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Sadeghi M, Moslehi A, Kheiry H, Kiani FK, Zarei A, Khodakarami A, Karpisheh V, Masjedi A, Rahnama B, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Raeisi M, Yousefi M, Movasaghpour Akbari AA, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to cytarabine is increased by suppressing the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38918761 PMCID: PMC11197338 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignancy Often resistant to common chemotherapy regimens (Cytarabine (Ara-c) + Daunorubicin (DNR)), is accompanied by frequent relapses. Many factors are involved in causing chemoresistance. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) are two of the most well-known genes, reported to be overexpressed in AML and promote resistance against chemotherapy according to several studies. The main chemotherapy agent used for AML treatment is Ara-c. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of HO-1 and HIF-1α could sensitize AML cells to Ara-c. METHOD In this study, we used our recently developed, Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) - Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Dextran (CCMD) - Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) - Nanoparticles (NPs), to deliver Ara-c along with siRNA molecules against the HO-1 and HIF-1α genes to AML primary cells (ex vivo) and cell lines including THP-1, KG-1, and HL-60 (in vitro). Subsequently, the effect of the single or combinational treatment on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation was evaluated. RESULTS The designed NPs had a high potential in transfecting cells with siRNAs and drug. The results demonstrated that treatment of cells with Ara-c elevated the generation of ROS in the cells while decreasing the proliferation potential. Following the silencing of HO-1, the rate of apoptosis and ROS generation in response to Ara-c increased significantly. While proliferation and growth inhibition were considerably evident in HIF-1α-siRNA-transfected-AML cells compared to cells treated with free Ara-c. We found that the co-inhibition of genes could further sensitize AML cells to Ara-c treatment. CONCLUSIONS As far as we are aware, this study is the first to simultaneously inhibit the HO-1 and HIF-1α genes in AML using NPs. It can be concluded that HO-1 causes chemoresistance by protecting cells from ROS damage. Whereas, HIF-1α mostly exerts prolific and direct anti-apoptotic effects. These findings imply that simultaneous inhibition of HO-1 and HIF-1α can overcome Ara-c resistance and help improve the prognosis of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Moslehi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Kheiry
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Karoon Kiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asieh Zarei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khodakarami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Badrossadat Rahnama
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dreute J, Pfisterer M, Schmitz ML. A reductionist perspective on HIF-1α's role in cell proliferation under non-hypoxic conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119683. [PMID: 38301905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in the control of proliferation under non-hypoxic conditions has been investigated in numerous studies, but does not yield a coherent picture. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of existing literature to systematically evaluate the role of HIF-1α, based on a number of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies analyzing non-transformed, primary cells showed a largely heterogeneous distribution of pro-proliferative, anti-proliferative or absent functions for HIF-1α, which are co-determined by several parameters, including the type and age of the cell and its localization in tissues and organs. In contrast, the analyses of tumor cells showed a predominantly pro-proliferative role of HIF-1α by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic molecular mechanism not yet understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dreute
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Liu D, Wang L, Ha W, Li K, Shen R, Wang D. HIF-1α: A potential therapeutic opportunity in renal fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110808. [PMID: 37980973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common outcome of various renal injuries, leading to structural destruction and functional decline of the kidney, and is also a critical prognostic indicator and determinant in renal diseases therapy. Hypoxia is induced in different stress and injuries in kidney, and the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are activated in the context of hypoxia in response and regulation the hypoxia in time. Under stress and hypoxia conditions, HIF-1α increases rapidly and regulates intracellular energy metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Through reprogramming cellular metabolism, HIF-1α can directly or indirectly induce abnormal accumulation of metabolites, changes in cellular epigenetic modifications, and activation of fibrotic signals. HIF-1α protein expression and activity are regulated by various posttranslational modifications. The drugs targeting HIF-1α can regulate the downstream cascade signals by inhibiting HIF-1α activity or promoting its degradation. As the renal fibrosis is affected by renal diseases, different diseases may trigger different mechanisms which will affect the therapy effect. Therefore, comprehensive analysis of the role and contribution of HIF-1α in occurrence and progression of renal fibrosis, and determination the appropriate intervention time of HIF-1α in the process of renal fibrosis are important ideas to explore effective treatment strategies. This study reviews the regulation of HIF-1α and its mediated complex cascade reactions in renal fibrosis, and lists some drugs targeting HIF-1α that used in preclinical studies, to provide new insight for the study of the renal fibrosis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Liu
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wuhua Ha
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Kan Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Degui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Minisini M, Cricchi E, Brancolini C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 38276269 PMCID: PMC10821055 DOI: 10.3390/life14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
O2 is essential for the life of eukaryotic cells. The ability to sense oxygen availability and initiate a response to adapt the cell to changes in O2 levels is a fundamental achievement of evolution. The key switch for adaptation consists of the transcription factors HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A. Their levels are tightly controlled by O2 through the involvement of the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs/EGNLs), the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, HIF1A and HIF2A are also under the control of additional post-translational modifications (PTMs) that positively or negatively regulate the activities of these transcription factors. This review focuses mainly on two PTMs of HIF1A and HIF2A: phosphorylation and acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Brancolini
- Lab of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.)
