1
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Petri BJ, Klinge CM. m6A readers, writers, erasers, and the m6A epitranscriptome in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:JME-22-0110. [PMID: 36367225 PMCID: PMC9790079 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic modification of RNA regulates human development, health, and disease. The true diversity of the transcriptome in breast cancer including chemical modification of transcribed RNA (epitranscriptomics) is not well understood due to limitations of technology and bioinformatic analysis. N-6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification of mRNA and regulates splicing, stability, translation, and intracellular localization of transcripts depending on m6A association with reader RNA-binding proteins. m6A methylation is catalyzed by the METTL3 complex and removed by specific m6A demethylase ALKBH5, with the role of FTO as an 'eraser' uncertain. In this review, we provide an overview of epitranscriptomics related to mRNA and focus on m6A in mRNA and its detection. We summarize current knowledge on altered levels of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and their roles in breast cancer and their association with prognosis. We summarize studies identifying m6A peaks and sites in genes in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Petri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville, KY 40292 USA
- University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS)
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2
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Zhang X, Xing M, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Qiu C, Wang X, Zhao Z, Ji Z, Zhang JY. Oridonin Induces Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting Cytoskeletal Protein LASP1 and PDLIM1. Molecules 2023; 28:805. [PMID: 36677861 PMCID: PMC9862004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a severe malignancy for its high mortality and poor prognosis. Mainstay chemotherapies cause serious side effects for their ways of inducing cell death. Oridonin is the main bioactive constituent from natural plants that has anticancer ability and weak side effects. The proteomics method is efficient to understand the anticancer mechanism. However, proteins identified by proteomics aimed at understanding oridonin's anticancer mechanism is seldom overlapped by different groups. This study used proteomics based on two-dimensional electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE SDS-PAGE) integrated with mass spectrometry and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to understand the anticancer mechanism of oridonin on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The results showed that oridonin induced ESCC cell death via apoptosis by decreasing the protein expression of LASP1 and PDLIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yangcheng Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Zhuangli Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cuipeng Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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3
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Gao C, Li L, Jin X, Song X, Li H, Xu X, Dong C, Ma B. The Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid-Binding Protein 2 in the Regulation of the Expression of Breast Cancer-Related Genes. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2022; 14:311-322. [PMID: 36237482 PMCID: PMC9553167 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s382566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study investigated the role and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 2-IGF2BP2 in breast cancer. Methods IGF2BP2 is overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Thus, RNA sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes, Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, and a Transwell assay was used to assess cell invasion. Following on from the RNA sequencing results, Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (IFIT2), chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) regulated by IGF2BP2 were subjected to real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction verification. Results After IGF2BP2 overexpression, 67 genes were up-regulated, and 87 genes were down-regulated. The gene with the most significant up-regulation was homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), and the gene with the most significant down-regulation was Acidic β-crystallin 4 (CRYBA4). The most enriched gene ontology (GO) terms of up-regulated differentially expressed genes are protein binding and cell membrane and of down-regulated differentially expressed genes they are ion binding, cytoplasm, and response to virus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the up-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in protein processing, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, while down-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in rheumatoid arthritis, chemokine signaling pathways, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Notch signaling pathways. IGF2BP2 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the IGF2BP2 overexpression group had significantly increased expressions of IFIT2, CCL20, and CXCL10 (P < 0.05). Conclusion IGF2BP2 may promote the invasion and proliferation of human breast cancer cells by up-regulating breast cancer-related genes, such as IFIT2, CCL20, and CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Gynecology and surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Chao Dong; Binlin Ma, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 of East Suzhou Street, Urumqi, 830000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +860991-7968088, Fax +860991-7968111, Email ;
| | - Binlin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenes, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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Xiao J, McGill JR, Nasir A, Lekan A, Johnson B, Wilkins DJ, Pearson GW, Tanner K, Goodarzi H, Glasgow E, Schlegel R, Agarwal S. Identifying drivers of breast cancer metastasis in progressively invasive subpopulations of zebrafish-xenografted MDA-MB-231. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:16. [PMID: 35614362 PMCID: PMC9133282 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of the high mortality rate among human cancers. Efforts to identify therapeutic agents targeting cancer metastasis frequently fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials despite strong preclinical evidence. Until recently, most preclinical studies used mouse models to evaluate anti-metastatic agents. Mouse models are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, an important drawback is that mouse models inadequately model the early stages of metastasis which plausibly leads to the poor correlation with clinical outcomes. Here, we report an in vivo model based on xenografted zebrafish embryos where we select for progressively invasive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A subpopulation analogous to circulating tumor cells found in human cancers was selected by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the yolk sacs of 2 days post-fertilized zebrafish embryos and selecting cells that migrated to the tail. The selected subpopulation derived from MDA-MB-231 cells were increasingly invasive in zebrafish. Isolation of these subpopulations and propagation in vitro revealed morphological changes consistent with activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Differential gene analysis and knockdown of genes identified gene-candidates (DDIT4, MT1X, CTSD, and SERPINE1) as potential targets for anti-metastasis therapeutics. Furthermore, RNA-splicing analysis reinforced the importance of BIRC5 splice variants in breast cancer metastasis. This is the first report using zebrafish to isolate and expand progressively invasive populations of human cancer cells. The model has potential applications in understanding the metastatic process, identification and/or development of therapeutics that specifically target metastatic cells and formulating personalized treatment strategies for individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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5
