1
|
Ayub A, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Kabir Y. Dissecting the multifaceted roles of autophagy in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Med Oncol 2024; 41:183. [PMID: 38902544 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cytoplasmic defense mechanism that cells use to break and reprocess their intracellular components. This utilization of autophagy is regarded as a savior in nutrient-deficient and other stressful conditions. Hence, autophagy keeps contact with and responds to miscellaneous cellular tensions and diverse pathways of signal transductions, such as growth signaling and cellular death. Importantly, autophagy is regarded as an effective tumor suppressor because regular autophagic breakdown is essential for cellular maintenance and minimizing cellular damage. However, paradoxically, autophagy has also been observed to promote the events of malignancies. This review discussed the dual role of autophagy in cancer, emphasizing its influence on tumor survival and progression. Possessing such a dual contribution to the malignant establishment, the prevention of autophagy can potentially advocate for the advancement of malignant transformation. In contrast, for the context of the instituted tumor, the agents of preventing autophagy potently inhibit the advancement of the tumor. Key regulators, including calpain 1, mTORC1, and AMPK, modulate autophagy in response to nutritional conditions and stress. Oncogenic mutations like RAS and B-RAF underscore autophagy's pivotal role in cancer development. The review also delves into autophagy's context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It also discusses the therapeutic effectiveness of autophagy for several cancers. The recent implication of autophagy in the control of both innate and antibody-mediated immune systems made it a center of attention to evaluating its role concerning tumor antigens and treatments of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afia Ayub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kurganovs NJ, Engedal N. To eat or not to eat: a critical review on the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419806. [PMID: 38910881 PMCID: PMC11190189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Around 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Many strides have been made in the understanding and treatment of this malignancy over the years, however, despite this; treatment resistance and disease progression remain major clinical concerns. Recent evidence indicate that autophagy can affect cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that can remove unnecessary or dysfunctional components of the cell as a response to metabolic or environmental stress. Due to the emerging importance of autophagy in cancer, targeting autophagy should be considered as a potential option in disease management. In this review, along with exploring the advances made on understanding the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and therapeutics, we will critically consider the conflicting evidence observed in the literature and suggest how to obtain stronger experimental evidence, as the application of current findings in clinical practice is presently not viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jayne Kurganovs
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Role of K63-linked ubiquitination in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:410. [PMID: 36202787 PMCID: PMC9537175 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical type of post-translational modifications, of which K63-linked ubiquitination regulates interaction, translocation, and activation of proteins. In recent years, emerging evidence suggest involvement of K63-linked ubiquitination in multiple signaling pathways and various human diseases including cancer. Increasing number of studies indicated that K63-linked ubiquitination controls initiation, development, invasion, metastasis, and therapy of diverse cancers. Here, we summarized molecular mechanisms of K63-linked ubiquitination dictating different biological activities of tumor and highlighted novel opportunities for future therapy targeting certain regulation of K63-linked ubiquitination in tumor.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Duan C, Zhang C. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in Anticancer Drugdsla Resistance: Recent Advances and Future Potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645864. [PMID: 33935743 PMCID: PMC8082683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug therapy is the primary treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The use of anticancer drugs will inevitably lead to drug resistance, which manifests as tumor recurrence. Overcoming chemoresistance may enable cancer patients to have better therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying drug resistance are poorly understood. E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are a large class of proteins, and there are over 800 putative functional E3s. E3s play a crucial role in substrate recognition and catalyze the final step of ubiquitin transfer to specific substrate proteins. The diversity of the set of substrates contributes to the diverse functions of E3s, indicating that E3s could be desirable drug targets. The E3s MDM2, FBWX7, and SKP2 have been well studied and have shown a relationship with drug resistance. Strategies targeting E3s to combat drug resistance include interfering with their activators, degrading the E3s themselves and influencing the interaction between E3s and their substrates. Research on E3s has led to the discovery of possible therapeutic methods to overcome the challenging clinical situation imposed by drug resistance. In this article, we summarize the role of E3s in cancer drug resistance from the perspective of drug class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerins MJ, Liu P, Tian W, Mannheim W, Zhang DD, Ooi A. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Reveals Autophagy Disruption as the Convergence Mechanism That Regulates the NRF2 Transcription Factor. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00037-19. [PMID: 31010806 PMCID: PMC6580702 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2) transcription factor regulates the expression of many genes that are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its deregulation has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. While several mechanisms by which NRF2 can be activated have gradually been identified over time, a more complete regulatory network of NRF2 is still lacking. Here we show through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen that a total of 273 genes, when knocked out, will lead to sustained NRF2 activation. Pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes (18 of the 273 genes) involved in autophagy. Molecular validation of a subset of the enriched genes identified 8 high-confidence genes that negatively regulate NRF2 activity irrespective of cell type: ATG12, ATG7, GOSR1, IFT172, NRXN2, RAB6A, VPS37A, and the well-known negative regulator of NRF2, KEAP1 Of these, ATG12, ATG7, KEAP1, and VPS37A are known to be involved in autophagic processes. Our results present a comprehensive list of NRF2 negative regulators and reveal an intimate link between autophagy and NRF2 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William Mannheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zou H, Sevigny MB, Liu S, Madden DT, Louie MC. Novel flexible heteroarotinoid, SL-1-39, inhibits HER2-positive breast cancer cell proliferation by promoting lysosomal degradation of HER2. Cancer Lett 2019; 443:157-166. [PMID: 30503556 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SL-1-39 [1-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)thiourea] is a new flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het) analog derived from the parental compound, SHetA2, previously shown to inhibit cell growth across multiple cancer types. The current study aims to determine growth inhibitory effects of SL-1-39 across the different subtypes of breast cancer cells and delineate its molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrate that while SL-1-39 blocks cell proliferation of all breast cancer subtypes tested, it has the highest efficacy against HER2+ breast cancer cells. Molecular analyses suggest that SL-1-39 prevents S phase progression of HER2+ breast cancer cells (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-453), which is consistent with reduced expression of key cell-cycle regulators at both the protein and transcriptional levels. SL-1-39 treatment also decreases the protein levels of HER2 and pHER2 as well as its downstream effectors, pMAPK and pAKT. Reduction of HER2 and pHER2 at the protein level is attributed to increased lysosomal degradation of total HER2 levels. This is the first study to show that a flexible heteroarotinoid analog modulates the HER2 signaling pathway through lysosomal degradation, and thus further warrants the development of SL-1-39 as a therapeutic option for HER2+ breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA.
| | - Mary B Sevigny
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA.
| | - Shengquan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94594, USA.
| | - David T Madden
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94594, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Maggie C Louie
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA; College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94594, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad A. Current Updates on Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:217-228. [PMID: 31456185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab represents the predominant therapy to target breast cancer subtype marked by HER2 amplification. It has been in use for two decades and its continued importance is underlined by recent FDA approvals of its biosimilar and conjugated versions. Progression to an aggressive disease with acquisition of resistance to trastuzumab remains a major clinical concern. In addition to a number of cellular signaling pathways being investigated, focus in recent years has also shifted to epigenetic and non-coding RNA basis of acquired resistance against trastuzumab. This article provides a succinct discussion on the most recent advances in our understanding of such factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claude-Taupin A, Fonderflick L, Gauthier T, Mansi L, Pallandre JR, Borg C, Perez V, Monnien F, Algros MP, Vigneron M, Adami P, Delage-Mourroux R, Peixoto P, Herfs M, Boyer-Guittaut M, Hervouet E. ATG9A Is Overexpressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Its In Vitro Extinction Leads to the Inhibition of Pro-Cancer Phenotypes. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120248. [PMID: 30563263 PMCID: PMC6316331 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and targeted treatments have led to a significant decrease in mortality linked to breast cancer (BC), however, important issues need to be addressed in the future. One of them will be to find new triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapeutic strategies, since none are currently efficiently targeting this subtype of BC. Since numerous studies have reported the possibility of targeting the autophagy pathway to treat or limit cancer progression, we analyzed the expression of six autophagy genes (ATG9A, ATG9B, BECLIN1, LC3B, NIX and P62/SQSTM1) in breast cancer tissue, and compared their expression with healthy adjacent tissue. In our study, we observed an increase in ATG9A mRNA expression in TNBC samples from our breast cancer cohort. We also showed that this increase of the transcript was confirmed at the protein level on paraffin-embedded tissues. To corroborate these in vivo data, we designed shRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-driven inhibition of ATG9A expression in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-436, in order to determine its role in the regulation of cancer phenotypes. We found that ATG9A inhibition led to an inhibition of in vitro cancer features, suggesting that ATG9A can be considered as a new marker of TNBC and might be considered in the future as a target to develop new specific TNBC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Leïla Fonderflick
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Thierry Gauthier
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Laura Mansi
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Jean-René Pallandre
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Valérie Perez
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Marie-Paule Algros
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Team Replisome Dynamics and Cancer. UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS-University Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France.