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Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zhu C, Xu G, Xu L, Rao Z, Zhou L, Jiang P, Malik S, Fang J, Lin H, Zhang M. STAT3 palmitoylation initiates a positive feedback loop that promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in mice. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd2282. [PMID: 38051779 PMCID: PMC10907978 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) contributes to the malignancy of many cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor prognosis. STAT3 activity is increased by the reversible palmitoylation of Cys108 by the palmitoyltransferase DHHC7 (encoded by ZDHHC7). Here, we investigated the consequences of S-palmitoylation of STAT3 in HCC. Increased ZDHHC7 abundance in HCC cases was associated with poor prognosis, as revealed by bioinformatics analysis of patient data. In HepG2 cells in vitro, DHHC7-mediated palmitoylation enhanced the expression of STAT3 target genes, including HIF1A, which encodes the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1α. Inhibiting DHHC7 decreased the S-palmitoylation of STAT3 and decreased HIF1α abundance. Furthermore, stabilization of HIF1α by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) enabled it to promote the expression of ZDHHC7, which generated a positive feedback loop between DHHC7, STAT3, and HIF1α. Perturbing this loop reduced the growth of HCC cells in vivo. Moreover, DHHC7, STAT3, and HIF1α were all abundant in human HCC tissues. Our study identifies a pathway connecting these proteins that is initiated by S-palmitoylation, which may be broadly applicable to understanding the role of this modification in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zijian Rao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sara Malik
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, United States
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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Wang K, Gao F, Dong S, Ding J, Dong L, Shao C, Wang Z, Qiu X, Wei X, Wang Z, Yang J, Xia Q, Zheng S, Xu X. A novel nomogram for prognosis stratification in salvage liver transplantation: a national-wide study with propensity score matching analysis in China. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2023; 12:854-867. [PMID: 38115922 PMCID: PMC10727818 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Salvage liver transplantation (SLT) has been reported to be an efficient treatment option for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection (LR). However, for recipients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) due to recurrent HCC after LR in China, the selection criteria are not well established. Methods In this study, data from the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) of 4,244 LT performed from January 2015 to December 2019 were examined, including 3,498 primary liver transplantation (PLT) and 746 SLT recipients. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to minimize between-group imbalances. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between PLT and SLT in recipients fulfilling the Milan or Hangzhou criteria were compared based on the multivariate analysis, nomograms were plotted to further classify the SLT group into low- and high-risk groups. Results In this study, the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS and DFS of SLT recipients fulfilling Milan criteria (OS, P=0.01; DFS, P<0.001) or Hangzhou criteria (OS, P=0.03; DFS, P=0.003) were significantly reduced when compared to that of PLT group after PSM analysis. Independent risk factors, including preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor maximum size and tumor total diameter were selected to draw a prognostic nomogram. The low-risk SLT recipients (1-year, 95.34%; 3-year, 84.26%; 5-year, 77.20%) showed a comparable OS with PLT recipients fulfilling Hangzhou criteria (P=0.107). Conclusions An optimal nomogram model for prognosis stratification and clinical decision guidance of SLT was established. The low-risk SLT recipients based on the nomograms showed comparable survival with those fulfilling Hangzhou criteria in PLT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqiang Gao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Siyi Dong
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Ding
- Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Dong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Zhoucheng Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Qiu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
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Nikhil K, Shah K. CDK5: an oncogene or an anti-oncogene: location location location. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:186. [PMID: 37993880 PMCID: PMC10666462 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered various physiological functions of CDK5 in many nonneuronal tissues. Upregulation of CDK5 and/or its activator p35 in neurons promotes healthy neuronal functions, but their overexpression in nonneuronal tissues is causally linked to cancer of many origins. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which CDK5 recruits diverse tissue-specific substrates to elicit distinct phenotypes in sixteen different human cancers. The emerging theme suggests that CDK5's role as an oncogene or anti-oncogene depends upon its subcellular localization. CDK5 mostly acts as an oncogene, but in gastric cancer, it is a tumor suppressor due to its unique nuclear localization. This indicates that CDK5's access to certain nuclear substrates converts it into an anti-oncogenic kinase. While acting as a bonafide oncogene, CDK5 also activates a few cancer-suppressive pathways in some cancers, presumably due to the mislocalization of nuclear substrates in the cytoplasm. Therefore, directing CDK5 to the nucleus or exporting tumor-suppressive nuclear substrates to the cytoplasm may be promising approaches to combat CDK5-induced oncogenicity, analogous to neurotoxicity triggered by nuclear CDK5. Furthermore, while p35 overexpression is oncogenic, hyperactivation of CDK5 by inducing p25 formation results in apoptosis, which could be exploited to selectively kill cancer cells by dialing up CDK5 activity, instead of inhibiting it. CDK5 thus acts as a molecular rheostat, with different activity levels eliciting distinct functional outcomes. Finally, as CDK5's role is defined by its substrates, targeting them individually or in conjunction with CDK5 should create potentially valuable new clinical opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nikhil
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Paul S, Ghosh S, Kumar S. Tumor glycolysis, an essential sweet tooth of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1216-1230. [PMID: 36330953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to meet the immense demand for energy, building blocks, and redox potential. Tumors show glucose-avid and lactate-secreting behavior even in the presence of oxygen, a process known as aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis is the backbone of cancer cell metabolism, and cancer cells have evolved various mechanisms to enhance it. Glucose metabolism is intertwined with other metabolic pathways, making cancer metabolism diverse and heterogeneous, where glycolysis plays a central role. Oncogenic signaling accelerates the metabolic activities of glycolytic enzymes, mainly by enhancing their expression or by post-translational modifications. Aerobic glycolysis ferments glucose into lactate which supports tumor growth and metastasis by various mechanisms. Herein, we focused on tumor glycolysis, especially its interactions with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidation. Further, we describe the role and regulation of key glycolytic enzymes in cancer. We summarize the role of lactate, an end product of glycolysis, in tumor growth, and the metabolic adaptations during metastasis. Lastly, we briefly discuss limitations and future directions to improve our understanding of glucose metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076 Mumbai, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076 Mumbai, India.
