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Silva AD, Hwang J, Marciel MP, Bellis SL. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 promote upregulation of the ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2024:107752. [PMID: 39260693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase is overexpressed in multiple cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ST6GAL1 adds an α2-6-linked sialic acid to N-glycosylated membrane receptors, which consequently modulates receptor structure and function. While many studies have investigated the effects of ST6GAL1 on cell phenotype, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding mechanisms that regulate ST6GAL1 expression. In the current study, we evaluated the regulation of ST6GAL1 by two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, that are abundant within the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Cytokine activity was monitored using the Suit-2 PDAC cell line and two Suit-2-derived metastatic subclones, S2-013 and S2-LM7AA. For all three cell models, treatment with IL-1β or IL-6 increased the expression of ST6GAL1 protein and mRNA. Specifically, IL-1β and IL-6 induced expression of the ST6GAL1 YZ mRNA isoform, which is driven by the P3 promoter. The ST6GAL1 H and X isoforms were not detected. Promoter reporter assays confirmed that IL-1β and IL-6 activated transcription from the P3 promoter. We then examined downstream signaling mechanisms. IL-1β is known to signal through the NFκB transcription factor, whereas IL-6 signals through the STAT3 transcription factor. CUT&RUN experiments revealed that IL-1β promoted the binding of NFκB to the ST6GAL1 P3 promoter, and IL-6 induced the binding of STAT3 to the P3 promoter. Finally, we determined that inhibitors of NFκB and STAT3 blocked the upregulation of ST6GAL1 stimulated by IL-1β and IL-6, respectively. Together, these results highlight a novel molecular pathway by which cytokines within the tumor microenvironment stimulate the upregulation of ST6GAL1 in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Silva
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael P Marciel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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2
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Díaz-Tejeiro C, Arenas-Moreira M, Sanvicente A, Paniagua-Herranz L, Clemente-Casares P, Bravo I, Alonso-Moreno C, Nieto-Jiménez C, Ocaña A. Antitumoral activity of a CDK12 inhibitor in colorectal cancer through a liposomal formulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117165. [PMID: 39059354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Recent experiments suggest that CDK12 can be a good therapeutic target in CRC, and therefore, novel inhibitors targeting this protein are currently in preclinical development. Lipid-based formulations of chemical entities have demonstrated the ability to enhance activity while improving the safety profile. In the present work, we explore the antitumor activity of a new CDK12 inhibitor (CDK12-IN-E9, CDK12i) and its lipid-based formulation (LP-CDK12i) in CRC models, to increase efficacy. SW620, SW480 and HCT116 CRC cell lines were used to evaluate the inhibitor and the liposomal formulation using MTT proliferation assay, 3D invasion cultures, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. Free-cholesterol liposomal formulations of CDK12i (LP-CDK12i) were obtained by solvent injection method and fully characterized by size, shape, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile and stability assessments. LP-CDK12i induced a higher antiproliferative effect compared with CDK12i as a free agent. The IC50 value was lower across all cell lines tested, leading to a reduction in cell proliferation and the formation of 3D structures. Evaluation of apoptosis revealed an increase in cell death, while biochemical studies demonstrated modifications of apoptosis and DNA damage components. In conclusion, we confirm the role of targeting CDK12 for the treatment of CRC and describe, for the first time, a liposomal formulation of a CDK12i with higher antiproliferative activity compared with the free compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz-Tejeiro
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Arenas-Moreira
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad nanoDrug, Facultad de Farmacia-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Clemente-Casares
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Molecular, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IB)), Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Ivan Bravo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad nanoDrug, Facultad de Farmacia-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Unidad nanoDrug, Facultad de Farmacia-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Pramanik N, Gupta A, Ghanwatkar Y, Mahato RI. Recent advances in drug delivery and targeting for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2024; 366:231-260. [PMID: 38171473 PMCID: PMC10922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant treatment efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the deadliest solid tumor, is still incurable in the preclinical stages due to multifacet stroma, dense desmoplasia, and immune regression. Additionally, tumor heterogeneity and metabolic changes are linked to low grade clinical translational outcomes, which has prompted the investigation of the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and the creation of effective treatment approaches by selectively targeting genetic pathways. Since targeting upstream molecules in first-line oncogenic signaling pathways typically has little clinical impact, downstream signaling pathways have instead been targeted in both preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we discuss how the complexity of various tumor microenvironment (TME) components and the oncogenic signaling pathways that they are connected to actively contribute to the development and spread of PDAC, as well as the ways that recent therapeutic approaches have been targeted to restore it. We also illustrate how many endogenous stimuli-responsive linker-based nanocarriers have recently been developed for the specific targeting of distinct oncogenes and their downstream signaling cascades as well as their ongoing clinical trials. We also discuss the present challenges, prospects, and difficulties in the development of first-line oncogene-targeting medicines for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkamal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aditya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zou B. Nanotechnology and curcumin: a novel and promising approach in digestive cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2081-2099. [PMID: 38078442 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the application of nanotechnology and curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from turmeric, in treating digestive cancers, one of the most common types of malignancies worldwide. Despite curcumin's potential for inhibiting tumor growth, its clinical application is hindered by issues such as poor solubility and bioavailability. Nanomedicine, with its unique ability to enhance drug delivery and reduce toxicity, offers a solution to these limitations. The paper focuses on the development of nanoformulations of curcumin, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, that improve its bioavailability and efficacy in treating digestive cancers, including liver and colorectal cancers. The study serves as a valuable reference for future research and development in this promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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5
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Zhang Q, Yang Z, Hao X, Dandreo LJ, He L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Wu X, Xu L. Niclosamide improves cancer immunotherapy by modulating RNA-binding protein HuR-mediated PD-L1 signaling. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:192. [PMID: 37848943 PMCID: PMC10583380 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) represents a revolutionary advance in cancer treatment but remains limited success in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we aim to explore the mechanism of RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuR in cancer immune evasion by post-transcriptionally regulating PD-L1 and evaluate the potential of HuR inhibition to improve immune response. METHODS The binding between HuR and PD-L1 mRNA was determined by ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. The HuR knockout clones were established by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The protein levels were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. The function and molecular mechanism of HuR-PD-L1 were determined by in vitro T cell activation and killing assay and in vivo efficacy assay. RESULTS We found that HuR directly bound to and stabilized PD-L1 mRNA. Knocking out HuR reduced PD-L1 levels and promoted T cell activation. We discovered that niclosamide reduced PD-L1 by inhibiting HuR cytoplasmic translocation, and diminished glycosylation of PD-L1. Niclosamide enhanced T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells and significantly improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in two syngeneic animal tumor models. CONCLUSION We identified HuR as a novel posttranscriptional regulator of PD-L1, which plays an important role in tumor immune evasion. Niclosamide might be a promising repurposed drug to improve the patient response to immunotherapy by targeting HuR-PD-L1 axis. Our study demonstrates a novel strategy for targeting HuR/PD-L1 and provides the first proof-of-principle for repurposing niclosamide as a HuR inhibitor to overcome cancer immune evasion and improve response to ICB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Xinbao Hao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Lauren J Dandreo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Lily He
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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6
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Mukherjee D, Krishnan A. Therapeutic potential of curcumin and its nanoformulations for treating oral cancer. World J Methodol 2023; 13:29-45. [PMID: 37456978 PMCID: PMC10348080 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of oral cancer has steadily increased in recent years and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Oral cancer is the most common cancer in the head and neck region, and is predominantly of epithelial origin (i.e. squamous cell carcinoma). Oral cancer treatment modalities mainly include surgery with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Though proven effective, chemotherapy has significant adverse effects with possibilities of tumor resistance to anticancer drugs and recurrence. Thus, there is an imperative need to identify suitable anticancer therapies that are highly precise with minimal side effects and to make oral cancer treatment effective and safer. Among the available adjuvant therapies is curcumin, a plant polyphenol isolated from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been demonstrated to have anti-infectious, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Curcumin has poor bioavailability, which has been overcome by its various analogues and nanoformulations, such as nanoparticles, liposome complexes, micelles, and phospholipid complexes. Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of curcumin are mediated by its action on multiple molecular targets, including activator protein 1, protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, mitogen-activated protein kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, and EGFR downstream signaling pathways. These targets play important roles in oral cancer pathogenesis, thereby making curcumin a promising adjuvant treatment modality. This review aims to summarize the different novel formulations of curcumin and their role in the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptasree Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
- Department of Medicine, Apex Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata 700075, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
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7
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Overcoming Acquired Drug Resistance to Cancer Therapies through Targeted STAT3 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054722. [PMID: 36902166 PMCID: PMC10002572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neoplastic agents for cancer treatment utilize many different mechanisms of action and, when combined, can result in potent inhibition of cancer growth. Combination therapies can result in long-term, durable remission or even cure; however, too many times, these anti-neoplastic agents lose their efficacy due to the development of acquired drug resistance (ADR). In this review, we evaluate the scientific and medical literature that elucidate STAT3-mediated mechanisms of resistance to cancer therapeutics. Herein, we have found that at least 24 different anti-neoplastic agents-standard toxic chemotherapeutic agents, targeted kinase inhibitors, anti-hormonal agents, and monoclonal antibodies-that utilize the STAT3 signaling pathway as one mechanism of developing therapeutic resistance. Targeting STAT3, in combination with existing anti-neoplastic agents, may prove to be a successful therapeutic strategy to either prevent or even overcome ADR to standard and novel cancer therapies.