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Lin SH, Lin CW, Lu JW, Yang WE, Lin YM, Lu HJ, Yang SF. Cytoplasmic IGF2BP2 Protein Expression in Human Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic and Clinical Implications. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1198-1204. [PMID: 35919812 PMCID: PMC9339407 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.74751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is particularly prevalent in Taiwan. The goal of this study was to determine the clinicopathological role of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) proteins as an indicator of clinical outcomes in OSCC patients. In this study, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to examine IGF2BP2 protein expression in 244 OSCC patients. We investigated the relationships among IGF2BP2 expression, clinicopathological variables, and patient survival. Our results showed that IGF2BP2 cytoplasmic protein expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, cancer stage, and patient survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that elevated cytoplasmic IGF2BP2 expression levels in OSCC patients were associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, multivariate cox proportional hazard models revealed that cytoplasmic IGF2BP2 expression, T status, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for survival. In conclusion, IGF2BP2 protein was found to be a helpful predictive marker for OSCC patients, as well as a possible therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT-Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Cao J, Yan W, Ma X, Huang H, Yan H. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 2-a Potential Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2807-2818. [PMID: 34061963 PMCID: PMC8475209 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer share a variety of risk factors and pathophysiological features. It is becoming increasingly accepted that the 2 diseases are related, and that T2DM increases the risk of certain malignancies. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes recent advancements in the elucidation of functions of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in T2DM and cancer. METHODS A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, and search terms included IGF2BP2, IMP2, or p62 in combination with cancer or T2DM. Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists. The increased risk of multiple malignancies and cancer-associated mortality in patients with T2DM is believed to be driven by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and dysregulation of adipokines and sex hormones. Furthermore, IGF-2 is oncogenic, and its loss-of-function splice variant is protective against T2DM, which highlights the pivotal role of this growth factor in the pathogenesis of these 2 diseases. IGF-2 mRNA-binding proteins, particularly IGF2BP2, are also involved in T2DM and cancer, and single-nucleotide variations (formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) of IGF2BP2 are associated with both diseases. Deletion of the IGF2BP2 gene in mice improves their glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and mice with transgenic p62, a splice variant of IGF2BP2, are prone to diet-induced fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting the biological significance of IGF2BP2 in T2DM and cancer. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence has revealed that IGF2BP2 mediates the pathogenesis of T2DM and cancer by regulating glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides insight into the potential involvement of this RNA binding protein in the link between T2DM and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Cao
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital (Xi’an People’s Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 71004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Weijia Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital (Xi’an People’s Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 71004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xiujian Ma
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital (Xi’an People’s Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 71004, Shaanxi Province, China
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7
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LINC00987 knockdown inhibits the progression of acute myeloid leukemia by suppressing IGF2BP2-mediated PA2G4 expression. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 33:e207-e217. [PMID: 34407052 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of LINC00987 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. The expression of LINC00987 in bone marrow specimens of AML patients and cell lines was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Small interfering RNA targeting LINC00987 (si-LINC00987) was transfected into AML cell lines HL-60 and KG-1, and the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the binding between LINC00987 and insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was validated with an RNA pull-down assay. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to verify the binding between IGF2BP2 and proliferation-associated 2G4 (PA2G4). Then rescue experiments were performed to explore the effects of LINC00987/IGF2BP2/PA2G4 axis on HL-60 and KG-1 cell functions. Additionally, HL-60 cells transfected with si-LINC00987 were injected into mice, followed by the evaluation of xenograft tumor growth. LINC00987 was upregulated in AML patient specimens and cell lines. LINC00987 knockdown inhibited proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis in AML cells. LINC00987 could bind with IGF2BP2 and promote its expression, and IGF2BP2 overexpression reversed the effects of LINC00987 knockdown on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis in AML cells. Besides, IGF2BP2 could bind with PA2G4. IGF2BP2 knockdown inhibited proliferation and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in AML cells, whereas PA2G4 overexpression reversed these effects. Additionally, the LINC00987 knockdown inhibited the xenograft tumor growth of AML in vivo. Knockdown of LINC00987 inhibits AML cell proliferation and invasion, and promotes apoptosis in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo by suppressing IGF2BP2-mediated PA2G4 expression.