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Sano H, Namekata K, Niki M, Semba K, Murao F, Harada T, Mitamura Y. Ocular expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:628-637. [PMID: 34693664 PMCID: PMC9017639 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) phosphorylation mediated by cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is one of the main mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs. In this study, we analyzed the ocular expression and activation of Cdk5 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Materials and Methods The concentrations of PPARγ, Cdk5 and its activating subunit (p35) were determined in the vitreous body of 24 PDR and 63 control eyes by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression levels of PPARγ, Cdk5 and p35 were measured in proliferative neovascular membranes from seven PDR eyes and non‐neovascular epiretinal membranes from five control eyes by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. Results PPARγ, Cdk5 and p35 concentrations in the vitreous body were significantly higher in the PDR group compared with the control group. There was also a positive significant correlation of Cdk5 with PPARγ and p35 in the PDR group. Furthermore, the messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of PPARγ, Cdk5 and p35 in proliferative neovascular membranes were significantly higher in the PDR group compared with the control group. Immunostaining showed increased protein expression levels of PPARγ, Cdk5 and p35 in proliferative neovascular membranes in the PDR group compared with the control group. Conclusions Cdk5 activation is involved in PDR pathogenesis through PPARγ expression, and inhibition of Cdk5‐mediated PPARγ phosphorylation might be a new therapeutic target for treatment of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Niki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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10
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Gao GB, Sun Y, Fang RD, Wang Y, Wang Y, He QY. Post-translational modifications of CDK5 and their biological roles in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:22. [PMID: 35006426 PMCID: PMC8607427 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) have emerged as important regulatory mechanisms that modulate cancer development in patients. Though CDK5 is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, its aberrant expression links to cell proliferation, DNA damage response, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis in cancer. Current studies suggested that, new PTMs on CDK5, including S-nitrosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation, serve as molecular switches to control the kinase activity of CDK5 in the cell. However, a majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we discussed the role of PTMs on CDK5-mediated signaling cascade, and their possible mechanisms of action in malignant tumors, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. On the basis of the newly identified regulatory signaling pathways of CDK5 related to PTMs, researchers have investigated the cancer therapeutic potential of chemical compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and competitive peptides by targeting CDK5 and its PTMs. Results of these preclinical studies demonstrated that targeting PTMs of CDK5 yields promising antitumor effects and that clinical translation of these therapeutic strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Run-Dong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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11
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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12
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The regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) expression by Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246531. [PMID: 33539422 PMCID: PMC7861413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a transcription factor, plays a critical role in adaption to hypoxia, which is a major feature of diseases, including cancer. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is up-regulated in numerous cancers and leads to cancer progression. PDI, a member of the TRX superfamily, regulates the transcriptional activities of several transcription factors. To investigate the mechanisms by which PDI affects the function of HIF-1alpha, the overexpression or knockdown of PDI was performed. The overexpression of PDI decreased HIF-1alpha expression in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, Hep3B, whereas the knockdown of endogenous PDI increased its expression. NH4Cl inhibited the decrease in HIF-1alpha expression by PDI overexpression, suggesting that HIF-1alpha was degraded by the lysosomal pathway. HIF-1alpha is transferred to lysosomal membranes by heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (HSC70). The knockdown of HSC70 abolished the decrease, and PDI facilitated the interaction between HIF-1alpha and HSC70. HIF-1alpha directly interacted with PDI. PDI exists not only in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also in the cytosol. Hypoxia increased cytosolic PDI. We also investigated changes in the redox state of HIF-1alpha using PEG-maleimide, which binds to thiols synthesized from disulfide bonds by reduction. An up-shift in the HIF-1alpha band by the overexpression of PDI was detected, suggesting that PDI formed disulfide bond in HIF-1alpha. HIF-1alpha oxidized by PDI was not degraded in HSC70-knockdown cells, indicating that the formation of disulfide bond in HIF-1alpha was important for decreases in HIF-1alpha expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the regulation of the expression and redox state of HIF-1alpha by PDI. We also demonstrated that PDI formed disulfide bonds in HIF-1alpha 1–245 aa and decreased its expression. In conclusion, the present results showed that PDI is a novel factor regulating HIF-1alpha through lysosome-dependent degradation by changes in its redox state.
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13
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Li X, Huang J, Yu T, Fang X, Lou L, Xin S, Ji L, Jiang F, Lou Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer Through Cdk5-Activated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:545251. [PMID: 33488528 PMCID: PMC7815597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.545251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Growing evidence supports the direct link of Fusobacterium nucleatum with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to date, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of F. nucleatum on the progression of CRC and investigated whether cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in the effect through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Materials and Methods CRC tissues and matched histologically normal specimens were collected from patients who were diagnosed with CRC and underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019. Two human CRC cell lines, including DLD-1 and SW480, were utilized mainly for in vitro mechanistic investigations. Results The abundance of F. nucleatum was significantly greater in CRC tissues than in cancer-free specimens, which was significantly correlated with the progression of CRC. In vitro investigations revealed that F. nucleatum significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum significantly induced the expression of Cdk5 and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, knockdown of Cdk5 significantly abrogated the effects of F. nucleatum on cellular processes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in relation to the progression of CRC. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network involving the direct role of Cdk5 in activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to modulate CRC progression. Thus, in-depth investigations of F. nucleatum-associated molecular pathways may offer valuable insight into the pathogenesis of CRC, which may help further the development of treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiepeng Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liqin Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijun Xin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feizhao Jiang
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Do PA, Lee CH. The Role of CDK5 in Tumours and Tumour Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E101. [PMID: 33396266 PMCID: PMC7795262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which belongs to the protein kinase family, regulates neuronal function but is also associated with cancer development and has been proposed as a target for cancer treatment. Indeed, CDK5 has roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Aberrant CDK5 activation triggers tumour progression in numerous types of cancer. In this review, we summarise the role of CDK5 in cancer and neurons and CDK5 inhibitors. We expect that our review helps researchers to develop CDK5 inhibitors as treatments for refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Phamaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team, and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 100-715, Korea;
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15
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Albanese A, Daly LA, Mennerich D, Kietzmann T, Sée V. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Post-Translational Modifications in Regulating Its Localisation, Stability, and Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E268. [PMID: 33383924 PMCID: PMC7796330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia signalling pathway enables adaptation of cells to decreased oxygen availability. When oxygen becomes limiting, the central transcription factors of the pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), are stabilised and activated to induce the expression of hypoxia-regulated genes, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Whilst hydroxylation has been thoroughly described as the major and canonical modification of the HIF-α subunits, regulating both HIF stability and activity, a range of other post-translational modifications decorating the entire protein play also a crucial role in altering HIF localisation, stability, and activity. These modifications, their conservation throughout evolution, and their effects on HIF-dependent signalling are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Albanese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L697ZB, UK;
