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Povo-Retana A, Landauro-Vera R, Alvarez-Lucena C, Cascante M, Boscá L. Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin Modulate the Interplay between Cells in the Tumour Microenvironment-Progresses in Their Use in Combined Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:331. [PMID: 38257245 PMCID: PMC10820391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Trabectedin (TRB) and Lurbinectedin (LUR) are alkaloid compounds originally isolated from Ecteinascidia turbinata with proven antitumoral activity. Both molecules are structural analogues that differ on the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety of the C subunit in TRB, which is replaced by a tetrahydro-β-carboline in LUR. TRB is indicated for patients with relapsed ovarian cancer in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, as well as for advanced soft tissue sarcoma in adults in monotherapy. LUR was approved by the FDA in 2020 to treat metastatic small cell lung cancer. Herein, we systematically summarise the origin and structure of TRB and LUR, as well as the molecular mechanisms that they trigger to induce cell death in tumoral cells and supporting stroma cells of the tumoral microenvironment, and how these compounds regulate immune cell function and fate. Finally, the novel therapeutic venues that are currently under exploration, in combination with a plethora of different immunotherapeutic strategies or specific molecular-targeted inhibitors, are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors, or other bioactive molecules that have shown synergistic effects in terms of tumour regression and ablation. These approaches intend to tackle the complexity of managing cancer patients in the context of precision medicine and the application of tailor-made strategies aiming at the reduction of undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-V.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Landauro-Vera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-V.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Carlota Alvarez-Lucena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-V.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine-Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-V.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Schultz CW, Zhang Y, Elmeskini R, Zimmermann A, Fu H, Murai Y, Wangsa D, Kumar S, Takahashi N, Atkinson D, Saha LK, Lee C, Elenbaas B, Desai P, Sebastian R, Sharma AK, Abel M, Schroeder B, Krishnamurthy M, Kumar R, Roper N, Aladjem M, Zenke FT, Ohler ZW, Pommier Y, Thomas A. ATR inhibition augments the efficacy of lurbinectedin in small-cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17313. [PMID: 37491889 PMCID: PMC10405061 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer. Specifically, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine SCLC is particularly resistant to standard therapies. Lurbinectedin was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed SCLC, but combinatorial approaches are needed to increase the depth and duration of responses to lurbinectedin. Using high-throughput screens, we found inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 related (ATR) as the most effective agents for augmenting lurbinectedin efficacy. First-in-class ATR inhibitor berzosertib synergized with lurbinectedin in multiple SCLC cell lines, organoid, and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition abrogated S-phase arrest induced by lurbinectedin and forced cell cycle progression causing mitotic catastrophe and cell death. High CDKN1A/p21 expression was associated with decreased synergy due to G1 arrest, while increased levels of ERCC5/XPG were predictive of increased combination efficacy. Importantly, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine tumors which are resistant to first-line therapies show reduced CDKN1A/p21 expression and increased ERCC5/XPG indicating they are primed for response to lurbinectedin-berzosertib combination. The combination is being assessed in a clinical trial NCT04802174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajaa Elmeskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Medical Oncology BranchNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Devon Atkinson
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Liton Kumar Saha
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Chien‐Fei Lee
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Brian Elenbaas
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Parth Desai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Robin Sebastian
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ajit Kumar Sharma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Melissa Abel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brett Schroeder
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Manan Krishnamurthy
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mirit Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Frank T Zenke
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Ovejero-Sánchez M, González-Sarmiento R, Herrero AB. DNA Damage Response Alterations in Ovarian Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:448. [PMID: 36672401 PMCID: PMC9856346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR), a set of signaling pathways for DNA damage detection and repair, maintains genomic stability when cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. Alterations in these pathways are strongly associated with cancer development, including ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. In OC, failures in the DDR have been related not only to the onset but also to progression and chemoresistance. It is known that approximately half of the most frequent subtype, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), exhibit defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), and current evidence indicates that probably all HGSCs harbor a defect in at least one DDR pathway. These defects are not restricted to HGSCs; mutations in ARID1A, which are present in 30% of endometrioid OCs and 50% of clear cell (CC) carcinomas, have also been found to confer deficiencies in DNA repair. Moreover, DDR alterations have been described in a variable percentage of the different OC subtypes. Here, we overview the main DNA repair pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability and their deregulation in OC. We also recapitulate the preclinical and clinical data supporting the potential of targeting the DDR to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Gadducci A, Cosio S. Trabectedin and lurbinectedin: Mechanisms of action, clinical impact, and future perspectives in uterine and soft tissue sarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914342. [PMID: 36408147 PMCID: PMC9671549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecteinascidins trabectedin and lurbinectedin are very interesting antineoplastic agents, with a favorable toxicity profile and peculiar mechanisms of action. These drugs form adducts in the minor groove of DNA, which produce single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) and trigger a series of events resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the ecteinascidins interact with the tumor microenvironment, reduce the number of tumor-associated macrophages, and inhibit the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Trabectedin has been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior anthracycline-based regimen. Moreover, trabectedin in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has been approved in the European Union for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Lurbinectedin has been approved by the FDA for patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. The review assesses in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on the antineoplastic effects of both ecteinascidins as well as the clinical trials on the activity of trabectedin in uterine sarcoma and ovarian carcinoma and of lurbinectedin in ovarian carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma.
