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DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission Regulates Lung Epithelial Response to Allergen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011125. [PMID: 34681784 PMCID: PMC8540036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate a myriad of cellular functions. Dysregulation of mitochondrial control within airway epithelial cells has been implicated in the pro-inflammatory response to allergens in asthma patients. Because of their multifaceted nature, mitochondrial structure must be tightly regulated through fission and fusion. Dynamin Related Protein 1 (DRP1) is a key driver of mitochondrial fission. During allergic asthma, airway epithelial mitochondria appear smaller and structurally altered. The role of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission, however, has not been fully elucidated in epithelial response to allergens. We used a Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell line (HBECs), primary Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cells (MTECs), and conditional DRP1 ablation in lung epithelial cells to investigate the impact of mitochondrial fission on the pro-inflammatory response to house dust mite (HDM) in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that, following HDM challenge, mitochondrial fission is rapidly upregulated in airway epithelial cells and precedes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Further, deletion of Drp1 in lung epithelial cells leads to decreased fission and enhanced pro-inflammatory signaling in response to HDM in vitro, as well as enhanced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, differential mucin transcription, and epithelial cell death in vivo. Mitochondrial fission, therefore, regulates the lung epithelial pro-inflammatory response to HDM.
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Tetsuo F, Arioka M, Miura K, Kai M, Kubo M, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Nishimura F, Sasaguri T. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 suppresses cyclin D1-induced cell proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by inhibiting S6K-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 synthesis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3761-3772. [PMID: 31553107 PMCID: PMC6890445 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various mammalian cells by unknown means, although some possible mechanisms of its action have been proposed, including the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Here, we report an alternative mechanism underlying the action of DIF-1 in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, on which the effects of DIF-1 have not been examined previously. Intragastric administration of DIF-1 reduced the tumor growth from MCF-7 cells injected into a mammary fat pad of nude mice, without causing adverse effects. In cultured MCF-7, DIF-1 arrested the cell cycle in G0 /G1 phase and suppressed cyclin D1 expression, consistent with our previous results obtained in other cell species. However, DIF-1 did not inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3. Investigating an alternative mechanism for the reduction of cyclin D1, we found that DIF-1 reduced the protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 suppressed cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation and the overexpression of STAT3 enhanced cyclin D1 expression and accelerated proliferation. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 did not reduce STAT3 mRNA or reduce STAT3 protein in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting that DIF-1 inhibited STAT3 protein synthesis. Seeking its mechanism, we revealed that DIF-1 inhibited the activation of 70 kDa and/or 85 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K /p85S6K ). Inhibition of p70S6K /p85S6K by rapamycin also reduced the expressions of STAT3 and cyclin D1. Therefore, DIF-1 suppresses MCF-7 proliferation by inhibiting p70S6K /p85S6K activity and STAT3 protein synthesis followed by reduction of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Tetsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misato Kai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Momoko Kubo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Department of Molecular and Materials Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Department of Molecular and Materials Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Martins TP, Rouger C, Glasser NR, Freitas S, de Fraissinette NB, Balskus EP, Tasdemir D, Leão PN. Chemistry, bioactivity and biosynthesis of cyanobacterial alkylresorcinols. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1437-1461. [PMID: 30702733 PMCID: PMC6836626 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019 Alkylresorcinols are amphiphilic metabolites, well-known for their diverse biological activities, produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A few classes of alkylresorcinol scaffolds have been reported from the photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, ranging from the relatively simple hierridins to the more intricate cylindrocyclophanes. Recently, it has emerged that cyanobacteria employ two different biosynthetic pathways to produce unique alkylresorcinol scaffolds. However, these convergent pathways intersect by sharing biosynthetic elements which lead to common structural motifs. To obtain a broader view of the biochemical diversity of these compounds in cyanobacteria, we comprehensively cover the isolation, structure, biological activity and biosynthesis of their mono- and dialkylresorcinols. Moreover, we provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of alkylresorcinol-generating biosynthetic gene clusters in this phylum and highlight opportunities for discovery of novel alkylresorcinol scaffolds. Because some of these molecules have inspired notable syntheses, different approaches used to build these molecules in the laboratory are showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P. Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Caroline Rouger
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Nathaniel R. Glasser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Sara Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Nelly B. de Fraissinette
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