| | - Leonard A. Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L697ZB, UK;
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (D.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (D.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Violaine Sée
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L697ZB, UK;
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16
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Papin S, Paganetti P. Emerging Evidences for an Implication of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TAU in Cancer. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110862. [PMID: 33207722 PMCID: PMC7696480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer may appear unrelated illnesses. Yet, epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse correlation between their respective incidences for specific cancers. Possibly explaining these findings, increasing evidence indicates that common molecular pathways are involved, often in opposite manner, in the pathogenesis of both disease families. Genetic mutations in the MAPT gene encoding for TAU protein cause an inherited form of frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder, but also increase the risk of developing cancer. Assigning TAU at the interface between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, two major aging-linked disease families, offers a possible clue for the epidemiological observation inversely correlating these human illnesses. In addition, the expression level of TAU is recognized as a prognostic marker for cancer, as well as a modifier of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Because of its microtubule-binding properties, TAU may interfere with the mechanism of action of taxanes, a class of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to stabilize the microtubule network and impair cell division. Indeed, a low TAU expression is associated to a better response to taxanes. Although TAU main binding partners are microtubules, TAU is able to relocate to subcellular sites devoid of microtubules and is also able to bind to cancer-linked proteins, suggesting a role of TAU in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways associated to oncogenesis. This concept is strengthened by experimental evidence linking TAU to P53 signaling, DNA stability and protection, processes that protect against cancer. This review aims at collecting literature data supporting the association between TAU and cancer. We will first summarize the evidence linking neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, then published data supporting a role of TAU as a modifier of the efficacy of chemotherapies and of the oncogenic process. We will finish by addressing from a mechanistic point of view the role of TAU in de-regulating critical cancer pathways, including the interaction of TAU with cancer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Papin
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Neurosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-811-7250
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17
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Li M, Wei L, Liu PY, Zhang XM, Liu F, Yang F, Hu XS, Mo ZC. Lnc-ATG9B-4 aggravates progress of hepatocellular carcinoma through cell proliferation and migration by upregulating CDK5. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:177-186. [PMID: 33023330 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220963197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs play an important role in the occurrence, invasion, as well as metastasis of various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Long noncoding RNAs can affect the biological functions of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating various genes; however, only a small fraction of molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs have been elucidated. In the present study, lnc AC010973.1 (lnc-ATG9B-4) was first identified by microarray analysis from 8 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and confirmed by quantitative PCR in 176 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We demonstrated that lnc-ATG9B-4 was tightly relative to the tumorous size, TNM stages, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), the tumor capsule, metastasis, degree of differentiation, and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma according to long-term follow-up data. In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, overexpression of lnc-ATG9B-4 promoted proliferation, invasion, as well as migration, while inhibiting lnc-ATG9B-4 by siRNA significantly attenuated the proliferation, invasion, as well as migration. Interestingly, lnc-ATG9B-4 increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which was closely related to the development and chemotherapy sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, our results revealed that lnc-ATG9B-4 suggests an unfavorable prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and facilitates the proliferation, invasion, as well as migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating CDK5. This research suggests that lnc-ATG9B-4 may be a new biomarker for predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma; meanwhile, targeting lnc-ATG9B-4 might serve as a potential strategy for the treatment hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Le Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Pin-Yue Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Fen Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xiang-Shang Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua418000, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
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18
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Jiang X, Wang J, Deng X, Xiong F, Zhang S, Gong Z, Li X, Cao K, Deng H, He Y, Liao Q, Xiang B, Zhou M, Guo C, Zeng Z, Li G, Li X, Xiong W. The role of microenvironment in tumor angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:204. [PMID: 32993787 PMCID: PMC7526376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the continued survival and development of tumor cells, and plays an important role in their growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment—composed of tumor cells, surrounding cells, and secreted cytokines—provides a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Different components of the tumor microenvironment can regulate tumor development. In this review, we have discussed the regulatory role of the microenvironment in tumor angiogenesis. High expression of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, as well as hypoxia, are presumed to be the reasons for poor therapeutic efficacy of current anti-angiogenic drugs. A combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and antitumor inflammatory drugs or hypoxia inhibitors might improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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19
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Codelivery of HIF-1α siRNA and Dinaciclib by Carboxylated Graphene Oxide-Trimethyl Chitosan-Hyaluronate Nanoparticles Significantly Suppresses Cancer Cell Progression. Pharm Res 2020; 37:196. [PMID: 32944844 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is one of the critical components of the tumor microenvironment that is involved in tumor development. HIF-1α functionally and physically interacts with CDK1, 2, and 5 and stimulates the cell cycle progression and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) expression. Therefore, hypoxic tumor microenvironment and CDK overexpression lead to increased cell cycle progression and tumor expansion. Therefore, we decided to suppress cancer cell expansion by blocking HIF-1α and CDK molecules. METHODS In the present study, we used the carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) conjugated with trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and hyaluronate (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with HIF-1α-siRNA and Dinaciclib, the CDK inhibitor, for silencing HIF-1α and blockade of CDKs in CD44-expressing cancer cells and evaluated the impact of combination therapy on proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and tumor growth. RESULTS The results indicated that the manufactured NPs had conceivable physicochemical properties, high cellular uptake, and low toxicity. Moreover, combination therapy of cancer cells using CGO-TMC-HA NPs loaded with HIF-1α siRNA and Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) significantly suppressed the CDKs/HIF-1α and consequently, decreased the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and colony formation in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the ability of CGO-TMC-HA NPs for dual drug/gene delivery in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the simultaneous inhibition of CDKs/HIF-1α can be considered as a novel anti-cancer treatment strategy; however, further research is needed to confirm this treatment in vivo. Graphical Abstract The suppression of HIF-1α and CDKs inhibits cancer growth. HIF-1α is overexpressed by the cells present in the tumor microenvironment. The hypoxic environment elevates mitochondrial ROS production and increases p38 MAP kinase, JAK/STAT, ERK, JNK, and Akt/PI3K signaling, resulting in cyclin accumulation and aberrant cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the overexpression of HIF-1α/CDK results in increased expression of genes such as BCL2, Bcl-xl, Ki-67, TGFβ, VEGF, FGF, MMP2, MMP9, and, HIF-1α and consequently raise the survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells. In conclusion, HIF-1α-siRNA/Dinaciclib-loaded CGO-TMC-HA NPs can inhibit the tumor expansion by blockage of CDKs and HIF-1α (JAK: Janus kinase, STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase).