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The biological function of IGF2BPs and their role in tumorigenesis. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1682-1693. [PMID: 34251559 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) pertain to a highly conservative RNA-binding family that works as a post-transcriptional fine-tuner for target transcripts. Emerging evidence suggests that IGF2BPs regulate RNA processing and metabolism, including stability, translation, and localization, and are involved in various cellular functions and pathophysiologies. In this review, we summarize the roles and molecular mechanisms of IGF2BPs in cancer development and progression. We mainly discuss the functional relevance of IGF2BPs in embryo development, neurogenesis, metabolism, RNA processing, and tumorigenesis. Understanding IGF2BPs role in tumor progression will provide new insight into cancer pathophysiology.
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9
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Wu Y, Liu Z, Wei X, Feng H, Hu B, Liu B, Luan Y, Ruan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu J, Wang T. Identification of the Functions and Prognostic Values of RNA Binding Proteins in Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:574196. [PMID: 34239534 PMCID: PMC8258248 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.574196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation plays a leading role in gene regulation and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are the most important posttranscriptional regulatory protein. RBPs had been found to be abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and is closely related to its occurrence and progression. However, the exact mechanism of RBPs in bladder cancer (BC) is unknown. We downloaded transcriptomic data of BC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and used bioinformatics techniques for subsequent analysis. A total of 116 differentially expressed RBPs were selected, among which 61 were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. We then identified 12 prognostic RBPs including CTIF, CTU1, DARS2, ENOX1, IGF2BP2, LIN28A, MTG1, NOVA1, PPARGC1B, RBMS3, TDRD1, and ZNF106, and constructed a prognostic risk score model. Based on this model we found that patients in the high-risk group had poorer overall survival (P < 0.001), and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for this model was 0.677 for 1 year, 0.697 for 3 years, and 0.709 for 5 years. Next, we drew a nomogram based on the risk score and other clinical variables, which showed better predictive performance. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis, progression and metastasis of BC. The model of these 12 genes has good predictive value and may have good prospects for improving clinical treatment regimens and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Wei
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Zheng F, Du F, Zhao J, Wang X, Si Y, Jin P, Qian H, Xu B, Yuan P. The emerging role of RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in breast cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34044876 PMCID: PMC8161983 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification and is involved in many biological processes in eukaryotes. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that m6A may play either a promoting or suppressing role in breast cancer, including in tumorigenesis, metastasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on the biological function and prognostic value of m6A modification in breast cancer, as well as potential related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), The VIPII Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiran Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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11
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Sekulovski N, MacLean JA, Bheemireddy SR, Yu Z, Okuda H, Pru C, Plunkett KN, Matzuk M, Hayashi K. Niclosamide's potential direct targets in ovarian cancer†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:403-412. [PMID: 33855343 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that niclosamide is an anti-cancer compound that is able to inhibit several signaling pathways. Although niclosamide has previously been identified by high-throughput screening platforms as a potential effective compound against several cancer types, no direct binding interactions with distinct biological molecule(s) has been established. The present study identifies key signal transduction mechanisms altered by niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Using affinity purification with a biotin-modified niclosamide derivative and mass spectrometry analysis, several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) were identified. We chose the two RBPs, FXR1 and IGF2BP2, for further analysis. A significant correlation exists in which high-expression of FXR1 or IGF2BP2 is associated with reduced survival of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown of FXR1 or IGF2BP2 in ovarian cancer cells resulted in significantly reduced cell viability, adhesion, and migration. Furthermore, FXR1 or IGF2BP2 deficient ovarian cancer cells exhibited reduced response to most doses of niclosamide showing greater cell viability than those with intact RBPs. These results suggest that FXR1 and IGF2BP2 are direct targets of niclosamide and could have critical activities that drive multiple oncogenic pathways in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sekulovski
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - James A MacLean
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Cindy Pru
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Martin Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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12
