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Chen CH, Tien N, Yao CH, Chen SJ, Bau DT, Pandey S, Yang HL, Hseu YC, Chen SS, Lin ML. Naringin Induces ROS-Stimulated G 1 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39056589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Naringin, a bioflavonoid compound from grapefruit or citrus, exerts anticancer activities on cervical, thyroid, colon, brain, liver, lung, thyroid, and breast cancers. The present investigation addressed exploring the anticancer effects of naringin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Naringin exhibits a cytotoxic effect on NPC-TW 039 and NPC-TW 076 cells with IC50 372/328 and 394/307 μM for 24 or 48 h, respectively, while causing little toxicity toward normal gingival epithelial (SG) cells (>500/500 μM). We established that naringin triggered G1 arrest is achieved by suppressing cyclin D1, cyclin A, and CDK2, and upregulating p21 protein in NPC cells. Exposure of NPC cells to naringin caused a series of events leading to apoptosis including morphology change (cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing) and chromatin condensation. Annexin V and PI staining indicated that naringin treatment promotes necrosis and late apoptosis in NPC cells. DiOC6 staining showed a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential by naringin treatment, which was followed with cytochrome c release, Apaf-1/caspase-9/-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and EndoG expression in NPC cells. Naringin upregulated proapoptotic Bax and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-xL expression, and dysregulated Bax/Bcl-xL ratio in NPC cells. Notably, naringin enhanced death receptor-related t-Bid expression. Furthermore, an increased Ca2+ release by naringin treatment which instigated endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis through increased IRE1, ATF-6, GRP78, GADD153, and caspase-12 expression in NPC cells. In addition, naringin triggers ROS production, and inhibition of naringin-induced ROS generation by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine resulted in the prevention of G1 arrest and apoptosis in NPC cells. Naringin-induced ROS-mediated G1 arrest and mitochondrial-, death receptor-, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis may be a promising strategy for treating NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Images and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yang HL, Chang CW, Vadivalagan C, Pandey S, Chen SJ, Lee CC, Hseu JH, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0 inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome, metastasis/EMT, and Warburg effect by suppressing hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression in HNSCC cells. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2790-2813. [PMID: 38904007 PMCID: PMC11186366 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a quinone derivative from Antrodia camphorata, has antitumor capabilities. This study investigated the antitumor effect of noncytotoxic CoQ0, which included NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, anti-EMT/metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming via HIF-1α inhibition, in HNSCC cells under normoxia and hypoxia. CoQ0 suppressed hypoxia-induced ROS-mediated HIF-1α expression in OECM-1 and SAS cells. Under normoxia and hypoxia, the inflammatory NLRP3, ASC/caspase-1, NFκB, and IL-1β expression was reduced by CoQ0. CoQ0 reduced migration/invasion by enhancing epithelial marker E-cadherin and suppressing mesenchymal markers Twist, N-cadherin, Snail, and MMP-9, and MMP-2 expression. CoQ0 inhibited glucose uptake, lactate accumulation, GLUT1 levels, and HIF-1α-target gene (HK-2, PFK-1, and LDH-A) expressions that are involved in aerobic glycolysis. Notably, CoQ0 reduced ECAR as well as glycolysis, glycolytic capability, and glycolytic reserve and enhanced OCR, basal respiration, ATP generation, maximal respiration, and spare capacity in OECM-1 cells. Metabolomic analysis using LC-ESI-MS showed that CoQ0 treatment decreased the levels of glycolytic intermediates, including lactate, 2/3-phosphoglycerate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and phosphoenolpyruvate, and increased the levels of TCA cycle metabolites, including citrate, isocitrate, and succinate. HIF-1α silencing reversed CoQ0-mediated anti-metastasis (N-Cadherin, Snail, and MMP-9) and metabolic reprogramming (GLUT1, HK-2, and PKM-2) under hypoxia. CoQ0 prevents cancer stem-like characteristics (upregulated CD24 expression and downregulated CD44, ALDH1, and OCT4) under normoxia and/or hypoxia. Further, in IL-6-treated SG cells, CoQ0 attenuated fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β and Collagen I expression and suppressed EMT by downregulating Slug and upregulating E-cadherin expression. Interesting, CoQ0 inhibited the growth of OECM-1 tumors in xenografted mice. Our results advocate CoQ0 for the therapeutic application against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hsuan Hseu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
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3
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Yang HL, Chiu LW, Lin YA, Pandey S, Vadivalagan C, Liao JW, Gowrisankar YV, Chen HJ, Lin HY, Hseu YC. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of Coenzyme Q 0 against TWIST1-overexpressing HNSCC cells: ROS-mediated inhibition of EMT/metastasis and autophagy/apoptosis induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116453. [PMID: 36914119 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
HNSCC (Head and Heck Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a reasonably prevalent cancer with a high mortality rate. In this study, we tried to examine the anti-metastasis and apoptosis/autophagy actions of Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a derivative of Antrodia camphorata in HNCC TWIST1 overexpressing (FaDu-TWIST1) cells as well as in vivo tumor xenograft mice model. Using fluorescence based cellular assays, western blot and nude mice tumor xenografts, we determined that CoQ0 effectively reduced cell viability and displayed rapid morphological changes in FaDu-TWIST1 cells compared to FaDu cells. Non/sub-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ0 treatment reduces the cell migration by downregulating TWIST1 and upregulating E-cadherin. Apoptosis produced by CoQ0 was mostly related with caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and VDAC-1 expression. The FaDu-TWIST1 cells treated with CoQ0 exhibits autophagy-mediated LC3-II accumulation and acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) formation. Pre-treatment with 3-MA and CoQ effectively prevented CoQ0-induced cell death and CoQ0-triggered autophagy in FaDu-TWIST cells as a death mechanism. CoQ0 induces ROS production in FaDu-TWIST1 cells and NAC pre-treatment significantly reduces anti-metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Likewise, ROS-mediated AKT inhibition regulates CoQ0-induced apoptosis/autophagy in FaDu-TWIST1 cells. In vivo studies exhibit, CoQ0 effectively delays and reduces the tumor incidence and burden in FaDu-TWIST1-xenografted nude mice. Current findings display, CoQ0 exhibits a novel anti-cancer mechanism hence, it might be appropriate for anticancer therapy, and a new potent drug for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chiu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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4