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7242, F-67412 Illkirch, France.
| | - Pascale Adami
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Paul Peixoto
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
- EPIGENEXP platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Michael Herfs
- Boratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
- DimaCell platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Eric Hervouet
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-25000 Besançon, France.
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7242, F-67412 Illkirch, France.
- DimaCell platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leech AO, Vellanki SH, Rutherford EJ, Keogh A, Jahns H, Hudson L, O'Donovan N, Sabri S, Abdulkarim B, Sheehan KM, Kay EW, Young LS, Hill ADK, Smith YE, Hopkins AM. Cleavage of the extracellular domain of junctional adhesion molecule-A is associated with resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in breast cancer settings. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:140. [PMID: 30458861 PMCID: PMC6247757 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adhesion molecule whose overexpression on breast tumor tissue has been associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes, including human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive disease. Since JAM-A has been described to regulate HER2 expression in breast cancer cells, we hypothesized that JAM-dependent stabilization of HER2 could participate in resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. METHODS Using breast cancer cell line models resistant to anti-HER2 drugs, we investigated JAM-A expression and the effect of JAM-A silencing on biochemical/functional parameters. We also tested whether altered JAM-A expression/processing underpinned differences between drug-sensitive and -resistant cells and acted as a biomarker of patients who developed resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. RESULTS Silencing JAM-A enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of anti-HER2 treatments in trastuzumab- and lapatinib-resistant breast cancer cells and further reduced HER2 protein expression and Akt phosphorylation in drug-treated cells. Increased epidermal growth factor receptor expression observed in drug-resistant models was normalized upon JAM-A silencing. JAM-A was highly expressed in all of a small cohort of HER2-positive patients whose disease recurred following anti-HER2 therapy. High JAM-A expression also correlated with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis in another patient cohort resistant to trastuzumab therapy. Importantly, cleavage of JAM-A was increased in drug-resistant cell lines in conjunction with increased expression of ADAM-10 and -17 metalloproteases. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing studies suggested a particular role for ADAM-10 in reducing JAM-A cleavage and partially re-sensitizing drug-resistant cells to the anti-proliferative effects of HER2-targeted drugs. Functionally, recombinant cleaved JAM-A enhanced breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and both invasion and proliferation in a semi-in vivo model. Finally, cleaved JAM-A was detectable in the serum of a small cohort of HER2-positive patients and correlated significantly with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest a novel model whereby increased expression and cleavage of JAM-A drive tumorigenic behavior and act as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for resistance to HER2-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid O Leech
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sri HariKrishna Vellanki
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emily J Rutherford
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aoife Keogh
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hanne Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lance Hudson
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Siham Sabri
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Bassam Abdulkarim
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine M Sheehan
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Leonie S Young
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Yvonne E Smith
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ann M Hopkins
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suga J, Izumiyama K, Tanaka N, Saji S. Estradiol promotes rapid degradation of HER3 in ER-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 16:103-109. [PMID: 30417127 PMCID: PMC6205365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase super family, is overexpressed in a number of cancers, and is associated with malignant phenotypes. Control of the protein stability of the membrane, as well as nuclear receptors, has been known to be an important process affecting tumor cells; however, their relationships have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that estradiol promotes rapid degradation of HER3 via the proteasome pathway in ER-positive breast cancer, MCF-7. ER prevented HER3 degradation, and knockdown of ER expression by si-RNA promoted rapid degradation of HER3. Breakdown of HER3 and ER were regulated by a ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 in the presence of estradiol stimulation. We speculate that estradiol quickly degrades ER, making HER3 accessible by Nedd4-1, and leads to the rapid degradation of HER3. In addition, knockdown of ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 enhances estradiol induced cell proliferation. These results indicate that HER3 and Nedd4-1 in ER-positive breast cancers might be an important therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Suga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiko Izumiyama
