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Lai MY, Li J, Zhang XX, Wu W, Li ZP, Sun ZX, Zhao MY, Yang DM, Wang DD, Li W, Zhao DM, Zhou XM, Yang LF. SARM1 participates in axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction in prion disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2293-2299. [PMID: 35259852 PMCID: PMC9083142 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.337051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion disease represents a group of fatal neurogenerative diseases in humans and animals that are associated with energy loss, axonal degeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Axonal degeneration is an early hallmark of neurodegeneration and is triggered by SARM1. We found that depletion or dysfunctional mutation of SARM1 protected against NAD+ loss, axonal degeneration, and mitochondrial functional disorder induced by the neurotoxic peptide PrP106-126. NAD+ supplementation rescued prion-triggered axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction and SARM1 overexpression suppressed this protective effect. NAD+ supplementation in PrP106-126-incubated N2a cells, SARM1 depletion, and SARM1 dysfunctional mutation each blocked neuronal apoptosis and increased cell survival. Our results indicate that the axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by PrP106-126 are partially dependent on SARM1 NADase activity. This pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in the early stages of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Lai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zhang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Sun
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yang Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Ming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Feng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Rocchi A, Carminati E, De Fusco A, Kowalska JA, Floss T, Benfenati F. REST/NRSF deficiency impairs autophagy and leads to cellular senescence in neurons. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13471. [PMID: 34520100 PMCID: PMC8520714 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, brain performances decline. Cellular senescence is one of the aging drivers and a key feature of a variety of human age‐related disorders. The transcriptional repressor RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) has been associated with aging and higher risk of neurodegenerative disorders. However, how REST contributes to the senescence program and functional impairment remains largely unknown. Here, we report that REST is essential to prevent the senescence phenotype in primary mouse neurons. REST deficiency causes failure of autophagy and loss of proteostasis, increased oxidative stress, and higher rate of cell death. Re‐establishment of autophagy reverses the main hallmarks of senescence. Our data indicate that REST has a protective role in physiological aging by regulating the autophagic flux and the senescence program in neurons, with implications for neurological disorders associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy
| | - Emanuele Carminati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Antonio De Fusco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy
| | | | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy
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Soga T, Nakajima S, Kawaguchi M, Parhar IS. Repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor /neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) in social stress and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110053. [PMID: 32739332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extreme stress is closely linked with symptoms of depression. Chronic social stress can cause structural and functional changes in the brain. These changes are associated with dysfunction of neuroprotective signalling that is necessary for cell survival, growth, and maturation. Reduced neuronal numbers and volume of brain regions have been found in depressed patients, which may be caused by decreased cell survival and increased cell death. Elucidating the mechanism underlying the degeneration of the neuroprotective system in social stress-induced depression is important for developing neuroprotective measures. The Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) also known as Neuron-Restrictive Silencing Factor (NRSF) has been reported as a neuroprotective molecule in certain neurological disorders. Decreased expression levels of REST/NRSF in the nucleus can induce death-related gene expression, leading to neuronal death. Under physiological stress conditions, REST/NRSF over expression is known to activate neuronal survival in the brain. Alterations in REST/NRSF expression in the brain has been reported in stressed animal models and in the post-mortem brain of patients with depression. Here, we highlight the neuroprotective function of REST/NRSF and discuss dysregulation of REST/NRSF and neuronal damage during social stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Maiko Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, PJ, 47500, Malaysia.
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More than a Corepressor: The Role of CoREST Proteins in Neurodevelopment. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0337-19.2020. [PMID: 32075869 PMCID: PMC7070449 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0337-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing normal neurodevelopment are tightly regulated by the action of transcription factors. Repressor element 1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST) is widely documented as a regulator of neurogenesis that acts by recruiting corepressor proteins and repressing neuronal gene expression in non-neuronal cells. The REST corepressor 1 (CoREST1), CoREST2, and CoREST3 are best described for their role as part of the REST complex. However, recent evidence has shown the proteins have the ability to repress expression of distinct target genes in a REST-independent manner. These findings indicate that each CoREST paralogue may have distinct and critical roles in regulating neurodevelopment and are more than simply “REST corepressors,” whereby they act as independent repressors orchestrating biological processes during neurodevelopment.
