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Cismas S, Pasca S, Crudden C, Trocoli Drakensjo I, Suleymanova N, Zhang S, Gebhard B, Song D, Neo S, Shibano T, Smith TJ, Calin GA, Girnita A, Girnita L. Competing Engagement of β-arrestin Isoforms Balances IGF1R/p53 Signaling and Controls Melanoma Cell Chemotherapeutic Responsiveness. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1288-1302. [PMID: 37584671 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Constraints on the p53 tumor suppressor pathway have long been associated with the progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Likewise, the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) is recognized as an essential coordinator of transformation, proliferation, survival, and migration of melanoma cells. Given that β-arrestin (β-arr) system critically governs the anti/pro-tumorigenic p53/IGF1R signaling pathways through their common E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, we explore whether unbalancing this system downstream of IGF1R can enhance the response of melanoma cells to chemotherapy. Altering β-arr expression demonstrated that both β-arr1-silencing and β-arr2-overexpression (-β-arr1/+β-arr2) facilitated nuclear-to-cytosolic MDM2 translocation accompanied by decreased IGF1R expression, while increasing p53 levels, resulting in reduced cell proliferation/survival. Imbalance towards β-arr2 (-β-arr1/+β-arr2) synergizes with the chemotherapeutic agent, dacarbazine, in promoting melanoma cell toxicity. In both 3D spheroid models and in vivo in zebrafish models, this combination strategy, through dual IGF1R downregulation/p53 activation, limits melanoma cell growth, survival and metastatic spread. In clinical settings, analysis of the TCGA-SKCM patient cohort confirms β-arr1-/β-arr2+ imbalance as a metastatic melanoma vulnerability that may enhance therapeutic benefit. Our findings suggest that under steady-state conditions, IGF1R/p53-tumor promotion/suppression status-quo is preserved by β-arr1/2 homeostasis. Biasing this balance towards β-arr2 can limit the protumorigenic IGF1R activities while enhancing p53 activity, thus reducing multiple cancer-sustaining mechanisms. Combined with other therapeutics, this strategy improves patient responses and outcomes to therapies relying on p53 or IGF1R pathways. IMPLICATIONS Altogether, β-arrestin system bias downstream IGF1R is an important metastatic melanoma vulnerability that may be conductive for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cismas
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvya Pasca
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iara Trocoli Drakensjo
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Gebhard
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiyong Neo
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Singapore Immunology Network SIgN, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terry J Smith
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Wang P, Mak VCY, Cheung LWT. Drugging IGF-1R in cancer: New insights and emerging opportunities. Genes Dis 2022; 10:199-211. [PMID: 37013053 PMCID: PMC10066341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays important roles in cancer development and metastasis. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a key member in the IGF axis and has long been recognized for its oncogenic role in multiple cancer lineages. Here we review the occurrence of IGF-1R aberrations and activation mechanisms in cancers, which justify the development of anti-IGF-1R therapies. We describe the therapeutic agents available for IGF-1R inhibition, with focuses on the recent or ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies. These include antisense oligonucleotide, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies which may be conjugated with cytotoxic drug. Remarkably, simultaneous targeting of IGF-1R and several other oncogenic vulnerabilities has shown early promise, highlighting the potential benefits of combination therapy. Further, we discuss the challenges in targeting IGF-1R so far and new concepts to improve therapeutic efficacy such as blockage of the nuclear translocation of IGF-1R.