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Boni V, Pistilli B, Braña I, Shapiro GI, Trigo J, Moreno V, Castellano D, Fernández C, Kahatt C, Alfaro V, Siguero M, Zeaiter A, Longo F, Zaman K, Antón A, Paredes A, Huidobro G, Subbiah V. Lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription, in patients with pretreated germline BRCA1/2 metastatic breast cancer: results from a phase II basket study. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100571. [PMID: 36037567 PMCID: PMC9588879 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription, has shown preclinical antitumor activity against homologous recombination repair-deficient models and preliminary clinical activity in BRCA1/2 breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II basket multitumor trial (NCT02454972) evaluated lurbinectedin 3.2 mg/m2 1-h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in a cohort of 21 patients with pretreated germline BRCA1/2 breast cancer. Patients with any hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status were enrolled. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) according to RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS Confirmed partial response (PR) was observed in six patients [ORR = 28.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3% to 52.2%] who had received a median of two prior advanced chemotherapy lines. Lurbinectedin was active in both BRCA mutations: four PRs in 11 patients (36.4%) with BRCA2 and two PRs in 10 patients (20.0%) with BRCA1. Median DoR was 8.6 months, median PFS was 4.1 months and median OS was 16.1 months. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 10 patients (47.6%), including 3 with unconfirmed response in a subsequent tumor assessment [ORR unconfirmed = 42.9% (95% CI 21.8% to 66.0%)]. Clinical benefit rate (PR + SD ≥ 4 months) was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8% to 91.8%). No objective response was observed among patients who had received prior poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (61.9%), fatigue (38.1%) and vomiting (23.8%). These AEs were mostly grade 1/2. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (42.9%: grade 4, 23.8%: with no febrile neutropenia). CONCLUSIONS This phase II study met its primary endpoint and showed activity of lurbinectedin in germline BRCA1/2 breast cancer. Lurbinectedin showed a predictable and manageable safety profile. Considering the exploratory aim of this trial as well as previous results in other phase II studies, further development of lurbinectedin in this indication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boni
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - I Braña
- Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Trigo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - V Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Castellano
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Kahatt
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Alfaro
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Siguero
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zeaiter
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Longo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Zaman
- University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Antón
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Paredes
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - G Huidobro
- Hospital Universitario de Vigo Alvaro Cunqueiro, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - V Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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Musacchio L, Cicala CM, Salutari V, Camarda F, Carbone MV, Ghizzoni V, Giudice E, Nero C, Perri MT, Ricci C, Tronconi F, Scambia G, Lorusso D. Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Lurbinectedin in Ovarian Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:831612. [PMID: 35280728 PMCID: PMC8904915 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.831612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lurbinectedin is an antitumor agent belonging to the natural marine-based tetrahydroisoquinoline family which has shown very promising clinical activity with a favorable safety profile in many types of cancer. Preclinical evidence showed that lurbinectedin inhibits active transcription and binds to GC-rich sequences, leading to irreversible degradation of RNA polymerase II and generation of single- and double-strand DNA breaks and, as a consequence, apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, lurbinectedin has demonstrated modulation of the tumor microenvironment and activity against cancer cells harboring homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency. Although considerable improvements have been made in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, most patients with advanced disease experience recurrence with a dismal prognosis due to chemotherapy (mainly platinum) resistance. Platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer remains a difficult-to-treat setting of disease, and currently, the exploration of new therapeutic approaches represents a main field of interest. Although the CORAIL phase III study did not meet its primary endpoint, the results suggest that lurbinectedin might be a valid alternative for patients that have exhausted therapeutic options. This article will focus on the clinical evidence, the most recent investigations, and the future perspective regarding the use of lurbinectedin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Musacchio
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Cicala
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Vanda Salutari
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Camarda
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Carbone
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Ghizzoni
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Giudice
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Nero
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Perri