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Yang HL, Lin PY, Vadivalagan C, Lin YA, Lin KY, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0 defeats NLRP3-mediated inflammation, EMT/metastasis, and Warburg effects by inhibiting HIF-1α expression in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1047-1068. [PMID: 36847822 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a derivative quinone from Antrodia camphorata (AC) that exerts anticancer activities. This study examined the anticancer attributes of CoQ0 (0-4 µM) on inhibited anti-EMT/metastasis and NLRP3 inflammasome, and altered Warburg effects via HIF-1α inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and 468) cells. MTT assay, cell migration/invasion assays, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, metabolic reprogramming, and LC-ESI-MS were carried out to assess the therapy potential of CoQ0. CoQ0 inhibited HIF-1α expression and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and ASC/caspase-1 expression, followed by downregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 expression in MDA-MB-231 and 468 cells. CoQ0 ameliorated cancer stem-like markers by decreasing CD44 and increasing CD24 expression. Notably, CoQ0 modulated EMT by upregulating the epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulating the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin. CoQ0 inhibited glucose uptake and lactate accumulation. CoQ0 also inhibited HIF-1α downstream genes involved in glycolysis, such as HK-2, LDH-A, PDK-1, and PKM-2 enzymes. CoQ0 decreased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve in MDA-MB-231 and 468 cells under normoxic and hypoxic (CoCl2) conditions. CoQ0 inhibited the glycolytic intermediates lactate, FBP, and 2/3-PG, and PEP levels. CoQ0 increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR), basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare capacity under normoxic and hypoxic (CoCl2) conditions. CoQ0 increased TCA cycle metabolites, such as citrate, isocitrate, and succinate. CoQ0 inhibited aerobic glycolysis and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in TNBC cells. Under hypoxic conditions, CoQ0 also mitigated HIF-1α, GLUT1, glycolytic-related (HK-2, LDH-A, and PFK-1), and metastasis-related (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9) protein or mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 and/or 468 cells. Under LPS/ATP stimulation, CoQ0 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome/procaspase-1/IL-18 activation and NFκB/iNOS expression. CoQ0 also hindered LPS/ATP-stimulated tumor migration and downregulated LPS/ATP-stimulated N-cadherin and MMP-2/-9 expression. The present study revealed that suppression of HIF-1α expression caused by CoQ0 may contribute to inhibition of NLRP3-mediated inflammation, EMT/metastasis, and Warburg effects of triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Yang HL, Chang YH, Pandey S, Bhat AA, Vadivalagan C, Lin KY, Hseu YC. Antrodia camphorata and coenzyme Q 0 , a novel quinone derivative of Antrodia camphorata, impede HIF-1α and epithelial-mesenchymal transition/metastasis in human glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36947447 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (AC) and Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0 ), a novel quinone derivative of AC, exhibits antitumor activities. The present study evaluated EMT/metastasis inhibition and autophagy induction aspects of AC and CoQ0 in human glioblastoma (GBM8401) cells. Our findings revealed that AC treatment (0-150 μg/mL) hindered tumor cell proliferation and migration/invasion in GBM8401 cells. Notably, AC treatment inhibited HIF-1α and EMT by upregulating epithelial marker protein E-cadherin while downregulating mesenchymal proteins Twist, Slug, Snail, and β-catenin. There was an appearance of the autophagy markers LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1, while ATG4B was downregulated by AC treatment. We also found that CoQ0 (0-10 μM) could inhibit migration and invasion in GBM8401 cells. In particular, E-cadherin was elevated and N-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist, Slug, and Snail, were reduced upon CoQ0 treatment. In addition, MMP-2/-9 expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were downregulated. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitors 3-MA or CQ reversed the CoQ0 -elicited suppression of migration/invasion and metastasis-related proteins (Vimentin, Snail, and β-catenin). Results suggested autophagy-mediated antiEMT and antimetastasis upon CoQ0 treatment. CoQ0 inhibited HIF-1α and metastasis in GBM8401 cells under normoxia and hypoxia. HIF-1α knockdown using siRNA accelerated CoQ0 -inhibited migration. Finally, CoQ0 exhibited a prolonged survival rate in GBM8401-xenografted mice. Treatment with Antrodia camphorata/CoQ0 inhibited HIF-1α and EMT/metastasis in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsien Chang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Asif Ali Bhat
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Yang HL, Tsai CH, Shrestha S, Lee CC, Liao JW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0, a novel quinone derivative of Antrodia camphorata, induces ROS-mediated cytotoxic autophagy and apoptosis against human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112384. [PMID: 34229024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) derived from Antrodia camphorata exerts anticancer activities against breast, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is a common tumor affecting the central nervous system. This study explored anticancer properties of CoQ0 on human glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo, and explained the molecular mechanism behind it. CoQ0 treatment retarded the growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma (U87MG and GBM8401) cells. CoQ0 induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP, and dysregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. Annexin V/PI staining indicated CoQ0 mediated necrosis and apoptosis. Interestingly, AVOs were increased trough induction of autophagy by CoQ0, LC3-II accumulation, and p62/SQSTM1 expression, leading to death mechanism. Z-VAD-FMK has no effect on CoQ0-induced autophagy but autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA)/chloroquine (CQ) led to CoQ0-induced apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited CoQ0-mediated ROS production and diminished CoQ0-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Further, CoQ0 inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. CoQ0 reduced the tumor burden in U87MG and GBM8401 xenografted athymic nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenograft by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. CoQ0 generated ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death for effective glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Yang Z, Ma X, Li Y, Xu H, Han X, Wang R, Zhao P, Li Z, Shi C. Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiofilm Potential of Coenzyme Q 0 against Salmonella Typhimurium. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061211. [PMID: 34071975 PMCID: PMC8230291 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; however, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of CoQ0 against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are unknown. Thus, we investigated the bacteriostatic and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ0 against S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CoQ0 against S. enterica serovars Typhimurium was 0.1–0.2 mg/mL (549–1098 µM), and CoQ0 at MIC and 2MIC decreased viable S. Typhimurium counts below detectable limits within 6 and 4 h, respectively. CoQ0 at 20MIC (4 mg/mL) reduced S. Typhimurium on raw chicken by 1.5 log CFU/cm3 within 6 h. CoQ0 effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity and induced morphological changes in the cell, resulting in hyperpolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentrations, and cellular constituents leakage. Biofilm-associated S. Typhimurium cells were killed by CoQ0 treatment. These findings suggest that CoQ0 could be applied as a natural antibacterial substance for use against S. Typhimurium by the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuokai Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huidong Xu
