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Pan KH, Yao L, Chen Z, Sun J, Jia Z, Zhang J, Ling Z. KL is a favorable prognostic factor related immune for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:356. [PMID: 37726833 PMCID: PMC10510209 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent cancer in adult urology, often leading to metastasis and poor prognosis. Recently, advances in tumor immunology and aging research have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of kidney cancer. Therefore, the identification of potential targets and prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy has become increasingly urgent. METHODS Using GSE168845 data, we identified immune-aging-associated differentially expressed genes (IAR-DEGs) by intersecting differentially expressed immune-related genes and aging-related genes. The prognostic value of IAR-DEGs was determined via univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, revealing KL as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. We also investigated the correlation between KL and various immune-related factors, including immune cell infiltration, immune score, immune checkpoint, MSI, and TIED score. To confirm the expression of KL in ccRCC, we conducted qRT-PCR assays on both ccRCC cell lines and clinical tissue samples, and compared KL expression levels between normal kidney cell line (HK-2) and ACHN, a ccRCC cell line. Finally, we assessed KL protein expression levels in tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS In this study, we utilized Venn diagram analysis to identify 17 co-expressed immune-aging related DEGs from GSE168845, import database, and MSigDB database. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the functions of the 17 IAR-DEGs were primarily related to "aging". Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis validated these 17 genes, and KL was determined to be an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. The downregulation of KL was observed in ccRCC tissues and was negatively associated with T stage, M stage, pathological stage, and histologic grade (p < 0.05). This downregulation indicated disease deterioration and a shortened overall survival period. Our calibration curves and nomogram demonstrated the excellent predictive potential of KL. GSEA analysis showed that KL gene mediated immune and aging-related pathways, and was significantly correlated with immune infiltration and MS and TIED score. More research has revealed a significant reduction in KL mRNA expression levels in human renal cancer cells, particularly in ccRCC tissues compared to adjacent normal kidney tissues. Moreover, immunohistochemistry data have demonstrated a marked decrease in KL protein expression levels in ccRCC cells when compared to adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS KL was a potential aging-related target for immunotherapy and valid prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hao Pan
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongming Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianglei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhixin Ling
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang M, Liu YF, Gao Y, Zhao C, Chen M, Pan KH. Immune-pyroptosis-related genes predict the prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101693. [PMID: 37315507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common cancer of the adult urological system. Recent developments in tumor immunology and pyroptosis biology have provided new directions for kidney cancer treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify potential targets and prognostic biomarkers for the combination of immunotherapy and pyroptosis-targeted therapy. METHODS The expression of immune-pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (IPR-DEGs) between KIRC and healthy tissues was examined using the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. The GSE168845 dataset was selected for subsequent analyses. Data of 1793 human immune-related genes were downloaded from the ImmPort database (https://www.immport.org./home), while those of 33 pyroptosis-related genes were extracted from previous reviews. The independent prognostic value of IPR-DEGs was determined using differential expression, prognostic, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The GSE53757 dataset was used to further verify the GSDMB and PYCARD levels. In our cohorts, the association among DEGs and clinicopathological features and overall survival was analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model was established to evaluate the correlation of IPR-DEGs with the immune score, immune checkpoint gene expression, and one-class logistic regression (OCLR) score. KIRC cells and clinical tissue samples were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine the GSDMB and PYCARD mRNA levels. The GSDMB and PYCARD levels in a healthy kidney cell line (HK-2 cells) and two KIRC cell lines (786-O and Caki-1 cells) were verified. The tissue levels of GSDMB and PYCARD were evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. GSDMB and PYCARD were knocked down in 786-O cells using short-interfering RNA. Cell proliferation was examined using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell migration was measured by transwell migration assays RESULTS: GSDMB and PYCARD were determined to be IPR-DEGs with independent prognostic values. A risk prognostic model based on GSDMB and PYCARD was successfully established. In the GSE53757 dataset, the GSDMB and PYCARD levels in KIRC tissues were significantly higher than those in healthy tissues. The GSDMB and PYCARD expression was related to T stage and OS in our cohort. The GSDMB and PYCARD levels were significantly correlated with the immune score, immune checkpoint gene expression, and OCLR score. The results of experimental studies were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. The GSDMB and PYCARD levels in KIRC cells were significantly upregulated when compared with those in healthy kidney cells. Consistently, GSDMB and PYCARD in KIRC tissues were significantly upregulated when compared with those in adjacent healthy kidney tissues. GSDMB and PYCARD knockdown significantly decreased 786-O cell proliferation (p < 0.05). Transwell migration result reflects that silencing GSDMB and PYCARD inhibited 786-O cell migration (p < 0.05) . CONCLUSIONS GSDMB and PYCARD are potential targets and effective prognostic biomarkers for the combination of immunotherapy and pyroptosis-targeted therapy in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, XiShan People's Hospital Of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggui Zhao
