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Lim SH, Chua W, Ng W, Ip E, Marques TM, Tran NT, Gama-Carvalho M, Asghari R, Henderson C, Ma Y, de Souza P, Spring KJ. Circulating Tumour Cell Associated MicroRNA Profiles Change during Chemoradiation and Are Predictive of Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4184. [PMID: 37627212 PMCID: PMC10452825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has traditionally been treated with trimodality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant radiation +/- chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. There is currently a clinical need for biomarkers to predict treatment response and outcomes, especially during neoadjuvant therapy. Liquid biopsies in the form of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating nucleic acids in particular microRNAs (miRNA) are novel, the latter also being highly stable and clinically relevant regulators of disease. We studied a prospective cohort of 52 patients with LARC, and obtained samples at baseline, during treatment, and post-treatment. We enumerated CTCs during chemoradiation at these three time-points, using the IsofluxTM (Fluxion Biosciences Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) CTC Isolation and detection platform. We then subjected the isolated CTCs to miRNA expression analyses, using a panel of 106 miRNA candidates. We identified CTCs in 73% of patients at baseline; numbers fell and miRNA expression profiles also changed during treatment. Between baseline and during treatment (week 3) time-points, three microRNAs (hsa-miR-95, hsa-miR-10a, and hsa-miR-16-1*) were highly differentially expressed. Importantly, hsa-miR-19b-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p were found to correlate with good response to treatment. The latter (hsa-miR-483-5p) was also found to be differentially expressed between good responders and poor responders. These miRNAs represent potential predictive biomarkers, and thus a potential miRNA-based treatment strategy. In this study, we demonstrate that CTCs are present and can be isolated in the non-metastatic early-stage cancer setting, and their associated miRNA profiles can potentially be utilized to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Lim
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Emilia Ip
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Tania M. Marques
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (T.M.M.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Nham T. Tran
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (T.M.M.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ray Asghari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia;
| | | | - Yafeng Ma
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Spring
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (W.C.); (W.N.); (E.I.); (Y.M.); (P.d.S.)
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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Ishinaga H, Okugawa Y, Hou B, He F, Yin C, Murata M, Toiyama Y, Takeuchi K. The role of miR-21 as a predictive biomarker and a potential target to improve the effects of chemoradiotherapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023:rrad043. [PMID: 37312615 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether circulating miR-21 represents a predictive biomarker in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy, and to investigate the effect of miR-21 inhibitor for chemoradiation in human SCC cells. Plasma samples were obtained from 22 patients with HNSCC and 25 non-cancer volunteers. Plasma miR-21 expression was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effects of miR-21 inhibitor in human SCC cells were investigated by performing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. As a result, plasma miR-21 expression was higher in HNSCC patients than in control patients (P < 0.001). Seven patients with recurrence showed significantly higher plasma miR-21 than the 15 patients without recurrence. And high miR-21 expression group showed poor overall survival. Moreover, miR-21 inhibition significantly enhanced cisplatin- or radiation-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis suggested the programmed cell death 4 protein as a potential target of miR-21 in relation to apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the role of miR-21 as a predictive biomarker for HNSCC treated with chemoradiotherapy and suggests a potential target to improve the effects of chemoradiotherapy against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ishinaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Feng He
