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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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Tanaka T, Togashi Y, Takeuchi Y, Higashi M, Fumino S, Tajiri T. Immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated-ERK in post-chemotherapeutic samples is a potential predictor of the prognosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:287-291. [PMID: 33394087 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of relapsed neuroblastomas have mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activating mutations. We previously showed the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors in MAPK-activated neuroblastoma. We herein assessed the correlation between MAPK activation and the prognosis in neuroblastoma patients using phosphorylated extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immunohistochemistry to establish the protocol for the clinical administration of MEK inhibitors. METHODS Neuroblastoma samples from patients treated in our hospital were immunostained with pERK. The clinical outcomes were retrospectively collected from medical records. The correlation between pERK positivity and the prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS Regarding pre-chemotherapeutic specimens, there were no differences in the pERK status between tumors with a good and bad prognosis in both the nuclei and cytoplasm. Regarding post-chemotherapeutic specimens, one of eight tumors with a good prognosis and four of six tumors with a poor prognosis showed pERK-positive nuclear staining (p = 0.0909) and five of eight tumors with a good prognosis and four of six tumors with a poor prognosis showed pERK-positive cytoplasmic staining (p > 0.9999). CONCLUSION These findings suggested post-chemotherapeutic-not pre-chemotherapeutic-nuclear pERK-positive neuroblastoma tends to be associated with a poor prognosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for MEK inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Togashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mayumi Higashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Fumino
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Picarsic J, Pysher T, Zhou H, Fluchel M, Pettit T, Whitehead M, Surrey LF, Harding B, Goldstein G, Fellig Y, Weintraub M, Mobley BC, Sharples PM, Sulis ML, Diamond EL, Jaffe R, Shekdar K, Santi M. BRAF V600E mutation in Juvenile Xanthogranuloma family neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS-JXG): a revised diagnostic algorithm to include pediatric Erdheim-Chester disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:168. [PMID: 31685033 PMCID: PMC6827236 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of juvenile xanthogranuloma family neoplasms (JXG) with ERK-pathway mutations are now classified within the "L" (Langerhans) group, which includes Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim Chester disease (ECD). Although the BRAF V600E mutation constitutes the majority of molecular alterations in ECD and LCH, only three reported JXG neoplasms, all in male pediatric patients with localized central nervous system (CNS) involvement, are known to harbor the BRAF mutation. This retrospective case series seeks to redefine the clinicopathologic spectrum of pediatric CNS-JXG family neoplasms in the post-BRAF era, with a revised diagnostic algorithm to include pediatric ECD. Twenty-two CNS-JXG family lesions were retrieved from consult files with 64% (n = 14) having informative BRAF V600E mutational testing (molecular and/or VE1 immunohistochemistry). Of these, 71% (n = 10) were pediatric cases (≤18 years) and half (n = 5) harbored the BRAF V600E mutation. As compared to the BRAF wild-type cohort (WT), the BRAF V600E cohort had a similar mean age at diagnosis [BRAF V600E: 7 years (3-12 y), vs. WT: 7.6 years (1-18 y)] but demonstrated a stronger male/female ratio (BRAF V600E: 4 vs WT: 0.67), and had both more multifocal CNS disease ( BRAFV600E: 80% vs WT: 20%) and systemic disease (BRAF V600E: 40% vs WT: none). Radiographic features of CNS-JXG varied but typically included enhancing CNS mass lesion(s) with associated white matter changes in a subset of BRAF V600E neoplasms. After clinical-radiographic correlation, pediatric ECD was diagnosed in the BRAF V600E cohort. Treatment options varied, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy with BRAF-inhibitor dabrafenib in one mutated case. BRAF V600E CNS-JXG neoplasms appear associated with male gender and aggressive disease presentation including pediatric ECD. We propose a revised diagnostic algorithm for CNS-JXG that includes an initial morphologic diagnosis with a final integrated diagnosis after clinical-radiographic and molecular correlation, in order to identify cases of pediatric ECD. Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine if pediatric BRAF V600E positive CNS-JXG neoplasms are a distinct entity in the L-group histiocytosis category or represent an expanded pediatric spectrum of ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Picarsic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - T Pysher
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Fluchel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Utah, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T Pettit
- Children's Hematology Oncology Centre, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Whitehead
- Department of Pathology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L F Surrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Harding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Weintraub
- Acquired Brain Injury Service, Alyn Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B C Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt Hospital, Nashville, USA
| | - P M Sharples
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, England
| | - M L Sulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, USA
| | - E L Diamond
