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Szmida E, Butkiewicz D, Karpiński P, Rutkowski T, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Sąsiadek MM. The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Susceptibility and Prognosis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1226. [PMID: 39336817 PMCID: PMC11431317 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The identification of molecular alterations adding to the individual risk of HNSCC development and progression is one of the most important challenges in studies on cancer genetics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which belong to the group of important post-transcriptional regulators of human gene expression, seem to be valuable options for consideration as key modifiers of individual cancer risk, and therefore may be helpful in predicting inter-individual differences in cancer risk, response to treatment and prognosis. METHODS There have not been many studies focused on the relationship between miRNA variants and HNSCC published in PubMed within the last 15 years. We found and analyzed 30 reviews, meta-analyses and research papers and revealed 14 SNPs which have been reported as significant in the context of HNSCC susceptibility and/or prognosis. RESULTS These 14 SNPs were located in 13 separate miRNAs. Among them, four were the most frequently studied (miRNA-146, -196, -149 and -499) and have been shown to have the greatest impact on the course of HNSCC. However, the presented results have been conflicting. CONCLUSIONS It must be concluded that, despite the years of studies, there are no conclusive reports demonstrating a significant role of SNPs in miRNAs in the context of the susceptibility to HNSCC or its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szmida
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
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Gene polymorphisms and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:1045-1057. [PMID: 36632296 PMCID: PMC9826662 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are associated with variable prognosis even with similar clinical characteristics and treatments. Gene polymorphisms have been suggested as prognostic factors for HNSCC which can justified this variable prognosis. So, the aim was to review literatures on gene polymorphisms and prognosis of HNSCCs. Materials and methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Cochrane library databases to find all related articles published up to December 2021 in the field of gene polymorphisms and HNSCC prognosis. Results Of 1029 initial searched articles, 71 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. About 93 genes and 204 polymorphisms have been discussed in these articles. Among the most studied polymorphisms, the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms were not associated with survival in most studies; the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism had no significant association in any of the studies. Different gene polymorphisms of glutathione s-transferase family, including GSTM1 deletion, GSTT1 deletion and GSTP1 A313G, were not associated with survival in included studies. There are conflicting results regarding the association between polymorphisms such as ERCC2 A35931C, Asp312Asn, ERCC5 rs1047768 and rs17655 with HNSCC prognosis. Less studied polymorphisms, such as hOGG1 rs1052133 or the VEGF rs699947, were generally not associated with HNSCC prognosis. Conclusion Reviewed articles reported varied and contradictory results regarding the association of gene polymorphisms and HNSCC prognosis, which necessitates further studies along with meta-analysis on the results of such studies.
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Bozgeyik E, Bozgeyik İ. Non-coding RNA variations in oral cancers: a comprehensive review. Gene 2022; 851:147012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carron J, Torricelli C, Silva JK, Queiroz GSR, Ortega MM, Lima CSP, Lourenço GJ. microRNAs deregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2020; 43:645-667. [PMID: 33159410 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the eighth most common human cancer worldwide. Besides tobacco and alcohol consumption, genetic and epigenetic alterations play an important role in HNSCC occurrence and progression. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate cell cycle, proliferation, development, differentiation, and apoptosis by interfering in gene expression. Expression profiling of miRNAs showed that some miRNAs are upregulated or downregulated in tumor cells when compared with the normal cells. The present review focuses on the role of miRNAs deregulations in HNSCC, enrolled in risk, development, outcome, and therapy sensitivity. Moreover, the influence of single nucleotide variants in miRNAs target sites, miRNAs seed sites, and miRNAs-processing genes in HNSCC was also revised. Due to its potential for cancer diagnosis, progression, and as a therapeutic target, miRNAs may bring new perspectives in HNSCC understanding and therapy, especially for those patients with no or insufficient treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carron
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Torricelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Janet K Silva
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S R Queiroz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manoela M Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carmen S P Lima
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Kim JO, Kim HW, An HJ, Kim OJ, Oh J, Chong SY, Choi WI, Oh D, Kim NK. Association study of miR-146a, miR-149, miR-196a2, and miR-499 polymorphisms with venous thromboembolism in a Korean population. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 47:255-262. [PMID: 30637557 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite much progress in microRNA (miRNA) research, information regarding the association between miRNAs and venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially in Asian patients, remains limited. This case-control study sought to determine the correlation between the presence of polymorphisms in the genes encoding the miRNAs miR-146a, miR-149, miR-196a2, miR-499, and VTE in Korean patients. We observed no statistically significant differences in the genotype frequency of miRNA polymorphisms between 300 control individuals and 203 VTE patients. However, we observed a significant association between three allelic combinations of miRNA polymorphisms and VTE risk. Overall, our findings suggest that specific miRNA polymorphisms are associated with the risk of VTE in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hui Jeong An
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ok Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - So Young Chong
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Ding HX, Lv Z, Yuan Y, Xu Q. MiRNA Polymorphisms and Cancer Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:596. [PMID: 30619739 PMCID: PMC6300499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating studies have focused on the relationship between miRNAs polymorphisms and cancer prognosis. However, the results are conflicting and unconvincing. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between miRNAs polymorphisms and cancer prognosis, aiming to seek for markers with cancer prognostic function. Methods: Hazard ratio of overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival were calculated to evaluate the association between miRNAs polymorphisms and cancer prognosis by using Stata software 11.0. Results: We systematically reviewed the association of 17 miRNAs SNPs with cancer prognosis including 24,721 samples. It was shown that 6 miRNAs SNPs (miR-608 rs4919510, miR-492 rs2289030, miR-378 rs1076064, miR-499 rs4919510, miR-149 rs2292832, miR-196a2 rs11614913) were associated with better cancer overall survival (OS) while let-7i rs10877887 was associated with poor OS; the homozygous and heterozygote genotype of miR-423 were related to poor cancer relapse-free survival (RFS) when compared with the wild genotype; miR-146 rs2910164 was linked to favorable cancer DFS while miR-196a2 rs11614913 was associated with poor DFS. Conclusions: In summary, let-7i rs10877887, miR-608 rs4919510, miR-492 rs2289030, miR-378 rs1076064, miR-423 rs6505162, miR-499 rs4919510, miR-149 rs2292832, miR-146 rs2910164, and miR-196a2 rs11614913 might serve as potential biomarkers for cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
