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Abstract
Despite the therapeutic progress, relapse remains a major problem in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Most leukemia cells that survive chemotherapy are found in the bone marrow (BM), thus resistance to chemotherapy and other treatments may be partially attributed to pro-survival signaling to leukemic cells mediated by leukemia cell-microenvironment interactions. Adhesion of leukemia cells to BM stromal cells may lead to cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) mediating intracellular signaling changes that support survival of leukemia cells. In ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), adhesion-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has been shown to be critical in CAM-DR. PI3K targeting inhibitors have been approved for CLL and have been evaluated preclinically in ALL. However, PI3K inhibition has yet to be approved for clinical use in ALL. Here, we review the role of PI3K signaling for normal hematopoietic and leukemia cells and summarize preclinical inhibitors of PI3K in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather Ogana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vanessa Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cydney Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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2
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2016-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:877-892. [PMID: 33970742 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating cell growth and proliferation and thus has been considered as effective anticancer drug targets. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed and progressed to various stages of clinical trials, and some have been approved as anticancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of PI3K inhibitors over the past 4 years. We review the selectivity and potency of 47 PI3K inhibitors. Structural determinants for increasing selectivity toward PI3K subtype-selectivity or mutant selectivity are discussed. Future research direction and current clinical development in combination therapy of inhibitors involved in PI3Ks are also discussed.Area covered: This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on PI3K inhibitors and their selectivity published between 2016 and 2020.Expert opinion: To PI3Kα mutants (E542K, E545K, and H1047R), it is highly desirable to design and develop mutant-specific PI3K inhibitors. It is also necessary to develop subtype-selective PI3Kα inhibitors to minimize toxicity. To reduce drug resistance and to improve efficacy, future studies should include combination therapy of PI3K inhibitors with existing anticancer drugs from different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 362, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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3
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Thakur A, Tawa GJ, Henderson MJ, Danchik C, Liu S, Shah P, Wang AQ, Dunn G, Kabir M, Padilha EC, Xu X, Simeonov A, Kharbanda S, Stone R, Grewal G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Quinazolin-4-one-Based Hydroxamic Acids as Dual PI3K/HDAC Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4256-4292. [PMID: 32212730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of quinazolin-4-one based hydroxamic acids was rationally designed and synthesized as novel dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitors by incorporating an HDAC pharmacophore into a PI3K inhibitor (Idelalisib) via an optimized linker. Several of these dual inhibitors were highly potent (IC50 < 10 nM) and selective against PI3Kγ, δ and HDAC6 enzymes and exhibited good antiproliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines. The lead compound 48c, induced necrosis in several mutant and FLT3-resistant AML cell lines and primary blasts from AML patients, while showing no cytotoxicity against normal PBMCs, NIH3T3, and HEK293 cells. Target engagement of PI3Kδ and HDAC6 by 48c was demonstrated in MV411 cells using the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Compound 48c showed good pharmacokinetics properties in mice via intraperitoneal (ip) administration and provides a means to examine the biological effects of inhibiting these two important enzymes with a single molecule, either in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Thakur
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Gregory J Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Suiyang Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Garrett Dunn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Elias C Padilha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Richard Stone
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gurmit Grewal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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4
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Targeting PI3K Signaling in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020412. [PMID: 30669372 PMCID: PMC6358886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to bone marrow stroma cells triggers intracellular signals regulating cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Stromal cell protection of ALL cells has been shown to require active AKT. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), adhesion-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is reported. A novel FDA-approved PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101/idelalisib, leads to downregulation of p-AKT and increased apoptosis of CLL cells. Recently, two additional PI3K inhibitors have received FDA approval. As the PI3K/AKT pathway is also implicated in adhesion-mediated survival of ALL cells, PI3K inhibitors have been evaluated preclinically in ALL. However, PI3K inhibition has yet to be approved for clinical use in ALL. Here, we review the role of PI3K in normal hematopoietic cells, and in ALL. We focus on summarizing targeting strategies of PI3K in ALL.
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Liang X, Li F, Chen C, Jiang Z, Wang A, Liu X, Ge J, Hu Z, Yu K, Wang W, Zou F, Liu Q, Wang B, Wang L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu J. Discovery of (S)-2-amino-N-(5-(6-chloro-5-(3-methylphenylsulfonamido)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-3-methylbutanamide (CHMFL-PI3KD-317) as a potent and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:831-846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Xie C, He Y, Zhen M, Wang Y, Xu Y, Lou L. Puquitinib, a novel orally available PI3Kδ inhibitor, exhibits potent antitumor efficacy against acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1476-1484. [PMID: 28418085 PMCID: PMC5497803 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3Kδ isoform (PIK3CD), also known as P110δ, is predominately expressed in leukocytes and has been implicated as a potential target in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In this report, we detailed the pharmacologic properties of puquitinib, a novel, orally available PI3Kδ inhibitor. Puquitinib, which binds to the ATP‐binding pocket of PI3Kδ, was highly selective and potent for PI3Kδ relative to other PI3K isoforms and a panel of protein kinases, exhibiting low‐nanomolar biochemical and cellular inhibitory potencies. Additional cellular profiling demonstrated that puquitinib inhibited proliferation, induced G1‐phase cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, through downregulation of PI3K signaling. In in vivo AML xenografts, puquitinib alone showed stronger efficacy than the well‐known p110δ inhibitor, CAL‐101, in association with a reduction in AKT and ERK phosphorylation in tumor tissues, without causing noticeable toxicity. Furthermore, the combination of puquitinib with cytotoxic drugs, especially daunorubicin, yielded significantly stronger antitumor efficacy compared with each agent alone. Thus, puquitinib is a promising agent with pharmacologic properties that are favorable for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Zhen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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Ferguson FM, Ni J, Zhang T, Tesar B, Sim T, Kim ND, Deng X, Brown JR, Zhao JJ, Gray NS. Discovery of a Series of 5,11-Dihydro-6 H-benzo[ e]pyrimido[5,4- b][1,4]diazepin-6-ones as Selective PI3K-δ/γ Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:908-912. [PMID: 27774127 PMCID: PMC5066161 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual inhibition of PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ is an established therapeutic strategy for treatment of hematological malignancies. Reported molecules targeting PI3K-δ/γ selectively are chemically similar and based upon isoquinolin-1(2H)-one or quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffolds. Here we report a chemically distinct series of potent, selective PI3K-δ/γ inhibitors based on a 5,11-dihydro-6H-benzo[e]pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6-one scaffold with comparable biochemical potency and cellular effects on PI3K signaling. We envisage these molecules will provide useful leads for development of next-generation PI3K-δ/γ targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur M. Ferguson
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Bethany Tesar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School
of Converging Science and Technology, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk
Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic
of Korea
| | - Xianming Deng
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer
Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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