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Gaillard S, Oaknin A, Ray-Coquard I, Vergote I, Scambia G, Colombo N, Fernandez C, Alfaro V, Kahatt C, Nieto A, Zeaiter A, Aracil M, Vidal L, Pardo-Burdalo B, Papai Z, Kristeleit R, O'Malley DM, Benjamin I, Pautier P, Lorusso D. Lurbinectedin versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or topotecan in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: A multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label phase 3 study (CORAIL). Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:237-245. [PMID: 34521554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The randomized phase 3 CORAIL trial evaluated whether lurbinectedin improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or topotecan in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to lurbinectedin 3.2 mg/m2 1-h i.v. infusion q3wk (experimental arm), versus PLD 50 mg/m2 1-h i.v. infusion q4wk or topotecan 1.50 mg/m2 30-min i.v. infusion Days 1-5 q3wk (control arm). Stratification factors were PS (0 vs. ≥1), prior PFI (1-3 months vs. >3 months), and prior chemotherapy lines (1-2 vs. 3). The primary endpoint was PFS by Independent Review Committee in all randomized patients. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02421588. RESULTS 442 patients were randomized: 221 in lurbinectedin arm and 221 in control arm (127 PLD and 94 topotecan). With a median follow-up of 25.6 months, median PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI, 2.1-3.7) in the lurbinectedin arm and 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.7-3.8) in the control arm (stratified log-rank p = 0.6294; HR = 1.057). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were most frequent in the control arm: 64.8% vs. 47.9% (p = 0.0005), mainly due to hematological toxicities. The most common grade ≥ 3 AEs were: fatigue (7.3% of patients) and nausea (5.9%) with lurbinectedin; mucosal inflammation (8.5%) and fatigue (8.0%) in the control arm. CONCLUSIONS The primary endpoint of improvement in PFS was not met. Lurbinectedin showed similar antitumor efficacy and was better tolerated than current standard of care in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vicente Alfaro
- Pharma Mar S.A., Clinical R&D, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Kahatt
- Pharma Mar S.A., Clinical R&D, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Nieto
- Pharma Mar S.A., Clinical R&D, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Zeaiter
- Pharma Mar S.A., Clinical R&D, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Aracil
- Pharma Mar S.A., Clinical R&D, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - David M O'Malley
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center - Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | | | - Domenica Lorusso
- Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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8
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Alomar ML, Yañuk JG, Angel SO, Gonzalez MM, Cabrerizo FM. In vitro Effect of Harmine Alkaloid and Its N-Methyl Derivatives Against Toxoplasma gondii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716534. [PMID: 34421876 PMCID: PMC8375385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and neglected zoonotic global diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The current pharmacological treatments show clinical limitations, and therefore, the search for new drugs is an urgent need in order to eradicate this infection. Due to their intrinsic biological activities, β-carboline (βC) alkaloids might represent a good alternative that deserves further investigations. In this context, the in vitro anti-T. gondii activity of three βCs, harmine (1), 2-methyl-harminium (2), and 9-methyl-harmine (3), was evaluated herein. Briefly, the three alkaloids exerted direct effects on the parasite invasion and/or replication capability. Replication rates of intracellular treated tachyzoites were also affected in a dose-dependent manner, at noncytotoxic concentrations for host cells. Additionally, cell cycle analysis revealed that both methyl-derivatives 2 and 3 induce parasite arrest in S/M phases. Compound 3 showed the highest irreversible parasite growth inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.8 ± 0.2 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 17.2 at 4 days post infection. Due to high replication rates, tachyzoites are frequently subjected to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This highly toxic lesion triggers a series of DNA damage response reactions, starting with a kinase cascade that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, including the histone H2A.X to lead the early DSB marker γH2A.X. Western blot studies showed that basal expression of γH2A.X was reduced in the presence of 3. Interestingly, the typical increase in γH2A.X levels produced by camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates DSB, was not observed when CPT was co-administered with 3. These findings suggest that 3 might disrupt Toxoplasma DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Alomar
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, UNSAM - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - M Micaela Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
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9
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Torres-Ávila JF, Espitia-Pérez L, Bonatto D, Silva FRD, Oliveira IMD, Silva LFO, Corrêa DS, Dias JF, Silva JD, Henriques JAP. Systems chemo-biology analysis of DNA damage response and cell cycle effects induced by coal exposure. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190134. [PMID: 32609278 PMCID: PMC7315349 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle alterations are among the principle hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, the study of cell cycle regulators has emerged as an important topic in cancer research, particularly in relation to environmental exposure. Particulate matter and coal dust around coal mines have the potential to induce cell cycle alterations. Therefore, in the present study, we performed chemical analyses to identify the main compounds present in two mineral coal samples from Colombian mines and performed systems chemo-biology analysis to elucidate the interactions between these chemical compounds and proteins associated with the cell cycle. Our results highlight the role of oxidative stress generated by the exposure to the residues of coal extraction, such as major inorganic oxides (MIOs), inorganic elements (IEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on DNA damage and alterations in the progression of the cell cycle (blockage and/or delay), as well as structural dysfunction in several proteins. In particular, IEs such as Cr, Ni, and S and PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene may have influential roles in the regulation of the cell cycle through DNA damage and oxidative stress. In this process, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, zinc finger proteins such as TP53, and protein kinases may play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Torres-Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Universidad del Sinú, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís F O Silva
