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Wang B, Sun L, Wen M, Tan Y, Almalki WH, Katouah H, Kazmi I, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alrobaian M, Alharbi KS, Alenezi SK, Alghaith AF, Beg S, Rahman M. Nano lipidic carriers for codelivery of sorafenib and ganoderic acid for enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:843-856. [PMID: 34408545 PMCID: PMC8363106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on the development and evaluation of nano lipidic carriers (NLCs) for codelivery of sorafenib (SRF) and ganoderic acid (GA) therapy in order to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The dual drug-loaded NLCs were prepared by hot microemulsion technique, where SRF and GA as the drugs, Precirol ATO5, Capmul PG8 as the lipids, while Solutol HS15 and ethanol was used as surfactant and cosolvents. The optimized drug-loaded NLCs were extensively characterized through in vitro and in vivo studies. The optimized formulation had particle size 29.28 nm, entrapment efficiency 93.1%, and loading capacity 14.21%. In vitro drug release studies revealed>64% of the drug was released in the first 6 h. The enzymatic stability analysis revealed stable nature of NLCs in various gastric pH, while accelerated stability analysis at 25◦C/60% RH indicated the insignificant effect of studied condition on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and loading capacity of NLCs. The cytotoxicity performed on HepG2 cells indicated higher cytotoxicity of SRF and GA-loaded NLCs as compared to the free drugs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the optimized formulation suppressed the development of hepatic nodules in the Wistar rats and significantly reduced the levels of hepatic enzymes and nonhepatic elements against DEN intoxication. The SRF and GA-loaded NLCs also showed a significant effect in suppressing the tumor growth and inflammatory cytokines in the experimental study. Further, histopathology study of rats treated SRF and GA-loaded NLCs and DEN showed absence of necrosis, apoptosis, and disorganized hepatic parenchyma, etc. over other treated groups of rats. Overall, the dual drug-loaded NLCs outperformed over the plain drugs in terms of chemoprotection, implying superior therapeutic action and most significantly eliminating the hepatic toxicity induced by DEN in Wistar rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Mingyun Wen
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Youchun Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicne, Shandong University, No.11 Wuying Shanzhong Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250031, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicne, Shandong University, No.11 Wuying Shanzhong Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250031, China
| | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Katouah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam K. Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Wang Y, Huang P, Hu Y, Guo K, Jia X, Huang B, Liu X, He X, Huang F. An oncolytic adenovirus delivering TSLC1 inhibits Wnt signaling pathway and tumor growth in SMMC-7721 xenograft mice model. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:766-774. [PMID: 33928346 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) was first identified as a tumor suppressor for lung cancer, and frequently downregulated in various types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Wnt pathway plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, migration, and invasion in HCC. However, the function of TSLC1 in modulating Wnt signaling in HCC is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of TSLC1-armed oncolytic adenovirus (S24-TSLC1) on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, cell viability, invasion and migration abilities of HCC in vitro and the growth of SMMC-7721-xenografted tumor in mice model. We detected the expression of TSLC1 in tumor samples and HCC cell lines. The results showed that TSLC1 expression was low in HCC, but high in pericarcinomatous tissue and normal cells, which implied that TSLC1 is a tumor suppressor of liver cancer. S24-TSLC1 exhibited an antitumor effect on HCC cell growth in vitro, but did little damage to normal liver cells. Overexpression of TSLC1 downregulated the transcriptional activity of TCF4/β-catenin and inhibited the mRNA or protein expression of Wnt target genes cyclinD1 and c-myc. S24-TSLC1 also inhibited the invasion and migration of HCC cells. Animal experiments further confirmed that S24-TSLC1 significantly inhibited tumor growth of the SMMC-7721-xenografted tumor. In conclusion, TSLC1 could downregulate the Wnt signal pathway and suppress HCC cell growth, migration and invasion, suggesting that S24-TSLC1 may be a potent antitumor agent for future clinical trials in liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Keni Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xianglei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311402, China
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Kolb D, Kolishetti N, Surnar B, Sarkar S, Guin S, Shah AS, Dhar S. Metabolic Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment Leads to Multiple Checkpoint Inhibition and Immune Cell Infiltration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11055-11066. [PMID: 32706241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to be glycolytic, driving increased glucose consumption and its conversion to lactate. This process modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, glycolytically activated immune cells often become anergic, leading to an increase in immune checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Most glycolytic inhibitors not only inhibit glycolysis of cancer but also of immune cells. Therefore, using a nanoparticle-delivered agent to preferentially inhibit glycolysis in tumor cells, and not in immune cells, has the potential to attenuate the expression of checkpoint proteins. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) can be an important target to achieve tumor specific glycolysis inhibition. We report TME modulation by a mitochondrion-targeted nanoparticle (NP) containing a prodrug of dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK1 inhibitor. We demonstrated that the targeted NP alters the TME which results in increased immunological activation against cancer cells, causing a decrease in mean tumor volume. Here, we also show findings that when Mito-DCA, a prodrug of DCA, was combined with anti-PD-1, a checkpoint inhibitor, results from in vivo syngeneic models showed an upregulation in the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. This work provides a platform to bring therapeutic efficacy by selectively inhibiting glycolysis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolb