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xinyi Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ruixia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-2486; Fax: +86-29-8709-1391
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Varakutin AE, Muravsky EA, Shinkarev IY, Khrustalev VN, Semenov VV. Hydrogenation of plant polyalkoxybenzene derivatives: convenient access to coenzyme Q0 analogues. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yang HL, Kuo YT, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Lin KY, Hsu LS, Huang PJ, Lin HC, Hseu YC. The Leaf Extracts of Toona sinensis and Fermented Culture Broths of Antrodia camphorata Synergistically Cause Apoptotic Cell Death in Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420923734. [PMID: 32618215 PMCID: PMC7336824 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420923734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis is a common edible vegetable that is used in
certain Chinese dishes and has importance in folk medicine. The leaf extracts of
T sinensis possess and exhibit anticancer efficacy against
various cancer cell types. In Taiwanese folklore, Antrodia
camphorata, also known as “Niu-Cheng-Zi,” is used in traditional
medicine to treat various illnesses. Its fruit and mycelium possess various
potent antiproliferative properties. Two studies from our group have reported
that T sinensis or A camphorata has the
ability to cause apoptosis in various cancer cells. Conversely, underlying
molecular mechanisms and any beneficial effects remain unknown. This study shows
anticancer efficacy for both T sinensis and A
camphorata co-treatments that target HL-60 cells. The combination
index values indicate that 40 µg/mL of T sinensis and 25 µg/mL
of A camphorata as a combined treatment shows a synergetic
effect, which reduces HL-60 cell proliferation. Alternately, this treatment
exhibited no cytotoxic effects for human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Western blot data showed that T sinensis and A
camphorata as a combined treatment result in augmented expression
of apoptosis, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 inhibition, expression of Bax, Fas,
and FasL, as well as the cleavage of Bid in HL-60 cells. Moreover, this combined
treatment overshadowed monotherapy in its ability to inhibit uPAR, MMP-9, MMP-2,
COX-2 expression, and PGE2 secretions. Our study strongly implies
that this combined treatment offers more beneficial effects to suppress and
treat leukemia due to apoptosis-mediated cell inhibition. Further in
vivo studies related to the combined treatment could establish its
future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Che Z, Fan J, Zhou Z, Li Q, Ma Z, Hu Z, Wu Y, Jin Y, Su Y, Liang P, Li H. Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression Facilitates the Malignant Phenotype and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1299-1312. [PMID: 32551879 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances have been made in the development of antiangiogenesis targeted therapy and surgery, metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still incurable. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is mainly expressed in a variety of germ and somatic cells, and induces somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination, playing a vital role in antibody diversification. We confirmed that AID was expressed at a higher level in ccRCC tissues than in the corresponding nontumor renal tissues. We explored the impact of AID on ccRCC proliferation, invasion, and migration. In 769-p and 786-0 cells, expression of an AID-specific short hairpin RNA significantly reduced AID expression, which markedly inhibited tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. Previous studies showed that AID is associated with Wnt ligand secretion mediator (WLS/GPR177), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) regulation, which was further confirmed in human ccRCC tissues. Therefore, we studied the relationship between AID and these three molecules, and the impact of AID on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ccRCC. WLS/GPR177, SDF-1/CXCL12, and CDK4 were sensitive to 5-azacytidine (a DNA demethylation agent), which reverted the inhibition of carcinogenesis caused by AID repression. In summary, AID is an oncogene that might induce tumorigenesis through DNA demethylation. Targeting AID may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinfeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhanhao Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yaoxi Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingxia Jin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Haoyong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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González-Ruiz L, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz I, Ruiz-Ávila I, Ayén Á, Ramos-García P. An update on the implications of cyclin D1 in melanomas. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:788-805. [PMID: 32147907 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a protein encoded by the CCND1 gene, located on 11q13 chromosome, which is a key component of the physiological regulation of the cell cycle. CCND1/cyclin D1 is upregulated in several types of human tumors including melanoma and is currently classified as an oncogene that promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation. Despite the demonstrated importance of CCND1/cyclin D1 as a central oncogene in several types of human tumors, its knowledge in melanoma is still limited. This review examines data published on upregulation of the CCND1 gene and cyclin D1 protein in the melanoma setting, focusing on the pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the gene and on the clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia González-Ruiz
- Dermatology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Biohealth Research Institute, Granada, Spain.,Pathology Service, San Cecilio Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- Dermatology Service, San Cecilio Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
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12
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Zu ML, Piao XL, Gao JM, Xing SF, Liu LH. Monomer gypenoside LI from Gynostemma pentaphyllum inhibits cell proliferation and upregulates expression of miR-128-3p in melanoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22460. [PMID: 32022984 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gypenosides have anticancer activity against many cancers. Gypenoside LI is a gypenoside monomer from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, its pharmacological functions in melanoma have not been reported. In this study, we found that gypenoside LI had a potent cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells. Gypenoside LI can induce intrinsic apoptosis along with S phase arrest. Furthermore, gypenoside LI inhibited the colony formation ability of melanoma through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Interestingly, we also found that gypenoside LI can induce the upregulation of the tumor suppressor miR-128-3p during melanoma apoptosis. In contrast, gypenoside LI induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which were abolished by overexpression of the miR-128-3p inhibitor in A375 cells. Taken together, these results showed that gypenoside LI could inhibit human melanoma cells through inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle at the S phase and suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a miR-128-3p dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma-Li Zu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Mei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shao-Fang Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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13