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Riitano G, Manganelli V, Capozzi A, Mattei V, Recalchi S, Martellucci S, Longo A, Misasi R, Garofalo T, Sorice M. LRP6 mediated signal transduction pathway triggered by tissue plasminogen activator acts through lipid rafts in neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:315-323. [PMID: 32062833 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LDL receptor-related proteins 6 (LRP6) is a type I transmembrane receptor (C-terminus in cytosol), which appears to be essential in numerous biological processes, since it is an essential co-receptor of Wnt ligands for canonical β-catenin dependent signal transduction. It was shown that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), physically interacting with LRP6, induces protein phosphorylation, which may have large implication in the regulation of neural processes. In this investigation we analyzed whether LRP6 is associated with lipid rafts following tPA triggering in neuroblastoma cells and the role of raft integrity in LRP6 cell signaling. Sucrose gradient separation revealed that phosphorylated LRP6 was mainly, but not exclusively present in lipid rafts; this enrichment became more evident after triggering with tPA. In these microdomains LRP6 is strictly associated with ganglioside GM1, a paradigmatic component of these plasma membrane compartments, as revealed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. As expected, tPA triggering induced LRP6 phosphorylation, which was independent of LRP1, as revealed by knockdown experiments by siRNA, but strictly dependent on raft integrity. Moreover, tPA induced β-catenin phosphorylation was also significantly prevented by previous pretreatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Our results demonstrate that LRP6 mediated signal transduction pathway triggered by tPA acts through lipid rafts in neuroblastoma cells. These findings introduce an additional task for identifying new molecular target(s) of pharmacological agents. Indeed, these data, pointing to the key role of lipid rafts in tPA triggered signaling involving β-catenin, may have pharmacological implications, suggesting that cyclodextrins, and potentially other drugs, such as statins, may represent an useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti, Italy
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti, Italy
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Zhu NW, Yin XL, Lin R, Fan XL, Chen SJ, Zhu YM, Zhao XZ. Possible mechanisms of lycopene amelioration of learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:332-341. [PMID: 31552907 PMCID: PMC6905346 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Studies have shown that lycopene can significantly inhibit oxidative stress; therefore, we hypothesized that lycopene can reduce the level of oxidative stress in vascular dementia. A vascular dementia model was established by permanent bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. The dosage groups were treated with lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) every other day for 2 months. Rats without bilateral carotid artery ligation were prepared as a sham group. To test the ability of learning and memory, the Morris water maze was used to detect the average escape latency and the change of search strategy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe changes of hippocampal neurons. The levels of oxidative stress factors, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, were measured in the hippocampus by biochemical detection. The levels of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus were observed by dihydroethidium staining. The distribution and expression of oxidative stress related protein, neuron-restrictive silencer factor, in hippocampal neurons were detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry and western blot assays. After 2 months of drug administration, (1) in the model group, the average escape latency was longer than that of the sham group, and the proportion of straight and tend tactics was lower than that of the sham group, and the hippocampal neurons were irregularly arranged and the cytoplasm was hyperchromatic. (2) The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of the model group rats were increased, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased. (3) Lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) intervention improved the above changes, and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group showed the most significant improvement effect. (4) Neuron-restrictive silencer factor expression in the hippocampus was lower in the sham group and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group than in the model group. (5) The above data indicate that lycopene 100 mg/kg could protect against the learning-memory ability impairment of vascular dementia rats. The protective mechanism was achieved by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hippocampus. The experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University, China (approval No. 2014-025) in June 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Wei Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province; Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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7
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Wu W, Zhao D, Shah SZA, Zhang X, Lai M, Yang D, Wu X, Guan Z, Li J, Zhao H, Li W, Gao H, Zhou X, Qiao J, Yang L. OPA1 overexpression ameliorates mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis in prion diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:710. [PMID: 31551424 PMCID: PMC6760175 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases caused by the cellular prion protein (PrPC) conversion into a misfolded isoform (PrPSc) are associated with multiple mitochondrial damages. We previously reported mitochondrial dynamic abnormalities and cell death in prion diseases via modulation of a variety of factors. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is one of the factors that control mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, bioenergetics, and cristae integrity. In this study, we observed downregulation of OPA1 in prion disease models in vitro and in vivo, mitochondria structure damage and dysfunction, loss of mtDNA, and neuronal apoptosis. Similar mitochondria findings were seen in OPA1-silenced un-infected primary neurons. Overexpression of OPA1 not only alleviated prion-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation and mtDNA loss, decrease in intracellular ATP, increase in ADP/ATP ratio, and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential but also protected neurons from apoptosis by suppressing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of the apoptotic factor, caspase 3. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of OPA1 alleviates prion-associated mitochondrial network fragmentation and cristae remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA depletion, and neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that OPA1 may be a novel and effective therapeutic target for prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Guan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huafen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Mampay M, Sheridan GK. REST: An epigenetic regulator of neuronal stress responses in the young and ageing brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 53:100744. [PMID: 31004616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor REST (Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription factor) is a key modulator of the neuronal epigenome and targets genes involved in neuronal differentiation, axonal growth, vesicular transport, ion channel conductance and synaptic plasticity. Whilst its gene expression-modifying properties have been examined extensively in neuronal development, REST's response towards stress-induced neuronal insults has only recently been explored. Overall, REST appears to be an ideal candidate to fine-tune neuronal gene expression following different forms of cellular, neuropathological, psychological and physical stressors. Upregulation of REST is reportedly protective against premature neural stem cell depletion, neuronal hyperexcitability, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine system dysfunction and neuropathology. In contrast, neuronal REST activation has also been linked to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Here, we highlight key findings and discrepancies surrounding our current understanding of REST's function in neuronal adaptation to stress and explore its potential role in neuronal stress resilience in the young and ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Mampay
- Neuroimmunology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- Neuroimmunology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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9
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Barros L, Eichwald T, Solano AF, Scheffer D, da Silva RA, Gaspar JM, Latini A. Epigenetic modifications induced by exercise: Drug-free intervention to improve cognitive deficits associated with obesity. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:309-323. [PMID: 30876771 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are increasing worldwide and are associated with brain atrophy and dysfunction, which are risk factors for late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that changes in lifestyle, including the frequent practice of physical exercise are able to prevent and treat not only obesity/metabolic disorders, but also to improve cognitive function and dementia. Several biochemical pathways and epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to understand the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition. This manuscript revised central ongoing research on epigenetic mechanisms induced by exercise and the beneficial effects on obesity-associated cognitive decline, highlighting potential mechanistic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Barros
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tuany Eichwald
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Scheffer
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
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10
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Taglialatela G, Hussain T, Dong H, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Wu W, Lai M, Zhang X, Duan Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Yang L. Combinatory FK506 and Minocycline Treatment Alleviates Prion-Induced Neurodegenerative Events via Caspase-Mediated MAPK-NRF2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051144. [PMID: 30845718 PMCID: PMC6429086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a significant role during the symptomatic onset and progression of prion diseases. We previously showed the immunomodulatory and nuclear factor of activated T cells’ (NFAT) suppressive effects of an immunosuppressant, FK506, in the symptomatic stage and an antibiotic, minocycline, in the pre-symptomatic stage of prion infection in hamsters. Here we used for the first time, a combinatory FK506+minocycline treatment to test its transcriptional modulating effects in the symptomatic stage of prion infection. Our results indicate that prolonged treatment with FK506+minocycline was effective in alleviating astrogliosis and neuronal death triggered by misfolded prions. Specifically, the combinatory therapy with FK506+minocycline lowered the expression of the astrocytes activation marker GFAP and of the microglial activation marker IBA-1, subsequently reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-27. We further found that FK506+minocycline treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylation, NF-kB nuclear translocation, caspase expression, and enhanced phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated Bcl2-associated death promoter (pBAD) levels to reduce cognitive impairment and apoptosis. Interestingly, FK506+minocycline reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and promoted nuclear factor–erythroid2-related factor-2 (NRF2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway to enhance survival. Taken together, our results show that a therapeutic cocktail of FK506+minocycline is an attractive candidate for prolonged use in prion diseases and we encourage its further clinical development as a possible treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, TX 77555-1044, USA.