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Yang IP, Yip KL, Chang YT, Chen YC, Huang CW, Tsai HL, Yeh YS, Wang JY. MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051358. [PMID: 36900159 PMCID: PMC10000071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. The underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC is complex, involving genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors. Although radical resection with adjuvant FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have remained mainstays of treatment for patients with stage III CRC and locally advanced rectal cancer, respectively, the oncological outcomes of these treatments are often unsatisfactory. To improve patients' chances of survival, researchers are actively searching for new biomarkers to facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for CRC and metastatic CRC (mCRC). MicroRNAs (miRs), small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, can post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Recent studies have documented aberrant miR levels in patients with CRC or mCRC, and some miRs are reportedly associated with chemoresistance or radioresistance in CRC. Herein, we present a narrative review of the literature on the roles of oncogenic miRs (oncomiRs) and tumor suppressor miRs (anti-oncomiRs), some of which can be used to predict the responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, miRs may serve as potential therapeutic targets because their functions can be manipulated using synthetic antagonists and miR mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Yang
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Ling Yip
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Lombardi G, Delvin E. Micro-RNA: A Future Approach to Personalized Diagnosis of Bone Diseases. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:271-287. [PMID: 35182198 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent bone disease worldwide and the most studied bone-associated pathological condition. Although its diagnosis makes use of advanced and clinically relevant imaging and biochemical tools, the information suffers from several limitations and has little or no prognostic value. In this context, circulating micro-RNAs represent a potentially attractive alternative or a useful addition to the diagnostic arsenal and offer a greater prognostic potential than the conventional approaches. These short non-coding RNA molecules act as inhibitors of gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs with different degrees of complementarity, establishing a complex multilevel network, the basis for the fine modulation of gene expression that finally regulates every single activity of a cell. Micro-RNAs may passively and/or actively be released in the circulation by source cells, and being measurable in biological fluids, their concentrations may be associated to specific pathophysiological conditions. Mounting, despite debatable, evidence supports the use of micro-RNAs as markers of bone cell metabolic activity and bone diseases. Indeed, several micro-RNAs have been associated with bone mineral density, fractures and osteoporosis. However, concerns such as absence of comparability between studies and, the lack of standardization and harmonization of the methods, limit their application. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological bases of the association between micro-RNAs and the deregulation of bone cells activity and the processes that led to the identification of potential micro-RNA-based markers associated with metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milano, Italy.
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Centre & Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
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Integrated Microarray-Based Data Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles: Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Cisplatin-Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032495. [PMID: 36768818 PMCID: PMC9916636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common solid malignancy among young men, and their incidence is still increasing. Despite good curability with cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy, about 10% of TGCTs are non-responsive and show a chemoresistant phenotype. To further increase TGCT curability, better prediction of risk of relapse and early detection of refractory cases is needed. Therefore, to diagnose this malignancy more precisely, stratify patients more accurately and improve decision-making on treatment modality, new biomarkers are still required. Numerous studies showed association of differential expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) with cancer. Using microarray analysis followed by RT-qPCR validation, we identified specific miRNA expression patterns that discriminate chemoresistant phenotypes in TGCTs. Comparing CDDP-resistant vs. -sensitive TGCT cell lines, we identified miR-218-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, let-7a and miR-517a-3p as significantly up-regulated and miR-374b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-20b-5p and miR-30e-3p as significantly down-regulated. In patient tumour samples, we observed the highest median values of relative expression of miR-218-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-375-5p and miR-517a-3p, but also miR-20b-5p and miR-378a-3p, in metastatic tumour samples when compared with primary tumour or control samples. In TGCT patient plasma samples, we detected increased expression of miR-218-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-517a-3p and miR-375-5p when compared to healthy individuals. We propose that miR-218-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-375-5p, miR-517-3p, miR-20b-5p and miR-378a-3p represent a new panel of biomarkers for better prediction of chemoresistance and more aggressive phenotypes potentially underlying metastatic spread in non-seminomatous TGCTs. In addition, we provide predictions of the targets and functional and regulatory networks of selected miRNAs.