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Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H. Dictyostelium: An Important Source of Structural and Functional Diversity in Drug Discovery. Cells 2018; 8:E6. [PMID: 30583484 PMCID: PMC6356392 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model organism for the study of cell and developmental biology because of its simple life cycle and ease of use. Recent findings suggest that Dictyostelium and possibly other genera of cellular slime molds, are potential sources of novel lead compounds for pharmacological and medical research. In this review, we present supporting evidence that cellular slime molds are an untapped source of lead compounds by examining the discovery and functions of polyketide differentiation-inducing factor-1, a compound that was originally isolated as an inducer of stalk-cell differentiation in D. discoideum and, together with its derivatives, is now a promising lead compound for drug discovery in several areas. We also review other novel compounds, including secondary metabolites, that have been isolated from cellular slime molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Xie LL, Shi F, Tan Z, Li Y, Bode AM, Cao Y. Mitochondrial network structure homeostasis and cell death. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3686-3694. [PMID: 30312515 PMCID: PMC6272111 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major cellular energy‐producing organelles and intracellular source of reactive oxygen species. These organelles are responsible for driving cell life and death through mitochondrial network structure homeostasis, which is determined by a balance of fission and fusion. Recent advances revealed that a number of components of the fission and fusion machinery, including dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin1/2 (Mfn1/2) and Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), that have been implicated in mitochondrial shape changes are indispensible for autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis. Drp1 is the main regulator of mitochondrial fission and has become a key point of contention. The controversy focuses on whether Drp1 is directly involved in the regulation of cell death and, if involved, whether is it a stimulator or a negative regulator of cell death. Here, we examine the relevance of the homeostasis of the mitochondrial network structure in 3 different types of cell death, including autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis. Furthermore, a variety of cancers often exhibit a fragmented mitochondrial phenotype. Thus, the fragmented ratio can reflect tumor progression that predicts prognosis and therapeutic response. In addition, we investigate whether the targeting of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 could be a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies to Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha Human Province, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies to Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha Human Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies to Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha Human Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies to Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha Human Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies to Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha Human Province, Changsha, China
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Bialik S, Dasari SK, Kimchi A. Autophagy-dependent cell death – where, how and why a cell eats itself to death. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/18/jcs215152. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Autophagy as a means of cell killing was first advanced by Clark's phenotypic description of ‘Type II autophagic cell death’ in 1990. However, this phenomenon later came into question, because the presence of autophagosomes in dying cells does not necessarily signify that autophagy is the cause of demise, but rather may reflect the efforts of the cell to prevent it. Resolution of this issue comes from a more careful definition of autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) as a regulated cell death that is shown experimentally to require different components of the autophagy machinery without involvement of alternative cell death pathways. Following these strict criteria, ADCD has been validated in both lower model organisms and mammalian cells, highlighting its importance for developmental and pathophysiological cell death. Recently, researchers have defined additional morphological criteria that characterize ADCD and begun to explore how the established, well-studied autophagy pathway is subverted from a survival to a death function. This Review explores validated models of ADCD and focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms by which autophagy can kill a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Bialik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Santosh K. Dasari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Hu XF, Wang L, Xiang G, Lei W, Feng YF. Angiogenesis impairment by the NADPH oxidase-triggered oxidative stress at the bone-implant interface: Critical mechanisms and therapeutic targets for implant failure under hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:470-487. [PMID: 29649637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism underlying the diabetes-induced poor osteointegration of implants remains elusive, making it a challenge to develop corresponding solutions. Here, we studied the role of angiogenesis in the diabetes-induced poor bone repair at the bone-implant interface (BII) and the related mechanisms. In vivo, titanium screws were implanted in the femurs of mice, and, in vitro, vascular endothelial cell (VEC) was cultured on titanium surface. Results showed that, compared with normal milieu (NM), diabetic milieu (DM) led to angiogenesis inhibition around implants which resulted in reduced osteoprogenitors and poor bone formation on BII in vivo. In vitro, DM caused significant increase of NADPH oxidases (NOX), dysfunction of mitochondria and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VEC on titanium surface, inducing obvious cell dysfunction. Both Mito-TEMPO (Mito, a mitochondria-targeted ROS antagonist) and apocynin (APO, a NOX inhibitor) effectively attenuated the oxidative stress and dysfunction of VEC, with the beneficial effects of APO significantly better than those of Mito. Further study showed that the diabetes-induced metabolic disturbance of VEC was significantly related to the increase of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) at the BII. Our results suggested that the AGEs-related and NOX-triggered cellular oxidative stress leads to VEC dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment at the BII, which plays a critical role in the compromised implant osteointegration under diabetic conditions. These demonstrated new insights into the BII in pathological states and also provided NOX and AGEs as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel implant materials to accelerate the angiogenesis and osteointegration of implants in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The high failure rate of bone implants in diabetic patients causes patients terrible pain and limits the clinical application of implant materials. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon needs elucidation so that it would be possible to develop corresponding solutions. Our study demonstrated that the AGEs-related and NOX-triggered oxidative stress of VEC leads to angiogenesis impairment at the bone-implant interface (BII) in diabetes. These are critical mechanisms underlying the compromised implant osteointegration in diabetic hyperglycemia. These provide new insights into the BII in diseased states and also suggest NOX and AGEs as crucial therapeutic targets for developing novel implant materials which could modulate the oxidative stress on BII to get improved osteointegration and reduced implant failure, especially in diabetic patients.