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Liu XX, Yang L, Shao LX, He Y, Wu G, Bao YH, Lu NN, Gong DM, Lu YP, Cui TT, Sun NH, Chen DY, Shi WX, Fukunaga K, Chen HS, Chen Z, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelial Cdk5 deficit leads to the development of spontaneous epilepsy through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated reactive astrogliosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20180992. [PMID: 31699822 PMCID: PMC7037235 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liu et al. reveal a key mechanism that mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy. They identify the endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates astrocytic glutamate reuptake and increased glutamate synaptic function through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated astrogliosis. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in epilepsy. However, the mechanism mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy remains unknown. Here, we report that endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a central regulator of neuronal excitability. Endothelial-specific Cdk5 knockout led to spontaneous seizures in mice. Knockout mice showed increased endothelial chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1) expression, decreased astrocytic glutamate reuptake through the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), and increased glutamate synaptic function. Ceftriaxone restored astrocytic GLT1 function and inhibited seizures in endothelial Cdk5-deficient mice, and these effects were also reversed after silencing Cxcl1 in endothelial cells and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (Cxcr2) in astrocytes, respectively, in the CA1 by AAV transfection. These results reveal a previously unknown link between cerebrovascular factors and epileptogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting endothelial signaling as a potential treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Huan Bao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian-Tian Cui
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning-He Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Basic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Huang B, Huang M, Li Q. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by VEGF-Mediated EZH2/VASH1 Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819879905. [PMID: 31757187 PMCID: PMC6876164 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819879905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascularized tumor, so it is critical to study its angiogenesis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and became significant hallmarks of cancer. But the relationship between enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to angiogenesis and its precise mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The separation of cancer-associated fibroblasts was identified by immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis was used to reveal the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The wound healing, transwell, and vascular tube formation assays were used to identify the capability of migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The detection of tumor angiogenesis was also performed in vivo. Finally, the level of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and vasohibin 1 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: In comparison to control and condition medium noncancerous fibroblasts groups, the condition medium cancer-associated fibroblasts could significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that cancer-associated fibroblasts promoted angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in vitro and in vivo. The upregulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibited the expression of vasohibin 1, thus promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, the cancer-associated fibroblasts of hepatocellular carcinoma regulate the enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, thereby promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our study identified the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and confirmed the pivotal role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway and may be a potentially useful therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Intervention, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Manping Huang
- Department of Intervention, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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22
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Roles of Id1/HIF-1 and CDK5/HIF-1 in cell cycle reentry induced by amyloid-beta peptide in post-mitotic cortical neuron. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Cervello M, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. New landscapes and horizons in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3053-3094. [PMID: 32018226 PMCID: PMC7041742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the sixth most frequent form of cancer and leads to the fourth highest number of deaths each year. HCC results from a combination of environmental factors and aging as there are driver mutations at oncogenes which occur during aging. Most of HCCs are diagnosed at advanced stage preventing curative therapies. Treatment in advanced stage is a challenging and pressing problem, and novel and well-tolerated therapies are urgently needed. We will discuss further advances beyond sorafenib that target additional signaling pathways and immune checkpoint proteins. The scenario of possible systemic therapies for patients with advanced HCC has changed dramatically in recent years. Personalized genomics and various other omics approaches may identify actionable biochemical targets, which are activated in individual patients, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and aberrantly activated signaling pathways capable of guiding the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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24
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Sharma S, Sicinski P. A kinase of many talents: non-neuronal functions of CDK5 in development and disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:190287. [PMID: 31910742 PMCID: PMC7014686 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) represents an unusual member of the family of cyclin-dependent kinases, which is activated upon binding to non-cyclin p35 and p39 proteins. The role of CDK5 in the nervous system has been very well established. In addition, there is growing evidence that CDK5 is also active in non-neuronal tissues, where it has been postulated to affect a variety of functions such as the immune response, angiogenesis, myogenesis, melanogenesis and regulation of insulin levels. Moreover, high levels of CDK5 have been observed in different tumour types, and CDK5 was proposed to play various roles in the tumorigenic process. In this review, we discuss these various CDK5 functions in normal physiology and disease, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CDK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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25
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Zhang X, Wang J, Jia Y, Liu T, Wang M, Lv W, Zhang R, Shi J, Liu L. CDK5 neutralizes the tumor suppressing effect of BIN1 via mediating phosphorylation of c-MYC at Ser-62 site in NSCLC. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:226. [PMID: 31496920 PMCID: PMC6720419 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) has showed outstanding tumor-suppressive potential via inhibiting c-MYC-mediated tumorigenesis. However, a frequent phosphorylation of c-MYC at Ser-62 site could block the BIN1/c-MYC interaction and limits the tumor-suppressive effect of BIN1. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a generally dysregulated protein in various carcinomas, can mediate c-MYC phosphorylation at Ser-62 site. However, whether the existence of CDK5 could block the BIN1/c-MYC interaction remains unclear. Materials and methods The expression of CDK5 and BIN1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were measured. CDK5 was knocked down and overexpressed in H460 and PC9 cells, respectively. CCK-8, wound healing and transwell were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells. Tumor-bearing nude mouse model was built with H460 cells. Dinaciclib was added to realize the effect of CDK5 inhibition in vivo. NSCLC and matched para-carcinoma specimens were collected from 153 patients who underwent radical operation. IHC was performed to determine the expression of CDK5 in the specimens. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the postoperative survival and CDK5 expression. Results CDK5 was highly expressed in H460 cells, and knockdown of CDK5 could restore the BIN1/c-MYC interaction. Meanwhile, low expression of CDK5 was observed in PC9 cells, and overexpression of CDK5 blocked the BIN1/c-MYC interaction. Consequently, the growth, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) ability of H460 and PC9 cells could be facilitated by CDK5. The addition of CDK5 inhibitor Dinaciclib significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis ability of NSCLC cells in tumor-bearing mouse model. Furthermore, high expression of CDK5, along with low expression of BIN1, could predict poor postoperative prognosis of NSCLC patients. The patients with high expression of CDK5 and low expression of BIN1 showed similar prognosis, indicating that CDK5 could neutralize the tumor suppressing effect of BIN1 in clinical situation. Conclusions CDK5 blocked the interaction of BIN1 and c-MYC via promoting phosphorylation of c-MYC at ser-62 site, ultimately facilitated the progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Jia
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Lv
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 2Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Shi
- 3State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- 1Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Tianshan Street 169, Shijiazhuang, China
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26
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Jia Y, Duan Y, Liu T, Wang X, Lv W, Wang M, Wang J, Liu L. LncRNA TTN-AS1 promotes migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via sponging miR-142-5p to regulate CDK5. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:573. [PMID: 31363080 PMCID: PMC6667499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays pivotal roles in regulating various biological process in human cancers. Titin-antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1) has been regarded as a tumor promoting lncRNA in numerous cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological function of TTN-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. In the present study, we revealed that the expression of TTN-AS1 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. High TTN-AS1 expression was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of LUAD patients. In addition, high expression of TTN-AS1 was correlated with poor postoperative prognosis of LUAD patients. Knockdown of TTN-AS1 significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of LUAD cells in vitro. Then, by using bioinformation analysis and luciferase reporter experiment, we identified that TTN-AS1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-142-5p to regulate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in LUAD. Since CDK5 is a key regulator in the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), we detected the expression of EMT-related proteins, consequently, EMT was suppressed by knockdown of TTN-AS1 while this phenomenon was rescued by miR-142-5p inhibitor. Taken above, our study revealed that TTN-AS1 played an important role in LUAD progression. TTN-AS1/miR-142-5p/CDK5 regulatory axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jia
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Xuexiao Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China.