- Partikula LLC, 7777 Davie Road, Hollywood, Florida 33024, United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Partikula LLC, 7777 Davie Road, Hollywood, Florida 33024, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shrita Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Subham Guin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Anuj S Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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Sorafenib and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Approach for Treatment of HCC. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9602728. [PMID: 32617114 PMCID: PMC7312705 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9602728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sorafenib (Sora) is used as a targeted therapy for HCC treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are applied as a new approach to fight malignancies. Drug resistance and side effects are the major concerns with Sora administration. The effect of using the combination of sorafenib and MSCs on tumor regression in xenograft HCC models was evaluated in this study. Methods and Materials. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) were subcutaneously implanted into the flank of 18 nude mice. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 3); each received Sora (oral), MSCs (IV injection), MSCs (local injection), Sora + MSCs (IV injection), Sora + MSCs (local injection), or no treatment (the control group). Six weeks after tumor implantation, the mice were scarified and tumoral tissues were resected in their entirety. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were used to measure tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Apoptotic cells were quantified using the TUNEL assay. Results. No significant difference was found in the tumor grade among the treatment groups. Differentiation features of the tumoral cells were histopathologically insignificant in all the groups. Tumor necrosis was highest in the hpMSC (local) + Sora group. Tumor cell proliferation was reduced in hpMSC (local) + Sora-treated and hpMSC (IV) + Sora-treated mice compared with the other groups. Apoptotic-positive cells occupied a greater proportion in the Sora, hpMSC (IV) + Sora, and hpMSC (local) + Sora groups. Conclusion. A combination of chemotherapy and MSC can yield to more favorable results in the treatment of HCC.
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5
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Wang ZZ, Huang TY, Gong YF, Zhang XM, Feng-Wang, Huang XY. Effects of sorafenib on fibroblast-like synoviocyte apoptosis in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106418. [PMID: 32199349 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia resulting from an imbalance between the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Our previous study found that sorafenib had inhibitory effects in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). The present study investigated the role of sorafenib in the induction of AA FLS apoptosis in vitro. FLSs obtained from AA rats were cultured in vitro and identified. Cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling methods. Real-time PCR and Western blotting assays were used to quantify the expression levels of Fas, Caspase-3, Mcl-1, NF-κB and C-jun gene products in AA FLSs. Our data revealed that sorafenib (4 μmol/L) induced apoptosis in AA FLSs, and flow cytometry analysis showed that AA FLSs treated with sorafenib (4 μmol/L) in vitro accumulated in early and late apoptosis. There were significant increases in the expression levels of Fas, Caspase-3 and Mcl-1, and significant decreases in NF-κB and C-jun expression in AA FLSs treated with sorafenib. In summary, these results demonstrate that sorafenib promotes AA FLS apoptosis, which may be related to the upregulation of Fas and Caspase-3 and downregulation of NF-κB and C-jun. All of these findings suggest that sorafenib exerts an inhibitory effect on AA rats in vivo via AA FLS apoptotic induction, which has potential therapeutic implications for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- Grade 2016, The First Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yong-Fang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feng-Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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6
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Yang H, Liu HS, Hou W, Gao JX, Duan Y, Wei D, Gong XQ, Wang HJ, Wu XL, Chang J. An NIR-responsive mesoporous silica nanosystem for synergetic photothermal-immunoenhancement therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:251-259. [PMID: 31799596 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To create a more precise, efficient imaging and therapeutic strategy is a big challenge for the current treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted enormous attention due to its non-invasive property and precise spatial and temporal control. Here, we developed a strategy to realize superior imaging performance and treatment, utilizing an indocyanine green (ICG) and sorafenib (S) co-loaded mesoporous silica nanosystem for synergetic PTT/immuno-enhanced therapy. We proved that (ICG+S)@mSiO2 could be easily endocytosed by H22 cells, carried out outstanding real-time fluorescence imaging, and enhanced cytotoxicity abilities by near-infrared radiation (NIR) in vitro. Moreover, (ICG+S)@mSiO2 also had excellent fluorescence imaging ability, displayed a remarkable photothermal tumor killing effect and immune enhancement capability under 808 nm irradiation in an H22 tumor-bearing mice model, without apparent adverse effects in other organs. This study provides a new strategy for the development of a PTT/immuno-enhanced synergistic theranostic nanosystem of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine (Tianjin First Central Hospital), Yashi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wen Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine (Tianjin First Central Hospital), Yashi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xiao Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Daohe Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qun Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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7