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Hseu YC, Cho HJ, Gowrisankar YV, Thiyagarajan V, Chen XZ, Lin KY, Huang HC, Yang HL. Kalantuboside B induced apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human melanoma A2058 cells: An in vitro and in vivo study. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:397-411. [PMID: 31442557 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kalantuboside B (KB), a natural bufadienolide derivative extracted from the succulent plant Kalanchoe tubiflora, is well-known for its cardiotonic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we tested in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy with low concentrations of KB (5-30 ng/mL; 8.7-52.2 nM) on A2058 melanoma cells; and for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. KB significantly inhibited the cell viability and colony formation via arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. There was an association with a decrease in Cyclin A/B1, Cdc25C, and Cdc2 expressions. Further, this treatment indicated the induction of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12 activation, and PARP cleavage, which shows that mitochondrial, death-receptor, and ER-stress signaling pathways are involved. KB-induced autophagy was apparent from enhanced LC3-II accumulation, GFP-LC3 puncta, and AVO formation. Surprisingly, KB-mediated cell death was potentiated by 3-MA and CQ to suggest the role of autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism. Moreover, KB-treated A2058 cells enhanced intracellular ROS generation and antioxidant NAC prevented apoptosis and reversed cytoprotective autophagy. Interestingly, KB-induced apoptosis (PARP cleavage) and cytoprotective autophagy (LC3-II accumulation) were mediated by the up-regulation of the ERK signaling pathway. It was also shown that KB promoted cytoprotective autophagy by a calcium dependent-p53 downregulation pathway. In vivo data showed that KB suppressed tumor growth significantly in A2058-xenografted nude mice. A Western blot indicated cell-cycle inhibition (cyclin A reduction), apoptosis induction (PARP cleavage and Bcl-2 inhibition), and cytoprotective autophagy (LC3-II upregulation and p53 downregulation) in KB-treated A2058-xenografted mice. Our findings suggested that KB-induced ROS pathway plays a role in mediating the apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human melanoma cells. Thus, KB is considered to be a putative anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Cho
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Zao Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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14
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Guo D, Wang S, Li J, Bai F, Yang Y, Xu Y, Liang S, Xia X, Wang X, Shi C. The antimicrobial activity of coenzyme Q 0 against planktonic and biofilm forms of Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Microbiol 2019; 86:103337. [PMID: 31703870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) has demonstrated antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen associated with high mortality in neonates. In this study, the antimicrobial activity and possible antimicrobial mechanism of CoQ0 against C. sakazakii were investigated. Moreover, the inactivation effect of CoQ0 on C. sakazakii in biofilms was also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CoQ0 against C. sakazakii strains ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/mL. Treatment caused cell membrane dysfunction, as evidenced by cell membrane hyperpolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentration and cell membrane integrity, and changes in cellular morphology. CoQ0 combined with mild heat treatment (45, 50, or 55 °C) decreased the number of viable non-desiccated and desiccated C. sakazakii cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in reconstituted infant milk. Furthermore, CoQ0 showed effective inactivation activity against C. sakazakii in biofilms on stainless steel, reducing the number of viable cells and damaging the structure of the biofilm. These findings suggest that CoQ0 has a strong inactivate effect on C. sakazakii and could be used in food production environments to effectively control C. sakazakii and reduce the number of illnesses associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fangting Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Lu Z, Chang L, Zhou H, Liu X, Li Y, Mi T, Tong D. Arctigenin Attenuates Tumor Metastasis Through Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Suppressing GSK3β-Dependent Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:937. [PMID: 31555129 PMCID: PMC6726742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ARG) has been reported to be a bioactive lignan from Arctium lappa exerting various activities including anti-cancer and immune-regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-metastasis activity and mechanism of ARG against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that ARG exhibited a significant cytotoxicity on Hep G2 and SMMC 7721 cells (but not on normal liver cells LO2). In addition, the migration and invasion of Hep G2 and SMMC 7721 cells were also remarkably repressed. Furthermore, ARG attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, resulting in the down-regulation of β-catenin target genes including c-Myc, cyclin D1, MMP-9, and ZO-1. Noticeably, ARG attenuated the activation of Wnt/β-catenin through a GSK3β-dependent pathway. Besides, we also found that ARG potentially inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition by up-regulating the epithelial and down-regulating the mesenchymal marker proteins. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of ARG not only significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumor but also dramatically alleviated the tumor metastasis in liver. Our data demonstrated that ARG exerted anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anti-metastasis activities against hepatocellular carcinoma, which might make it a candidate as a preventive agent for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinqian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiejun Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Role of coenzymes in cancer metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:44-53. [PMID: 31176736 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous set of diseases characterized by the rewiring of cellular signaling and the reprogramming of metabolic pathways to sustain growth and proliferation. In past decades, studies were focused primarily on the genetic complexity of cancer. Recently, increasing number of studies have discovered several mutations among metabolic enzymes in different tumor cells. Most of the enzymes are regulated by coenzymes, organic cofactors, that function as intermediate carrier of electrons or functional groups that are transferred during the reaction. However, the precise role of cofactors is not well elucidated. In this review, we discuss several metabolic enzymes associated to cancer metabolism rewiring, whose inhibition may represent a therapeutic target. Such enzymes, upon expression or inhibition, may impact also the coenzymes levels, but only in few cases, it was possible to direct correlate coenzymes changes with a specific enzyme. In addition, we also summarize an up-to-date information on biological role of some coenzymes, preclinical and clinical studies, that have been carried out in various cancers and their outputs.