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8
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Wu L, Ge Y, Yuan Y, Li H, Sun H, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhao T, Wang X, Liu J, Gao S, Chang A, Hao J, Huang C. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies MTA3 as an inducer of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215864. [PMID: 35981571 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) resistance is one of the major causes of treatment failure in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in clinic. Here, through CRISPR/Cas9 activation library screen, we found that MTA3 mediates the GEM resistance of PDAC and thus might be a potential therapeutic target for combination chemotherapy. The CRISPR library screening showed that MTA3 is the most enriched gene in the surviving GEM-treated cells, and bioinformatic and histology analysis implied its high correlation with GEM resistance. MTA3 promoted GEM resistance of PDAC cells in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistically, as a component of the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase transcriptional repression complex, MTA3 transcriptionally represses CRIP2, a transcriptional repressor of NF-Κb/p65, activating NF-κB signaling and consequently leading to GEM resistance. Furthermore, the treatment of GEM increases MTA3 expression in PDAC cells via activating STAT3 signaling, thereby inducing the acquired chemoresistance of PDAC to GEM. In patients derived xenografts (PDX) mouse model, Colchicine suppresses the expression of MTA3 and increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to GEM. Based on these findings, MTA3 plays a key role in GEM resistance in pancreatic cancer and is a promising therapeutic target for reversing GEM chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yi Ge
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yudong Yuan
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Huizhi Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Antao Chang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Rahnama N, Jahangir M, Alesaeid S, Kahrizi MS, Adili A, Mohammed RN, Aslaminabad R, Akbari M, Özgönül AM. Association between microRNAs and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer: Current knowledge, new insights, and forthcoming perspectives. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153982. [PMID: 35779293 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, commonly known as pancreatic cancer (PC), is a cancer-related cause of death due to delayed diagnosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Patients with PC suffer from incorrect responses to chemotherapy due to inherent and acquired chemical resistance. Numerous studies have shown the mechanism of the effect of chemoresistance on PC, such as genetic and epigenetic changes or the elucidation of signaling pathways. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as essential modulators of gene expression in various cellular functions, including chemoresistance. Thus, identifying the underlying link between microRNAs and PC chemoresistance helps determine the exact pathogenesis of PC. This study aims to classify miRNAs and signaling pathways related to PC chemoresistance, suggesting new therapeutic approaches to overcome PC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rahnama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Samira Alesaeid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, FL, USA; Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rebar N Mohammed
- Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University of Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Ramin Aslaminabad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mert Özgönül
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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10
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Yang H, Liu B, Liu D, Yang Z, Zhang S, Xu P, Xing Y, Kutschick I, Pfeffer S, Britzen-Laurent N, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screening Identifies DCK and CCNL1 as Genes That Contribute to Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133152. [PMID: 35804923 PMCID: PMC9264918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Although complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer, a late diagnosis is common and makes surgical treatment infeasible. Therefore, most patients receive chemotherapy to reduce the tumor burden. Gemcitabine has been the main chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer for over a decade; however, chemoresistance has emerged as a significant challenge to the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we applied genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screening with gemcitabine treatment to identify DCK and CCNL1 as genes that contribute to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer and explored the mechanism of CCNL1-related gemcitabine resistance. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Due to the difficulty of early diagnosis, most patients are diagnosed with metastasis or advanced-stage cancer, limiting the possibility of surgical treatment. Therefore, chemotherapy is applied to improve patient outcomes, and gemcitabine has been the primary chemotherapy drug for pancreatic cancer for over a decade. However, drug resistance poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of chemotherapy. The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) gene-editing system is a powerful tool, and researchers have developed CRISPR/Cas9 library screening as a means to identify the genes associated with specific phenotype changes. We performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening in the mouse pancreatic cancer cell line TB32047 with gemcitabine treatment and identified deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and cyclin L1 (CCNL1) as the top hits. We knocked out DCK and CCNL1 in the TB32047 and PANC1 cell lines and confirmed that the loss of DCK or CCNL1 enhanced gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cells. Many researchers have addressed the mechanism of DCK-related gemcitabine resistance; however, no study has focused on CCNL1 and gemcitabine resistance. Therefore, we explored the mechanism of CCNL1-related gemcitabine resistance and found that the loss of CCNL1 activates the ERK/AKT/STAT3 survival pathway, causing cell resistance to gemcitabine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China;
| | - Dongxue Liu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Pengyan Xu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Yuming Xing
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Isabella Kutschick
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Susanne Pfeffer
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.X.); (I.K.); (S.P.); (N.B.-L.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang H, Man Q, Huo F, Gao X, Lin H, Li S, Wang J, Su F, Cai, L, Shi Y, Liu, B, Bu L. STAT3 pathway in cancers: Past, present, and future. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e124. [PMID: 35356799 PMCID: PMC8942302 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family, discovered in the cytoplasm of almost all types of mammalian cells, plays a significant role in biological functions. The duration of STAT3 activation in normal tissues is a transient event and is strictly regulated. However, in cancer tissues, STAT3 is activated in an aberrant manner and is induced by certain cytokines. The continuous activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of downstream proteins associated with the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancers. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of STAT3 regulation and designing inhibitors targeting the STAT3 pathway are considered promising strategies for cancer treatment. This review aims to introduce the history, research advances, and prospects concerning the STAT3 pathway in cancer. We review the mechanisms of STAT3 pathway regulation and the consequent cancer hallmarks associated with tumor biology that are induced by the STAT3 pathway. Moreover, we summarize the emerging development of inhibitors that target the STAT3 pathway and novel drug delivery systems for delivering these inhibitors. The barriers against targeting the STAT3 pathway, the focus of future research on promising targets in the STAT3 pathway, and our perspective on the overall utility of STAT3 pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qi‐Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck OncologySchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fang‐Yi Huo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hao Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Su‐Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fu‐Chuan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lulu Cai,
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Bing Liu,
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck OncologySchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lin‐Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck OncologySchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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12
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Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7160209. [PMID: 35591866 PMCID: PMC9113891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal cancer with the lowest survival rate globally. Although the prescription of herbal drugs against PC is gaining increasing attention, their polypharmacological therapeutic mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the anti-PC properties and system-level mechanisms of the herbal drug FDY003. FDY003 decreased the viability of human PC cells and strengthened their chemosensitivity. Network pharmacological analysis of FDY003 indicated the presence of 16 active phytochemical components and 123 PC-related pharmacological targets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PC-related targets of FDY003 participate in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle process, cell survival, and cell death. In addition, FDY003 was shown to target diverse key pathways associated with PC pathophysiology, namely, the PIK3-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, focal adhesion, TNF, p53, HIF-1, and Ras pathways. Our network pharmacological findings advance the mechanistic understanding of the anti-PC properties of FDY003 from a system perspective.