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Tateno C, Ohta S, Kotake Y. Coordinated cytochrome P450 expression in mouse liver and intestine under different dietary conditions during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:133-144. [PMID: 30880217 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection is performed to remove tumors in patients with liver cancer, but the procedure's suitability depends on the regenerative ability of the liver. It is important to consider the effects of exogenous factors, such as diets, on liver regeneration for the recovery of function. The evaluation of drug metabolism during liver regeneration is also necessary because liver dysfunction is generally observed after the operation. Here, we investigated the influence of a purified diet (AIN-93G) on liver regeneration and changes in the mRNA expression of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and small intestine using a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) mouse model fed with a standard diet (MF) and a purified diet. Liver regeneration was significantly delayed in the purified diet group relative to that in the standard diet group. The liver Cyp2c55 and Cyp3a11 expression was increased at 3 day after PH especially in the purified diet group. Bile acid may partly cause the differences in liver regeneration and CYP expression between two types of diets. On the other hand, Cyp3a13 expression in the small intestine was transiently increased at day 1 after PH in both diet groups. The findings suggest that compensatory induction of the CYP expression occurred in the small intestine after attenuation of drug metabolism potential in the liver. The present results highlight the importance of the relationship between liver regeneration, drug metabolism, and exogenous factors for the effective treatment, including surgery and medication, in patients after liver resection or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Chise Tateno
- R&D Dept., PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd., 739-0046, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan; Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan
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8
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Wang ZZ, Liu F, Gong YF, Huang TY, Zhang XM, Huang XY. Antiarthritic Effects of Sorafenib in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1519-1526. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Yong-Fang Gong
- Department of Anatomy; Bengbu Medical College; Bengbu China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- Grade 2016, The First Department of Clinical Medicine; Bengbu Medical College; Bengbu China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
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9
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Zhang N, Gu J, Yin L, Wu J, Du MY, Ding K, Huang T, He X. Incorporation of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) into subclassification of BCLC C stage hepatocellular carcinoma according to a 5-year survival analysis based on the SEER database. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81389-81401. [PMID: 27835609 PMCID: PMC5348400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) on prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and put forward a proposal to modify BCLC staging system and the recommended treatment of patients with stage C. RESULTS AFP positive was an independent poor prognostic factor of HCC. Race, pathological grade, T stage, M stage were also regarded to be significant predicted factors for poorer prognosis. When combining AFP status with AJCC stage, patients with A1 disease had a worse prognosis compared with those with A0 disease within each stage. Patients with A1 disease of each T/N stage had a worse prognosis than patients with A0 disease of the respective stage, and the prognosis of patients with A1 disease with lower T stages was worse or similar to that of patients with A0 disease of higher T stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of all patients histologically diagnosed HCC from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008, from the SEER database. CONCLUSIONS AFP can be used as a subclassification index to modify the AJCC staging system of HCC. Since BCLC stage is the most widely used staging system, we recommend routine pre-treatment AFP testing as standard of care in HCC and incorporate AFP status into the BCLC staging system to modify the recommended treatment of patients with stage C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yin
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Du
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Teng Huang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia He
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Ying HZ, Chen Q, Zhang WY, Zhang HH, Ma Y, Zhang SZ, Fang J, Yu CH. PDGF signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7879-7889. [PMID: 28983598 PMCID: PMC5779870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet‑derived growth factor (PDFG) signaling pathway exerts persistent activation in response to a variety of stimuli and facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Since this pathway modulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and carcinogenesis, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis and liver‑associated disorders. The present review exhibits the current knowledge of the role of the PDGF signaling pathway and its pathological profiles in hepatic fibrosis, and assesses the potential of inhibitors which have been investigated in the experimental hepatic fibrosis model, in addition to the clinical challenges associated with these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Accelerated carcinogenesis following liver resection in chronically inflamed livers: A window of opportunity for treatment. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:545-548. [PMID: 28515912 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term prognosis following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory as a result of a high incidence of recurrence. Prevention of recurrence is the most important strategy to improve the long-term survival results. The role of hepatectomy itself, as an accelerator of carcinogenesis, has not been adequately evaluated in HCC patients. Studies in animal models have revealed a link between liver regeneration under chronic inflammation and hepatic tumorigenesis. Inhibiting different signal transduction pathways during liver regeneration without compromising the ability of the liver to regenerate appears to be a rational strategy and may decrease HCC development and recurrence. If this hypothesis is proven using animal models, this strategy could be evaluated in future clinical trials in humans.