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McMullen ER, Zoumberos NA, Kleer CG. Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Update on Histopathology and Molecular Alterations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 143:1492-1496. [PMID: 31765246 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0396-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT— Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare, triple-negative carcinoma of the breast that exhibits transformation of part or all of its glandular carcinomatous component into a nonglandular, or metaplastic, component. The World Health Organization currently recognizes 5 variants of metaplastic carcinoma based on their histologic appearance. OBJECTIVE— To review the histologic classifications, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and recent laboratory studies of metaplastic breast carcinoma. DATA SOURCES.— We reviewed recently published studies that collectively examine metaplastic carcinomas, including results from our own research. CONCLUSIONS.— Metaplastic breast carcinoma has a broad spectrum of histologic patterns, often leading to a broad differential diagnosis. Diagnosis can typically be rendered by a combination of morphology and immunohistochemical staining for high-molecular-weight cytokeratins and p63. Recent studies elucidate new genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of metaplastic carcinoma, including the downregulation of CCN6 and WNT pathway gene mutations, and provide a novel MMTV-Cre;Ccn6fl/fl knockout disease-relevant mouse model to test new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R McMullen
- From the Department of Pathology (Drs McMullen, Zoumberos, and Kleer) and Rogel Cancer Center (Dr Kleer), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Nicholas A Zoumberos
- From the Department of Pathology (Drs McMullen, Zoumberos, and Kleer) and Rogel Cancer Center (Dr Kleer), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Celina G Kleer
- From the Department of Pathology (Drs McMullen, Zoumberos, and Kleer) and Rogel Cancer Center (Dr Kleer), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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13
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Trophectoderm-Specific Knockdown of LIN28 Decreases Expression of Genes Necessary for Cell Proliferation and Reduces Elongation of Sheep Conceptus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072549. [PMID: 32268593 PMCID: PMC7177537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LIN28 inhibits let-7 miRNA maturation which prevents cell differentiation and promotes proliferation. We hypothesized that the LIN28-let-7 axis regulates proliferation-associated genes in sheep trophectoderm in vivo. Day 9-hatched sheep blastocysts were incubated with lentiviral particles to deliver shRNA targeting LIN28 specifically to trophectoderm cells. At day 16, conceptus elongation was significantly reduced in LIN28A and LIN28B knockdowns. Let-7 miRNAs were significantly increased and IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC were decreased in trophectoderm from knockdown conceptuses. Ovine trophoblast (OTR) cells derived from day 16 trophectoderm are a useful tool for in vitro experiments. Surprisingly, LIN28 was significantly reduced and let-7 miRNAs increased after only a few passages of OTR cells, suggesting these passaged cells represent a more differentiated phenotype. To create an OTR cell line more similar to day 16 trophectoderm we overexpressed LIN28A and LIN28B, which significantly decreased let-7 miRNAs and increased IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC compared to control. This is the first study showing the role of the LIN28-let-7 axis in trophoblast proliferation and conceptus elongation in vivo. These results suggest that reduced LIN28 during early placental development can lead to reduced trophoblast proliferation and sheep conceptus elongation at a critical period for successful establishment of pregnancy.
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14
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Xing M, Li P, Wang X, Li J, Shi J, Qin J, Zhang X, Ma Y, Francia G, Zhang JY. Overexpression of p62/IMP2 can Promote Cell Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010007. [PMID: 31861402 PMCID: PMC7017416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/IMP2 is an oncofetal protein that was first reported as a tumor-associated antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous studies, we demonstrated a high frequency of p62/IMP2 autoantibodies appearing in various types of cancer. Therefore, we hypothesize that p62/IMP2 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, although the mechanism remains to be explored. In this study, we evaluated the expression of p62/IMP2 protein both in human tissues and liver cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis and found that p62/IMP2 protein is overexpressed in human HCC tissue in comparison to normal human liver tissue. To explore the role that p62/IMP2 plays in HCC, p62/IMP2 was knocked out in two p62/IMP2-positive liver cancer cell lines (SNU449 and HepG2). Due to the low expression level of p62/IMP2 in SNU449, we overexpressed p62/IMP2 in this cell line. We subsequently demonstrated that high expression of p62/IMP2 in both cell lines can promote cell migration and invasion abilities in vitro by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We also used the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, XAV 939, and a phosphoproteome assay to confirm our findings. Conclusion: Our results suggest that p62/IMP2 is an essential regulator of Wnt signaling pathways and plays an important role in HCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Henan Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Henan Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yangcheng Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Giulio Francia
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (J.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (J.-Y.Z.)