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Promises and Challenges of Predictive Blood Biomarkers for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030413. [PMID: 36766755 PMCID: PMC9913546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) requires a multimodal approach combining neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery. Predicting tumor response to CRT can guide clinical decision making and improve patient care while avoiding unnecessary toxicity and morbidity. Circulating biomarkers offer both the advantage to be easily accessed and followed over time. In recent years, biomarkers such as proteins, blood cells, or nucleic acids have been investigated for their predictive value in oncology. We conducted a comprehensive literature review with the aim to summarize the status of circulating biomarkers predicting response to CRT in LARC. Forty-nine publications, of which forty-seven full-text articles, one review and one systematic review, were retrieved. These studies evaluated circulating markers (CEA and CA 19-9), inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, albumin, and lymphocytes), hematologic markers (hemoglobin and thrombocytes), lipids and circulating nucleic acids (cell-free DNA [cfDNA], circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA], and microRNA [miRNA]). Post-CRT CEA levels had the most consistent association with tumor response, while cfDNA integrity index, MGMT promoter methylation, ERCC-1, miRNAs, and miRNA-related SNPs were identified as potential predictive markers. Although circulating biomarkers hold great promise, inconsistent results, low statistical power, and low specificity and sensibility prevent them from reliably predicting tumor response following CRT. Validation and standardization of methods and technologies are further required to confirm results.
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Radiomics Approaches for the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Ready for Prime Time? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020432. [PMID: 36672381 PMCID: PMC9857080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer has seen tremendous modifications. Adding neoadjuvant chemotherapy before or after chemoradiotherapy significantly increases loco-regional disease-free survival, negative surgical margin rates, and complete response rates. The higher complete rate is particularly clinically meaningful given the possibility of organ preservation in this specific sub-population, without compromising overall survival. However, all locally advanced rectal cancer most likely does not benefit from total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), but experiences higher toxicity rates. Diagnosis of complete response after neoadjuvant therapy is a real challenge, with a risk of false negatives and possible under-treatment. These new therapeutic approaches thus raise the need for better selection tools, enabling a personalized therapeutic approach for each patient. These tools mostly focus on the prediction of the pathological complete response given the clinical impact. In this article, we review the place of different biomarkers (clinical, biological, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and radiomics) as well as their clinical implementation and discuss the most recent trends for future steps in prediction modeling in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Jayasinghe R, Jayarajah U, Seneviratne S. Circulating Biomarkers in Predicting Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers show promise in the management of many cancers.
They have become the novel non-invasive approach to complement the current
strategies in colorectal cancer (CRC) management. Their ability in guiding diagnosis,
evaluating response to treatment, screening and prognosis is phenomenal, especially
when it comes to their minimally invasive nature. These “liquid biopsies,” which show
potential for replacing invasive surgical biopsies, provide useful information on the
primary and metastatic disease by providing an insight into cancer biology. Analysis of
blood and body fluids for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA), circulating tumour cells (CTC), or circulating micro RNA (miRNA) shows
potential for improving CRC management. Recognizing a predictive model to assess
response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy would help in better patient selection. This
review was conducted with the aim of outlining the use of circulatory biomarkers in
current practice and their effectiveness in the management of patients having CRC with
a focus on response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindri Jayasinghe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sanjeewa Seneviratne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Pham TT, Lim S, Lin M. Predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response with functional imaging and liquid biomarkers in locally advanced rectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1081-1098. [PMID: 35993178 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive predictive quantitative biomarkers are required to guide treatment individualization in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in order to maximise therapeutic outcomes and minimise treatment toxicity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and blood biomarkers have the potential to predict chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response in LARC. AREAS COVERED This review examines the value of functional imaging (MRI and PET) and liquid biomarkers (circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA)) in the prediction of CRT response in LARC. Selected imaging and liquid biomarker studies are presented and the current status of the most promising imaging (apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC), Ktrans, SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and liquid biomarkers (circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA)) is discussed. The potential applications of imaging and liquid biomarkers for treatment stratification and a pathway to clinical translation are presented. EXPERT OPINION Functional imaging and liquid biomarkers provide novel ways of predicting CRT response. The clinical and technical validation of the most promising imaging and liquid biopsy biomarkers in multi-centre studies with harmonised acquisition techniques is required. This will enable clinical trials to investigate treatment escalation or de-escalation pathways in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thanh Pham