| | - Tariq Hussain
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haodi Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Naveed Sabir
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mengyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuhan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Shi Y, Li Q, Shao Z. Wnts Promote Synaptic Assembly Through T-Cell Specific Transcription Factors in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:194. [PMID: 29962933 PMCID: PMC6013564 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are specialized neuronal connections essential for neuronal function. Defects in synaptic assembly or maintenance usually lead to various neurological disorders. Synaptic assembly is regulated by secreted molecules such as Wnts. Wnts are a large family of conserved glycosylated signaling molecules involved in many aspects of neural development and maintenance. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Wnts regulate synaptic assembly remain elusive due to the large number of ligands/receptors, the diversity of signaling cascades and the complexity of the nervous system. In this study, through genetic manipulation, we uncover that C. elegans Wnt-2 (CWN-2) is required for synaptic development. The CWN-2 signal is required during both embryonic and postembryonic development, in the nervous system and intestine, for promoting synaptic assembly. Furthermore, we provide genetic evidence for CWN-2 promoting synaptogenesis through the Frizzled receptor (FZD) CFZ-2, the Dishevelled (DVL) DSH-2, the β-catenin SYS-1 and the only T-cell specific transcription factor POP-1/TCF. Importantly, it is the first time to report the requirement of a TCF for presynaptic assembly. These findings expand our understanding of the synaptogenic mechanisms and may provide therapeutic insights into Wnt-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Shi
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Remor AP, da Silva RA, de Matos FJ, Glaser V, de Paula Martins R, Ghisoni K, da Luz Scheffer D, Andia DC, Portinho D, de Souza AP, de Oliveira PA, Prediger RD, Torres AI, Linhares RMM, Walz R, Ronsoni MF, Hohl A, Rafacho A, Aguiar AS, De Paul AL, Latini A. Chronic Metabolic Derangement-Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurotoxicity Are Associated with REST Inactivation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1539-1557. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Yang L. Regulation of MicroRNAs-Mediated Autophagic Flux: A New Regulatory Avenue for Neurodegenerative Diseases With Focus on Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:139. [PMID: 29867448 PMCID: PMC5962651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurological disorders affecting various mammalian species including humans. Lack of proper diagnostic tools and non-availability of therapeutic remedies are hindering the control strategies for prion diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant endogenous short non-coding essential RNA molecules that negatively regulate the target genes after transcription. Several biological processes depend on miRNAs, and altered profiles of these miRNAs are potential biomarkers for various neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases. Autophagic flux degrades the misfolded prion proteins to reduce chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance cell survival. Recent evidence suggests that specific miRNAs target and regulate the autophagic mechanism, which is critical for alleviating cellular stress. miRNAs-mediated regulation of these specific proteins involved in the autophagy represents a new target with highly significant therapeutic prospects. Here, we will briefly describe the biology of miRNAs, the use of miRNAs as potential biomarkers with their credibility, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and prion diseases, degradation pathways for aggregated prion proteins, the role of autophagy in prion diseases. Finally, we will discuss the miRNAs-modulated autophagic flux in neurodegenerative diseases and employ them as potential therapeutic intervention strategy in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Song Z, Yang W, Cheng G, Zhou X, Yang L, Zhao D. Prion protein is essential for the RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST)-dependent developmental switch in synaptic NMDA receptors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:541. [PMID: 29748616 PMCID: PMC5945644 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is important that the correct amounts of GluN2 subunits are maintained, as they determine NMDAR functional properties, which are crucial to neuronal communication, synaptogenesis and cognitive function. The transcriptional repressor RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is critical for the postnatal developmental switch in NMDARs. However, the mechanisms triggering REST and the link between NMDARs and REST are unclear. Here we show a new physiological essential role for cellular prion protein (PrPC) in REST-dependent homeostasis and the developmental switch of NMDARs. REST and REST-associated proteins were overactivated in the hippocampi of Prnp knockout mice (Prnp 0/0 ) compared with wild-type Prnp (Prnp +/+ ) mice. This coincided with the disruption of the normal developmental switch from GluN2B-to-GluN2A in vivo. PrPC co-located with REST under physiological environments and mediated the translocation of REST in conditioners of NMDARs in vitro in Prnp +/+ hippocampal neurons. Regardless of whether REST was knocked down or overexpressed, deletion of PrPC not only disrupted REST-mediated distribution of mitochondria, but also prevented REST-regulated expression of GluN2B and GluN2A in Prnp 0/0 . Importantly, these effects were rescued after overexpression of full-length PrPC through restoration of NMDAR2 subunits and their distributions in dendritic processes in Prnp 0/0 . Consistently, knockdown of PrPC in Prnp +/+ had a similar effect on Prnp 0/0 . Furthermore, PrPC colocalized with both GluN2B and GluN2A in Prnp +/+ . For the first time, we demonstrate that PrPC is essential for REST-regulated NMDARs. Confirming the regulation of NMDAR-modulating mechanisms could provide novel therapeutic targets against dysfunctions of glutamatergic transmission in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Song
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- Hebei Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Guangyu Cheng