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, 47-1 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, 47-1 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunobiology, Department of Cancer Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo Aobaku, Sendai 980-0875, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stebbing J, Shah K, Lit LC, Gagliano T, Ditsiou A, Wang T, Wendler F, Simon T, Szabó KS, O'Hanlon T, Dean M, Roslani AC, Cheah SH, Lee SC, Giamas G. LMTK3 confers chemo-resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3113-3130. [PMID: 29540829 PMCID: PMC5992129 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is an oncogenic kinase that is involved in different types of cancer (breast, lung, gastric, colorectal) and biological processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, chromatin remodeling as well as innate and acquired endocrine resistance. However, the role of LMTK3 in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been investigated thus far. Using both 2D and 3D tissue culture models, we found that overexpression of LMTK3 decreased the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to cytotoxic (doxorubicin) treatment. In a mouse model we showed that ectopic overexpression of LMTK3 decreases the efficacy of doxorubicin in reducing tumor growth. Interestingly, breast cancer cells overexpressing LMTK3 delayed the generation of double strand breaks (DSBs) after exposure to doxorubicin, as measured by the formation of γH2AX foci. This effect was at least partly mediated by decreased activity of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) as indicated by its reduced phosphorylation levels. In addition, our RNA-seq analyses showed that doxorubicin differentially regulated the expression of over 700 genes depending on LMTK3 protein expression levels. Furthermore, these genes were found to promote DNA repair, cell viability and tumorigenesis processes / pathways in LMTK3-overexpressing MCF7 cells. In human cancers, immunohistochemistry staining of LMTK3 in pre- and post-chemotherapy breast tumor pairs from four separate clinical cohorts revealed a significant increase of LMTK3 following both doxorubicin and docetaxel based chemotherapy. In aggregate, our findings show for the first time a contribution of LMTK3 in cytotoxic drug resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Cheng Lit
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franz Wendler
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Thomas Simon
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Krisztina Sára Szabó
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Timothy O'Hanlon
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swee Hung Cheah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Georgios Giamas
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Notch-1-PTEN-ERK1/2 signaling axis promotes HER2+ breast cancer cell proliferation and stem cell survival. Oncogene 2018; 37:4489-4504. [PMID: 29743588 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab targets the HER2 receptor on breast cancer cells to attenuate HER2-driven tumor growth. However, resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy remains a major clinical problem for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Notch signaling has been shown to promote BCSC survival and self-renewal. Trastuzumab-resistant cells have increased Notch-1 expression. Notch signaling drives cell proliferation in vitro and is required for tumor recurrence in vivo. We demonstrate herein a mechanism by which Notch-1 is required for trastuzumab resistance by repressing PTEN expression to contribute to activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Furthermore, Notch-1-mediated inhibition of PTEN is necessary for BCSC survival in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells mimics effects of Notch-1 knockdown on bulk cell proliferation and BCSC survival. These findings suggest that Notch-1 contributes to trastuzumab resistance by repressing PTEN and this may lead to hyperactivation of ERK1/2 signaling. Furthermore, high Notch-1 and low PTEN mRNA expression may predict poorer overall survival in women with breast cancer. Notch-1 protein expression predicts poorer survival in women with HER2+ breast cancer. These results support a potential future clinical trial combining anti-Notch-1 and anti-MEK/ERK therapy for trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Approximately 20% of breast cancers have amplification of a cancer-causing signaling molecule known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Decreased mRNA expression of the autophagy gene, beclin 1/BECN1, increases the risk of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the role of Beclin 1-dependent autophagy in regulating HER2-mediated tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that a mutation in Becn1 that increases basal autophagy prevents HER2-mediated tumorigenesis in mice and prevents HER2-mediated inhibition of autophagy in cultured cells. Furthermore, treatment with a cell-penetrating, autophagy-inducing peptide derived from Beclin 1 inhibits growth of HER2-positive human breast tumor xenografts in mice as efficiently as a clinically used agent that inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase activity. These findings demonstrate that genetic and pharmacological activation of autophagy inhibits HER2-mediated breast tumorigenesis. Allelic loss of the autophagy gene, beclin 1/BECN1, increases the risk of patients developing aggressive, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, breast cancers; however, it is not known whether autophagy induction may be beneficial in preventing HER2-positive breast tumor growth. We explored the regulation of autophagy in breast cancer cells by HER2 in vitro and the effects of genetic and pharmacological strategies to increase autophagy on HER2-driven breast cancer growth in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that HER2 interacts with Beclin 1 in breast cancer cells and inhibits autophagy. Mice with increased basal autophagy due to a genetically engineered mutation in Becn1 are protected from HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis, and HER2 fails to inhibit autophagy in primary cells derived from these mice. Moreover, treatment of mice with HER2-positive human breast cancer xenografts with the Tat-Beclin 1 autophagy-inducing peptide inhibits tumor growth as effectively as a clinically used HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This inhibition of tumor growth is