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17
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Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Shen PC, Mathew DC, Lin KY, Liao JW, Hseu YC. Anti-EMT properties of CoQ0 attributed to PI3K/AKT/NFKB/MMP-9 signaling pathway through ROS-mediated apoptosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:186. [PMID: 31068208 PMCID: PMC6505074 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, a novel quinone derivative, coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), promotes apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. This study explored the anti-epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and antimetastatic attributes of CoQ0 in TNBC (MDA-MB-231). Methods Invasion, as well as MTT assays were conducted. Lipofectamine RNAiMAX was used to transfect cells with β-catenin siRNA. Through Western blotting and RT-PCR, the major signaling pathways’ protein expressions were examined, and the biopsied tumor tissues underwent immunohistochemical and hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as Western blotting. Results CoQ0 (0.5–2 μM) hindered tumor migration, invasion, and progression. Additionally, it caused MMP-2/− 9, uPA, uPAR, and VEGF downregulation. Furthermore, in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, TIMP-1/2 expression was subsequently upregulated and MMP-9 expression was downregulated. In addition, CoQ0 inhibited metastasis and EMT in TGF-β/TNF-α-stimulated non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells. Bioluminescence imaging of MDA-MB-231 luciferase–injected live mice demonstrated that CoQ0 significantly inhibited metastasis of the breast cancer to the lungs and inhibited the development of tumors in MDA-MB-231 xenografted nude mice. Silencing of β-catenin with siRNA stimulated CoQ0-inhibited EMT. Western blotting as well as histological analysis established that CoQ0 reduced xenografted tumor development because apoptosis induction, cell-cycle inhibition, E-cadherin upregulation, β-catenin downregulation, and metastasis and EMT regulatory protein modulation were observed. Conclusions CoQ0 inhibited the progression of metastasis as well as EMT (in vitro and in vivo). The described approach has potential in treating human breast cancer metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1196-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceuticals and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shen
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceuticals and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceuticals and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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18
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Fan Q, Yan C, Shi C, Xu Y, Ma Y, Zhang C, Peng X, Xia X. Inhibitory Effect of Coenzyme Q0 on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:317-324. [PMID: 30964334 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), one of benzoquinone compounds, has been demonstrated to possess antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, its antimicrobial effect has not been extensively reported. In this study, antimicrobial activity of CoQ0 against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by measurement of inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth curves. Time-kill assay was performed to assess the bactericidal activity of CoQ0 against S. aureus in tryptone soya broth and pasteurized milk. The possible mechanism of action was explored through measuring changes in intracellular ATP concentrations, membrane potential, and cell morphology. Furthermore, propidium iodide (PI) staining assay was performed to evaluate the effect of CoQ0 on cell membrane integrity. The MIC of CoQ0 against tested strains ranged from 7.8 to 62.5 μg/mL. CoQ0 at 2 × MIC showed bactericidal effect on S. aureus in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and pasteurized milk. Decrease in intracellular ATP concentration and membrane potential were detected when cells were treated with CoQ0. PI staining demonstrated destruction of bacterial cell membrane. CoQ0 also induced abnormal cell morphological changes, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. These findings suggested that CoQ0 exhibited antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, which was partly because of its ability to damage cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Fan
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,2 Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- 3 Department of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- 1 Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,4 Technical Center, Jiangsu Ecolovo Food Group Co., Ltd., Suqian, Jiangsu, China.,5 Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning, China
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19
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Galloway NR, Ball KF, Stiff T, Wall NR. Yin Yang 1 (YY1): Regulation of Survivin and Its Role In Invasion and Metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 22:23-36. [PMID: 29604934 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2017020836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant clinical and basic science advancements, cancer remains a devastating disease that affects people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. The pathogenesis of cancer has recently been described to result from eight biological capabilities or hallmarks and two enabling characteristics. These eight hallmarks are: deregulation of cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. The enabling characteristics are: genome instability and mutation and tumor-promoting inflammation. Survivin, the fourth most common transcript found in cancer cells, is a protein that is thought to be involved in the enhanced proliferation, survival, and metastasis and possibly other key hallmarks of cancer cells. Understanding how this gene is turned on and off is vitally important for attempt improving cancer management and therapy. Our work has identified a novel transcriptional regulator of survivin called Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which has been observed to activate some gene promoters and repress others and is gaining increasing interest as a target of cancer therapy. Our work shows for the first time that YY1 represses survivin transcription by physically interacting with the survivin promoter. Furthermore, YY1 appears to contribute to basal survivin transcriptional activity, indicating that disruption of its binding may in part contribute to survivin overexpression after cellular stress events including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Galloway
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Kathryn F Ball
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - TessaRae Stiff
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
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20