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Li Y, Lu K, Zhao B, Zeng X, Xu S, Ma X, Zhi Y. Depletion of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor increases radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1135-1145. [PMID: 33456988 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although radiation therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is very effective in some patients, treatment resistance limits its efficacy. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) can affect tumor responsiveness and sensitivity to radiation in several cancer types. Herein, we studied the underlying function of IGF1R in the resistance of advanced CRC to radiation therapy and the possible use of drugs targeting IGF1R to overcome this resistance in patients with CRC. Methods Differences in the expression levels of the IGF1R were assessed in CRC samples from patients who were radiosensitive or radioresistant. Two radio-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480 and HT29, were selected for in vitro studies, and the involvement of the IGF1R in their radiation resistance was elucidated by suppressing its expression through a targeted siRNA and through the use of a specific IGF1R inhibitor, BMS-754807. We assessed radiosensitivity in these human CRC cells lines by examining their proliferation and colony formation, as well as cell cycle analysis. Activation of the Akt pathway was assessed using western blotting. Results Compared with tissues from radiosensitive patients, higher IGF1R expression levels were found in patients with radiation-resistant colorectal cancer, while BMS-754807 had improved radiosensitivity and reversed radiation tolerance in both colorectal cancer cell lines. Pre-treatment with BMS-754807 prior to irradiation inhibited Akt phosphorylation, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased DNA damage. Therefore, the IGF1R contributes to radiation resistance of CRC cells in vitro. Conclusions This study supports the notion that the radiosensitivity of radiation-resistant colorectal cancer cells can be enhanced by directly targeting IGF1R expression or activity. Ultimately, the combination of radiotherapy with IGF1R targeted inhibitors could potentially increase its effectiveness in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, China
| | - Ben Zhao
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaokui Zeng
- Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqing Zhi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
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4
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Bae SY, Guan N, Yan R, Warner K, Taylor SD, Meyer AS. Measurement and models accounting for cell death capture hidden variation in compound response. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:255. [PMID: 32312951 PMCID: PMC7171175 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell sensitivity or resistance is almost universally quantified through a direct or surrogate measure of cell number. However, compound responses can occur through many distinct phenotypic outcomes, including changes in cell growth, apoptosis, and non-apoptotic cell death. These outcomes have divergent effects on the tumor microenvironment, immune response, and resistance mechanisms. Here, we show that quantifying cell viability alone is insufficient to distinguish between these compound responses. Using an alternative assay and drug-response analysis amenable to high-throughput measurement, we find that compounds with identical viability outcomes can have very different effects on cell growth and death. Moreover, additive compound pairs with distinct growth/death effects can appear synergistic when only assessed by viability. Overall, these results demonstrate an approach to incorporating measurements of cell death when characterizing a pharmacologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ning Guan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrina Warner
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Buraschi S, Morcavallo A, Neill T, Stefanello M, Palladino C, Xu SQ, Belfiore A, Iozzo RV, Morrione A. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 functionally interacts with the IGF-I system in bladder cancer. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100022. [PMID: 33543020 PMCID: PMC7852334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common and aggressive cancers and, regardless of the treatment, often recurs and metastasizes. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating urothelial tumorigenesis is critical for the design and implementation of rational therapeutic strategies. We previously discovered that the IGF-IR axis is critical for bladder cancer cell motility and invasion, suggesting a possible role in bladder cancer progression. However, IGF-IR depletion in metastatic bladder cancer cells only partially inhibited anchorage-independent growth. Significantly, metastatic bladder cancer cells have decreased IGF-IR levels but overexpressed the insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), suggesting that the latter may play a more prevalent role than the IGF-IR in bladder tumor progression. The collagen receptor DDR1 cross-talks with both the IGF-IR and IR in breast cancer, and previous data suggest a role of DDR1 in bladder cancer. Here, we show that DDR1 is expressed in invasive and metastatic, but not in papillary, non-invasive bladder cancer cells. DDR1 is phosphorylated upon stimulation with IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin, co-precipitates with the IGF-IR, and the IR-A and transient DDR1 depletion severely inhibits IGF-I-induced motility. We further demonstrate that DDR1 interacts with Pyk2 and non-muscle myosin IIA in ligands-dependent fashion, suggesting that it may link the IGF-IR and IR-A to the regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Similarly to the IGF-IR, DDR1 is upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared to healthy tissue controls. Thus, our findings provide the first characterization of the molecular cross-talk between DDR1 and the IGF-I system and could lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in bladder cancer. Moreover, the expression profiles of IGF-IR, IR-A, DDR1, and downstream effectors could serve as a novel biomarker signature with diagnostic and prognostic significance. We discovered that the collagen receptor DDR1 cross-talks with insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling in bladder cancer DDR1 co-precipitates with the IGF-IR and the insulin receptor (IR), and is phosphorylated upon stimulation with IGF ligands This collagen receptor modulates IGF-I-evoked motility and anchorage-independent growth DDR1 complexes with Pyk2, myosin IIA, IGF-IR and/or IR and regulates actin dynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Department of Urology, and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Manuela Stefanello
- Department of Urology, and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chiara Palladino
- Department of Urology, and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shi-Qiong Xu
- Department of Urology, and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Urology, and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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7
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Combining ERBB family and MET inhibitors is an effective therapeutic strategy in cutaneous malignant melanoma independent of BRAF/NRAS mutation status. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:663. [PMID: 31506424 PMCID: PMC6737096 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for disseminated cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) improve survival; however, relapses are common. A number of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including EGFR and MET have been reported to be involved in CMM metastasis and in the development of resistance to therapy, targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathway). IHC analysis showed that patients with higher MET protein expression had a significantly shorter overall survival. In addition, silencing of MET caused an upregulation of EGFR and p-AKT, which was abrogated by concomitant silencing of MET and EGFR in CMM cells resistant to MAPK-targeting drugs. We therefore explored novel treatment strategies using clinically approved drugs afatinib (ERBB family inhibitor) and crizotinib (MET inhibitor), to simultaneously block MET and ERBB family RTKs. The effects of the combination were assessed in cell culture and spheroid models using established CMM and patient-derived short-term cell lines, and an in vivo xenograft mouse model. The combination had a synergistic effect, promoting cell death, concomitant with a potent downregulation of migratory and invasive capacity independent of their BRAF/NRAS mutational status. Furthermore, the combination attenuated tumor growth rate, as ascertained by the significant reduction of Ki67 expression and induced DNA damage in vivo. Importantly, this combination therapy had minimal therapy-related toxicity in mice. Lastly, the cell cycle G2 checkpoint kinase WEE1 and the RTK IGF1R, non-canonical targets, were altered upon exposure to the combination. Knockdown of WEE1 abrogated the combination-mediated effects on cell migration and proliferation in BRAF mutant BRAF inhibitor-sensitive cells, whereas WEE1 silencing alone inhibited cell migration in NRAS mutant cells. In summary, our results show that afatinib and crizotinib in combination is a promising alternative targeted therapy option for CMM patients, irrespective of BRAF/NRAS mutational status, as well as for cases where resistance has developed towards BRAF inhibitors.