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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15
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Yang L. Role of the AMPK pathway in promoting autophagic flux via modulating mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases: Insight into prion diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:51-63. [PMID: 28903070 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly energy demanding cells dependent on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Mitochondria generate energy via respiratory complexes that constitute the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate depletion or glucose starvation act as a trigger for the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays an important role in cell survival and organismal longevity through modulation of energy homeostasis and autophagy. Several studies suggest that AMPK activation may improve energy metabolism and protein clearance in the brains of patients with vascular injury or neurodegenerative disease. Mild mitochondrial dysfunction leads to activated AMPK signaling, but severe endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to a shift from autophagy towards apoptosis and perturbed AMPK signaling. Hence, controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux via AMPK activation might be a useful therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases to reinstate energy homeostasis and degrade misfolded proteins. In this review article, we discuss briefly the role of AMPK signaling in energy homeostasis, the structure of AMPK, activation mechanisms of AMPK, regulation of AMPK, the role of AMPK in autophagy, the role of AMPK in neurodegenerative diseases, and finally the role of autophagic flux in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Song Z, Yang W, Zhou X, Yang L, Zhao D. Lithium alleviates neurotoxic prion peptide-induced synaptic damage and neuronal death partially by the upregulation of nuclear target REST and the restoration of Wnt signaling. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:332-348. [PMID: 28545972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of infectious neurodegenerative diseases characterized by multiple neuropathological hallmarks, including accumulation of PrPSc, synaptic damage, and neuronal death. We previously reported that the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a novel neuroprotective marker in neurodegeneration, protects neurons against neurotoxic peptide (PrP106-126)-induced neurotoxicity, but fails to maintain survival following prolonged exposure to PrP106-126. Because Wnt signaling partially induces REST and is activated by lithium, we investigated the effects of lithium on REST in prion diseases. Lithium restores nuclear expression of REST, which is essential for regulating survival proteins. Lithium also mimics neuroprotective functions when REST is blocked, and these beneficial effects are additive with REST overexpression under physiological conditions. Reciprocally, under PrP106-126-stimulated pathological conditions, REST plays a critical role in the neuroprotective mechanisms of lithium treatment. Although lithium recovers Wnt signaling by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β and stabilizing β-catenin, restores survival associated proteins after exposure to PrP106-126 in primary cortical neurons. Knockdown of REST significantly suppresses the neuroprotective function of lithium. Conversely, overexpression of REST partially recovers its actions. Notably, lithium directly alleviates PrP106-126-induced synaptic damage and neuronal cell death by preventing changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic marker proteins and promoting survival pathways also partially via the expression of REST. Our results suggest that REST acts as a novel and important nuclear target for lithium. We hypothesize that PrP106-126-stimulated neurotoxicity induces Wnt signaling dysfunction and lithium mimics this signaling cascade, suggesting that lithium should be considered as a potential therapeutic agent against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Song
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Song Z, Shah SZA, Yang W, Dong H, Yang L, Zhou X, Zhao D. Downregulation of the Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Is Associated with Akt-mTOR and Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling in Prion Diseases Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:128. [PMID: 28515679 PMCID: PMC5413570 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of infectious diseases characterized by multiple neuropathological changes, yet the mechanisms that preserve function and protect against prion-associated neurodegeneration are still unclear. We previously reported that the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) alleviates neurotoxic prion peptide (PrP106-126)-induced toxicity in primary neurons. Here we confirmed the findings of the in vitro model in 263K infected hamsters, an in vivo model of prion diseases and further showed the relationships between REST and related signaling pathways. REST was depleted from the nucleus in prion infected brains and taken up by autophagosomes in the cytoplasm, co-localizing with LC3-II. Importantly, downregulation of the Akt–mTOR and at least partially inactivation of LRP6-Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways correlated with the decreased levels of REST in vivo in the brain of 263K-infected hamsters and in vitro in PrP106-126-treated primary neurons. Overexpression of REST in primary cortical neurons alleviated PrP106-126 peptide-induced neuronal oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and partly inhibition of the LRP6-Wnt-β-catenin and Akt–mTOR signaling. Based on our findings, a model of REST-mediated neuroprotection in prion infected animals is proposed, with Akt–mTOR and Wnt-β-catenin signaling as the key pathways. REST-mediated neuronal survival signaling could be explored as a viable therapeutic target for prion diseases and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Song
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Syed Z A Shah
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Haodi Dong