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Insights into the Role and Interdependence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4234061. [PMID: 28070230 PMCID: PMC5192343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4234061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crucial roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of hepatic diseases have been unraveled and emphasized for decades. From steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammation are sustained and participated in this pathological progressive process. Notably, increasing evidences showed that oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly related, which are regarded as essential partners that present simultaneously and interact with each other in various pathological conditions, creating a vicious cycle to aggravate the hepatic diseases. Clarifying the interaction of oxidative stress and inflammation is of great importance to provide new directions and targets for developing therapeutic intervention. Herein, this review is concerned with the regulation and interdependence of oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of liver diseases. In addition to classical mediators and signaling, particular emphasis is placed upon immune suppression, a potential linkage of oxidative stress and inflammation, to provide new inspiration for the treatment of liver diseases. Furthermore, since antioxidation and anti-inflammation have been extensively attempted as the strategies for treatment of liver diseases, the application of herbal medicines and their derived compounds that protect liver from injury via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation collectively were reviewed and discussed.
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Zhang WK, Gu HW, Li XJ, Li YS, Tang HB, Tian GH, Shang HC. The dark side of "the force" - lipid nanoparticles enhance the oncogenesis of diethylnitrosamine and result in liver cancer in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:701-711. [PMID: 27729235 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-carriers, especially lipid nanoparticles have been used widely in "a good manner", for instance in the treatment of cancer, by enhancing the targetability and reducing required dose. Here in the contrary, we presented a new possibility: nanoDEN, a nanoparticle-packed "bad guy", which is more effective and efficient in generating liver tumor in mice. We have shown that nanoDEN, same as diethylnitrosamine (DEN), induced overexpression of multiple pivotal factors (including COX-2, β-catenin and PCNA) during oncogenesis. Moreover, nanoDEN increased the apoptosis of liver cells compared with DEN alone. This apoptotic effect of nanoDEN is more efficient on normal cells than on cancer cells. Taken into consideration the fact that there are endogenous nanoparticles naturally formed inside our body, our research enlarged our views of all the aspects of oncogenic chemicals, while also established a better method of producing animal model of liver cancer, which has future investigational and therapeutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kevin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Sang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
| | - He-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Gui-Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Karthik D, Stelzer G, Gershanov S, Baranes D, Salmon-Divon M. Elucidating tissue specific genes using the Benford distribution. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:595. [PMID: 27506195 PMCID: PMC4979126 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RNA-seq technique is applied for the investigation of transcriptional behaviour. The reduction in sequencing costs has led to an unprecedented trove of gene expression data from diverse biological systems. Subsequently, principles from other disciplines such as the Benford law, which can be properly judged only in data-rich systems, can now be examined on this high-throughput transcriptomic information. The Benford law, states that in many count-rich datasets the distribution of the first significant digit is not uniform but rather logarithmic. RESULTS All tested digital gene expression datasets showed a Benford-like distribution when observing an entire gene set. This phenomenon was conserved in development and does not demonstrate tissue specificity. However, when obedience to the Benford law is calculated for individual expressed genes across thousands of cells, genes that best and least adhere to the Benford law are enriched with tissue specific or cell maintenance descriptors, respectively. Surprisingly, a positive correlation was found between the obedience a gene exhibits to the Benford law and its expression level, despite the former being calculated solely according to first digit frequency while totally ignoring the expression value itself. Nevertheless, genes with low expression that exhibit Benford behavior demonstrate tissue specific associations. These observations were extended to predict the likelihood of tissue specificity based on Benford behaviour in a supervised learning approach. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the applicability and potential predictability of the Benford law for gleaning biological insight from simple count data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Karthik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Gil Stelzer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Sivan Gershanov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
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