- Universidad de la Costa, Civil and Environmental Department, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Centro de Pesquisa de Produtos e Desenvolvimento, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Implantação de Íons, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica, Proteômica e Reparo de DNA, RS, Brazil
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10
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Póti Á, Gyergyák H, Németh E, Rusz O, Tóth S, Kovácsházi C, Chen D, Szikriszt B, Spisák S, Takeda S, Szakács G, Szallasi Z, Richardson AL, Szüts D. Correlation of homologous recombination deficiency induced mutational signatures with sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. Genome Biol 2019; 20:240. [PMID: 31727117 PMCID: PMC6857305 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency arising from defects in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is associated with characteristic patterns of somatic mutations. In this genetic study, we ask whether inactivating mutations in further genes of the HR pathway or the DNA damage checkpoint also give rise to somatic mutation patterns that can be used for treatment prediction. RESULTS Using whole genome sequencing of an isogenic knockout cell line panel, we find a universal HR deficiency-specific base substitution signature that is similar to COSMIC signature 3. In contrast, we detect different deletion phenotypes corresponding to specific HR mutants. The inactivation of BRCA2 or PALB2 leads to larger deletions, typically with microhomology, when compared to the disruption of BRCA1, RAD51 paralogs, or RAD54. Comparison with the deletion spectrum of Cas9 cut sites suggests that most spontaneously arising genomic deletions are not the consequence of double-strand breaks. Surprisingly, the inactivation of checkpoint kinases ATM and CHK2 has no mutagenic consequences. Analysis of tumor exomes with biallelic inactivating mutations in the investigated genes confirms the validity of the cell line models. We present a comprehensive analysis of sensitivity of the investigated mutants to 13 therapeutic agents for the purpose of correlating genomic mutagenic phenotypes with drug sensitivity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that no single genomic mutational class shows perfect correlation with sensitivity to common treatments, but the contribution of COSMIC signature 3 to base substitutions, or a combined measure of different features, may be reasonably good at predicting platinum and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Hella Gyergyák
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Eszter Németh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Rusz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Szikriszt
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University Medical School, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Szüts
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudosok krt 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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11
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Cruz C, Llop-Guevara A, Garber JE, Arun BK, Pérez Fidalgo JA, Lluch A, Telli ML, Fernández C, Kahatt C, Galmarini CM, Soto-Matos A, Alfaro V, Pérez de la Haza A, Domchek SM, Antolin S, Vahdat L, Tung NM, Lopez R, Arribas J, Vivancos A, Baselga J, Serra V, Balmaña J, Isakoff SJ. Multicenter Phase II Study of Lurbinectedin in BRCA-Mutated and Unselected Metastatic Advanced Breast Cancer and Biomarker Assessment Substudy. J Clin Oncol 2018. [PMID: 30240327 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.6558.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This multicenter phase II trial evaluated lurbinectedin (PM01183), a selective inhibitor of active transcription of protein-coding genes, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A unicenter translational substudy assessed potential mechanisms of lurbinectedin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two arms were evaluated according to germline BRCA1/2 status: BRCA1/2 mutated (arm A; n = 54) and unselected ( BRCA1/2 wild-type or unknown status; arm B; n = 35). Lurbinectedin starting dose was a 7-mg flat dose and later, 3.5 mg/m2 in arm A. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The translational substudy of resistance mechanisms included exome sequencing (n = 13) and in vivo experiments with patient-derived xenografts (n = 11) from BRCA1/2-mutated tumors. RESULTS ORR was 41% (95% CI, 28% to 55%) in arm A and 9% (95% CI, 2% to 24%) in arm B. In arm A, median progression-free survival was 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 6.0 months), and median overall survival was 20.0 months (95% CI, 11.8 to 26.6 months). Patients with BRCA2 mutations showed an ORR of 61%, median progression-free survival of 5.9 months, and median overall survival of 26.6 months. The safety profile improved with lurbinectedin dose adjustment to body surface area. The most common nonhematologic adverse events seen at 3.5 mg/m2 were nausea (74%; grade 3, 5%) and fatigue (74%; grade 3, 21%). Neutropenia was the most common severe hematologic adverse event (grade 3, 47%; grade 4, 10%). Exome sequencing showed mutations in genes related to the nucleotide excision repair pathway in four of seven tumors at primary or acquired resistance and in one patient with short-term stable disease. In vivo, sensitivity to cisplatin and lurbinectedin was evidenced in lurbinectedin-resistant (one of two) and cisplatin-resistant (two of three) patient-derived xenografts. CONCLUSION Lurbinectedin showed noteworthy activity in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. Response and survival was notable in those with BRCA2 mutations. Additional clinical development in this subset of patients with metastatic breast cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cruz