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Osher E, Macaulay VM. Therapeutic Targeting of the IGF Axis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080895. [PMID: 31416218 PMCID: PMC6721736 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a fundamental role in normal growth and development, and when deregulated makes an important contribution to disease. Here, we review the functions mediated by ligand-induced IGF axis activation, and discuss the evidence for the involvement of IGF signaling in the pathogenesis of cancer, endocrine disorders including acromegaly, diabetes and thyroid eye disease, skin diseases such as acne and psoriasis, and the frailty that accompanies aging. We discuss the use of IGF axis inhibitors, focusing on the different approaches that have been taken to develop effective and tolerable ways to block this important signaling pathway. We outline the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and discuss progress in evaluating these agents, including factors that contributed to the failure of many of these novel therapeutics in early phase cancer trials. Finally, we summarize grounds for cautious optimism for ongoing and future studies of IGF blockade in cancer and non-malignant disorders including thyroid eye disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Osher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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9
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IGF-1R Inhibition Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Increases Radiosensitivity in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5497467. [PMID: 31467485 PMCID: PMC6701353 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5497467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (IR) has provided considerable improvements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment, radioresistance is still a major threat for some subsets of patients. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is tightly regulated and plays critical roles in mediating cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Thus, IGF-1R may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with different malignancies. However, its mechanism in NPC is not fully investigated. Linsitinib is an oral small molecule and is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of IGF-1R, which has been known for antitumor effects used widely. Here, we evaluated the proliferation and radiosensitivity of NPC cell lines (CNE-2 and SUNE-1) after linsitinib treatment. We found that linsitinib suppresses IGF-1-induced cell proliferation through inhibiting Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, linsitinib further boosted IR-induced DNA damage, G2-M cell cycle delay, and apoptosis in NPC cells. Finally, linsitinib reversed radioresistant NPC cells by decreasing the phosphorylation of IGF-1R. Our data indicated that the combination of linsitinib and IR and targeting IGF-1R by linsitinib could be a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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10
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van der Kooij MK, Speetjens FM, van der Burg SH, Kapiteijn E. Uveal Versus Cutaneous Melanoma; Same Origin, Very Distinct Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E845. [PMID: 31248118 PMCID: PMC6627906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we critically evaluated the knowledge on cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). Both cancer types derive from melanocytes that share the same embryonic origin and display the same cellular function. Despite their common origin, both CM and UM display extreme differences in their genetic alterations and biological behavior. We discuss the differences in genetic alterations, metastatic routes, tumor biology, and tumor-host interactions in the context of their clinical responses to targeted- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique K van der Kooij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank M Speetjens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yang M, Yang C, Tao Y, Tang J, Huang Q, Guo W, Feng S, Jiang A, Xu X, Jiang G, Liu Y. Combination therapy with F5/35 fiber chimeric conditionally replicative adenoviruses expressing IL-24 enhances the antitumor effect of temozolomide against melanoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5928-5942. [PMID: 30406970 PMCID: PMC6308089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used to treat melanoma; however, response rates to TMZ are low because of rapid and frequent resistance. Conditionally, replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) are an effective and promising approach. The receptor for adenovirus is coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is poorly expressed in most cells. However, CD46, which is the receptor of species B adenoviruses (Ads), is highly expressed in many cells. Methods We constructed CRAd F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24, which uses the viral receptors CAR and CD46 for entry into cells. We investigated the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ to treat melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Results The \results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor and pro‐apoptotic effects in melanoma cells. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. In addition, the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to that of ZD55‐IL‐24 and ZD55‐IL‐24 combined with TMZ. Conclusions The use of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in conjunction with TMZ is a promising approach for anti‐melanoma therapy. Our results indicated that F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 in combination with TMZ produced additive or synergistic antitumor effect and pro‐apoptotic effect in melanoma cells highly expressed CD46. The combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. We also found the antitumor effect of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 was superior to ZD55‐IL‐24, the combination of F5/35‐ZD55‐IL‐24 and TMZ had a more significant antitumor effect than ZD55‐IL‐24 combining with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yingkai Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shouxin Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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13