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13
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Qiao L, Chen Y, Liang N, Xie J, Deng G, Chen F, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Zhang J. Targeting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Radioresistance: Crosslinked Mechanisms and Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:775238. [PMID: 35251963 PMCID: PMC8888452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.775238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy exerts a crucial role in curing cancer, however, its treatment efficiency is mostly limited due to the presence of radioresistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that endows the cancer cells with invasive and metastatic properties, as well as radioresistance. Many potential mechanisms of EMT-related radioresistance being reported have broaden our cognition, and hint us the importance of an overall understanding of the relationship between EMT and radioresistance. This review focuses on the recent progresses involved in EMT-related mechanisms in regulating radioresistance, irradiation-mediated EMT program, and the intervention strategies to increase tumor radiosensitivity, in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency and clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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14
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Targeting STAT3 Signaling Facilitates Responsiveness of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051301. [PMID: 35267609 PMCID: PMC8908974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The debate is ongoing regarding the potential role of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and whether it should be reserved for borderline resectable or unresectable tumors. However, treatment response is heterogeneous, implicating the need to unveil and overcome the underlying mechanisms of resistance. Activation of the transcription factor STAT3 was recently linked to CRT resistance in other gastrointestinal cancers such as rectal and esophageal cancers, but its role in PDAC needs to be clarified. Protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 was determined in PDAC cell lines and connected to transcriptional activity measured by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling was achieved by RNAi or the small-molecule inhibitor napabucasin. We observed a positive correlation between STAT3 signaling activity and CRT resistance. Importantly, genetical and pharmacological perturbation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway resulted in CRT sensitization specifically in those cell lines, in which STAT3 activity was augmented by IL-6. In conclusion, our data underscore the general importance of IL-6/STAT3 signaling for CRT resistance and suggest that pathway inhibition may represents a putative treatment strategy in order to increase the fraction of patients with PDAC who are candidates for surgical approaches.
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15
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Piper M, Van Court B, Mueller A, Watanabe S, Bickett T, Bhatia S, Darragh LB, Mayeda M, Nguyen D, Gadwa J, Knitz M, Corbo S, Morgan R, Lee JJ, Dent A, Goodman K, Messersmith W, Schulick R, Del Chiaro M, Zhu Y, Kedl RM, Lenz L, Karam SD. Targeting Treg-Expressed STAT3 Enhances NK-Mediated Surveillance of Metastasis and Improves Therapeutic Response in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1013-1026. [PMID: 34862244 PMCID: PMC8898296 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis remains a major hurdle in treating aggressive malignancies such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Improving response to treatment, therefore, requires a more detailed characterization of the cellular populations involved in controlling metastatic burden. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PDAC patient tissue samples were subjected to RNA sequencing analysis to identify changes in immune infiltration following radiotherapy. Genetically engineered mouse strains in combination with orthotopic tumor models of PDAC were used to characterize disease progression. Flow cytometry was used to analyze tumor infiltrating, circulating, and nodal immune populations. RESULTS We demonstrate that although radiotherapy increases the infiltration and activation of dendritic cells (DC), it also increases the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg) while failing to recruit natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells in PDAC patient tissue samples. In murine orthotopic tumor models, we show that genetic and pharmacologic depletion of Tregs and NK cells enhances and attenuates response to radiotherapy, respectively. We further demonstrate that targeted inhibition of STAT3 on Tregs results in improved control of local and distant disease progression and enhanced NK-mediated immunosurveillance of metastasis. Moreover, combination treatment of STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and radiotherapy invigorated systemic immune activation and conferred a survival advantage in orthotopic and metastatic tumor models. Finally, we show the response to STAT3 ASO + radiotherapy treatment is dependent on NK and DC subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest targeting Treg-mediated immunosuppression is a critical step in mediating a response to treatment, and identifying NK cells as not only a prognostic marker of improved survival, but also as an effector population that functions to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Adam Mueller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shuichi Watanabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Bickett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Max Mayeda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Diemmy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sophia Corbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rustain Morgan
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jung-Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Alexander Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Karyn Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Wells Messersmith
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rich Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Laurel Lenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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16
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Alamilla-Presuel JC, Burgos-Molina AM, González-Vidal A, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Factors and molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1301-1315. [PMID: 35225732 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to review the published studies on radiation resistance mechanisms and molecular markers involved in different tumors. The revision has been focused in the last 5 years (2016-2021). CONCLUSIONS Radioresistance is a cause of concern as it causes failure of radiation therapy and subsequent tumor relapse. Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy are clinically successful in treating many types of tumors. Despite continued improvements in cancer treatment, locoregional recurrence or metastatic spread continues to occur in a high proportion of patients after being treated with radiation therapy or combination treatments. There is strong evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to radiation resistance, contributing to treatment failure. The mechanisms of radiation resistance in different tumors are not fully understood. A better understanding of cancer stem cells and the associated signaling pathways that regulate radiation resistance will open up new strategies for treating cancer by radiation therapy. Radiation can damage malignant cells mainly by the induction of DNA double strand breaks. However, in some tumors appear resistant cells that repopulate the tumor following therapy leading over time to the failure of the treatment. Native mechanisms and induced pathways, are the cause of radiation resistance. It has been described that numerous molecular markers acting through numerous mechanisms of action involved in radiation resistance, such as apoptosis resistance, alterations of cell growth, proliferation and DNA repair, hypoxia, increase in invasiveness and migration capacity, cell cycle alterations and expression of heat shock proteins, among others. Therefore, resistance to radiation is a multifactorial phenomenon that, in different cell types, it occurs through different regulatory mechanisms in which different molecules intervene. Resistance can be acquired by altering different regulatory pathways in different tumors. The knowledge of radiation resistance markers could help in the classification and treatment of patients with more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Alamilla-Presuel
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Antonio M Burgos-Molina
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Alejandro González-Vidal
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Miguel J Ruiz-Gómez
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
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17
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Shih PC. The role of the STAT3 signaling transduction pathways in radioresistance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108118. [PMID: 35085605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of radiotherapy has long known to be limited by the emergence of resistance. The four Rs of radiotherapy (DNA damage repair, reoxygenation, redistribution of the cell cycle, and repopulation) are generally accepted concepts in radiobioolgy. Recent studies have strongly linked signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the regulation of cancer stemness and radioresistance. In particular, a STAT3 pathway inhibitor napabucasin, claimed to be the first cancer stemness antagonist in clinical trials, strengthens the link. However, no reviews connect STAT3 with the four Rs of radiotherapy. Herein, the evidence-based role of STAT3 in radioresistance is discussed in relation to the four Rs of radiotherapy. The proposed mechanisms include upstream and downstream effector proteins of STAT3, including FOXM1, MELK, NEK2, AKT, EZH2, and HIF1α. Downstream transcriptional products of the mechanistically-related proteins are involved in cancer stemness, anti-apoptosis, and the four Rs of radiotherapy. Utilizing selective inhibitors of the mechanistically-related proteins has shown promising antagonism of radioresistance, suggesting that the expression levels of these proteins may be biomarkers for the prediction of radiotherapeutic outcomes, and that this molecular mechanism may provide a rational axis through which to treat radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Shih
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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18
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Adeluola A, Zulfiker AHM, Brazeau D, Amin ARMR. Perspectives for synthetic curcumins in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: An update with promising analogues. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174266. [PMID: 34146588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a pure compound extracted from the flowering plant, turmeric (Curcuma longa. Zingiberaceae), is a common dietary ingredient found in curry powder. It has been studied extensively for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumour activities. Evidence is accumulating demonstrating its potential in chemoprevention and as an anti-tumour agent for the treatment of cancer. Despite demonstrated safety and tolerability, the clinical application of curcumin is frustrated by its poor solubility, metabolic instability and low oral bioavailability. Consequently researchers have tried novel techniques of formulation and delivery as well as synthesis of analogues with enhanced properties to overcome these barriers. This review presents the synthetic analogues of curcumin that have proven their anticancer potential from different studies. It also highlights studies that combined these analogues with approved chemotherapies and delivered them via novel techniques. Currently, there are no reports of clinical studies on any of the synthetic congeners of curcumin and this presents an opportunity for future research. This review presents the synthetic analogues of curcumin and makes a compelling argument for their potential application in the management of cancerous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoluwa Adeluola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
| | - Abu Hasanat Md Zulfiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - A R M Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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19