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15
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Yoon SY, Dieterich LC, Tacconi C, Sesartic M, He Y, Brunner L, Kwon O, Detmar M. An important role of podoplanin in hair follicle growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219938. [PMID: 31335913 PMCID: PMC6650137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a glycoprotein that is expressed by various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and lymphatic endothelial cells. We found that PDPN is expressed in the hair follicle (HF) keratinocyte region and HF stem cell area during the late anagen phase but not during the telogen phase in mice. Importantly, keratinocyte-specific PDPN deletion in mice (K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox) promoted anagen HF growth after depilation-induced HF regeneration as compared to control mice. RNA sequencing, followed by gene ontology analysis, showed down-regulation of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interaction pathways in HF stem cells isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice as compared to control mice. Furthermore, HF keratinocytes isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice exhibited a decreased ability to interact with collagen type I in cell adhesion assays. Taken together, these results show that PDPN deletion promotes HF cycling, possibly via reduced focal adhesion and concomitantly enhanced migration of HF stem cells towards the bulb region. They also indicate potential new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of conditions associated with hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Sesartic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Brunner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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16
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McMullen ER, Gonzalez ME, Skala SL, Tran M, Thomas D, Djomehri SI, Burman B, Kidwell KM, Kleer CG. CCN6 regulates IGF2BP2 and HMGA2 signaling in metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:577-586. [PMID: 30220054 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metaplastic breast carcinomas are an aggressive subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in which part or all of the adenocarcinoma transforms into a non-glandular component (e.g., spindled, squamous, or heterologous). We discovered that mammary-specific Ccn6/Wisp3 knockout mice develop mammary carcinomas with spindle and squamous differentiation that share upregulation of the oncofetal proteins IGF2BP2 (IMP2) and HMGA2 with human metaplastic carcinomas. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between CCN6, IGF2BP2, and HMGA2 proteins in vitro and in vivo, and their expression in human tissue samples. METHODS MMTV-cre;Ccn6fl/fl tumors and spindle TNBC cell lines were treated with recombinant CCN6 protein or vehicle. IGF2BP2 was downregulated using shRNAs in HME cells with stable CCN6 shRNA knockdown, and subjected to invasion and adhesion assays. Thirty-one human metaplastic carcinomas were arrayed in a tissue microarray (TMA) and immunostained for CCN6, IGF2BP2, and HMGA2. RESULTS CCN6 regulates IGF2BP2 and HMGA2 protein expression in MMTV-cre;Ccn6fl/fl tumors, in MDA-MB-231 and - 468, and in HME cells. CCN6 recombinant protein reduced IGF2BP2 and HMGA2 protein expression, and decreased growth of MMTV-cre;Ccn6fl/fl tumors in vivo. IGF2BP2 shRNA knockdown was sufficient to reverse the invasive abilities conferred by CCN6 knockdown in HME cells. Analyses of the TCGA Breast Cancer Cohort (n = 1238) showed that IGF2BP2 and HMGA2 are significantly upregulated in metaplastic carcinoma compared to other breast cancer subtypes. In clinical samples, low CCN6 is frequent in tumors with high IGF2BP2/HMGA2 with spindle and squamous differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These data shed light into the pathogenesis of metaplastic carcinoma and demonstrate a novel CCN6/IGF2BP2/HMGA2 oncogenic pathway with biomarker and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R McMullen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria E Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephanie L Skala
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mai Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sabra I Djomehri
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boris Burman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelley M Kidwell
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Celina G Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 4217 Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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17
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Systematic analysis of tumour cell-extracellular matrix adhesion identifies independent prognostic factors in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62939-62953. [PMID: 27556857 PMCID: PMC5325338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are fundamental for discrete steps in breast cancer progression. In particular, cancer cell adhesion to ECM proteins present in the microenvironment is critical for accelerating tumour growth and facilitating metastatic spread. To assess the utility of tumour cell-ECM adhesion as a means for discovering prognostic factors in breast cancer survival, here we perform a systematic phenotypic screen and characterise the adhesion properties of a panel of human HER2 amplified breast cancer cell lines across six ECM proteins commonly deregulated in breast cancer. We determine a gene expression signature that defines a subset of cell lines displaying impaired adhesion to laminin. Cells with impaired laminin adhesion showed an enrichment in genes associated with cell motility and molecular pathways linked to cytokine signalling and inflammation. Evaluation of this gene set in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort of 1,964 patients identifies the F12 and STC2 genes as independent prognostic factors for overall survival in breast cancer. Our study demonstrates the potential of in vitro cell adhesion screens as a novel approach for identifying prognostic factors for disease outcome.