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Niessner H, Kosnopfel C, Sinnberg T, Beck D, Krieg K, Wanke I, Lasithiotakis K, Bonin M, Garbe C, Meier F. Combined activity of temozolomide and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in metastatic melanoma involves DKK1. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:598-606. [PMID: 28423208 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib achieves remarkable clinical responses in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, but its effects are limited by the onset of drug resistance. In the case of resistance, chemotherapy can still be applied as second line therapy. However, it yields low response rates and strategies are urgently needed to potentiate its effects. In a previous study, we showed that the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway significantly increases sensitivity of melanoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs (J. Invest. Dermatol. 2009, 129, 1500). In this study, the combination of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide significantly increases growth inhibition and apoptosis in melanoma cells compared to temsirolimus or temozolomide alone. The combination of temozolomide with temsirolimus is not only effective in established but also in newly isolated and vemurafenib-resistant metastatic melanoma cell lines. These effects are associated with the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and the upregulation of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf homologue 1 (DKK1). Knock-down of DKK1 suppresses apoptosis induction by the combination of temsirolimus and temozolomide. These data suggest that the inhibition of the mTOR pathway increases sensitivity of melanoma cells towards temozolomide. Chemosensitisation is associated with enhanced expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beck
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Krieg
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ines Wanke
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Bonin
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Carl Gustav Carus Medical Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Liu X, Chen H, Xu X, Ye M, Cao H, Xu L, Hou Y, Tang J, Zhou D, Bai Y, Ma X. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor knockdown enhances radiosensitivity via the HIF-1α pathway and attenuates ATM/H2AX/53BP1 DNA repair activation in human lung squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1332-1340. [PMID: 30061953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a cell membrane receptor involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present study aimed to observe the influence of IGF-1R silencing on the radiosensitivity of SCC and investigate the potential mechanisms involved. Human lung SCC H520 cells with relatively high expression of IGF-1R were used. IGF-1R expression was silenced using short hairpin RNA. The influence of IGF-1R silencing on radiosensitivity and apoptosis was assessed using a clone formation assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins relevant in DNA damage repair and hypoxic signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. Decreased expression of IGF-1R led to an increase in the sensitivity of H520 cells to irradiation. Molecular analysis showed that the reduced expression of IGF-1R decreased the protein expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), H2A histone family member X (H2AX) and p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), which are associated with the DNA repair pathway. Furthermore, 53BP1 is also known to be involved in apoptosis. Proteins involved in the hypoxic pathway, including hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were also involved in the radiosensitivity. In conclusion, decreased expression of IGF-1R leads to improved radiosensitivity of SCC cells, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the decreased expression of proteins involved in ATM/H2AX/53BP1 DNA damage repair and the HIF-1α/MMP-9 hypoxic pathway, which results in the induction of apoptosis and increased radiosensitivity. These findings suggest that targeting of IGF-1R may represent a novel approach for lung SCC radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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15
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Earwaker P, Anderson C, Willenbrock F, Harris AL, Protheroe AS, Macaulay VM. RAPTOR up-regulation contributes to resistance of renal cancer cells to PI3K-mTOR inhibition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191890. [PMID: 29389967 PMCID: PMC5794101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The outlook for patients with advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) has been improved by targeted agents including inhibitors of the PI3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR axis, although treatment resistance is a major problem. Here, we aimed to understand how RCC cells acquire resistance to PI3K-mTOR inhibition. We used the RCC4 cell line to generate a model of in vitro resistance by continuous culture in PI3K-mTOR kinase inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235, Dactolisib). Resistant cells were cross-resistant to mTOR inhibitor AZD2014. Sensitivity was regained after 4 months drug withdrawal, and resistance was partially suppressed by HDAC inhibition, supporting an epigenetic mechanism. BEZ235-resistant cells up-regulated and/or activated numerous proteins including MET, ABL, Notch, IGF-1R, INSR and MEK/ERK. However, resistance was not reversed by inhibiting or depleting these pathways, suggesting that many induced changes were passengers not drivers of resistance. BEZ235 blocked phosphorylation of mTOR targets S6 and 4E-BP1 in parental cells, but 4E-BP1 remained phosphorylated in resistant cells, suggesting BEZ235-refractory mTORC1 activity. Consistent with this, resistant cells over-expressed mTORC1 component RAPTOR at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, BEZ235 resistance was suppressed by RAPTOR depletion, or allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. These data reveal that RAPTOR up-regulation contributes to PI3K-mTOR inhibitor resistance, and suggest that RAPTOR expression should be included in the pharmacodynamic assessment of mTOR kinase inhibitor trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adrian L. Harris