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Ruan Z, Liang M, Shang L, Lai M, Deng X, Su X. Shikonin-mediated PD-L1 degradation suppresses immune evasion in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting NF-κB/STAT3 and NF-κB/CSN5 signaling pathways. Pancreatology 2021; 21:630-641. [PMID: 33707115 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal malignancy with few effective therapies currently available. Recent studies have shown that PD-L1 inhibitors could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PC. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Shikonin on immune evasion in PC with the involvement of the PD-L1 degradation. METHODS Initially, the expression patterns of PD-L1 and NF-κB in PC were predicted in-silico using the GEPIA database, and were subsequently validated using PC tissues. Thereafter, the correlation of NF-κB with STAT3, CSN5 and PD-L1 was examined. PC cells were treated with Shikonin, NF-κB inhibitor, STAT3 activator, and CSN5 overexpression plasmid to investigate effects on PD-L1 glycosylation and immune evasion in PC. Finally, in vivo tumor formation was induced in C57BL/6J mice, in order to verify the in vitro results. RESULTS PD-L1, NF-κB, NF-κB p65, STAT3, and CSN5 were highly expressed in PC samples, and NF-κB was positively correlated with STAT3/CSN5/PD-L1. Inhibition of NF-κB decreased PD-L1 glycosylation and increased PD-L1 degradation, whereas activated STAT3 and overexpressed CSN5 reversed these trends. Shikonin blocked immune evasion in PC, and lowered the expression of PD-L1, NF-κB, NF-κB p65, STAT3 and CSN5 in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION The findings indicated Shikonin inhibited immune evasion in PC by inhibiting PD-L1 glycosylation and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 and NF-κB/CSN5 signaling pathways. These effects of Shikonin on PC cells may bear important potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, PR China
| | - Minhua Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, PR China
| | - Ling Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, PR China
| | - Manxiang Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, PR China
| | - Xiangliang Deng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinguo Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, PR China.
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20
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Emerging roles for the IL-6 family of cytokines in pancreatic cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2091-2115. [PMID: 32808663 PMCID: PMC7434989 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the poorest prognoses of all malignancies, with little improvement in clinical outcome over the past 40 years. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases, and is characterised by the presence of a dense stroma that impacts therapeutic efficacy and drives pro-tumorigenic programs. More specifically, the inflammatory nature of the tumour microenvironment is thought to underlie the loss of anti-tumour immunity and development of resistance to current treatments. Inflammatory pathways are largely mediated by the expression of, and signalling through, cytokines, chemokines, and other cellular messengers. In recent years, there has been much attention focused on dual targeting of cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment. Here we review our current understanding of the role of IL-6, and the broader IL-6 cytokine family, in pancreatic cancer, including their contribution to pancreatic inflammation and various roles in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. We also summarise potential opportunities for therapeutic targeting of these pathways as an avenue towards combating poor patient outcomes.
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21
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Nguyen L, Schilling D, Dobiasch S, Raulefs S, Santiago Franco M, Buschmann D, Pfaffl MW, Schmid TE, Combs SE. The Emerging Role of miRNAs for the Radiation Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123703. [PMID: 33317198 PMCID: PMC7763922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate. Radiotherapy is one treatment option within a multimodal therapy approach for patients with locally advanced, non-resectable pancreatic tumors. However, radiotherapy is only effective in about one-third of the patients. Therefore, biomarkers that can predict the response to radiotherapy are of utmost importance. Recently, microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have come into focus as there is growing evidence that microRNAs could serve as diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers in various cancer entities, including pancreatic cancer. Moreover, their high stability in body fluids such as serum and plasma render them attractive candidates for non-invasive biomarkers. This article describes the role of microRNAs as suitable blood biomarkers and outlines an overview of radiation-induced microRNAs changes and the association with radioresistance in pancreatic cancer. Abstract Today, pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a five-year overall survival rate of less than 7%. Only 15–20% of patients are eligible for curative intent surgery at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, neoadjuvant treatment regimens have been introduced in order to downsize the tumor by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To further increase the efficacy of radiotherapy, novel molecular biomarkers are urgently needed to define the subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients who would benefit most from radiotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could have the potential to serve as novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients with pancreatic cancer. In the present article, the role of miRNAs as blood biomarkers, which are associated with either radioresistance or radiation-induced changes of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, is discussed. Furthermore, the manuscript provides own data of miRNAs identified in a pancreatic cancer mouse model as well as radiation-induced miRNA changes in the plasma of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Nguyen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Santiago Franco
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.B.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.B.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Thomas E. Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-4501
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22
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Shih PC, Mei KC. Role of STAT3 signaling transduction pathways in cancer stem cell-associated chemoresistance. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1450-1458. [PMID: 33307211 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance resulting from cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) results in inconsistent chemotherapeutic efficacy. The co-existence of CSCs and the EMT allows cancer cells to interconvert between differentiated and stem-like states, a phenomenon known as cellular plasticity. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) has been increasingly identified as a major contributor to CSCs and the EMT, as evidenced from preclinical studies that reversed chemoresistance through STAT3 pathway inhibition. In this review, we discuss mechanisms that center on STAT3 and its target genes responsible for regulating the EMT. We also highlight the current status of clinical trials using STAT3 pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Shih
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of NanoMedicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and California NanoSystems Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Chu P, Wang S, Zhu X, Yang Y, Li H, Tesfaldet T, Shopit A, Yang Y, Ma X, Peng J, Tang Z, Sun Z. Selaginellin B induces apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7127-7143. [PMID: 33312355 PMCID: PMC7724349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selaginella tamariscina (ST), a well-known traditional medicinal plant, has been used to treat various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which Selaginellin B, a natural pigment isolated and purified from ST, protects against pancreatic cells has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the biological functions of Selaginellin B were investigated using apoptosis, migration and colony formation assays in ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells. In addition, apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that Selaginellin B induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased cleaved caspase-3 level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, Selaginellin B led to a marked up-regulation of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells, respectively. Furthermore, reverse pharmacophore screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) may be a potential target for Selaginellin B. In summary, the results of the present research have demonstrated that Selaginellin B is an effective anticancer agent against PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells, and the compound holds great promise for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian, China
| | - Xinxing Zhu
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Ying Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Tsehaye Tesfaldet
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Abdullah Shopit
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
- Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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24
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Wiechmann S, Saupp E, Schilling D, Heinzlmeir S, Schneider G, Schmid RM, Combs SE, Kuster B, Dobiasch S. Radiosensitization by Kinase Inhibition Revealed by Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1649-1663. [PMID: 32651227 PMCID: PMC8014995 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and known for its extensive genetic heterogeneity, high therapeutic resistance, and strong variation in intrinsic radiosensitivity. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance, we screened the phenotypic response of 38 PDAC cell lines to ionizing radiation. Subsequent phosphoproteomic analysis of two representative sensitive and resistant lines led to the reproducible identification of 7,800 proteins and 13,000 phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Approximately 700 p-sites on 400 proteins showed abundance changes after radiation in all cell lines regardless of their phenotypic sensitivity. Apart from recapitulating known radiation response phosphorylation markers such as on proteins involved in DNA damage repair, the analysis uncovered many novel members of a radiation-responsive signaling network that was apparent only at the level of protein phosphorylation. These regulated p-sites were enriched in potential ATM substrates and in vitro kinase assays corroborated 10 of these. Comparing the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of radiosensitive and -resistant cells pointed to additional tractable radioresistance mechanisms involving apoptotic proteins. For instance, elevated NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression in radioresistant cells may aid in clearing harmful reactive oxygen species. Resistant cells also showed elevated phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in cytoskeleton organization including actin dynamics and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and one resistant cell line showed a strong migration phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition of the kinases FAK by Defactinib and of CHEK1 by Rabusertib showed a statistically significant sensitization to radiation in radioresistant PDAC cells. Together, the presented data map a comprehensive molecular network of radiation-induced signaling, improves the understanding of radioresistance and provides avenues for developing radiotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wiechmann
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Saupp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinzlmeir
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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25
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Yang PL, Liu LX, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3, the Challenge for Chemotherapeutic and Radiotherapeutic Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092459. [PMID: 32872659 PMCID: PMC7564975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is one of the most effective and extensively used strategies for cancer treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates vital biological processes, such as cell proliferation and cell growth. It is constitutively activated in various cancers and limits the application of chemoradiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and thereby impairs therapeutic efficacy by mediating its feedback loop and several target genes. The alternative splicing product STAT3β is often identified as a dominant-negative regulator, but it enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy and offers a new and challenging approach to reverse therapeutic resistance. We focus here on exploring the role of STAT3 in resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors and radiotherapy, outlining the potential of targeting STAT3 to overcome chemo(radio)resistance for improving clinical outcomes, and evaluating the importance of STAT3β as a potential therapeutic approach to overcomes chemo(radio)resistance. In this review, we discuss some new insights into the effect of STAT3 and its subtype STAT3β on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, and we explore how these insights influence clinical treatment and drug development for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.); Tel.: +86-754-88900460 (L.-Y.X.); Fax: +86-754-88900847 (L.-Y.X.)