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18
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MicroRNA-485-5p suppresses growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting IGF2BP2. Life Sci 2018; 199:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Sun D, Li X, He Y, Li W, Wang Y, Wang H, Jiang S, Xin Y. YAP1 enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81062-81076. [PMID: 27835600 PMCID: PMC5348376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) plays an important role in the development of carcinomas such as breast, colorectal, and gastric (GC) cancers, but the role of YAP1 in GC has not been investigated comprehensively. The present study strongly suggests that YAP1 and P62 were significantly up-regulated in GC specimens, compared with normal gastric mucosa. In addition, the YAP1high P62high expression was independently associated with poor prognosis in GC (hazard ratio: 1.334, 95% confidence interval: 1.045–1.704, P = 0.021). Stable YAP1 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BGC-823 GC cells in vitro and inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor and hematogenous metastasis of BGC-823 GC cells in vivo. The mechanism was associated with inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, elevated E-cadherin protein expression and decreased vimentin protein expression, down-regulated β-catenin protein expression and elevated α-catenin protein expression, and down-regulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expressions including HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), H19, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), human large tumor suppressor-2 (LATS2)-AS1-001, and LATS2. YAP1 over-expression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human immortalized normal gastric mucosa GES-1 cells in vitro by reversing the above signal molecules. Subcutaneous inoculation of GES-1 cells and YAP1-over-expressing GES-1 cells into nude mice did not generate tumors. We successfully established the xenograft tumor models using MKN-45 GC cells, but immunochemistry showed that there was no YAP1 expression in MKN-45 cells. These results suggest that YAP1 is not a direct factor affecting tumor formation, but could accelerate tumor growth and metastasis. Collectively, this study highlights an important role for YAP1 as a promoter of GC growth and metastasis, and suggests that YAP1 could possibly be a potential treatment target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yingjian He
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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20
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Matricellular CCN6 (WISP3) protein: a tumor suppressor for mammary metaplastic carcinomas. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 29357008 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at 6q22-23, Ccn6 (WISP3) encodes for a matrix-associated protein of the CCN family, characterized by regulatory, rather than structural, roles in development and cancer. CCN6, the least studied member of the CCN family, shares the conserved multimodular structure of CCN proteins, as well as their tissue and cell-type specific functions. In the breast, CCN6 is a critical regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and tumor initiating cells. Studies using human breast cancer tissue samples demonstrated that CCN6 messenger RNA and protein are expressed in normal breast epithelia but reduced or lost in aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, especially inflammatory breast cancer and metaplastic carcinomas. Metaplastic carcinomas are mesenchymal-like triple negative breast carcinomas, enriched for markers of EMT and stemness. RNAseq analyses of the TCGA Breast Cancer cohort show reduced CCN6 expression in approximately 50% of metaplastic carcinomas compared to normal breast. Our group identified frameshift mutations of Ccn6 in a subset of human metaplastic breast carcinoma. Importantly, conditional, mammary epithelial-cell specific ccn6 (wisp3) knockout mice develop invasive high-grade mammary carcinomas that recapitulate human spindle cell metaplastic carcinomas, demonstrating a tumor suppressor function for ccn6. Our studies on CCN6 functions in metaplastic carcinoma highlight the potential of CCN6 as a novel therapeutic approach for this specific type of breast cancer.
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21
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miR-181a-5p suppresses invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells by directly targeting IGF2BP2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29339719 PMCID: PMC5833820 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related disease that may cause maternal, neonatal and fetal morbidity and mortality and exists in 3–5% of pregnancies worldwide. The discovery of dysregulated microRNAs and their roles in placental development has provided a new avenue for elucidating the mechanism involved in this pregnancy-specific disorder. Here, the roles of human miR-181a-5p, a microRNA that is increased in both the plasma and placenta of severe pre-eclamptic patients, in invasion and migration of trophoblasts were investigated. Ectopic-expression of miR-181a-5p impaired the invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, whereas miR-181a-5p inhibition had the opposite effects. IGF2BP2, which harbors a highly conserved miR-181a-5p-binding site within its 3ʹ-UTR, was identified to be directly inhibited by miR-181a-5p. Moreover, siRNAs targeting IGF2BP2 imitated the effects of overexpressed miR-181a-5p on HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion and migration, whereas restoring IGF2BP2 expression by overexpressing a plasmid encoding IGF2BP2 partially reversed the studied inhibitory functions of miR-181a-5p. Thus, we demonstrated here that miR-181a-5p suppresses the invasion and migration of cytotrophoblasts, and its inhibitory effects were at least partially mediated by the suppression of IGF2BP2 expression, thus shedding new light on the roles of miR-181a-5p in the pathogenesis of severe pre-eclampsia.