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8
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Martínez-Torres AC, Reyes-Ruiz A, Benítez-Londoño M, Franco-Molina MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent regulated cell death in HeLa cells through reactive oxygen species production. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29298674 PMCID: PMC5753472 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated cell death (RCD) is a mechanism by which the cell activates its own machinery to self-destruct. RCD is important for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is involved in diseases such as cervical cancer. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (I-CRP) is a dialyzable bovine leukocyte extract that contains transfer factors and acts as an immunomodulator, and can be cytotoxic to cancer cell lines and reduce tumor burden in vivo. Although I-CRP has shown to improve or modulate immune response in inflammation, infectious diseases and cancer, its widespread use has been limited by the absence of conclusive data on the molecular mechanism of its action. METHODS In this study we analyzed the mechanism by which I-CRP induces cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. We assessed cell viability, cell death, cell cycle, nuclear morphology and DNA integrity, caspase dependence and activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species production. RESULTS I-CRP diminishes cell viability in HeLa cells through a RCD pathway and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. We show that the I-CRP induces caspase activation but cell death induction is independent of caspases, as observed by the use of a pan-caspase inhibitor, which blocked caspase activity but not cell death. Moreover, we show that I-CRP induces DNA alterations, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and production of reactive-oxygen species. Finally, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, prevented both ROS generation and cell death induced by I-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that I-CRP treatment induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, mitochondrial damage, and ROS-mediated caspase-independent cell death in HeLa cells. This work opens the way to the elucidation of a more detailed cell death pathway that could potentially work in conjunction with caspase-dependent cell death induced by classical chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Reyes-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Milena Benítez-Londoño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Moises Armides Franco-Molina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
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The mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and immune-surveillance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Hu XF, Wang L, Lu YZ, Xiang G, Wu ZX, Yan YB, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zang Y, Shi L, Lei W, Feng YF. Adiponectin improves the osteointegration of titanium implant under diabetic conditions by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction via the AMPK pathway in vivo and in vitro. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28624657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would result in compromised osteointegration of titanium implant (TI) and high rate of implant failure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Adiponectin (APN) is a fat-derived adipocytokine with strong antioxidant, mitochondrial-protective and anti-diabetic efficacies. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction under diabetes may account for the oxidative stress in osteoblasts and titanium-bone interface (TBI) instability, which could be ameliorated by APN. To test this hypothesis, we incubated primary rat osteoblasts on TI and tested the cellular behaviors when subjected to normal milieu (NM), diabetic milieu (DM), DM+APN, DM+AICAR (AMPK activator) and DM+APN+Compound C (AMPK inhibitor). In vivo, APN or APN+Compound C were administered to diabetic db/db mice with TI implanted in their femurs. Results showed that diabetes induced structural damage, dysfunction and content decrease of mitochondria in osteoblasts, which led to ROS overproduction, dysfunction and apoptosis of osteoblasts accompanied by the inhibition of AMPK signaling. APN alleviated the mitochondrial damage by activating AMPK, thus reversing osteoblast impairment and improving the osteointegration of TI evidenced by Micro-CT and histological analysis. Furthermore, AICAR showed beneficial effects similar to APN treatment, while the protective effects of APN were abolished when AMPK activation was blocked by Compound C. This study clarifies mitochondrial dysfunction as a crucial mechanism in the impaired bone healing and implant loosening in diabetes, and provides APN as a novel promising active component for biomaterial-engineering to improve clinical performance of TI in diabetic patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The loosening rate of titanium implants in diabetic patients is high. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive and, with the rapid increase of diabetic morbility, efficacious strategies to mitigate this problem have become increasingly important. Our study showed that the mitochondrial impairment and the consequent oxidative stress in osteoblasts at the titanium-bone interface (TBI) play a critical role in the diabetes-induced poor bone repair and implant destabilization, which could become therapeutic targets. Furthermore, adiponectin, a cytokine, promotes the bio-functional recovery of osteoblasts and bone regeneration at the TBI in diabetes. This provides APN as a novel bioactive component used in material-engineering to promote the osteointegration of implants, which could reduce implant failure, especially for diabetic patients.
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Wu H, Wang Y, Wu C, Yang P, Li H, Li Z. Resveratrol Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis through MiR-326/PKM2-Mediated ER Stress and Mitochondrial Fission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9356-9367. [PMID: 27960279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res), a natural phytoalexin found in a variety of plants, has significant antitumor activity. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has abnormally high expression in various tumor cells, and it has been implicated in the survival of tumors. However, whether and how Res inhibits PKM2 expression is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that treatment with Res inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. The IC50 values of Res against DLD1, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells were 75 ± 4.54, 50 ± 3.65, and 50 ± 3.32 μM, respectively. To elucidate mechanisms underlying its antitumor activities, serial experiments were performed. Results showed that reduction of PKM2 expression in tumor cells by Res treatment increased the expression of ER stress and mitochondrial fission proteins but reduced cell viability and the levels of fusion proteins. These phenomena were reversed by artificial overexpression of PKM2. Quantitative analyses showed that the expression of microRNA-326 (miR-326) was increased upon Res treatment. Treatment with the miR-326 mimic reduced PKM2 expression, promoting recovery from ER stress and mitochondrial fission. Overall, these results demonstrate that miR-326/PKM2-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction participate in apoptosis induced by Res. These results provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which Res suppresses tumors and further support for the use of Res as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
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