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27
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Zhu L, Ding R, Zhang J, Zhang J, Lin Z. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 acts as a promising biomarker in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:698. [PMID: 31311512 PMCID: PMC6636025 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research provides the first evidence of CDK5 in ccRCC prognosis and correlation with different p21 expression in overall survival (OS) analysis. Methods The data from both of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression of Normal and Tumor Tissue (GENT) were analyzed for determining the expression of CDK5 in kidney cancer. Tissue microarray that made by using 150 ccRCC samples was used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. A validation of OS cohort was extracted from Oncomine database. Results The CDK5 expression was significantly lower in cancer tissue compared with normal in TCGA (p < 0.0001), GENT database also showed a relative low expression in kidney cancer. Among 150 ccRCC patients, low CDK5 was detected in 83 cases (55.3%), low p21 in 97 cases (64.7%). CDK5 was associated with the advanced TNM stage (p = 0.042), and Fuhrman grade (p = 0.035). Patients with lower CDK5 might be more likely to be aggressive status. According to the combination analysis of CDK5 and p21, patients in CDK5 low/p21 low group showed poorer survival rate, and no significant survival difference was observed in other groups. In the Cox multivariate analysis, the co-expression of CDK5 low/p21 low was identified as an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC patients. Conclusions Together, our findings provided the first evidence that CDK5 was acting as a promising biomarker in ccRCC patients, and co-expression of CDK5 and p21 is an independent prognostic for overall survival. IHC analysis of CDK5 and p21 on cancer tissues after surgery may help to evaluate and predict the outcome of ccRCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5905-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zongming Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Wang F, Zhao W, Gao Y, Zhou J, Li H, Zhang G, Guo D, Xie C, Li J, Yin Z, Zhang J. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of TPX2 promotes hepatocellular tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:286. [PMID: 31272499 PMCID: PMC6610961 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CDK5, an atypical member of the CDK family, play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of multiple organ, but CDK5 and its substrates in genesis and development of HCC is still unclear. Methods Expression of CDK5 in HCC tumor and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 90 patients were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The role of CDK5 in cell function and tumorigenesis was explored in HCC cell lines, ex vivo xenografts and diethylnitrosamine induced HCC model. Furthermore, comparative phosphoproteomic screening identified the oncoprotein TPX2 as a new substrate of CDK5. We also identified the effect of CDK5/P25 interaction blocker tamoxifen on HCC cell growth and migration. Results CDK5 was increased in HCC tisues and the level of CDK5 was correlated with the severity of HCC based on patient recurrence and 5-year fatality rate. Exogenously expressed CDK5 but not kinase-dead CDK5 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Functional ablation of CDK5 significantly inhibited the exacerbation of HCC cells. Xenograft implantation of HCC cells overexpressing CDK5 promoted tumorigenesis, and genetic knockdown of CDK5 reduced HCC growth and metastasis in vivo. More importantly, heterozygous knockout CDK5 (Cdk5+/−) attenuated HCC tumorigenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of TPX2 at serine 486 promoted its protein stability. TPX2 silence could restore HCC cell migration capability with overexpression CDK5. Treatment with tamoxifen inhibited cell growth and migration of HCC, demonstrating the role of active CDK5 in HCC. Conclusions Our results suggest activation of CDK5 is associated with HCC tumorigenesis. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of TPX2 promotes hepatocellular proliferation and tumorigenicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1297-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxing Zhao
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiechao Zhou
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseaseand Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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29
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Thirupathi A, Chang YZ. Role of AMPK and its molecular intermediates in subjugating cancer survival mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 227:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Chi TF, Horbach T, Götz C, Kietzmann T, Dimova EY. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5)-Mediated Phosphorylation of Upstream Stimulatory Factor 2 (USF2) Contributes to Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040523. [PMID: 31013770 PMCID: PMC6521020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor USF2 is supposed to have an important role in tumor development. However, the regulatory mechanisms contributing to the function of USF2 are largely unknown. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) seems to be of importance since high levels of CDK5 were found in different cancers associated with high USF2 expression. Here, we identified USF2 as a phosphorylation target of CDK5. USF2 is phosphorylated by CDK5 at two serine residues, serine 155 and serine 222. Further, phosphorylation of USF2 at these residues was shown to stabilize the protein and to regulate cellular growth and migration. Altogether, these results delineate the importance of the CDK5-USF2 interplay in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabughang Franklin Chi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.F.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Tina Horbach
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.F.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.F.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Elitsa Y. Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.F.C.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-0-294-485-785; Fax: +358-8-553-114
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31
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Cortés N, Guzmán-Martínez L, Andrade V, González A, Maccioni RB. CDK5: A Unique CDK and Its Multiple Roles in the Nervous System. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:843-855. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cortés
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrade
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, East Campus, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Lampropoulou E, Logoviti I, Koutsioumpa M, Hatziapostolou M, Polytarchou C, Skandalis SS, Hellman U, Fousteris M, Nikolaropoulos S, Choleva E, Lamprou M, Skoura A, Megalooikonomou V, Papadimitriou E. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mediates pleiotrophin-induced endothelial cell migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5893. [PMID: 29651006 PMCID: PMC5897396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) stimulates endothelial cell migration through binding to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) and ανβ3 integrin. Screening for proteins that interact with RPTPβ/ζ and potentially regulate PTN signaling, through mass spectrometry analysis, identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activator p35 among the proteins displaying high sequence coverage. Interaction of p35 with the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 leads to CDK5 activation, known to be implicated in cell migration. Protein immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays verified p35-RPTPβ/ζ interaction and revealed the molecular association of CDK5 and RPTPβ/ζ. In endothelial cells, PTN activates CDK5 in an RPTPβ/ζ- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. On the other hand, c-Src, ανβ3 and ERK1/2 do not mediate the PTN-induced CDK5 activation. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of CDK5 abolished PTN-induced endothelial cell migration, suggesting that CDK5 mediates PTN stimulatory effect. A new pyrrolo[2,3-α]carbazole derivative previously identified as a CDK1 inhibitor, was found to suppress CDK5 activity and eliminate PTN stimulatory effect on cell migration, warranting its further evaluation as a new CDK5 inhibitor. Collectively, our data reveal that CDK5 is activated by PTN, in an RPTPβ/ζ-dependent manner, regulates PTN-induced cell migration and is an attractive target for the inhibition of PTN pro-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Lampropoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Logoviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.,Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Hatziapostolou
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hellman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Manolis Fousteris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios Nikolaropoulos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Efrosini Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Angeliki Skoura
- Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.