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Liu H, Li D, Liu S, Liu Z, Li M. Histochemical evidence of IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 2-mediated regulation of osteoclast function and adhesive ability. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:343-351. [PMID: 29322325 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) messenger RNA-binding proteins (IMPs) are a family of oncofetal RNA-binding proteins that play important roles in cell migration, renewal, and metabolism. IMP2 gene expression may be important in determining IGF2 levels and might, thereby, be central to bone metabolism. In our present study, IMP2-deficient mice exhibited more immature bone structures, characterized by abundant residual cartilage cores; growth plates containing more rich cartilage matrix, which was arranged irregularly; and a significantly thicker hypertrophic chondrocyte layer in the femoral metaphysis, compared with wild-type mice. These abnormalities were associated with profound effects on the size and morphology of osteoclasts. Specifically, the osteoclasts exhibited various polymorphisms, failed to form resorption lacunae, and were detached from the bone surface. Consistent with these findings, IMP2 deficiency reduced the expression of two important proteases (cathepsin K and matrix metallopeptidase 9) as well as that of C-SRC, a critical regulator of ruffled border formation in osteoclasts, indicating impaired osteoclastic activity. IMP2-deficient mice also displayed inhibited osteoclast adhesion owing to defects in the CD44-osteopontin signaling pathway. In summary, we used IMP2-deficient mice as a model to determine whether IMP2 plays a role during bone metabolism. Our results indicate that IMP2 deficiency delayed bone remodeling by significantly inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts and impairing their adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China.
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23
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Kessler SM, Lederer E, Laggai S, Golob-Schwarzl N, Hosseini K, Petzold J, Schweiger C, Reihs R, Keil M, Hoffmann J, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Pichler M, Kim KS, Rhee H, Park YN, Lax S, Obrist P, Kiemer AK, Haybaeck J. IMP2/IGF2BP2 expression, but not IMP1 and IMP3, predicts poor outcome in patients and high tumor growth rate in xenograft models of gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89736-89745. [PMID: 29163784 PMCID: PMC5685705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the oncofetal insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2/IGF2BP2) has been described in different cancer types. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare but highly aggressive cancer entity with late clinical detection and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IMP2 in human GBC. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) of an international multi-center GBC sample collection from n = 483 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. IMP2 immunoreactivity was found in 74.3% of the tumor samples on TMA, of which 14.0% showed strong and 86.0% low staining intensity. 72.4% of the tumor samples were IMP1 positive, but IMP1 showed lower expression in tumor tissue compared to control tissues. IMP3 immunoreactivity was observed in 92.7% of all tumors, of which 53.6% revealed strong IMP3 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis linked high IMP2 expression to shorter survival time (p = 0.033), whereas neither IMP1 nor IMP3 expression was linked to a decreased survival time. Eight different human biliary tract cancer (BTC) cell lines were evaluated for tumor growth kinetics in mouse xenografts. Cell lines with high IMP2 expression levels showed the fastest increase in tumor volumes in murine xenografts. Furthermore, IMP2 expression in these cells correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RAC1 expression in BTC cells, suggesting RAC1-induced ROS generation as a potential mechanism of IMP2-promoted progression of GBC. In conclusion, IMP2 is frequently overexpressed in GBC and significantly associated with poor prognosis and growth rates in vivo. IMP2 might therefore represent a new target for the treatment of advanced GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Kessler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eva Lederer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Kevan Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Reihs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlen Keil
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Mayr
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungjin Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz Sued-West, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Obrist
- Laboratory of Pathology, Dr. Obrist and Dr. Brunhuber OG, Zams, Austria
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Dai N, Ji F, Wright J, Minichiello L, Sadreyev R, Avruch J. IGF2 mRNA binding protein-2 is a tumor promoter that drives cancer proliferation through its client mRNAs IGF2 and HMGA1. eLife 2017; 6:27155. [PMID: 28753127 PMCID: PMC5576481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2/IMP2 is amplified and overexpressed in many human cancers, accompanied by a poorer prognosis. Mice lacking IMP2 exhibit a longer lifespan and a reduced tumor burden at old age. Herein we show in a diverse array of human cancer cells that IMP2 overexpression stimulates and IMP2 elimination diminishes proliferation by 50–80%. In addition to its known ability to promote the abundance of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2/IGF2, we find that IMP2 strongly promotes IGF action, by binding and stabilizing the mRNA encoding the DNA binding protein HMGA1, a known oncogene. HMGA1 suppresses the abundance of IGF binding protein 2/IGFBP2 and Grb14, inhibitors of IGF action. IMP2 stabilization of HMGA1 mRNA plus IMP2 stimulated IGF2 production synergistically drive cancer cell proliferation and account for IMP2’s tumor promoting action. IMP2’s ability to promote proliferation and IGF action requires IMP2 phosphorylation by mTOR. Some types of cancers develop when genes known as oncogenes or tumor promoters become faulty, and are present at abnormally high levels or inappropriately