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Lishui District People's Hospital, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Hao Pan
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Buller DM, Antony M, Ristau BT. Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Landscape and Future Direction. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:49-64. [PMID: 36718243 PMCID: PMC9884052 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s393296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally and regionally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can recur at high rates even after visually complete resection of primary disease. Both targeted therapies and immunotherapies represent potential agents that might help reduce recurrence of RCC in these patients. This paper reviews the current body of evidence defining their potential impact and examines the large Phase III randomized clinical trials that have been performed to assess the safety and efficacy of these systemic therapies in the adjuvant setting. Given that the findings from these trials have been predominantly negative, this paper also explores the role of other potential adjuvant agents, including single and combination agent targeted therapies and immunotherapies, whose use is currently limited to metastatic RCC. Finally, the use of radiation therapy and the use of advanced imaging modalities in RCC are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Antony
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin T Ristau
- Division of Urology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA,Correspondence: Benjamin T Ristau, Division of Urology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, Tel +1 860 679 3438, Fax +1 860 679 6109, Email
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4
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Zhang G, Zhang L, Sun S, Chen M. Identification of a Novel Defined Immune-Autophagy-Related Gene Signature Associated With Clinical and Prognostic Features of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:790804. [PMID: 34988121 PMCID: PMC8721006 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.790804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a common cancer of the urinary system in adults, renal clear cell carcinoma is metastatic in 30% of patients, and 1-2 years after diagnosis, 60% of patients die. At present, the rapid development of tumor immunology and autophagy had brought new directions to the treatment of renal cancer. Therefore, it was extremely urgent to find potential targets and prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy combined with autophagy. Methods: Through GSE168845, immune-related genes, autophagy-related genes, and immune-autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (IAR-DEGs) were identified. Independent prognostic value of IAR-DEGs was determined by differential expression analysis, prognostic analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then, the lasso Cox regression model was established to evaluate the correlation of IAR-DEGs with the immune score, immune checkpoint, iron death, methylation, and one-class logistic regression (OCLR) score. Results: In this study, it was found that CANX, BID, NAMPT, and BIRC5 were immune-autophagy-related genes with independent prognostic value, and the risk prognostic model based on them was well constructed. Further analysis showed that CANX, BID, NAMPT, and BIRC5 were significantly correlated with the immune score, immune checkpoint, iron death, methylation, and OCLR score. Further experimental results were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: CANX, BID, NAMPT, and BIRC5 were potential targets and effective prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy combined with autophagy in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Cantero-Navarro E, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Sanz AB, Marquez-Exposito L, Marchant V, Santos-Sanchez L, Egido J, Ortiz A, Bellon T, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Ruiz-Ortega M. Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688060. [PMID: 34307414 PMCID: PMC8295566 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bellon
- La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Fujikawa M, Koma YI, Hosono M, Urakawa N, Tanigawa K, Shimizu M, Kodama T, Sakamoto H, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 1 Derived from Tumor-Associated Macrophages Contributes to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via CCR8-Mediated Akt/Proline-Rich Akt Substrate of 40 kDa/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:686-703. [PMID: 33460563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor progression. The number of infiltrating TAMs is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients; however, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. cDNA microarray analysis indicates that the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is up-regulated in peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated using conditioned media from ESCC cells (TAM-like macrophages). Here, we evaluated the role of CCL1 in ESCC