- South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170
| | - Stephanie Lim
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown Australia 2560.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney 2560
| | - Michael Lin
- South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney 2560.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170
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Huang CM, Tsai HL, Chen YC, Huang CW, Li CC, Su WC, Chang TK, Yeh YS, Chen PJ, Huang MY, Wang JY. Role of non-coding RNAs in radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:889658. [PMID: 35936676 PMCID: PMC9354854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health concern because of its high prevalence and mortality. Although radiotherapy is a key method for treating CRC, radioresistance is an obstacle to radiotherapy use. The molecular mechanisms underlying the radioresistance of CRC remain unclear. Increasing evidence has revealed the multiple regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in numerous malignancies, including CRC. Several ncRNAs have been reported to be involved in the determination of radiosensitivity of CRC cells, and some have excellent potential to be prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in CRC treatment. The present review discusses the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of ncRNAs (primarily lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA) in the regulation of the radiosensitivity of CRC. We also evaluate studies that examined ncRNAs as biomarkers of response to radiation and as therapeutic targets for enhancing radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Su
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jaw-Yuan Wang, ;
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11
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Li J, Sun J, Liu Z, Zeng Z, Ouyang S, Zhang Z, Ma M, Kang W. The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Radiotherapy of Gastrointestinal Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862563. [PMID: 35517505 PMCID: PMC9065280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), or radiation therapy, has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of local advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. RT causes DNA double-strand breaks leading to cell cytotoxicity and indirectly damages tumor cells by activating downstream genes. Non-coding RNA (including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and circular RNAs) is a type of RNA that does not encode a protein. As the field of ncRNAs increasingly expands, new complex roles have gradually emerged for ncRNAs in RT. It has been shown that ncRNAs can act as radiosensitivity regulators in gastrointestinal carcinoma by affecting DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, irradiation-induced apoptosis, cell autophagy, stemness, EMT, and cell pyroptosis. Here, we review the complex roles of ncRNAs in RT and gastrointestinal carcinoma. We also discuss the potential clinical significance and predictive value of ncRNAs in response to RT for guiding the individualized treatment of patients. This review can serve as a guide for the application of ncRNAs as radiosensitivity enhancers, radioresistance inducers, and predictors of response in RT of gastrointestinal carcinoma.
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12
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C-Reactive Protein as Predictive Biomarker for Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030491. [PMID: 35158759 PMCID: PMC8833484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most patients with locally advanced rectal cancer present resistance or a moderate response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), which is considered the standard of care. To select patients who could benefit from nCRT, while avoiding unnecessary treatment-induced toxicity and surgery-associated morbidity, it is urgent to find biomarkers of response to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our retrospective study was to assess the potential of classical blood analytes collected before chemoradiotherapy as biomarkers of response to treatment and prognostics in locally advanced rectal cancer. Our results identified C-reactive protein ≤3.5 as a strong independent predictor of response to treatment and an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, platelets were found to be independent predictors of DFS and OS and hemoglobin of DFS. These data might contribute to the personalization of rectal cancer treatment by guiding clinicians in decision-making regarding the best treatment strategy for each patient. Abstract The standard of care for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery, but complete response rates are reduced. To find predictive biomarkers of response to therapy, we conducted a retrospective study evaluating blood biomarkers before nCRT. Hemoglobin (Hg), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19.9 levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were obtained from 171 rectal cancer patients before nCRT. Patients were classified as responders (Ryan 0–1; ycT0N0), 59.6% (n = 102), or nonresponders (Ryan 2–3), 40.3% (n = 69), in accordance with the Ryan classification. A logistic regression using prognostic pretreatment factors identified CRP ≤ 3.5 (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01–0.21) as a strong independent predictor of response to treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that CRP was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 5.48; 95%CI: 1.54–19.48) and overall survival (HR = 6.10; 95%CI 1.27–29.33) in patients treated with nCRT. Platelets were an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 3.068; 95%CI: 1.29–7.30) and OS (HR= 4.65; 95%CI: 1.66–13.05) and Hg was revealed to be an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.15–0.90) in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT. The lower expression of CRP is independently associated with an improved response to nCRT, DFS, and OS.