turned on. For example, cancer cells often have extra copies of the gene IMP2 and therefore produce too much the IMP2 protein. Previous research has shown that mice that lack the IMP2 protein develop fewer cancers and live longer, while patients whose cancers make too much IMP2 have a poorer prognosis. In healthy cells, the IMP2 protein normally helps to make new gene products by stabilising certain newly produced RNA molecules – the precursors of proteins, and in some cases by promoting the translation of these RNAs into proteins. For example, IMP2 binds to the mRNA that encodes the protein IGF2, which is a protein that helps cells to grow and is commonly produced in large quantities by cancer cells. However, until now it was not clear whether IMP2 only acts by increasing the production of IGF2 or also contributes to cancer growth in other ways. Using a range of human cancer cell lines, and healthy mouse cells, Dai et al. first confirmed that without IMP2, cancer cells made less IGF2 and grew less quickly. When IGF2 was added to the cells lacking IMP2, it only partially restored their ability to grow. Further experiments revealed that cells without IMP2 had increased levels of proteins that counteract the effects of IGF2. Usually, IMP2 binds and stabilizes the mRNA that encodes the oncogenic protein HMGA1, which is known to regulate the number of ‘anti-IGF2 proteins’. However, without IMP2, the HMGA1 levels drop, which causes an increase of the anti-IGF2 proteins. This indicates that IMP2 promotes cancer cell growth both by enabling cells to produce more IGF2 and by suppressing inhibitors of IGF2 action. This suggests that cancer patients whose tumors have abnormally high levels of IMP2 may be especially sensitive to drugs that target and inhibit IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Diabetes unit, Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jason Wright
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Diabetes unit, Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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25
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Shin H, Lee J, Kim Y, Jang S, Lee Y, Kim S, Lee Y. Knockdown of BC200 RNA expression reduces cell migration and invasion by destabilizing mRNA for calcium-binding protein S100A11. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1418-1430. [PMID: 28277927 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1297913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although BC200 RNA is best known as a neuron-specific non-coding RNA, it is overexpressed in various cancer cells. BC200 RNA was recently shown to contribute to metastasis in several cancer cell lines, but the underlying mechanism was not understood in detail. To examine this mechanism, we knocked down BC200 RNA in cancer cells, which overexpress the RNA, and examined cell motility, profiling of ribosome footprints, and the correlation between cell motility changes and genes exhibiting altered ribosome profiles. We found that BC200 RNA knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion, suggesting that BC200 RNA promotes cell motility. Our ribosome profiling analysis identified 29 genes whose ribosomal occupations were altered more than 2-fold by BC200 RNA knockdown. Many (> 30%) of them were directly or indirectly related to cancer progression. Among them, we focused on S100A11 (which showed a reduced ribosome footprint) because its expression was previously shown to increase cellular motility. S100A11 was decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels following knockdown of BC200 RNA. An actinomycin-chase experiment showed that BC200 RNA knockdown significantly decreased the stability of the S100A11 mRNA without changing its transcription rate, suggesting that the downregulation of S100A11 was mainly caused by destabilization of its mRNA. Finally, we showed that the BC200 RNA-knockdown-induced decrease in cell motility was mainly mediated by S100A11. Together, our results show that BC200 RNA promotes cell motility by stabilizing S100A11 transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heegwon Shin
- a Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- a Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon , Korea
| | | | - Yunhee Lee
- a Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon , Korea.,b Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon , Korea.,b Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Korea
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MMTV-cre;Ccn6 knockout mice develop tumors recapitulating human metaplastic breast carcinomas. Oncogene 2016; 36:2275-2285. [PMID: 27819674 PMCID: PMC5398917 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an aggressive form of invasive breast cancer with histological evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the defining molecular events are unknown. Here we show that CCN6 (WISP3), a secreted matricellular protein of the CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV) family, is significantly down regulated in clinical samples of human spindle cell metaplastic breast carcinoma. We generated a mouse model of mammary epithelial-specific Ccn6 deletion by developing a floxed Ccn6 mouse which was bred with an MMTV-Cre mouse. Ccn6fl/fl; MMTV-Cre mice displayed severe defects in ductal branching and abnormal age-related involution compared to littermate controls. Ccn6fl/fl ;MMTV-Cre mice developed invasive high grade mammary carcinomas with bona fide EMT, histologically similar to human metaplastic breast carcinomas. Global gene expression profiling of Ccn6fl/fl mammary carcinomas and comparison of orthologous genes with a human metaplastic carcinoma signature revealed a significant overlap of 87 genes (p=5×10−11). Among the shared deregulated genes between mouse and human are important regulators of epithelial morphogenesis including Cdh1, Ck19, Cldn3 and 4, Ddr1, and Wnt10a. These results document a causal role for Ccn6 deletion in the pathogenesis of metaplastic carcinomas with histological and molecular similarities with human disease. We provide a platform to study new targets in the diagnosis and treatment of human metaplastic carcinomas, and a new disease relevant model in which to test new treatment strategies.
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