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Ding W, Li M, Sun T, Han D, Guo X, Chen X, Wan Q, Zhang X, Wang J. A polymorphism rs3746444 within the pre-miR-499 alters the maturation of miR-499-5p and its antiapoptotic function. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5418-5428. [PMID: 30102014 PMCID: PMC6201352 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs that function as post‐transcriptional regulators of cardiac development and cardiovascular diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes are a novel class of genetic variations in the human genome that confer the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we identified a polymorphism A→G (rs3746444) in miR‐499 precursor (pre‐miR‐499) that affects the maturation of miR‐499‐5p and alters its antiapoptotic function by converting stable A‐U base pair to wobble G‐U base pair in pre‐miR‐499 secondary structure. Furthermore, our results showed that the concentrations of plasma miR‐499‐5p could be correlated with myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) patients in comparison with control subjects and polymorphism rs3746444 in miR‐499 could influence its abundance in plasma. Finally, our results also showed that the variant of polymorphism in miR‐499 influenced the severity of the myocardial infarction significantly. This is the first report to highlight the biological significance of this polymorphism on the maturation of miR‐499‐5p and its antiapoptotic role during MI. These findings may pave a way to better understand the individual variability based on miRNA SNPs in heart diseases and may contribute to better treatment for disease severity on a personalized level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Han
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoci Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinggong Wan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhi Y, Zhou H, Mubalake A, Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang K, Chu X, Wang R. Regulation and functions of MicroRNA-149 in human cancers. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12465. [PMID: 29999552 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in the regulatory mechanisms involving cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Recent research efforts have been conducted to apply these discoveries into clinical functions, including the early diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of patients with cancer. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-149 (miR-149) is dysregulated in various human cancers and exerts its effects on tumorigenesis and tumour progression. In this review, we summarized the potential roles of miR-149 dysregulation and its target genes during tumorigenesis and clinical treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abudoureyimu Mubalake
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Xu M, Xiao J, Chen M, Yuan L, Li J, Shen H, Yao S. miR‑149‑5p promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer via the inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:815-827. [PMID: 29393390 PMCID: PMC5807033 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance remains a critical clinical issue is responsible for treatment failure in patients with ovarian cancer. Evidence of the involvement of miRNAs in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer has been recently emerging. However, the underlying molecular links between chemoresistance and miRNAs remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that miR-149-5p expression is markedly elevated in chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues compared with the chemosensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, the silencing of miR-149-5p enhanced the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, the upregulation of miR-149-5p aggravated chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Our results further revealed that miR-149-5p directly targeted the core kinase components of the Hippo signaling pathway, STE20-like kinase (MST)1 and protein salvador homolog 1 (SAV1), resulting in the inactivation of TEA domain (TEAD) transcription. On the whole, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of of action miR-149-5p in inducing chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, indicating that miR-149-5p may serve as a chemotherapeutic response indicator and a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Linjing Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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He Y, Yu D, Zhu L, Zhong S, Zhao J, Tang J. miR-149 in Human Cancer: A Systemic Review. J Cancer 2018; 9:375-388. [PMID: 29344284 PMCID: PMC5771345 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of targeted mRNAs. They are reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. Among them, miR-149 was confirmed to be aberrantly regulated in various tumors. In this review, we provide a complex overview of miR-149, particularly summarize the critical roles of it in cancers and expect to lay the foundation for future works on this important microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie He
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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miRNAs: Important Targets for Oral Cancer Pain Research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4043516. [PMID: 29214166 PMCID: PMC5682905 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4043516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a symptom shared by an incredible number of diseases. It is also one of the primary conditions that prompt individuals to seek medical treatment. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) corresponds to a heterogeneous disease that may arise from many distinct structures of a large, highly complex, and intricate region. HNSCC affects a great number of patients worldwide and is directly associated with chronic pain, which is especially prominent during the advanced stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an anatomical and clinical subtype that corresponds to the great majority oral cancers. Although the cellular and molecular bases of oral cancer pain have not been fully established yet, the results of recent studies suggest that different epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to this process. For instance, there is strong scientific evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, might act by regulating the mechanisms underlying cancer-related pain. Among the miRNAs that could possibly interfere in pain-signaling pathways, miR-125b, miR-181, and miR-339 emerge as some of the most promising candidates. In fact, such molecules apparently contribute to inflammatory pain. Moreover, these molecules possibly influence the activity of endogenous pain control systems (e.g., opioidergic and serotonergic systems), which could ultimately result in peripheral and central sensitization, central nervous system (CNS) phenomena innately associated with chronic pain. This review paper focuses on the current scientific knowledge regarding the involvement of miRNAs in cancer pain, with special attention dedicated to OSCC-related pain.
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