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Abstract
Cdk5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase that is well characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. However Cdk5 has been recently implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, thyroid and brain tumors. This broad pro-tumorigenic role makes Cdk5 a promising drug target for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we review the contribution of Cdk5 to molecular mechanisms that confer upon tumors the ability to grow, proliferate and disseminate to secondary organs, as well as resistance to chemotherapies. We subsequently discuss existing and new strategies for targeting Cdk5 and its downstream mechanisms as anti-cancer treatments.
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34
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Zhang R, Lin P, Yang H, He Y, Dang YW, Feng ZB, Chen G. Clinical role and biological function of CDK5 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A study based on immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq and in vitro investigation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108333-108354. [PMID: 29312535 PMCID: PMC5752448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical role and biological function of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 412 surgically resected tissue samples (HCC, n=171; non-HCC=241) were obtained and analyzed with immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic and prognostic values of CDK5 expression levels in HCC were clarified. Moreover, RNA-seq data or microarray datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (HCC, n=374; normal, n=50) or other public databases (HCC, n=1864; non-tumor=1995) regarding CDK5 in HCC were extracted and examined. Several bioinformatic methods were performed to identify CDK5-regulated pathways. In vitro experiments were adopted to measure proliferation and apoptosis in HCC cells after CDK5 mRNA was inhibited in the HCC cell lines HepG2 and HepB3. Based on immunohistochemistry, CDK5 expression levels were notably increased in HCC tissues (n=171) compared with normal (n=33, P<0.001), cirrhosis (n=37, P<0.001), and adjacent non-cancerous liver (n=171, P<0.001) tissues. The up-regulation of CDK5 was associated with higher differentiation (P<0.001), metastasis (P<0.001), advanced clinical TNM stages (P<0.001), portal vein tumor embolus (P=0.003) and vascular invasion (P=0.004). Additionally, TCGA data analysis also revealed significantly increased CDK5 expression in HCC compared with non-cancerous hepatic tissues (P<0.001). The pooled standard mean deviation (SMD) based on 36 included datasets (HCC, n=2238; non-cancerous, n=2045) indicated that CDK5 was up-regulated in HCC (SMD=1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.45, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.88. Furthermore, CDK5 knock-down inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis. In conclusion, CDK5 plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of HCC, most likely via accelerating proliferation and suppressing apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating the cell cycle and DNA replication pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
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Abstract
Selective abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) activity is a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. The atypical CDK, CDK5 has long been known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and is becoming an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Myriads of recent studies have uncovered that aberrant expression of CDK5 contributes to the oncogenic initiation and progression of multiple solid and hematological malignancies. CDK5 is also implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell biology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of CDK5 as a druggable target for cancer treatment. We also provide a detailed outlook of designing selective and potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
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36
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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37
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Biological functions of CDK5 and potential CDK5 targeted clinical treatments. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17373-17382. [PMID: 28077789 PMCID: PMC5370047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinases that are traditionally activated upon association with a regulatory subunit. For most CDKs, activation by a cyclin occurs through association and phosphorylation of the CDK’s T-loop. CDK5 is unusual because it is not typically activated upon binding with a cyclin and does not require T-loop phosphorylation for activation, even though it has high amino acid sequence homology with other CDKs. While it was previously thought that CDK5 only interacted with p35 or p39 and their cleaved counterparts, Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 can interact with certain cylins, amongst other proteins, which modulate CDK5 activity levels. This review discusses recent findings of molecular interactions that regulate CDK5 activity and CDK5 associated pathways that are implicated in various diseases. Also covered herein is the growing body of evidence for CDK5 in contributing to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis.