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Judy E Garber
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Banu K Arun
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - José A Pérez Fidalgo
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ana Lluch
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Melinda L Telli
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cristian Fernández
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carmen Kahatt
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carlos M Galmarini
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Arturo Soto-Matos
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Vicente Alfaro
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aitor Pérez de la Haza
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Silvia Antolin
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Linda Vahdat
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nadine M Tung
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rafael Lopez
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - José Baselga
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Violeta Serra
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Cruz C, Llop-Guevara A, Garber JE, Arun BK, Pérez Fidalgo JA, Lluch A, Telli ML, Fernández C, Kahatt C, Galmarini CM, Soto-Matos A, Alfaro V, Pérez de la Haza A, Domchek SM, Antolin S, Vahdat L, Tung NM, Lopez R, Arribas J, Vivancos A, Baselga J, Serra V, Balmaña J, Isakoff SJ. Multicenter Phase II Study of Lurbinectedin in BRCA-Mutated and Unselected Metastatic Advanced Breast Cancer and Biomarker Assessment Substudy. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:3134-3143. [PMID: 30240327 PMCID: PMC6209089 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.6558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This multicenter phase II trial evaluated lurbinectedin (PM01183), a selective inhibitor of active transcription of protein-coding genes, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A unicenter translational substudy assessed potential mechanisms of lurbinectedin resistance. Patients and Methods Two arms were evaluated according to germline BRCA1/2 status: BRCA1/2 mutated (arm A; n = 54) and unselected (BRCA1/2 wild-type or unknown status; arm B; n = 35). Lurbinectedin starting dose was a 7-mg flat dose and later, 3.5 mg/m2 in arm A. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The translational substudy of resistance mechanisms included exome sequencing (n = 13) and in vivo experiments with patient-derived xenografts (n = 11) from BRCA1/2-mutated tumors. Results ORR was 41% (95% CI, 28% to 55%) in arm A and 9% (95% CI, 2% to 24%) in arm B. In arm A, median progression-free survival was 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 6.0 months), and median overall survival was 20.0 months (95% CI, 11.8 to 26.6 months). Patients with BRCA2 mutations showed an ORR of 61%, median progression-free survival of 5.9 months, and median overall survival of 26.6 months. The safety profile improved with lurbinectedin dose adjustment to body surface area. The most common nonhematologic adverse events seen at 3.5 mg/m2 were nausea (74%; grade 3, 5%) and fatigue (74%; grade 3, 21%). Neutropenia was the most common severe hematologic adverse event (grade 3, 47%; grade 4, 10%). Exome sequencing showed mutations in genes related to the nucleotide excision repair pathway in four of seven tumors at primary or acquired resistance and in one patient with short-term stable disease. In vivo, sensitivity to cisplatin and lurbinectedin was evidenced in lurbinectedin-resistant (one of two) and cisplatin-resistant (two of three) patient-derived xenografts. Conclusion Lurbinectedin showed noteworthy activity in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. Response and survival was notable in those with BRCA2 mutations. Additional clinical development in this subset of patients with metastatic breast cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cruz
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Judy E Garber
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Banu K Arun
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - José A Pérez Fidalgo
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ana Lluch
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Melinda L Telli
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cristian Fernández
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carmen Kahatt
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carlos M Galmarini
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Arturo Soto-Matos
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Vicente Alfaro
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aitor Pérez de la Haza
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Silvia Antolin
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Linda Vahdat
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nadine M Tung
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rafael Lopez
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - José Baselga
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Violeta Serra