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Jaffe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Shekdar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Holck S, Klarskov LL, Larsson LI. Phospho-ERK levels as predictors for chemotherapy of rectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1745-1755. [PMID: 30899445 PMCID: PMC6422203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rectal cancer has been vastly improved by advances in surgery and radiochemotherapy but remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A particular problem is the lack of predictive markers that can help to individualize treatment. The growth- and apoptosis-regulating signaling molecules ERK 1 and 2 are important to cancer growth and progression. They are activated through phosphorylation, which is initiated by a cascade involving the EGF receptor and RAS as upstream regulators. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate that phospho-ERKs interfere with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Recently, we showed that high levels of phospho-ERKs in rectal cancer cells predict poor responses to neoadjuvant (preoperative) radiochemotherapy. We now report that preoperative phospho-ERK levels also can subdivide high-risk rectal cancer patients into a favorable and a poor prognostic group with respect to recurrence-free survival. Importantly, phospho-ERK levels were of predictive significance only in high-risk patients, who received adjuvant (postoperative) chemotherapy, but not in high-risk patients not receiving such therapy. Our results suggest that high cancer cell levels of phospho-ERK predict poor responsiveness to both preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Holck
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Lars-Inge Larsson
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.,Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
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5
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Shoji H, Motegi M, Osawa K, Asao T, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Ogoshi K. The first thermic treatment predicts following chemoradiation response with concurrent thermal therapy for the treatment of rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:497-504. [PMID: 29928438 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether the neoadjuvant chemoradiation response with concurrent thermal therapy for the treatment of rectal cancer can be predicted following the first thermic treatment. Eighty patients with primary rectal adenocarcinoma (≤12 cm from the anal verge) were included in this study. Fifty-four received surgery and pathological response was evaluated. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was administered conventionally once daily 5 times/week. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy delivered to the planning target volume in 25 fractions. Concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy was delivered in 5-day courses. Capecitabine was administered orally at 1,700 mg/m2/day for 5 days/week. Thermic treatment was performed using the Thermotron-RF 8 and administered once/week for 5 weeks with 50 min irradiation. Patients with a gross tumor volume (GTV) ≤32 cm3 and a radiofrequency (RF) output difference (RO difference) ≥77 Watt/min exhibited pathological complete response (pCR) and CR rates of 50 and 75%, respectively. Those with a GTV ≥80 cm3 and a RO difference ≥77 Watt/min exhibited pCR and CR rates of 42.9 and 42.9%, respectively. The changes in the skin temperature during RF treatment in patients with pCR with a RO difference ≥77 Watt/min increased significantly compared with those of other outcomes, and progressive disease. These data suggest a strategy for predicting which patients will respond best following the first thermic treatment. The results identified that the group of patients with a GTV ≤32 cm3 and a RO difference ≥77 Watt/min (outputable/heatable patients) may respond best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Shoji
- Division of Surgery, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
| | - Masahiko Motegi
- Division of Surgery, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Osawa
- Division of Surgery, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takeo Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ogoshi
- Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Cancer Treatment, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
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6
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Ichimanda M, Hijiya N, Tsukamoto Y, Uchida T, Nakada C, Akagi T, Etoh T, Iha H, Inomata M, Takekawa M, Moriyama M. Downregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase 4 enhances cell proliferation and invasiveness in colorectal carcinomas. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:250-258. [PMID: 29150975 PMCID: PMC5765293 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is responsible for the development of precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of progression from these precursor lesions to invasive lesions of CRC are not fully understood. Recently, we reported that constitutive activation of MAPK accompanied by downregulation of dual‐specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), a MAPK phosphatase, contributes to the progression of precursor lesions in the pancreas. In this study, we found that downregulation of DUSP4 was related to constitutive activation of ERKs in CRC cells. Restoration of DUSP4 resulted in inactivation of ERKs, leading to suppression of both proliferation and invasiveness, as shown by treatment with an MEK inhibitor. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that DUSP4 expression was upregulated in the superficial region of CRC tissue, whereas it was significantly downregulated in the deep region. In contrast, ERKs in the deep region were markedly hyperactivated compared to those in the superficial region. These results suggest that activation of the MAPK signaling pathway caused by downregulation of DUSP4 is responsible for progression of CRCs and would be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ichimanda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hijiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akagi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Takekawa