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.); Tel.: +86-754-88900460 (L.-Y.X.); Fax: +86-754-88900847 (L.-Y.X.)
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26
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Huang BR, Liu YS, Lai SW, Lin HJ, Shen CK, Yang LY, Lu DY. CAIX Regulates GBM Motility and TAM Adhesion and Polarization through EGFR/STAT3 under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165838. [PMID: 32823915 PMCID: PMC7461579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are acid-base regulatory proteins that modulate a variety of physiological functions. Recent findings have shown that CAIX is particularly upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is associated with a poor patient outcome and survival rate. An analysis of the GSE4290 dataset of patients with gliomas showed that CAIX was highly expressed in GBM and was negatively associated with prognosis. The expression of CAIX under hypoxic conditions in GBM significantly increased in protein, mRNA, and transcriptional activity. Importantly, CAIX upregulation also regulated GBM motility, monocyte adhesion to GBM, and the polarization of tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages (TAM). Furthermore, the overexpression of CAIX was observed in intracranial GBM cells. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulated CAIX expression under hypoxic conditions by affecting the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In contrast, the knockdown of CAIX dramatically abrogated the change in GBM motility and monocyte adhesion to GBM under hypoxic conditions. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CAIX in the GBM microenvironment. Hence, novel therapeutic targets of GBM progression are possibly developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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27
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Liu Y, Yang M, Luo J, Zhou H. Radiotherapy targeting cancer stem cells "awakens" them to induce tumour relapse and metastasis in oral cancer. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:19. [PMID: 32576817 PMCID: PMC7311531 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for oral cancer. However, in the clinic, recurrence and metastasis of oral cancer occur after radiotherapy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), considered the “seeds” of cancer, have been confirmed to be in a quiescent state in most established tumours, with their innate radioresistance helping them survive more easily when exposed to radiation than differentiated cancer cells. There is increasing evidence that CSCs play an important role in recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy in many cancers. However, little is known about how oral CSCs cause tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy. In this review article, we will first summarise methods for the identification of oral CSCs and then focus on the characteristics of a CSC subpopulation induced by radiation, hereafter referred to as “awakened” CSCs, to highlight their response to radiotherapy and potential role in tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy as well as potential therapeutics targeting CSCs. In addition, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these “awakened” CSCs to solve the serious clinical challenges of recurrence and metastasis in oral cancer after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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28
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(3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(pyridin-3-methylene)-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one enhances the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104022. [PMID: 32599367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a commonly used treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. However, chemoresistance and toxic side effect limits its clinical success. In an earlier study, our laboratory found that the curcumin analogue, (3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(pyridin-3-methylene)-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one (FN2) had strong inhibitory effect on human pancreatic cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FN2 in combination with GEM on growth inhibition and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. The results showed that the combination of FN2 and GEM synergistically inhibited the growth of Panc-1 cells. Panc-1 cells survived the GEM treatment became partially resistant to the drug. Treatment with FN2 in combination with GEM strongly inhibited the growth and stimulated apoptosis in the GEM resistant Panc-1 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in the GEM resistant Panc-1 cells were associated with decreases in activation of NF-κB and Akt. FN2 in combination with GEM also decreased the level of Bcl-2 and increased the level of Bax. Results of the present study indicate that GEM in combination with FN2 may represent an effective strategy for improving the efficacy of GEM and decreasing the resistance of pancreatic cancer to GEM chemotherapy.
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29
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Jahangiri A, Dadmanesh M, Ghorban K. STAT3 inhibition reduced PD-L1 expression and enhanced antitumor immune responses. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9457-9463. [PMID: 32401358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one the most common diagnosed cancers in America and Europe. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colon cancer is associated with proliferation of the tumor cells and suppression of immune responses. STAT3 activation upregulates the transcription of many suppressor genes, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of STAT3 inhibition in a colon cancer cell line, HCT-15, and particularly in presence of samples obtained from the patients suffering from colon cancer. In this project, the expression of PD-L1 and apoptosis-related proteins were assessed following STAT3 inhibition, using FLLL32, in HCT-15 cells. To evaluate the effects of STAT3 inhibition on immune response, lymphocytes from 20 men with Stage III colon cancer and 20 healthy donors were cocultured with HCT-15 cells in presence or absence of STAT3 inhibitor. Then, T regulatory (T-reg) cell evaluation and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were performed using flowcytometry to assess the T-reg and T helper (Th) subset cytokines following STAT3 inhibition. STAT3 inhibition suppressed PD-L1 expression and induced apoptosis in HCT-15 cells. The population of T-reg cells in patients with colon cancer significantly decreased after treatment with STAT3 inhibitor. ICS revealed that STAT3 inhibition promotes Th1 protective immune responses. These findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition through either induction of apoptosis in the colon cancer cells and/or activation of efficient immune responses can lead to overcome cancer-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jahangiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Revisiting the development of small molecular inhibitors that directly target the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) domains. Life Sci 2020; 242:117241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Meng Y, Fan XY, Yang LJ, Xu BQ, He D, Xu Z, Wu D, Wang B, Cui HY, Wang SJ, Wang LJ, Wu XQ, Jiang JL, Xu L, Chen ZN, Li L. Detachment Activated CyPA/CD147 Induces Cancer Stem Cell Potential in Non-stem Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:543856. [PMID: 33195186 PMCID: PMC7640948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.543856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence, are generated from non-CSCs after chemo-radiation therapy. This study investigated the induction of CSC potential in non-stem breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms in detachment culture. METHODS Bulk breast cancer cells, or sorted non-CSCs and CSCs were cultured under an attached or detached condition to assess CSC numbers, ability to form tumor spheres, expression of stemness markers, and chemoresistance. Lentivirus carrying CD147 shRNA or cDNA was used to manipulate CD147 expression, while CD147 ligand recombinant cyclophilin A (CyPA) or its inhibitor was used to activate or inhibit CD147 signaling. RESULTS Detachment promoted anoikis resistance, chemoresistance, sphere formation, self-renewal, and expression of stemness markers in breast cancer cells. Detachment increased functional ALDH+ or CD44highCD24-/low CSCs, and induced CSC potential in ALDH- or CD44 low CD24high non-CSCs. Upon detachment, both CD147 expression and CyPA secretion were enhanced, and CyPA-CD147 activation mediated detachment induced CSC potential in non-CSCs via STAT3 signaling. Clinically, CD147 and pSTAT3 were highly co-expressed and correlated with poor overall survival and tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that detachment induces the generation of CSCs from non-stem breast cancer cells via CyPA-CD147 signaling, indicating that targeting CD147 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for lethal metastatic breast cancer by eliminating induced CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bao-Qing Xu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou, China
| | - Duo He
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shi-Jie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Zhi-Nan Chen,
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li,
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Liposome Delivery of Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTIERS 2019; 1. [PMID: 31886474 DOI: 10.20900/pf20190007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, cytokines, growth factors, and oncogenes mediate constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in both cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells. STAT3 activation in cancer cells drives tumorigenic changes that allow for increased survival, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. The modulation of immune cells is more complicated and conflicting. STAT3 signaling drives the myeloid cell phenotype towards an immune suppressive state, which mediates T cell inhibition. On the other hand, STAT3 signaling in T cells leads to proliferation and T cell activity required for an anti-tumor response. Targeted delivery of STAT3 inhibitors to cancer cells and myeloid cells could therefore improve therapeutic outcomes. Many compounds that inhibit the STAT3 pathways for cancer treatment include peptide drugs, small molecule inhibitors, and natural compounds. However, natural compounds that inhibit STAT3 are often hydrophobic, which reduces their bioavailability and leads to unfavorable pharmacokinetics. This review focuses specifically on liposome-encapsulated natural STAT3 inhibitors and their ability to target cancer cells and myeloid cells to reduce tumor growth and decrease STAT3-mediated immune suppression. Many of these liposome formulations have led to profound tumor reduction and examples of combination formulations have been shown to eliminate tumors through immune modulation.