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13
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Mendis S, To YH, Tie J. Biomarkers in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Review. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021; 21:36-44. [PMID: 34961731 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancers (LARC) are the subject of a rapidly evolving treatment paradigm. The critical timepoints where management decisions are required during the care of the LARC patient are: prior to the institution of any treatment, post neoadjuvant therapy and post-surgery. This article reviews the clinical, imaging, blood-based, tissue-based, and molecular biomarkers that can assist clinicians at these timepoints in the patient's management, in prognosticating for their LARC patients or in predicting responses to therapy in the multi-modality neoadjuvant treatment era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehara Mendis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia; 2. Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yat Hang To
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Chen W, Wang W. Serum hsa-miR-30e As a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:696-706. [PMID: 34788143 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify serum microRNAs (miRNAs) correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients using in silico analysis and laboratory validation studies. Methods: GSE68204 and GSE68204 data sets were analyzed to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in NCRT responders using the GEO2R Limma package within the R software suite. Then we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the upregulated target miRNAs in the serum of 20 LARC patients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of serum miRNA level on response. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the corresponding functions of the DE miRNAs. Correlation between the expression of the hub target genes and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was further investigated. Results: hsa-miR-30e and hsa-miR-210 were verified to be upregulated in tumor tissues of NCRT responders. Subsequent liquid-biopsy studies revealed that the serum level of miR-30e was associated with a 2.47-fold increased incidence of NCRT-responsive patients in comparison with nonresponders (p-value = 0.038, Mann-Whitney test). Nine hub target genes of hsa-miR-30e were enriched in pathways including immune regulation. The expression of these hub target genes was correlated with abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusion: In summary, hsa-miR-30e was determined to be upregulated in rectal cancer tissues of NCRT-responders. Further investigations showed that increased serum levels of hsa-miR-30e were associated with an effective NCRT response in LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Abdominal Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Abdominal Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
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15
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Kokaine L, Gardovskis A, Gardovskis J. Evaluation and Predictive Factors of Complete Response in Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57101044. [PMID: 34684080 PMCID: PMC8537499 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is an important prognostic factor for locally advanced rectal cancer. Although the majority of the patients after neoadjuvant therapy are referred to following surgery, the clinical data show that complete clinical or pathological response is found in a significant proportion of the patients. Diagnostic accuracy of confirming the complete response has a crucial role in further management of a rectal cancer patient. As the rate of clinical complete response, unfortunately, is not always consistent with pathological complete response, accurate diagnostic parameters and predictive markers of tumor response may help to guide more personalized treatment strategies and identify potential candidates for nonoperative management more safely. The management of complete response demands interdisciplinary collaboration including oncologists, radiotherapists, radiologists, pathologists, endoscopists and surgeons, because the absence of a multidisciplinary approach may compromise the oncological outcome. Prediction and improvement of rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy is still an active and challenging field of further research. This literature review is summarizing the main, currently known clinical information about the complete response that could be useful in case if encountering such condition in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, using as a source PubMed publications from 2010–2021 matching the search terms “rectal cancer”, “neoadjuvant therapy” and “response”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kokaine
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; or
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsoņu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (J.G.); Tel.: +371-2635-9472 (L.K.)
| | - Andris Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; or
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsoņu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; or
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsoņu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (J.G.); Tel.: +371-2635-9472 (L.K.)