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Cristina Cruz and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Hospital; Cristina Cruz, Alba Llop-Guevara, Joaquín Arribas, Ana Vivancos, Violeta Serra, and Judith Balmaña, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology; José A. Pérez Fidalgo, Ana Lluch, Joaquín Arribas, and Violeta Serra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Joaquín Arribas, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; José A. Pérez Fidalgo and Ana Lluch, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Cristian Fernández, Carmen Kahatt, Carlos M. Galmarini, Arturo Soto-Matos, Vicente Alfaro, and Aitor Pérez de la Haza, PharmaMar, Madrid; Silvia Antolin, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario La Coruña, La Coruña; Rafael Lopez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Judy E. Garber, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Nadine M. Tung, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; José Baselga and Steven J. Isakoff, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Banu K. Arun, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Melinda L. Telli, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Susan M. Domchek, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Linda Vahdat, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Zhang Y, Cong L, He J, Wang Y, Zou Y, Yang Z, Hu Y, Zhang S, He X. Photothermal treatment with EGFRmAb-AuNPs induces apoptosis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and DNA damage response pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:567-578. [PMID: 29718150 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract. Currently, there are no effective treatments for HC. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a promising tool that can be used for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT), which refers to the use of electromagnetic radiation, most often in near infrared (NIR) region, for the treatment of various medical conditions including cancer. AuNPs have been proved to be a promising tool for NIR spectroscopy-mediated photothermal therapies. In this study, we chemically conjugated AuNPs with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cell-surface receptor that is overexpressed in many cancers. We then assessed the effect of NIR photothermal treatment with the EGFRmAb-AuNPs in FaDu HC cells. Our data showed that nanoparticle conjugation with the EGFRmAb improved the specific targeting towards FaDu cells and reduced cytotoxicity towards normal (293 T) cells which do not overexpress the EGFR. A significant amount of our EGFRmAb-conjugated AuNPs could enter the nucleus. Moreover, the expression levels of double strand DNA break repair proteins, including p-ATR, p-CHK1, and p-CHK2 were increased following AuNPs treatment, indicating the presence of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the AuNPs can potentially disrupt genome integrity and induce apoptosis. In addition, EGFRmAb-AuNPs+NIR could induce FaDu cell apoptosis, accompanied by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulation of DNA damage response. Based on these data, PPTT using the EGFRmAb-AuNPs could be a new promising treatment for HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linhai Cong
- Department of ENT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jiayan He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaoguang He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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Watters DJ. Ascidian Toxins with Potential for Drug Development. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E162. [PMID: 29757250 PMCID: PMC5983293 DOI: 10.3390/md16050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians (tunicates) are invertebrate chordates, and prolific producers of a wide variety of biologically active secondary metabolites from cyclic peptides to aromatic alkaloids. Several of these compounds have properties which make them candidates for potential new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer. Many of these natural products are not produced by the ascidians themselves, rather by their associated symbionts. This review will focus mainly on the mechanism of action of important classes of cytotoxic molecules isolated from ascidians. These toxins affect DNA transcription, protein translation, drug efflux pumps, signaling pathways and the cytoskeleton. Two ascidian compounds have already found applications in the treatment of cancer and others are being investigated for their potential in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne J Watters
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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15
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Liu X, Chen H, Xu X, Ye M, Cao H, Xu L, Hou Y, Tang J, Zhou D, Bai Y, Ma X. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor knockdown enhances radiosensitivity via the HIF-1α pathway and attenuates ATM/H2AX/53BP1 DNA repair activation in human lung squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1332-1340. [PMID: 30061953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a cell membrane receptor involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present study aimed to observe the influence of IGF-1R silencing on the radiosensitivity of SCC and investigate the potential mechanisms involved. Human lung SCC H520 cells with relatively high expression of IGF-1R were used. IGF-1R expression was silenced using short hairpin RNA. The influence of IGF-1R silencing on radiosensitivity and apoptosis was assessed using a clone formation assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins relevant in DNA damage repair and hypoxic signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. Decreased expression of IGF-1R led to an increase in the sensitivity of H520 cells to irradiation. Molecular analysis showed that the reduced expression of IGF-1R decreased the protein expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), H2A histone family member X (H2AX) and p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), which are associated with the DNA repair pathway. Furthermore, 53BP1 is also known to be involved in apoptosis. Proteins involved in the hypoxic pathway, including hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were also involved in the radiosensitivity. In conclusion, decreased expression of IGF-1R leads to improved radiosensitivity of SCC cells, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the decreased expression of proteins involved in ATM/H2AX/53BP1 DNA damage repair and the HIF-1α/MMP-9 hypoxic pathway, which results in the induction of apoptosis and increased radiosensitivity. These findings suggest that targeting of IGF-1R may represent a novel approach for lung SCC radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Anomalies de la réparation de l’ADN et cancers gynécologiques. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:971-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Carrassa L, Damia G. DNA damage response inhibitors: Mechanisms and potential applications in cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:139-151. [PMID: 28961555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade the unravelling of the molecular mechanisms of the DNA damage response pathways and of the genomic landscape of human tumors have paved the road to new therapeutic approaches in oncology. It is now clear that tumors harbour defects in different DNA damage response steps, mainly signalling and repair, rendering them more dependent on the remaining pathways. We here focus on the proteins ATM, ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, reviewing their roles in the DNA damage response and as targets in cancer therapy. In the last decade specific inhibitors of these proteins have been designed, and their potential antineoplastic activity has been explored both in monotherapy strategies against tumors with specific defects (synthetic lethality approach) and in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic or molecular targeted agents. The preclinical and clinical evidence of antitumor activity of these inhibitors emanating from these research efforts will be critically reviewed. Lastly, the potential therapeutic feasibility of combining together such inhibitors with the aim to target particular subsets of tumors will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
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Ghouadni A, Delaloge S, Lardelli P, Kahatt C, Byrski T, Blum JL, Gonçalves A, Campone M, Nieto A, Alfaro V, Cullell-Young M, Lubinski J. Higher antitumor activity of trabectedin in germline BRCA2 carriers with advanced breast cancer as compared to BRCA1 carriers: A subset analysis of a dedicated phase II trial. Breast 2017; 34:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The proven activity of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA-mutated homologous recombination deficient (HRD) ovarian cancer has led to the availability to patients with ovarian cancer of the first targeted therapy with an associated predictive biomarker. Our focus has recently turned towards expanding the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutated ovarian cancer, and to a search for novel targets within DNA damage response (DDR). RECENT FINDINGS Early trials in unselected patients with ovarian cancer showed responses to PARP inhibition in BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer, and recent genomic studies have demonstrated that germline or somatic aberrations in other homologous recombination genes are present in a significant proportion of ovarian cancers. In addition, PARP inhibition may be of value in molecularly defined subsets of endometrial or cervical cancers. Novel DDR inhibitors such as ATR, ATM, WEE1 or DNA-PK inhibitors are also being tested in patients. Finally, combinatorial strategies of DDR inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors or immunotherapies may further increase therapeutic efficacy. SUMMARY In the future, patients with gynaecological malignancies may be rationally selected for PARP inhibition on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of homologous recombination genomic alterations, or HRD assays. Furthermore, novel DDR inhibitors have the potential to expand the repertoire of therapeutic options available to these patients.
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Wei J, Zhang L, Ren L, Zhang J, Liu J, Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Peng C, Zhou X, Sun Z. Endosulfan induces cell dysfunction through cycle arrest resulting from DNA damage and DNA damage response signaling pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 589:97-106. [PMID: 28273598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that endosulfan increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. To identify toxic mechanism of endosulfan, we conducted an animal study for which 32 male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: Control group (corn oil only) and three treatment groups (1, 5 and 10mgkg-1·d-1). The results showed that exposure to endosulfan resulted in injury of cardiac tissue with impaired mitochondria integrity and elevated 8-OHdG expression in myocardial cells. Moreover, endosulfan increased the expressions of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8, Cleaved Caspase-8, Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 in cardiac tissue. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of endosulfan (1, 6 and 12μgmL-1) for 24h. An inhibitor for Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein (ATM) (Ku-55933, 10μM) was added in 12μgmL-1 group for 2h before exposure to endosulfan. Results showed that endosulfan induced DNA damage and activated DNA damage response signaling pathway (ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1) and consequent cell cycle checkpoint. Furthermore, endosulfan promoted the cell apoptosis through death receptor pathway resulting from oxidative stress. The results provide a new insight for mechanism of endosulfan-induced cardiovascular toxicity which will be helpful in future prevention of cardiovascular diseases induced by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiu Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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21
