESULTS At baseline, both resident cells, such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and infiltrating immune cells expressed CXCL10 at lesional sites in skin of patients with BP. CXCL10 levels were higher in blister fluid (P < .0001) and serum (P < .005) from patients with BP than in serum from age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 34). Furthermore, CXCL10 serum levels increased at day 60 only in patients who relapsed within the first year of treatment (n = 33, P < .005). Interestingly, CXCL10 expression could be upregulated by itself and IL-17 in inflammatory cells. Notably, neutrophils and monocytes from patients with BP, but not lymphocytes, responded to CXCL10 by increasing MMP-9 secretion through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling pathways. Finally, CXCL10-increased MMP-9 secretion was inhibited by methylprednisolone and also by compound A, a novel nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor ligand. CONCLUSION We showed that increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with BP, such as CXCL10, favor neutrophil- and monocyte-associated MMP-9 release and disease relapse and opened new therapeutic horizons in patients with this autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Riani
- Laboratory of Dermatology, EA7319 Derm-I-C, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sébastien Le Jan
- Laboratory of Dermatology, EA7319 Derm-I-C, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Julie Plée
- Laboratory of Dermatology, EA7319 Derm-I-C, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Anne Durlach
- Laboratory Pol Bouin, Hospital Maison Blanche, University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Richard Le Naour
- Laboratory IMAB, EA4683, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Philippe Bernard
- Laboratory of Dermatology, EA7319 Derm-I-C, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frank Antonicelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology, EA7319 Derm-I-C, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
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Sundahl N, Clarisse D, Bracke M, Offner F, Berghe WV, Beck IM. Selective glucocorticoid receptor-activating adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments. Oncoscience 2016; 3:188-202. [PMID: 27713909 PMCID: PMC5043069 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adverse effects and glucocorticoid resistance cripple their chronic use, glucocorticoids form the mainstay therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and play an important role in treatment protocols of both lymphoid malignancies and as adjuvant to stimulate therapy tolerability in various solid tumors. Glucocorticoid binding to their designate glucocorticoid receptor (GR), sets off a plethora of cell-specific events including therapeutically desirable effects, such as cell death, as well as undesirable effects, including chemotherapy resistance, systemic side effects and glucocorticoid resistance. In this context, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) with a more restricted GR activity profile have been developed, holding promise for further clinical development in anti-inflammatory and potentially in cancer therapies. Thus far, the research into the prospective benefits of selective GR modulators in cancer therapy limped behind. Our review discusses how selective GR agonists and modulators could improve the therapy regimens for lymphoid malignancies, prostate or breast cancer. We summarize our current knowledge and look forward to where the field should move to in the future. Altogether, our review clarifies novel therapeutic perspectives in cancer modulation via selective GR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sundahl
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ilse M Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Klopot A, Baida G, Bhalla P, Haegeman G, Budunova I. Selective Activator of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Compound A Dissociates Therapeutic and Atrophogenic Effects of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Skin. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:250-9. [PMID: 26734587 PMCID: PMC4699752 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.4.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoids are effective anti-inflammatory drugs widely used in dermatology and for the treatment of blood cancer patients. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids results in serious metabolic and atrophogenic adverse effects including skin atrophy. Glucocorticoids act via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor that causes either gene transactivation (TA) or transrepression (TR). Compound A (CpdA), a novel non-steroidal GR ligand, does not promote GR dimerization and TA, retains anti-inflammatory potential but induces fewer metabolic side effects compared to classical glucocorticoids when used systemically. As topical effects of CpdA have not been well studied, this work goal was to compare the anti-inflammatory and side effects of topical CpdA and glucocorticoids and to assess their effect on GR TA and TR in keratinocytes. Methods: We used murine immortalized keratinocytes and F1 C57BlxDBA mice. Effect of glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and CpdA on gene expression in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in the model of tumor promoter 12-O-tertradecanoyl-acetate (TPA)-induced dermatitis and in croton oil-induced ear edema test. Skin atrophy was assessed by analysis of epidermal thickness, keratinocyte proliferation, subcutaneous adipose hypoplasia, and dermal changes after chronic treatment with FA and CpdA. Results: In mouse keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo, CpdA did not activate GR-dependent genes but mimicked closely the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid FA on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. When applied topically, CpdA inhibited TPA-induced skin inflammation and hyperplasia. Unlike glucocorticoids, CpdA itself did not induce skin atrophy which correlated with lack of induction of atrophogene regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) causatively involved in skin and muscle steroid-induced atrophy. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that CpdA and its derivatives represent novel promising class of anti-inflammatory compounds with reduced topical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klopot
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalonkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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