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Skalina KA, Singh S, Chavez CG, Macian F, Guha C. Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LOFU)-mediated Acoustic Immune Priming and Ablative Radiation Therapy for in situ Tumor Vaccines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15516. [PMID: 31664044 PMCID: PMC6820551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal ablative therapies have been primarily used for local tumor ablation. However, they often fail to impact systemic disease. Here we propose the use of low intensity focused ultrasound (LOFU), a noninvasive, nontoxic, conformal therapy, to deliver acoustic stress to the tumor for immune priming. We demonstrate that LOFU significantly induces expression and cell surface localization of heat shock proteins in murine breast (4T1) and prostate adenocarcinoma (TPSA23) cancer cell lines. In vivo LOFU followed by ablative radiation therapy (RT) results in primary tumor cure, upregulation of a cytotoxic immune response and induction of immunological memory by inhibiting secondary tumor growth upon re-challenge with tumor cells. We, therefore, describe a regimen of a combination therapy with noninvasive, acoustic immune priming and ablative radiation therapy to generate an in situ tumor vaccine, induce CD8+ T cells against tumor-associated antigens and provide a viable oncologic treatment option for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Skalina
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Gutierrez Chavez
- Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Ashizawa T, Iizuka A, Maeda C, Tanaka E, Kondou R, Miyata H, Sugino T, Kawata T, Deguchi S, Mitsuya K, Hayashi N, Asai A, Ito M, Yamaguchi K, Akiyama Y. Impact of combination therapy with anti-PD-1 blockade and a STAT3 inhibitor on the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte status. Immunol Lett 2019; 216:43-50. [PMID: 31586551 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, clinical studies using anti-immune checkpoint molecule antibodies have been successful in solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancers. However, pancreatic cancers are still intractable and difficult to treat once recurrence or metastasis occurs; thus, novel combined use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with molecular targeted drugs is considered a therapeutic option. Previously, we developed a novel humanized MHC-double knockout (dKO) NOG mouse model and demonstrated that an anti-PD-1 antibody or a STAT3 inhibitor showed anti-tumor effects through an immunological mechanism. In the current study, using a humanized mouse model, we aimed to develop a combination therapy with an anti-PD-1 antibody and a STAT3 inhibitor (STX-0119) for use in vivo against pancreatic cancer. In an in vitro investigation, STX-0119 showed weak to moderate cytotoxic activity against several pancreatic cancer cell lines, which exhibited activated pSTAT3 and weak PD-L1 expression. However, unexpectedly, an in vivo study indicated that the combination of the anti-PD-1 antibody with STX-0119 remarkably reduced the anti-tumor effect and TIL numbers despite the effective anti-tumor activity against pancreatic cancer was produced individually by STX-0119 and the anti-PD-1 antibody. These results suggested that the combination of an anti-PD-1 antibody with specific signal inhibiting drugs should be carefully evaluated to avoid unexpected side effects, and such studies might contribute to the development of an effective combination regimen of ICB with cancer-targeting drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ashizawa
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Akira Iizuka
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Chie Maeda
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Ryota Kondou
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Haruo Miyata
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawata
- Division of Pathology, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Shoichi Deguchi
- Division of Neurosurgery, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Research Division, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Office of the president, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan.
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Song Z, Li J, Zhang L, Deng J, Fang Z, Xiang X, Xiong J. UCHL3 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and chemo-resistance through FOXM1 stabilization. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1970-1981. [PMID: 31598398 PMCID: PMC6780670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of deubiquitinating enzymes has been reported to be important in the development of many human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, the precise role and potential mechanism of action of the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL3 in pancreatic cancer progression and chemo-resistance, are poorly elucidated. In the current study, the consequences of UCHL3 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated via cell viability and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were also conducted to confirm the effect of UCHL3 and FOXM1 depletion on tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft models. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and in vitro deubiquitination assays were performed to investigate the interactions between UCHL3 and FOXM1. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was utilized to examine the expression of UCHL3 and FOXM1 in pancreatic cancer tissues. Our results demonstrate that UCHL3 deubiquitinated and stabilized FOXM1, thereby potentiating proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of UCHL3 increased FOXM1 ubiquitination, which enhanced FOXM1 turnover and promoted pancreatic cancer cells' sensitivity to gemcitabine. High UCHL3 expression was positively associated with FOXM1 expression level in pancreatic cancer patient samples. Collectively, our study established the UCHL3-FOXM1 axis as a pivotal driver of pancreatic cancer progression and gemcitabine resistance and provided evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting the UCHL3-FOXM1 axis for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Fan XY, He D, Sheng CB, Wang B, Wang LJ, Wu XQ, Xu L, Jiang JL, Li L, Chen ZN. Therapeutic anti-CD147 antibody sensitizes cells to chemoradiotherapy via targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3543-3554. [PMID: 31312365 PMCID: PMC6614658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that anti-CD44s H4C4 or liposomal-delivered STAT3 inhibitor FLLL32 sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to radiotherapy through the elimination or inhibition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and that HAb18G/CD147 promoted STAT3-mediated pancreatic tumor development by forming a signaling complex with CD44s. In this paper, we therefore explored whether anti-CD147 HAb18IgG sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy via the targeting of CSCs. We tested the influence of HAb18IgG on the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy by clonogenic and MTT assays and on pancreatic CSCs by colony and sphere formation assays, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and stem cell transcription factors PCR array analysis. Changes in CD147 signaling were examined by immunoblot and reporter assays. We found that HAb18IgG sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy by dose-dependently decreasing colony and sphere formation. Furthermore, HAb18IgG reduced the pancreatic CSC subpopulation and the expression of stem cell transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. Mechanistically, HAb18IgG inhibited CSCs by blocking CD44s-pSTAT3 signaling. The present findings indicated the promising therapeutic role of anti-CD147 HAb18IgG in suppressing pancreatic tumor initiation and overcoming post-chemoradiotherapy recurrence through the direct targeting of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Fan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duo He
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang-Bin Sheng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Diarylidenylpiperidones, H-4073 and HO-3867, Induce G2/M Cell-Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Inhibit STAT3 Phosphorylation in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2019; 77:109-119. [PMID: 31089934 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-019-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a 5-year survival rate below 10% and the treatment options are limited. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) is a constitutively expressed protein in human pancreatic cancers and is associated with their poor prognosis. Targeting of STAT3 signaling using novel therapeutic agents is a potential strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment. Diarylidenylpiperidone (DAP) compounds, such as H-4073 and HO-3867, have been shown to be STAT3 inhibitors in several human ovarian cancers. Particularly, HO-3867 is an N-hydroxypyrroline derivative of DAP that has targeted cytotoxicity toward cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer efficacy of H-4073 and HO-3867 in a human pancreatic cell line (AsPC-1). We found that both the compounds exhibited potential cytotoxicity to AsPC-1 cells by inducing G2/M cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell death, by mitochondrial damage and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. In summary, H-4073 and HO-3867 are cytotoxic to AsPC-1 cells and seem to act through similar mechanisms, including STAT3 inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