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Protheroe
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valentine M. Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Simpson A, Petnga W, Macaulay VM, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Pathway Targeting in Cancer: Role of the IGF Axis and Opportunities for Future Combination Studies. Target Oncol 2017; 12:571-597. [PMID: 28815409 PMCID: PMC5610669 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been largely disappointing, and any potential success has been limited by the lack of validated predictive biomarkers for patient enrichment. A large body of preclinical evidence suggests that the key role of the IGF axis in cancer is in driving treatment resistance, via general proliferative/survival mechanisms, interactions with other mitogenic signaling networks, and class-specific mechanisms such as DNA damage repair. Consequently, combining IGF-targeted agents with standard cytotoxic agents, other targeted agents, endocrine therapies, or immunotherapies represents an attractive therapeutic approach. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not inhibit IGF ligand 2 (IGF-2) activation of the insulin receptor isoform-A (INSR-A), which may limit their anti-proliferative activity. In addition, due to their lack of specificity, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with hyperglycemia as a result of interference with signaling through the classical metabolic INSR-B isoform; this may preclude their use at clinically effective doses. Conversely, IGF-1/IGF-2 ligand-neutralizing mAbs inhibit proliferative/anti-apoptotic signaling via IGF-1R and INSR-A, without compromising the metabolic function of INSR-B. Therefore, combination regimens that include these agents may be more efficacious and tolerable versus IGF-1R-targeted combinations. Herein, we review the preclinical and clinical experience with IGF-targeted therapies to-date, and discuss the rationale for future combination approaches as a means to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simpson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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18
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Aleksic T, Browning L, Woodward M, Phillips R, Page S, Henderson S, Athanasou N, Ansorge O, Whitwell D, Pratap S, Hassan AB, Middleton MR, Macaulay VM. Durable Response of Spinal Chordoma to Combined Inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR. Front Oncol 2016; 6:98. [PMID: 27200287 PMCID: PMC4852191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare primary malignant bone tumors arising from embryonal notochord remnants of the axial skeleton. Chordomas commonly recur following surgery and radiotherapy, and there is no effective systemic therapy. Previous studies implicated receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), in chordoma biology. We report an adult female patient who presented in 2003 with spinal chordoma, treated with surgery and radiotherapy. She underwent further surgery for recurrent chordoma in 2008, with subsequent progression in pelvic deposits. In June 2009, she was recruited onto the Phase I OSI-906-103 trial of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib with linsitinib, a novel inhibitor of IGF-1R/insulin receptor (INSR). Treatment with 100 mg QD erlotinib and 50 mg QD linsitinib was well-tolerated, and after 18 months a partial response was achieved by RECIST criteria. From 43 months, a protocol modification allowed intra-patient linsitinib dose escalation to 50 mg BID. The patient remained stable on trial treatment for a total of 5 years, discontinuing treatment in August 2014. She subsequently experienced further disease progression for which she underwent pelvic surgery in April 2015. Analysis of DNA extracted from 2008 (pre-trial) tissue showed that the tumor harbored wild-type EGFR, and a PIK3CA mutation was detected in plasma, but not tumor DNA. The 2015 (post-trial) tumor harbored a mutation of uncertain significance in ATM, with no detectable mutations in other components of a 50 gene panel, including EGFR, PIK3CA, and TP53. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor was positive for brachyury, the molecular hallmark of chordoma, and showed weak–moderate membrane and cytoplasmic EGFR. IGF-1R was detected in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm and was expressed more strongly in recurrent tumor than the primary. We also noted heterogeneous nuclear IGF-1R, which has been linked with sensitivity to IGF-1R inhibition. Similar variation in IGF-1R expression and subcellular localization was noted in 15 further cases of chordoma. In summary, this exceptionally durable response suggests that there may be merit in evaluating combined IGF-1R/INSR and EGFR inhibition in patients with chordomas that recur following failure of local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford , UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Martha Woodward
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Rachel Phillips
- Department of Radiology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Suzanne Page
- BRC Oxford Molecular Diagnostic Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Shirley Henderson
- BRC Oxford Molecular Diagnostic Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Nicholas Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Duncan Whitwell
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Sarah Pratap
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - A Bassim Hassan
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK; Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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