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Li X, Li S, Wang X, Zhao S, Liu H. [Knocking down fascin inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in nude mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 38:1409-1414. [PMID: 30613006 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of knocking down fascin on cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. METHODS Cervical cancer CaSki cells were infected with a lentiviral vector carrying fascin siRNA or with a negative control lentivirus, and fascin mRNA and protein expressions in the cells were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of CaSki cells with fascin knockdown. CaSki cells transfected with fascin siRNA or the control lentiviral vector and non-transfected CaSki cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice, and the volume and weight of the transplanted tumor were measured; Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), survivin, cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and p21 proteins in the tumor xenograft. RESULTS Infection with the lentiviral vector carrying fascin siRNA, but not the negative control vector, caused significant reductions in the expression levels of fascin mRNA and protein in CaSki cells (P < 0.05). Fascin knockdown resulted in significantly reduced proliferation of CaSki cells in vitro (P < 0.05). The nude mice inoculated with CaSki cells with fascin knockdown showed reduced tumor volume and weight, lowered levels of PCNA, survivin and CDK4, and increased expression of p21 protein in the tumor xenograft compared with the control mice. The negative control lentivirus did not affect the proliferation or tumorigenicity of CaSki cells in nude mice or the expression levels of PCNA, survivin, CDK4 or p21 proteins in the xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Knocking down fascin can inhibit the growth and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Surong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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21
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Zhang P, Zhang M, Yu D, Liu W, Hu L, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Cao Z. Lycorine inhibits melanoma cell migration and metastasis mainly through reducing intracellular levels of β-catenin and matrix metallopeptidase 9. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10566-10575. [PMID: 30565685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma accounts for 60% of death for skin cancer. Although great efforts have been made to treat the disease, effective drugs against metastatic melanoma still lack at the clinical setting. In the current study, we found that lycorine, a small molecule of isoquinoline alkaloid, significantly suppressed melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, and decreased the metastasis of melanoma cells to lung tissues in tumor-bearing mice, resulting in significant prolongation of the survival of the mice without obvious toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that lycorine significantly reduced intracellular levels of β-catenin protein through degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and decreased the expression of β-catenin downstream prometastatic matrix metallopeptidase 9 and Axin2 genes. Collectively, our findings support the notion that targeting the oncogenic β-catenin by lycorine is a new option to inhibit melanoma cell metastasis, providing a good drug candidate potential for development novel therapeutics against metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Di Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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22
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Johnson TA, Singla DK. PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic attenuates inflammatory M1 macrophages and cardiac remodeling in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1236-H1249. [PMID: 30095997 PMCID: PMC6297808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00121.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is an effective agent commonly used in cancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, Doxo treatment can stimulate cardiomyopathy and subsequent heart failure, limiting the use of this drug. The role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in apoptosis has been documented in Doxo-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) and heart failure models. However, whether direct inhibition of PTEN attenuates apoptosis, cardiac remodeling, and inflammatory M1 macrophages in the DIC model remains elusive. Therefore, the present study was designed to understand the effects of VO-OHpic (VO), a potent inhibitor of PTEN, in reducing apoptosis and cardiac remodeling. At day 56, echocardiography was performed, which showed that VO treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) improved heart function. Immunohistochemistry, TUNEL, and histological staining were used to determine apoptosis, proinflammatory M1 macrophages, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and cardiac remodeling. Our data show a significant increase in apoptosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages with Doxo treatment, whereas VO treatment significantly reduced apoptosis, adverse cardiac remodeling, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages significantly ( P < 0.05) compared with the Doxo-treated group. Western blot analysis confirmed the reduction of phosphorylated PTEN and increase in phosphorylated AKT protein expression in the Doxo + VO-treated group. Moreover, VO administration increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Collectively, our data suggest that VO treatment attenuates apoptosis and adverse cardiac remodeling, a process that is mediated through the PTEN/AKT pathway, resulting in improved heart function in DIC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) is still a major issue in patients with cancer. These novel findings on the phosphatase and tensin homolog inhibitor VO-OHpic in DIC is the first report, as per the best of our knowledge, that VO-OHpic significantly decreases apoptosis, fibrosis, hypertrophy, adverse cardiac remodeling, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages and increases anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages along with significantly improved cardiac function. VO-OHpic could be a future therapeutic agent for patients with DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Johnson
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
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23
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Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx attenuate in vitro and in vivo melanoma cancer metastasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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24