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Herrero AB, Gutiérrez NC. Targeting Ongoing DNA Damage in Multiple Myeloma: Effects of DNA Damage Response Inhibitors on Plasma Cell Survival. Front Oncol 2017; 7:98. [PMID: 28580318 PMCID: PMC5437203 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and a subset of myeloma patients with poor prognosis exhibit high levels of replication stress (RS), leading to DNA damage. In this study, we confirmed the presence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in several HMCLs by measuring γH2AX and RAD51 foci and analyzed the effect of various inhibitors of the DNA damage response on MM cell survival. Inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), the main kinase mediating the response to RS, using the specific inhibitor VE-821 induced more cell death in HMCLs than in control lymphoblastoid cells and U266, an HMCL with a low level of DNA damage. The absence of ATR was partially compensated by ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM), since chemical inhibition of both kinases using VE-821 and KU-55933 significantly increased the death of MM cells with DNA damage. We found that ATM and ATR are involved in DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR) in MM. Inhibition of both kinases resulted in a stronger inhibition that may underlie cell death induction, since abolition of HR using two different inhibitors severely reduced survival of HMCLs that exhibit DNA damage. On the other hand, inhibition of the other route involved in DSB repair, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), using the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441, did not affect MM cell viability. Interestingly, we found that NHEJ inhibition did not increase cell death when HR was simultaneously inhibited with the RAD51 inhibitor B02, but it clearly increased the level of cell death when HR was inhibited with the MRE11 inhibitor mirin, which interferes with recombination before DNA resection takes place. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that MM cells with ongoing DNA damage rely on an intact HR pathway, which thereby suggests therapeutic opportunities. We also show that inhibition of HR after the initial step of end resection might be more appropriate for inducing MM cell death, since it prevents the occurrence of a compensatory NHEJ repair mechanism. These preclinical observations provide the rationale for its clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Herrero
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma Carmen Gutiérrez
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Impact on Autophagy and Ultraviolet B Induced Responses of Treatment with the MTOR Inhibitors Rapamycin, Everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242 in Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5930639. [PMID: 28400912 PMCID: PMC5376460 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5930639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of Rapamycin (MTOR) protein is a crucial signaling regulator in mammalian cells that is extensively involved in cellular biology. The function of MTOR signaling in keratinocytes remains unclear. In this study, we detected the MTOR signaling and autophagy response in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocytes treated with MTOR inhibitors. Moreover, we detected the impact of MTOR inhibitors on keratinocytes exposed to the common carcinogenic stressors ultraviolet B (UVB) and UVA radiation. As a result, keratinocytes were sensitive to the MTOR inhibitors Rapamycin, everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242, but the regulation of MTOR downstream signaling was distinct. Next, autophagy induction only was observed in HaCaT cells treated with Rapamycin. Furthermore, we found that MTOR signaling was insensitive to UVB but sensitive to UVA radiation. UVB treatment also had no impact on the inhibition of MTOR signaling by MTOR inhibitors. Finally, MTOR inhibition by Rapamycin, everolimus, or pp242 did not affect the series of biological events in keratinocytes exposed to UVB, including the downregulation of BiP and PERK, activation of Histone H2A and JNK, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Our study demonstrated that MTOR inhibition in keratinocytes cannot always induce autophagy, and the MTOR pathway does not play a central role in the UVB triggered cellular response.
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Dong ZY, Zhong WZ, Zhang XC, Su J, Xie Z, Liu SY, Tu HY, Chen HJ, Sun YL, Zhou Q, Yang JJ, Yang XN, Lin JX, Yan HH, Zhai HR, Yan LX, Liao RQ, Wu SP, Wu YL. Potential Predictive Value of TP53 and KRAS Mutation Status for Response to PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3012-3024. [PMID: 28039262 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although clinical studies have shown promise for targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the factors that predict which subtype patients will be responsive to checkpoint blockade are not fully understood.Experimental Design: We performed an integrated analysis on the multiple-dimensional data types including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data from cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma public (discovery set) and internal (validation set) database and immunotherapeutic patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to determine potentially relevant gene expression signatures between specific subgroups.Results: We observed that TP53 mutation significantly increased expression of immune checkpoints and activated T-effector and interferon-γ signature. More importantly, the TP53/KRAS comutated subgroup manifested exclusive increased expression of PD-L1 and a highest proportion of PD-L1+/CD8A+ Meanwhile, TP53- or KRAS-mutated tumors showed prominently increased mutation burden and specifically enriched in the transversion-high (TH) cohort. Further analysis focused on the potential molecular mechanism revealed that TP53 or KRAS mutation altered a group of genes involved in cell-cycle regulating, DNA replication and damage repair. Finally, immunotherapeutic analysis from public clinical trial and prospective observation in our center were further confirmed that TP53 or KRAS mutation patients, especially those with co-occurring TP53/KRAS mutations, showed remarkable clinical benefit to PD-1 inhibitors.Conclusions: This work provides evidence that TP53 and KRAS mutation in lung adenocarcinoma may be served as a pair of potential predictive factors in guiding anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3012-24. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Dong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lin
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhai
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Qiang Liao
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Pei Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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