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38
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Chiang IN, Pu YS, Huang CY, Young TH. Far infrared radiation promotes rabbit renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and functional characteristics, and protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180872. [PMID: 28715443 PMCID: PMC5513434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Far infrared radiation, a subdivision of the electromagnetic spectrum, is beneficial for long-term tissue healing, anti-inflammatory effects, growth promotion, sleep modulation, acceleration of microcirculation, and pain relief. We investigated if far infrared radiation is beneficial for renal proximal tubule cell cultivation and renal tissue engineering. We observed the effects of far infrared radiation on renal proximal tubules cells, including its effects on cell proliferation, gene and protein expression, and viability. We also examined the protective effects of far infrared radiation against cisplatin, a nephrotoxic agent, using the human proximal tubule cell line HK-2. We found that daily exposure to far infrared radiation for 30 min significantly increased rabbit renal proximal tubule cell proliferation in vitro, as assessed by MTT assay. Far infrared radiation was not only beneficial to renal proximal tubule cell proliferation, it also increased the expression of ATPase Na+/K+ subunit alpha 1 and glucose transporter 1, as determined by western blotting. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that far infrared radiation enhanced CDK5R1, GNAS, NPPB, and TEK expression. In the proximal tubule cell line HK-2, far infrared radiation protected against cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity by reducing apoptosis. Renal proximal tubule cell cultivation with far infrared radiation exposure resulted in better cell proliferation, significantly higher ATPase Na+/K+ subunit alpha 1 and glucose transporter 1 expression, and significantly enhanced expression of CDK5R1, GNAS, NPPB, and TEK. These results suggest that far infrared radiation improves cell proliferation and differentiation. In HK-2 cells, far infrared radiation mediated protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing apoptosis, as indicated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 assay.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/radiation effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin/toxicity
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Infrared Rays
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/radiation effects
- Male
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ni Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin Chu Branch, Hsin Chu City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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39
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Ding L, Shen Y, Ni J, Ou Y, Ou Y, Liu H. EphA4 promotes cell proliferation and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance via the AKT pathway in multiple myeloma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694298. [PMID: 28351297 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor A4 (EphA4), a member of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) family, has been reported to upregulate in several tumors. However, the role of EphA4 in multiple myeloma has not been clarified yet. In this study, we found that EphA4 promoted proliferation of multiple myeloma cells via the regulation of cell cycle. Besides, EphA4 was closely related to cell adhesion of multiple myeloma cells and promoted cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance by enhancing the phosphorylation levels of Akt (p-AKT) expression in multiple myeloma. More interestingly, we discovered that EphA4 can interact with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and regulate its expression in multiple myeloma. CDK5 has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple myeloma which mediated bortezomib resistance and also participated in AKT pathway. And we have also proved the fact. So, we supposed that EphA4 interacted with CDK5 and promoted its expression which in turn enhanced p-AKT expression and promoted cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Therefore, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance and may be useful in identifying potential target for treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ding
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Shen
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Ou
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyu Ou
- 2 Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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40
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Bao HX, Bi Q, Han Y, Zhao C, Zou H. Potential mechanisms underlying CDK5 related Osteosarcoma progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:455-460. [PMID: 28323497 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1310194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification of new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is of crucial importance for patients with osteosarcoma. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is overexpressed in several tumor types. However, the exact role CDK5 plays in osteosarcoma is still unknown. METHODS In this study, we explored the association between CDK5 expression and the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients using publicly available gene expression datasets. Potential molecular mechanisms underlying its pro-malignant role in cancer progression were also discussed. RESULTS We demonstrated that tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is activated while antigen presentation is repressed in patients with CDK5 overexpression and poor survival. This results indicated that sufficient energy production and tumor immune escape are important characteristics and potential therapeutic targets for this subgroup of osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, several critical hub genes that are associated with CDK5 related osteosarcoma progression such as MELK were identified. CONCLUSION This study discussed the pro-malignant role of CDK5 and potential mechanisms involved. Further preclinical and clinical studies to develop CDK5 based treatments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Xing Bao
- a Department of Orthopedics , the First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , PR China.,b Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Qing Bi
- c Department of Orthopedics , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , PR China.,f People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Yong Han
- d Department of Pathology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , PR China.,f People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- c Department of Orthopedics , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , PR China.,f People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Hai Zou
- e Department of Cardiology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , PR China.,f People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , PR China
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41
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Semenza GL. A compendium of proteins that interact with HIF-1α. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:128-135. [PMID: 28336293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the founding member of a family of transcription factors that function as master regulators of oxygen homeostasis. HIF-1 is composed of an O2-regulated HIF-1α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit. This review provides a compendium of proteins that interact with the HIF-1α subunit, many of which regulate HIF-1 activity in either an O2-dependent or O2-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
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42
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 3:1-10. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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43
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Zhao S, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Shao J, Chen A, Zhang F, Zheng S. Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates sinusoidal angiogenesis via inhibition of hedgehog signaling in liver fibrosis. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:115-127. [PMID: 28112475 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that hedgehog signaling plays a pivotal role in pathological angiogenesis and is involved in wound-healing responses in a number of adult tissues, including the liver. We previously demonstrated that hedgehog signaling promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on hedgehog signaling and to further examine the molecular mechanisms of TMP-induced antiangiogenesic effects in liver fibrosis. We found that TMP ameliorated the expression of proangiogenic markers vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGF-βR) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), concomitant with reduced abundance of endothelial markers platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), CD34 and von willebrand factor in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, TMP attenuated the abundance of sonic hedgehog, smoothened (Smo) and glioblastoma but increased the expression of hedgehog-interacting protein in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which was underlying mechanism for the antiangiogenesic activity of TMP. Downregulation of Smo activity, using selective Smo inhibitor cyclopamine, lead to a synergistic effect with TMP, whereas Smo overexpression plasmid impaired the induction of antiangiogenesic effects of TMP. Overall, these results provide novel implications to reveal the molecular mechanism of TMP-inhibited liver sinusoidal angiogenesis, by which points to the possibility of using TMP-based antiangiogenic drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):115-127, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Amisaki M, Honjo S, Morimoto M, Hanaki T, Arai Y, Tokuyasu N, Sakamoto T, Ohuchi Y, Saito H. The Negative Effect of Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization on Long-Term Outcomes for Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Yonago Acta Med 2016; 59:270-278. [PMID: 28070164 PMCID: PMC5214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is administered to improve long-term outcome after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the survival benefit of preoperative TACE is controversial. We conducted a retrospective case-control study to evaluate the effect of preoperative TACE on prognosis. METHODS A total of 121 patients who underwent curative resection of HCC were divided into two groups according to whether they received preoperative TACE. We determined the control group (n = 34) and TACE group (n = 34) through propensity score matching. The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival, and the secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival. RESULTS The overall survival rate and the recurrence free survival rate were significantly lower in the TACE group than in the control group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.043, respectively). Furthermore, recurrence free survival within less than 2 years after resection was significantly worse in the TACE group than in the control group (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Preoperative TACE seemed to worsen the long-term outcomes of the patients who underwent surgical resection for the treatment of resectable HCC. Therefore, preoperative TACE should not be considered as a standard therapy in patients with resectable HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Amisaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Soichiro Honjo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hanaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yosuke Arai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Naruo Tokuyasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Sakamoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Ohuchi
- †Division of Radiology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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