associated with a robust induction of autophagy, a disruption of HER2/Beclin 1 binding, and a transcriptional signature in the tumors distinct from that observed with HER2 TKI treatment. Taken together, these findings indicate that the HER2-mediated inhibition of Beclin 1 and autophagy likely contributes to HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and that strategies to block HER2/Beclin 1 binding and/or increase autophagy may represent a new therapeutic approach for HER2-positive breast cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang CY, Yang BY, Zhao S, Shao SH, Bei XY, Shi F, Sun Q, Deng Z, Wang XH, Han BM, Zhao FJ, Xia SJ, Ruan Y. Deregulation of ATG9A by impaired AR signaling induces autophagy in prostate stromal fibroblasts and promotes BPH progression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29568063 PMCID: PMC5864884 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays an essential role in both prostate stromal cells and epithelial cells during the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Here we demonstrated that androgen ablation after 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) treatment induced autophagy in prostate stromal fibroblasts inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that ATG9A expression was increased after androgen ablation, which facilitated autophagic flux development. Knockdown of ATG9A not only inhibited autophagy notably in prostate stromal fibroblasts, but also reduced the volumes of prostate stromal fibroblast and epithelial cell recombinant grafts in nude mice. In conclusion, our findings suggested that ATG9A upregulation after long-term 5-ARI treatment constitutes a possible mechanism of BPH progression. Thus, combined treatment with 5-ARI and autophagy inhibitory agents would reduce the risk of BPH progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bo-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Si-Hui Shao
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Bei
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
JWA down-regulates HER2 expression via c-Cbl and induces lapatinib resistance in human gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71790-71801. [PMID: 27708243 PMCID: PMC5342123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted therapy is currently considered as the standard treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, unsatisfactory results of recent phase III clinical trials involving lapatinib suggested biomarkers for selection of patients. The aim of this study was to identify JWA as a biomarker for lapatinib resistance in GC cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Lapatinib was effective to the intrinsic cisplatin-resistant GC cells. JWA activation conferred lapatinib unresponsiveness, but reversed cisplatin resistance in GC cells. Whereas, deletion of JWA significantly restored lapatinib suppression on proliferation and lapatinib-induced apoptosis. JWA-induced down-regulation of HER2 and activation of ERK phosphorylation led to lapatinib resistance. Furthermore, c-Cbl represented a novel mechanism for HER2 degradation enhanced by JWA in GC cells. Taken together, JWA is a potential predictive marker for lapatinib resistance, targeting the patients that may benefit from lapatinib treatment in human GC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fraser J, Cabodevilla AG, Simpson J, Gammoh N. Interplay of autophagy, receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and endocytic trafficking. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:597-607. [PMID: 29233871 PMCID: PMC5869858 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking events play key roles in the compartmentalization and proper sorting of cellular components. These events have crucial roles in sensing external signals, regulating protein activities and stimulating cell growth or death decisions. Although mutations in vesicle trafficking players are not direct drivers of cellular transformation, their activities are important in facilitating oncogenic pathways. One such pathway is the sensing of external stimuli and signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The regulation of RTK activity by the endocytic pathway has been extensively studied. Compelling recent studies have begun to highlight the association between autophagy and RTK signalling. The influence of this interplay on cellular status and its relevance in disease settings will be discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Joanne Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patra S, Young V, Llewellyn L, Senapati JN, Mathew J. BRAF, KRAS and PIK3CA Mutation and Sensitivity to Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Cell Line Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2209-2213. [PMID: 28843257 PMCID: PMC5697482 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that approximately 20% of all breast cancer patients have a breast tumor that tests positive for Human
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, otherwise known as the HER2 gene. As such, treatments for breast cancer
usually include drugs that target HER2. The drug Trastuzumab is a recombinant antibody that has been approved by
the FDA for the treatment of these HER2 positive breast cancers. However, researchers have found that mutations in
associated genes, PIK3CA and KRAS, can cause the tumor to become resistant to Trastuzumab. The purpose of this
article is to evaluate the sensitivity of the cancer cell lines to the drug Trastuzumab and investigate how this sensitivity
is compromised by the PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF gene mutations. Trastuzumab responsiveness was evaluated in
breast cancer cell lines by treating the lines with an optimal concentration of the drug followed by a proliferation assay
of the cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies. We determined the optimum concentration of Trastuzumab to
be 7 μg/well. The BRAF and KRAS mutated cell line, MDA-MB-231, showed the least sensitivity after being treated
with trastuzumab when compared to the sensitivity of the PIK3CA mutated cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-361, and