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Hseu YC, Chang GR, Pan JY, Rajendran P, Mathew DC, Li ML, Liao JW, Chen WTL, Yang HL. Antrodia camphorata inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting multiple pathways in triple-negative breast cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4125-4139. [PMID: 30146779 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (AC) exhibits potential for engendering cell-cycle arrest as well as prompting apoptosis and metastasis inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We performed the current study to explore the anti-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties of fermented AC broth in TNBC cells. Our results illustrated that noncytotoxic concentrations of AC (20-60 μg/ml) reversed the morphological changes (fibroblastic-to-epithelial phenotype) as well as the EMT by upregulating the observed E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, we discovered treatment with AC substantially inhibit the Twist expression in human TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cells as well as in those that were transfected with Twist. In addition, we determined AC to decrease the observed Wnt/β-catenin nuclear translocation through a pathway determined to be dependent on GSK3β. Notably, AC treatment consistently inhibited the EMT by downregulating mesenchymal marker proteins like N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, ZEB-1, and fibronectin; at that same time upregulating epithelial marker proteins like occludin and ZO-1. Bioluminescence imaging that was executed in vivo demonstrated AC substantially suppressed breast cancer metastasis to the lungs. Notably, we found that western blot analysis confirmed that AC decreased lung metastasis as demonstrated by upregulation of E-cadherin expression in biopsied lung tissue. Together with our results support the anti-EMT activity of AC, indicating AC as having the potential for acting as an anticancer agent for the treatment of human TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-You Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Yang HL, Lin RW, Rajendran P, Mathew DC, Thigarajan V, Lee CC, Hsu CJ, Hseu YC. Antrodia salmonea-induced oxidative stress abrogates HER-2 signaling cascade and enhanced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3029-3042. [PMID: 30146791 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus and has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, the anticancer activity of A. salmonea against human ovarian cancer is still elusive. Therefore, we investigated the antiovarian tumor activity of a fermented culture broth of A. salmonea and exhibits its underlying molecular mechanism. A. salmonea shows a significant effect on cell viability in human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3 or A2780) cell lines with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells and annexin V-propidium iodide stained cells indicate that A. salmonea induces late apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. Notably, treatment with A. salmonea induced the following events: Apoptosis; caspase-3, -8, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation; first apoptosis signal (Fas) and Fas ligand activation; Bid cleavage; and Bax2-B-cell lymphoma 2 dysregulation. The results show that A. salmonea-induced apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. An increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed in A. salmonea-treated cells, whereas the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented A. salmonea-induced cell death and DNA fragmentation, indicating that A. salmonea-induced apoptosis was mediated by ROS generation. Interestingly, A. salmonea-induced apoptosis is associated with the suppression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) expression in HER-2/neu overexpressing SKOV-3 cells. NAC significantly prevented A. salmonea-induced HER-2/neu depletion and PI3K/AKT inactivation, indicating that A. salmonea-triggered apoptosis is mediated by ROS-inhibited HER-2/neu signaling cascades. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the anticancer activity of this potentially beneficial mushroom against human ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Wan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thigarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Fan Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wu Q, Shi C, Zhang C, Xia X, Wang X. Effect of Coenzyme Q0 on biofilm formation and attachment-invasion efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Xie W, Lu J, Lu Q, Wang X, Long H, Huang J, Guo Z. Matrine inhibits the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells through regulation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:723-729. [PMID: 30112033 PMCID: PMC6090456 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment, lung cancer remains an incurable disease. Matrine, an active compound isolated from Sophora flavescens, has been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of matrine in lung cancer remain elusive. In the present study, the lung cancer cells H1299 and A549 were used to investigate how matrine affects the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro. It was demonstrated that matrine is able to significantly suppress the proliferation and colony formation of lung cancer cells in vitro. Using cell apoptosis analysis, wound-healing and Transwell assays, it was demonstrated that matrine induced cellular apoptosis and inhibited the migration of lung cancer cells. Further experiments revealed that matrine significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The present results suggested that matrine inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis by suppressing the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, which demonstrated that matrine may have therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Haihu Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Jianhao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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28
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Vakamullu S, Arepalli SK, Velatooru LR, J VR, P KK, B N. In vitro apoptotic mechanism of a novel synthetic Quinazolinyl derivative: Induces caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway on THP-1, leukemia cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:117-127. [PMID: 29225136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several quinazoline derivatives have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Previously our research group has synthesized and studied the anti-proliferative effects of N-Decyl-N-(2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinyl) Amine (DMQA). The current study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of DMQA in THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic potential of DMQA was assessed using MTT assay on a panel of cancer cell lines which include HeLa, Mia PaCa-2, A 375, B16-F10, A 549,A 431, U937, THP-1, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Preliminary data revealed that the highest cytotoxic activity was against THP-1 leukemia cell line (IC50=0.66 μg/ml). The apoptotic properties of DMQA on THP-1 cells were characterized by change in nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, reduction of pro-caspases-3, 9, Bax/Bcl-2 levels, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Further investigation revealed a sub-G1 peak, phosphatidyl serine exposure and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in THP-1 cells. The role of caspases was crucial and was demonstrated by the inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK. Moreover DMQA was markedly less effective in inhibiting the growth of normal cells (PBMC's, IC50 =62.17 μg/ml). Based on the results we suggest that DMQA induced apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vakamullu
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India; MNR Foundation for Research and Innovation, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502294, India
| | - S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - L R Velatooru
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao J
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India.