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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Shoji H, Motegi M, Takakusagi Y, Asao T, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Ogoshi K. Chemoradiotherapy and concurrent radiofrequency thermal therapy to treat primary rectal cancer and prediction of treatment responses. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:695-704. [PMID: 27959450 PMCID: PMC5355662 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate a previously reported predictive formula of output-limiting symptoms induced by radiofrequency (RF) to determine the efficacy of this neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) and concurrent RF thermal therapy. The present study included 81 consecutive patients with confirmed diagnoses of rectal adenocarcinoma that was localized in the mid-low rectum (up to 12 cm from the anal verge) who received NACR [intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), 50 Gy/25 fractions, capecitabine 1,700 mg/m2/day for 5 days/week)] with concurrent thermal therapy (Thermotron-RF8, once a week for 5 weeks with 50 min irradiation). Patients with progressive disease (PD) did not receive RF outputs higher than the predicted value. Some patients who were predicted to receive more output in fact received more than the predicted output. In patients who were predicted to receive moderately higher outputs, 37.5% of the patients experienced pathological complete responses, which was the highest rate, while in those who did not receive more than the predicted output, 66.7% of the patients experienced PD, which was the highest rate in the present study. We speculate that RF thermal therapy may offset the chemoradiation effects in some patients. Adding thermal therapy as a multimodality therapy to NACR potentially affects patients with lower predicted outputs and actual observed outputs slightly higher than the predictive value. Our predictive equation for initial energy output, in which output‑limiting symptoms can be used to predict treatment efficacy, consequently, can be used to decide whether to continue this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Shoji
- Division of Surgery, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Asao
- Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takeo Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ogoshi
- Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Cancer Treatment, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
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Wang Y, Liu H, Liang D, Huang Y, Zeng Y, Xing X, Xia J, Lin M, Han X, Liao N, Liu X, Liu J. Reveal the molecular signatures of hepatocellular carcinoma with different sizes by iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2016; 150:230-241. [PMID: 27693406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor size of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a key parameter for predicting prognosis of HCC patients. The biological behaviors of HCC, such as tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis are significantly associated with tumor size. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we applied iTRAQ-based proteomic strategy to analyze the proteome differences among small, media, large and huge primary HCC tissues. In brief,88 proteins in small HCC, 69 proteins in media HCC, 118 proteins in large HCC and 215 proteins in huge HCC, were identified by comparing the proteome of cancerous tissues with its corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Further analysis of dysregulated proteins involved in signaling revealed that alteration of ERK1/2 and AKT signaling played important roles in the tumorigenesis or tumor growth in all subtypes. Interestingly, alteration of specific signaling was discovered in small and huge HCC, which might reflect specific molecular mechanisms of tumor growth. Furthermore, the dysregulation degree of a group of proteins has been confirmed to be significantly correlated with the tumor size; these proteins might be potential targets for studying tumor growth of HCC. Overall, we have revealed the molecular signatures of HCC with different tumor sizes, and provided fundamental information for further in-depth study. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we compared the protein expression profiles among different HCC subtypes, including small HCC, media HCC, large HCC and huge HCC for the first time. The results clearly proved that different molecular alterations and specific signaling pathways were indeed involved in different HCC subtypes, which might explain the different malignancy biological behaviors. In addition, the dysregulation degree of a group of proteins has been confirmed to be significantly correlated with the tumor size. We believe that these findings would help us better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of the tumorigenesis and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Lin
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Naishun Liao
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Holck S, Bonde J, Pedersen H, Petersen AA, Chaube A, Nielsen HJ, Larsson LI. Localization of active, dually phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 in colorectal cancer with or without activating BRAF and KRAS mutations. Hum Pathol 2016; 54:37-46. [PMID: 27036313 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRC) often show activating mutations of the KRAS or BRAF genes, which stimulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, thus increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. However, immunohistochemical results on ERK activation in such tumors differ greatly. Recently, using a highly optimized immunohistochemical method, we obtained evidence that high levels of ERK activation in rectal adenocarcinomas were associated with resistance to radiochemotherapy. In order to determine whether KRAS and/or BRAF mutations correlate to immunohistochemically detectable increases in phosphorylation of ERK (pERK), we stained biopsies from 36 CRC patients with activating mutations in the BRAF gene (BRAFV600E: BRAF(m)), the KRAS gene (KRAS(m)) or in neither (BRAF/KRAS(n)) with this optimized method. Staining was scored in blind-coded specimens by two observers. Staining of stromal cells was used as a positive control. BRAF(m) or KRAS(m) tumors did not show higher staining scores than BRAF/KRAS(n) tumors. Although BRAFV600E staining occurred in over 90% of cancer cells in all 9 BRAF(m) tumors, 3 only showed staining for pERK in less than 10% of cancer cell nuclei. The same applied to 4 of the 14 KRAS(m) tumors. A phophorylation-insensitive antibody demonstrated that lack of pERK staining did not reflect defect expression of ERK1/2 protein. Thus, increased staining for pERK does not correlate to BRAF or KRAS mutations even with a highly optimized procedure. Further studies are required to determine whether this reflects differences in expression of counterregulatory molecules, including ERK phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Holck
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bonde
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Helle Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anja Alex Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Amita Chaube
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars-Inge Larsson
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK -2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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