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Tang L, Liu JX, Zhang ZJ, Xu CZ, Zhang XN, Huang WR, Zhou DH, Wang RR, Chen XD, Xiao MB, Qu LS, Lu CH. High expression of Anxa2 and Stat3 promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and predict poor prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152386. [PMID: 30935762 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate whether the interaction between Anxa2 and Stat3 could promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that high co-expression of Anxa2 and Stat3 could predict poor prognosis in HCC patients. METHODS We investigated Anxa2 and Stat3 expression using Western blot analysis in 4 HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues and using immunohistochemistry in 100 patients' paraffin sections. Then we assessed the expression of Stat3, Anxa2 and co-expression of Stat3 and Anxa2 with relevant clinical pathological parameters and their prognostic value in HCC patients. The recurrence and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. The prognostic analysis was carried out with univariate and multivariate Cox regressions models. RESULTS The incidence of high Stat3 expression in HCC tissues (35%) was significantly higher than that in non-HCC tissues (8%) (P < 0.001). The same result was observed in Anxa2 (P < 0.001). Also, the overexpression of Stat3 or Anxa2 showed a significant relationship with the recurrence of the 100 HCC patients (P = 0.012; P = 0.003). Additionally, tumor size >3 cm in diameter, multiple tumor number, and the presence of microvascular tumor thrombus were also significantly associated with recurrence in 100 patients. Then, all enrolled patients were divided into four groups according to IHC score of Stat3 and Anxa2, and the results indicated a significant difference in recurrence time between the subgroups (P < 0.001). What's more, co-highexpression of Stat3 and Anxa2 was related to the presence of microvascular tumor thrombus (P = 0.003) and poor tumor differentiation (P < 0.001), but not relevant with other clinical features (All P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of Stat3, Anxa2, or co-high-expression of the two proteins was associated with HCC recurrence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Zi-Juan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Chen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Wei-Rong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Ming-Bing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
| | - Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, XiSi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
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Thomas NA, Abraham RG, Dedi B, Krucher NA. Targeting retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in combination with EGFR inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:527-536. [PMID: 30535494 PMCID: PMC6317693 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a particularly lethal disease that is resistant to targeted therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including erlotinib and gefitinib, which block the action of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 receptor, provide small increases in patient survival when administered with gemcitabine. The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein is an additional target in pancreatic cancer, due to its documented inactivation in PDAC. The present study, using cell number, apoptosis and immunoblotting assays, aimed to evaluate the effects of activation of the Rb tumor suppressor via dephosphorylation by small interfering RNA-mediated phosphatase activation. In the Panc1, MIAPaCa-2 and Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cell lines, and in normal H6c7 cells, the effects of phosphatase activation on Rb were revealed to be dependent on expression of the p16 tumor suppressor, which regulates Rb phosphorylation. Phosphatase activation had no effect on non-transformed pancreatic epithelial cells. When comparing kinase inhibition with phosphatase activation, it was demonstrated that kinase inhibition reduced proliferation, whereas phosphatase activation induced apoptosis. Both treatments together resulted in a greater reduction of pancreatic cancer cells than either treatment alone. In addition, the effects of combination treatment of phosphatase activation with TKIs on cell number and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) resistance pathway were determined. The combination of Rb phosphatase activation with TKIs resulted in a greater reduction in cell number compared with either treatment alone, without STAT3 pathway activation. These data suggested that targeting Rb phosphorylation by activating phosphatase may be a rational strategy to inhibit pancreatic tumor cell growth, without activation of acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi A Thomas
- Department of Biology, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Rita G Abraham
- Department of Biology, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Brixhilda Dedi
- Department of Biology, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Nancy A Krucher
- Department of Biology, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
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40
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Ma T, Chen W, Zhi X, Liu H, Zhou Y, Chen BW, Hu L, Shen J, Zheng X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Li H, Liang T. USP9X inhibition improves gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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He N, Kong Y, Lei X, Liu Y, Wang J, Xu C, Wang Y, Du L, Ji K, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu Q. MSCs inhibit tumor progression and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by down-regulating Stat3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1026. [PMID: 30297887 PMCID: PMC6175943 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of radioresistance by breast cancer cells during radiotherapy may lead to cancer recurrence and poor survival. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated in breast cancer cells and, therefore, may be an effective target for overcoming therapeutic resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated for use in cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the potential of MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in sensitizing breast cancer to radiotherapy. It was found that MSC-CM could inhibit the level of activated Stat3, suppress cancer growth, and exhibit synergetic effects with radiation treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MSC-CM reduced the ALDH-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, modulated several potential stem cell markers, and decreased tumor migration, as well as metastasis. These results demonstrate that MSC-CM suppresses breast cancer cells growth and sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy through inhibition of the Stat3 signaling pathway, thus, providing a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy by overcoming radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudan Lei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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42
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Gao J, Shao Z, Yan M, Fu T, Zhang L, Yan Y. Targeted regulationof STAT3 by miR-29a in mediating Taxol resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:641-648. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), Cancer, and Radiation Responsiveness. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8010013. [PMID: 29439394 PMCID: PMC5874614 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX has been under intensive investigation as a therapeutic target in cancer. Studies demonstrate that this enzyme has a key role in pH regulation in cancer cells, allowing these cells to adapt to the adverse conditions of the tumour microenviroment. Novel CAIX inhibitors have shown efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical cancer models, adversely affecting cell viability, tumour formation, migration, invasion, and metastatic growth when used alone. In co-treatments, CAIX inhibitors may enhance the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs or chemotherapy agents. Research suggests that these inhibitors may also increase the response of tumours to radiotherapy. Although many of the anti-tumour effects of CAIX inhibition may be dependent on its role in pH regulation, recent work has shown that CAIX interacts with several of the signalling pathways involved in the cellular response to radiation, suggesting that pH-independent mechanisms may also be an important basis of its role in tumour progression. Here, we discuss these pH-independent interactions in the context of the ability of CAIX to modulate the responsiveness of cancer to radiation.