the KRAS/ BRAF/ PIK3CA cell line, MDA-MB-453. Clinical observations show that mutations in BRAF and KRAS
genes in breast cancer cells do lower the responsiveness of Trastuzumab drug treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Patra
- Division of Biochemistry and Genetics American International Medical University Saint Lucia, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wong YK, Zhang J, Hua ZC, Lin Q, Shen HM, Wang J. Recent advances in quantitative and chemical proteomics for autophagy studies. Autophagy 2017; 13:1472-1486. [PMID: 28820289 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1313944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily well-conserved cellular degradative process with important biological functions that is closely implicated in health and disease. In recent years, quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and chemical proteomics have emerged as important tools for the study of autophagy, through large-scale unbiased analysis of the proteome or through highly specific and accurate analysis of individual proteins of interest. At present, a variety of approaches have been successfully applied, including (i) expression and interaction proteomics for the study of protein post-translational modifications, (ii) investigating spatio-temporal dynamics of protein synthesis and degradation, and (iii) direct determination of protein activity and profiling molecular targets in the autophagic process. In this review, we attempted to provide an overview of principles and techniques relevant to the application of quantitative and chemical proteomics methods to autophagy, and outline the current landscape as well as future outlook of these methods in autophagy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kwan Wong
- a Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- b Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- c Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- d Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- a Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,e NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- a Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,c Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoshioka Y, Suzuki T, Matsuo Y, Tsurita G, Watanabe T, Dohmae N, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. Protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 is involved in tumorigenesis through regulation of HER2 homodimerization. Cancer Med 2017. [PMID: 28639750 PMCID: PMC5504314 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which is amplified and overexpressed in a subset of human cancers including breast and gastric cancers, and is indicated in its involvement in progression of cancer. Although its specific ligand(s) has not been detected, HER2 homodimerization, which is critical for its activation, is considered to be dependent on its expression levels. Here, we demonstrate a significant role of HER2 methylation by protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 in HER2 homodimerization. We found that SMYD3 trimethylates HER2 protein at lysine 175. HER2 homodimerization was enhanced in the presence of SMYD3, and substitution of lysine 175 of HER2 with alanine (HER2-K175A) reduced the formation of HER2 homodimers. Furthermore, HER2-K175A revealed lower level of autophosphorylation than wild-type HER2. We also identified that knockdown of SMYD3 attenuated this autophosphorylation in breast cancer cells. Our results imply that SMYD3-mediated methylation of HER2 at Lysine 175 may regulate the formation of HER2 homodimer and subsequent autophosphorylation and suggest that the SMYD3-mediated methylation pathway seems to be a good target for development of novel anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yoshioka
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, Illinois, 60637.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yo Matsuo
- OncoTherapy Science Inc., 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan
| | - Giichiro Tsurita
- Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, Illinois, 60637.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Henson E, Chen Y, Gibson S. EGFR Family Members' Regulation of Autophagy Is at a Crossroads of Cell Survival and Death in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040027. [PMID: 28338617 PMCID: PMC5406702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways are altered in many cancers contributing to increased cell survival. These alterations are caused mainly through increased expression or mutation of EGFR family members EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. These receptors have been successfully targeted for cancer therapy. Specifically, a monoclonal antibody against ErbB2, trastuzumab, and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor against EGFR, gefitinib, have improved the survival of breast and lung cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer patients frequently become resistant to these inhibitors. This has led to investigating how EGFR can contribute to cell survival and how cancer cells can overcome inhibition of its signaling. Indeed, it is coming into focus that EGFR signaling goes beyond a single signal triggering cell proliferation and survival and is a sensor that regulates the cell’s response to microenvironmental stresses such as hypoxia. It acts as a switch that modulates the ability of cancer cells to survive. Autophagy is a process of self-digestion that is inhibited by EGFR allowing cancer cells to survive under stresses that would normally cause death and become resistant to chemotherapy. Inhibiting EGFR signaling allows autophagy to contribute to cell death. This gives new opportunities to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat cancers that rely on EGFR signaling networks and autophagy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of EGFR family member regulation of autophagy in cancer cells and how new therapeutic strategies could be developed to overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Henson
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Spencer Gibson
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|