| | - Kavin Kennedy P
- Flow-cytometry Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Narsaiah B
- Fluoro Organic Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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29
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Hseu YC, Chao YH, Lin KY, Way TD, Lin HY, Thiyagarajan V, Yang HL. Antrodia camphorata inhibits metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the modulation of claudin-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in human colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:72-83. [PMID: 28688953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a well known traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been used to treat various diseases including cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic and anti-EMT properties of a fermented culture broth of AC in human colon SW480claudin-1- and metastatic SW620claudin-1+ cancer cells in vitro. RESULTS AC down-regulates claudin-1 and inhibits the proliferation and colony-formation abilities of both SW620claudin-1+ and SW480claudin-1- cells. In highly metastatic SW620claudin-1+ cells, non-cytotoxic concentrations of AC significantly inhibited migration/invasion, accompanied by the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins. AC decreased nuclear translocation of Wnt/β-catenin through a GSK3β-dependent pathway. AC consistently inhibited EMT by up-regulating the epithelial and downregulating the mesenchymal marker proteins. In SW480claudin-1- cells, AC suppressed migration/invasion potentially through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways without altering the expression levels of β-catenin and GSK3β proteins. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study demonstrates the anti-metastatic and anti-EMT activities of AC, which may contribute to the development of a chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chao
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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30
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Garza-Cervantes JA, Chávez-Reyes A, Castillo EC, García-Rivas G, Antonio Ortega-Rivera O, Salinas E, Ortiz-Martínez M, Gómez-Flores SL, Peña-Martínez JA, Pepi-Molina A, Treviño-González MT, Zarate X, Elena Cantú-Cárdenas M, Enrique Escarcega-Gonzalez C, Morones-Ramírez JR. Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Silver/Transition-metal Combinatorial Treatments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:903. [PMID: 28420878 PMCID: PMC5429853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, development of novel antibiotics has become a critical issue. One promising approach is the use of transition metals, since they exhibit rapid and significant toxicity, at low concentrations, in prokaryotic cells. Nevertheless, one main drawback of transition metals is their toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that the barriers to use them as therapeutic agents could be mitigated by combining them with silver. We demonstrate that synergism of combinatorial treatments (Silver/transition metals, including Zn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Cu) increases up to 8-fold their antimicrobial effect, when compared to their individual effects, against E. coli and B. subtilis. We find that most combinatorial treatments exhibit synergistic antimicrobial effects at low/non-toxic concentrations to human keratinocyte cells, blast and melanoma rat cell lines. Moreover, we show that silver/(Cu, Ni, and Zn) increase prokaryotic cell permeability at sub-inhibitory concentrations, demonstrating this to be a possible mechanism of the synergistic behavior. Together, these results suggest that these combinatorial treatments will play an important role in the future development of antimicrobial agents and treatments against infections. In specific, the cytotoxicity experiments show that the combinations have great potential in the treatment of topical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Garza-Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Arturo Chávez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Parque PIIT, 66600, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar Antonio Ortega-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria C.P., 20131, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria C.P., 20131, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Margarita Ortiz-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Sara Leticia Gómez-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Peña-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Alan Pepi-Molina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Mario T Treviño-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - María Elena Cantú-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Carlos Enrique Escarcega-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - J Rubén Morones-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd, Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico.
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Chang CT, Hseu YC, Thiyagarajan V, Huang HC, Hsu LS, Huang PJ, Liu JY, Liao JW, Yang HL. Antrodia salmonea induces G 2 cell-cycle arrest in human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:9-19. [PMID: 27986611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia salmonea (AS), is a well-known folk medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the effects of AS on cell-cycle arrest in vitro in MDA-MB-231 cells and on tumor regression in vivo using an athymic nude mice model. RESULTS AS (0-200μg/mL) treatment significantly induced G2 cell-cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing the levels of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, and CDC2 proteins. In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment prevented AS induced G2 cell-cycle arrest, indicating that ROS accumulation and subsequent cell cycle arrest might be a major mechanism of AS-induced cytotoxicity. Further, AS treatment decreased COX-2 expression and induced PARP cleavage was significantly reversed by NAC pretreatment in MDA-MB-231 cells. The in vivo study results revealed that AS treatment was effective in terms of delaying the tumor incidence and reducing the tumor growth in MDA-MB-231-xenografted nude mice. TUNEL assay, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting confirmed that AS significantly modulated the xenografted tumor progression as demonstrated by induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell-cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that Antrodia salmonea could be an anti-cancer agent for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ting Chang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics,Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics,Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Wang HM, Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Huang TH, Huang PJ, Chen SC, Liu JY, Hsu LS, Chang HW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0 Enhances Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis in Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:385-396. [PMID: 27821721 PMCID: PMC5759941 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416673907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0; 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a major active constituent of Antrodia camphorata, has been shown to inhibit human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells through induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Ecological studies have suggested a possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and reduction in the risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the combination of CoQ0 and UVB in human estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (MCF-7) remains unclear. In this study, the possible effect of CoQ0 on inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells under exposure to low-dose UVB (0.05 J/cm2) has been investigated. CoQ0 treatment (0-35 µM, for 24-72 hours) inhibits moderately the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the cell viability was significantly decreased when the cells were pretreated with UVB irradiation. It was noted that there was a remarkable accumulation of subploid cells, the so-called sub-G1 peak, in CoQ0-treated cells by using flow cytometric analysis, which suggests that the viability reduction observed after treatment may result from apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. CoQ0 caused an elevation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and UVB pretreatment significantly increased CoQ0-induced reactive oxygen species generation in MCF-7 cells. In addition, cells were exposed to CoQ0, and the induction of DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). CoQ0-induced DNA damage was remarkably enhanced by UVB pretreatment. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was associated with PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression as shown by western blot. Collectively, these findings suggest that CoQ0 might be an important supplemental agent for treating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- 5 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- 1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- 2 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in inducing autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4623-4629. [PMID: 28105169 PMCID: PMC5228543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is the downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to positively correlate with prognosis in several types of malignancies. The present study aimed to determine the role of β-catenin in multiple myeloma (MM) cells using lentiviruses expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression of β-catenin in the MM cell line RPMI-8826 was evaluated following β-catenin knockdown by the siRNA. Subsequently, the activation of autophagy in MM cells was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and western blot analyses. Cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins following β-catenin silencing was investigated by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. A significant decrease in β-catenin expression was observed in the MM cell line expressing β-catenin-specific siRNA. Activation of autophagy was induced by β-catenin silencing, as evidenced by increases in the number of autophagic vacuoles and the expression of the autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and Beclin-1. Furthermore, the expression of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase was increased, and that of mechanistic target of rapamycin was decreased, following β-catenin silencing. In addition, there was an increase in the rate of apoptosis of MM cells following β-catenin silencing, accompanied by increased protein expression of phosphorylated p53, active caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, and decreased protein expression of Bcl-2. The results of the present study suggested that β-catenin silencing induced autophagy and apoptosis in MM cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that a β-catenin deficiency induces autophagy in MM cells. These findings suggested that inhibition of β-catenin could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with MM.
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