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44
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Essential role of radiation therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2017; 194:185-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Zhang Z, Wang F, Du C, Guo H, Ma L, Liu X, Kornmann M, Tian X, Yang Y. BRM/SMARCA2 promotes the proliferation and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:213-224. [PMID: 28602977 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRM is one of two evolutionarily conserved catalytic ATPase subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and plays important role in cell proliferation, linage specification and development, cell adhesion, cytokine responses and DNA repair. BRM is often inactivated in various types of cancer indicating its indispensable roles in oncogenesis but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS BRM expression in clinical pancreatic cancer samples was examined by immunohistochemistry and the correlation with patient survival was analyzed. shRNAs targeting BRM were used to establish stable BRM knockdown BxPC-3 and T3M4 cell lines. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell proliferation was measured by EdU incorporation assay, colony formation assay and Ki67 staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. Growth and chemosensitivity of xenografts initiating from BRM-deficient cells were evaluated, and in situ apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The status of JAK-STAT3 signaling was examined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS High BRM expression was correlated with worse survival of pancreatic cancer patients. BRM shRNA reduced the proliferation and increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vivo and in vitro, and these effects are associated with the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced transcription of STAT3 target genes. CONCLUSION We reveal a novel mechanism by which BRM could activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway to promote pancreatic cancer growth and chemoresistance. These findings may offer potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer patients with excessive BRM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Stanzani E, Martínez-Soler F, Mateos TM, Vidal N, Villanueva A, Pujana MA, Serra-Musach J, de la Iglesia N, Giménez-Bonafé P, Tortosa A. Radioresistance of mesenchymal glioblastoma initiating cells correlates with patient outcome and is associated with activation of inflammatory program. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73640-73653. [PMID: 29088733 PMCID: PMC5650288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) still remains an incurable disease being radiotherapy (RT) the mainstay treatment. Glioblastoma intra-tumoral heterogeneity and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells (GICs) challenge the design of effective therapies. We investigated GICs and non-GICs response to RT in a paired in-vitro model and addressed molecular programs activated in GICs after RT. Established GICs heterogeneously expressed several GICs markers and displayed a mesenchymal signature. Upon fractionated RT, GICs reported higher radioresistance compared to non-GICs and showed lower α- and β-values, according to the Linear Quadratic Model interpretation of the survival curves. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between GICs radiosensitivity and patient disease-free survival. Transcriptome analysis of GICs after acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype reported significant activation of Proneural-to-Mesenchymal transition (PMT) and pro-inflammatory pathways, being STAT3 and IL6 the major players. Our findings support a leading role of mesenchymal GICs in defining patient response to RT and provide the grounds for targeted therapies based on the blockade of inflammatory pathways to overcome GBM radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stanzani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Martín Mateos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L., Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria de la Iglesia
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pepita Giménez-Bonafé
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Zheng R, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao P, Deng Q. miRNA-200c enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer by cell cycle arrest and targeting P21. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:517-523. [PMID: 28402920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and often suffer recurrence after radiotherapy. Downregulation of miRNA-200c is associated with radiotolerance. We aim to investigate the role of miRNA-200c in radiosensitivity and develop a systemic treatment strategy for esophageal squamous cancer. Overexpression of miRNA-200c by transfection was determined by RT-PCR. Radiosensitizing effect of miRNA-200c on esophageal squamous cancer cells was determined by clonogenic assay and xenograft model. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of Cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4, Cdc2 and P21 protein expressions were detected by western blotting. The results of our study revealed that miRNA-200c enhanced the radiosensitivity significantly in esophageal squamous cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. miRNA-200c induced G2/M and sub-G1 phase arrest and reduced S phase rate of the irradiated Eca-109 cells and downregulated expression levels of Cyclin B1, cdc2 and upregulated P21 expression level. Present results demonstrate that downregulation of miRNA-200c is associated with radiotolerance. miRNA-200c increases radiosensitivity by G2/M and sub-G1 phase arrest through modulating Cyclin B1, cdc2 and P21 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, PR China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Haining People's Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, PR China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, PR China
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48
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Vendrely V, Peuchant E, Buscail E, Moranvillier I, Rousseau B, Bedel A, Brillac A, de Verneuil H, Moreau-Gaudry F, Dabernat S. Resveratrol and capsaicin used together as food complements reduce tumor growth and rescue full efficiency of low dose gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer model. Cancer Lett 2017; 390:91-102. [PMID: 28089829 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, highly resistant to all current anti-cancer treatments, necessitates new approaches promoting cell death. We hypothesized that combined actions of several Bioactive Food Components (BFCs) might provide specific lethal effect towards tumor cells, sparing healthy cells. Human tumor pancreatic cell lines were tested in vitro for sensitivity to resveratrol, capsaicin, piceatannol, and sulforaphane cytotoxic effects. Combination of two or three components showed striking synergetic effect with gemcitabine in vitro. Each BFC used alone did not affect pancreatic tumor growth in a preclinical in vivo model, whereas couples of BFCs had anti-tumor activity. In addition, tumor toxicity was similar using gemcitabine alone or a combination of BFCs and two thirds of gemcitabine dose. Moreover, BFCs enhanced fibrotic response as compared to gemcitabine treatment alone. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis increases were observed, while cell cycle was very mildly affected. This study raises the possibility to use BFCs as beneficial food complements in the therapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, especially for patients unable to receive full doses of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyne Peuchant
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Bedel
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélia Brillac
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert de Verneuil
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moreau-Gaudry
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dabernat
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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49
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Ram R, Brasch HD, Dunne JC, Davis PF, Tan ST, Itinteang T. The Identification of Three Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations within Moderately Differentiated Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Surg 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 28321397 PMCID: PMC5337496 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify and characterize cancer stem cells (CSCs) in moderately differentiated lip squamous cell carcinoma (MDLSCC). Method MDLSCC samples underwent 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for squamous cell carcinoma marker EMA, CSC marker CD44 and embryonic stem cell markers NANOG, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Immunofluorescent IHC staining was performed on two MDLSCC samples. Western blotting (WB) was used to confirm the expression of the aforementioned proteins and their transcription activation was investigated using NanoString and RT-qPCR. Results IHC staining demonstrated the presence of (1) an EMA+/CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4− CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests (TNs); (2) a CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4− CSC subpopulation; and (3) a CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4+ CSC subpopulation within the stroma, between the TNs. NanoString and RT-qPCR confirmed the presence of mRNA for CD44, SALL4, STAT3, SOX2, and OCT4, and WB confirmed the presence of NANOG, pSTAT3, SOX2, and OCT4. Conclusion This study demonstrates three putative CSC subpopulations within MDLSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Ram
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Helen D Brasch
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | | | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
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50
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Lee SY, Jeong EK, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Kim MY, Kim CH, Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS. Induction of metastasis, cancer stem cell phenotype, and oncogenic metabolism in cancer cells by ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28137309 PMCID: PMC5282724 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major tools of cancer treatment, and is widely used for a variety of malignant tumours. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage directly by ionization or indirectly via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby destroying cancer cells. However, ionizing radiation (IR) paradoxically promotes metastasis and invasion of cancer cells by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Metastasis is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy, and is closely linked to the rates of morbidity and mortality of many cancers. ROS have been shown to play important roles in mediating the biological effects of IR. ROS have been implicated in IR-induced EMT, via activation of several EMT transcription factors—including Snail, HIF-1, ZEB1, and STAT3—that are activated by signalling pathways, including those of TGF-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, G-CSF, EGFR/PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Cancer cells that undergo EMT have been shown to acquire stemness and undergo metabolic changes, although these points are debated. IR is known to induce cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including dedifferentiation and self-renewal, and to promote oncogenic metabolism by activating these EMT-inducing pathways. Much accumulated evidence has shown that metabolic alterations in cancer cells are closely associated with the EMT and CSC phenotypes; specifically, the IR-induced oncogenic metabolism seems to be required for acquisition of the EMT and CSC phenotypes. IR can also elicit various changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) that may affect invasion and metastasis. EMT, CSC, and oncogenic metabolism are involved in radioresistance; targeting them may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, preventing tumour recurrence and metastasis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanisms of IR-induced EMT, CSCs, oncogenic metabolism, and alterations in the TME. We discuss how IR-induced EMT/CSC/oncogenic metabolism may promote resistance to radiotherapy; we also review efforts to develop therapeutic approaches to eliminate these IR-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Eui Kyong Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Pusan, 619-953, Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.,DNA Identification Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul, 158-707, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Park
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- The Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
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