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- The State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Yang L. The Role of Unfolded Protein Response and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Focus on Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:120. [PMID: 28507517 PMCID: PMC5410568 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by the accumulation of a protease-resistant form of the cellular prion protein named prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) in the brain. PrPSc accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) result in a dysregulated calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and subsequent initiation of unfolded protein response (UPR) leading to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms for the transition between adaptation to ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis are still unclear. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that rule the signaling of many extracellular stimuli from plasma membrane to the nucleus. However the identification of numerous points of cross talk between the UPR and MAPK signaling pathways may contribute to our understanding of the consequences of ER stress in prion diseases. Indeed the MAPK signaling network is known to regulate cell cycle progression and cell survival or death responses following a variety of stresses including misfolded protein response stress. In this article, we review the UPR signaling in prion diseases and discuss the triad of MAPK signaling pathways. We also describe the role played by MAPK signaling cascades in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We will also overview the mechanisms of cell death and the role of MAPK signaling in prion disease progression and highlight potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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19
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Taglialatela G, Khan SH, Hussain T, Dong H, Lai M, Zhou X, Yang L. Early Minocycline and Late FK506 Treatment Improves Survival and Alleviates Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Behavioral Deficits in Prion-Infected Hamsters. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:463-483. [PMID: 28083805 PMCID: PMC5398981 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by initial reactive gliosis followed by overt neuronal death. Gliosis is likely to be caused initially by the deposition of misfolded, proteinase K-resistant, isoforms (termed PrPSc) of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) in the brain. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by PrPSc-activated glia and stressed neurons may also contribute directly or indirectly to the disease development by enhancing gliosis and inducing neurotoxicity. Recent studies have illustrated that early neuroinflammation activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the calcineurin signaling cascade, resulting in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) to promote apoptosis. Hence, useful therapeutic approaches to slow down the course of prion disease development should control early inflammatory responses to suppress NFAT signaling. Here we used a hamster model of prion diseases to test, for the first time, the neuroprotective and NFAT-suppressive effect of a second-generation semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, minocycline, versus a calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, with known NFAT suppressive activity. Our results indicate that prolonged treatment with minocycline, starting from the presymptomatic stage of prion disease was more effective than FK506 given either during the presymptomatic or symptomatic stage of prion disease. Specifically, minocycline treatment reduced the expression of the astrocyte activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and of the microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, subsequently reducing the level of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. We further found that minocycline and FK506 treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in a caspase-dependent manner, and enhanced phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein and phosphorylated Bcl2-associated death promoter levels to reduce cognitive impairment and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that minocycline is a better choice for prolonged use in prion diseases and encourage its further clinical development as a possible treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-1044, USA
| | - Sher Hayat Khan
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haodi Dong
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Lai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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20
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Yang W, Yang LF, Song ZQ, Shah SZA, Cui YY, Li CS, Zhao HF, Gao HL, Zhou XM, Zhao DM. PRAS40 alleviates neurotoxic prion peptide-induced apoptosis via mTOR-AKT signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:416-427. [PMID: 28294542 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) protein is a direct inhibitor of mTORC1 and an interactive linker between the Akt and mTOR pathways. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered to be a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Several investigations have demonstrated that abnormal mTOR activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and lead to cognitive deficits. METHODS Here, we used the PrP peptide 106-126 (PrP106-126 ) in a cell model of prion diseases (also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSEs) to investigate the mechanisms of mTOR-mediated cell death in prion diseases. RESULTS We have shown that, upon stress caused by PrP106-126 , the mTOR pathway activates and contributes to cellular apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that PRAS40 down-regulates mTOR hyperactivity under stress conditions and alleviates neurotoxic prion peptide-induced apoptosis. The effect of PRAS40 on apoptosis is likely due to an mTOR/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION PRAS40 inhibits mTORC1 hyperactivation and plays a key role in protecting cells against neurotoxic prion peptide-induced apoptosis. Thus, PRAS40 is a potential therapeutic target for prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Hebei Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Feng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Song
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yong Cui
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Si Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Fen Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Ming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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