progression. CCL1 was overexpressed in TAM-like macrophages, and CCR8, a CCL1 receptor, was expressed on ESCC cell surface. TAM-like macrophages significantly enhanced the motility of ESCC cells, and neutralizing antibodies against CCL1 or CCR8 suppressed this increased motility. Recombinant human CCL1 promoted ESCC cell motility via the Akt/proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Akt inhibitors, CCR8 silencing, and neutralizing antibody against CCR8 could significantly suppress these effects. The overexpression of CCL1 in stromal cells or CCR8 in ESCC cells was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.002 or P = 0.009, respectively) and disease-free survival (P = 0.009 or P = 0.047, respectively) in patients with ESCC. These results indicate that the interaction between stromal CCL1 and CCR8 on cancer cells promotes ESCC progression via the Akt/proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, thereby providing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Fujikawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Hosono
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Tanigawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Evelönn EA, Landfors M, Haider Z, Köhn L, Ljungberg B, Roos G, Degerman S. DNA methylation associates with survival in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:65. [PMID: 30642274 PMCID: PMC6332661 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis if metastasized. Up to one third of patients with local disease at diagnosis will develop metastasis after nephrectomy, and there is a need for new molecular markers to identify patients with high risk of tumor progression. In the present study, we performed genome-wide promoter DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis to identify DNA methylation profiles associated with risk for progress. METHOD Diagnostic tissue samples from 115 ccRCC patients were analysed by Illumina HumanMethylation450K arrays and methylation status of 155,931 promoter associated CpGs were related to genetic aberrations, gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The ccRCC samples separated into two clusters (cluster A/B) based on genome-wide promoter methylation status. The samples in these clusters differed in tumor diameter (p < 0.001), TNM stage (p < 0.001), morphological grade (p < 0.001), and patients outcome (5 year cancer specific survival (pCSS5yr) p < 0.001 and cumulative incidence of progress (pCIP5yr) p < 0.001. An integrated genomic and epigenomic analysis in the ccRCCs, revealed significant correlations between the total number of genetic aberrations and total number of hypermethylated CpGs (R = 0.435, p < 0.001), and predicted mitotic age (R = 0.407, p < 0.001). We identified a promoter methylation classifier (PMC) panel consisting of 172 differently methylated CpGs accompanying progress of disease. Classifying non-metastatic patients using the PMC panel showed that PMC high tumors had a worse prognosis compared with the PMC low tumors (pCIP5yr 38% vs. 8%, p = 0.001), which was confirmed in non-metastatic ccRCCs in the publically available TCGA-KIRC dataset (pCIP5yr 39% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis in ccRCC has the potential to improve outcome-prediction in non-metastatic patients at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Andersson Evelönn
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Köhn
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Liu Y, Tan X, Liu W, Chen X, Hou X, Shen D, Ding Y, Yin J, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu Y, Hou J, Thompson TC, Cao G. Follistatin-like protein 1 plays a tumor suppressor role in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2018; 37:2. [PMID: 29357946 PMCID: PMC5778637 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that the expression of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) was significantly down-regulated in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of FSTL1 in the development of ccRCC. METHODS The effects of FSTL1 on cell activity and cell cycle were investigated in ccRCC cell lines with altered FSTL1 expression. Gene expression microarray assays were performed to identify the major signaling pathways affected by FSTL1 knockdown. The expression of FSTL1 in ccRCC and its effect on postoperative prognosis were estimated in a cohort with 89 patients. RESULTS FSTL1 knockdown promoted anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of ccRCC cell lines, whereas FSTL1 overexpression attenuated cell migration. FSTL1 knockdown up-regulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathways, increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, up-regulated interleukin-6 expression, and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α-induced degradation of NF-κB inhibitor (IκBα) in ccRCC cell lines. FSTL1 immunostaining was selectively positive in epithelial cytoplasm in the loop of Henle, and positive rate of FSTL1 was significantly lower in ccRCC tissues than in adjacent renal tissues (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the intratumoral FSTL1 expression conferred a favorable independent prognosis with a hazard ratio of 0.325 (95% confidence interval 0.118-0.894). HIF-2α expression was negatively correlated with FSTL1 expression in ccRCC specimens (r = - 0.229, P = 0.044). Intratumoral expression of HIF-2α, rather than HIF-1α, significantly predicted an unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC (log-rank, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS FSTL1 plays a tumor suppression role possibly via repressing the NF-κB and HIF-2α signaling pathways. To increase FSTL1 expression might be a candidate therapeutic strategy for metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Hou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology-Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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