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16
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Malczewska A, Frampton AE, Mato Prado M, Ameri S, Dabrowska AF, Zagorac S, Clift AK, Kos-Kudła B, Faiz O, Stebbing J, Castellano L, Frilling A. Circulating MicroRNAs in Small-bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Potential Tool for Diagnosis and Assessment of Effectiveness of Surgical Resection. Ann Surg 2021; 274:e1-e9. [PMID: 31373926 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover serum-based microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNET) to help guide clinical decisions. BACKGROUND MiRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules implicated in the initiation and progression of many cancers. MiRNAs are remarkably stable in bodily fluids, and can potentially be translated into clinically useful biomarkers. Novel biomarkers are needed in SBNET to determine disease aggressiveness, select patients for treatment, detect early recurrence, and monitor response. METHODS This study was performed in 3 stages (discovery, validation, and a prospective, longitudinal assessment). Discovery comprised of global profiling of 376 miRNA in sera from SBNET patients (n = 11) versus healthy controls (HCs; n = 3). Up-regulated miRNAs were subsequently validated in additional SBNET (n = 33) and HC sera (n = 14); and then longitudinally after SBNET resection (n = 12), with serial serum sampling (preoperatively day 0; postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 12 months). RESULTS Four serum miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, -362-5p, -425-5p and -500a-5p) were significantly up-regulated in SBNET (P < 0.05; fold-change >2) based on multiple normalization strategies, and were validated by RT-qPCR. This combination was able to differentiate SBNET from HC with an area under the curve of 0.951. Longitudinal assessment revealed that miR-125b-5p returned towards HC levels at 1 month postoperatively in patients without disease, whereas remaining up-regulated in those with residual disease (RSD). This was also true at 12 months postoperatively. In addition, miR-362-5p appeared up-regulated at 12 months in RSD and recurrent disease (RCD). CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the largest global profiling of serum miRNAs in SBNET patients, and the first to evaluate ongoing serum miRNA expression changes after surgical resection. Serum miR-125b-5p and miR-362-5p have potential to be used to detect RSD/RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malczewska
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Mireia Mato Prado
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Shima Ameri
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Aleksandra F Dabrowska
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Sladjana Zagorac
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Ashley K Clift
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Omar Faiz
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrea Frilling
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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17
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Xing Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Xia J, Xie Z, Jiao M, Liu R, Chu Y. MicroRNAs: immune modulators in cancer immunotherapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab006. [PMID: 35919742 PMCID: PMC9327120 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous small non-coding RNA of 18–25 nucleotides and plays regulatory roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence support that miRNAs function as immune modulators in tumors. MiRNAs as tumor suppressors or oncogenes are also found to be able to modulate anti-tumor immunity or link the crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells surrounding. Based on the specific regulating function, miRNAs can be used as predictive, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in immunotherapy. Here, we review new findings about the role of miRNAs in modulating immune responses, as well as discuss mechanisms underlying their dysregulation, and their clinical potentials as indicators of tumor prognosis or to sensitize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjuan Xie
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Jiao
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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18
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Fischer J, Eglinton TW, Richards SJ, Frizelle FA. Predicting pathological response to chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:489-500. [PMID: 33356679 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1868992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological complete response (pCR) rates of approximately 20% following neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer have given rise to non-operative or watch-and-wait (W&W) management. To improve outcomes there has been significant research into predictors of response. The goal is to optimize selection for W&W, avoid chemoradiotherapy in those who won't benefit and improve treatment to maximize the clinical complete response (cCR) rate and the number of patients who can be considered for W&W.Areas covered: A systematic review of articles published 2008-2018 and indexed in PubMed, Embase or Medline was performed to identify predictors of pathological response (including pCR and recognized tumor regression grades) to fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy in patients who underwent total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Evidence for clinical, biomarker and radiological predictors is discussed as well as potential future directions.Expert opinion: Our current ability to predict the response to chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is very limited. cCR of 40% has been achieved with total neoadjuvant therapy. If neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer continues to improve it is possible that the treatment for rectal cancer may eventually parallel that of anal squamous cell carcinoma, with surgery reserved for the minority of patients who don't respond to chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Fischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of General Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim W Eglinton
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of General Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Jg Richards
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of General Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank A Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of General Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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19
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Peng B, Theng PY, Le MTN. Essential functions of miR-125b in cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12913. [PMID: 33332677 PMCID: PMC7848968 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved non-coding RNAs that silence target mRNAs, and compelling evidence suggests that they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of human diseases, especially cancer. miR-125b, which is the mammalian orthologue of the first discovered miRNA lin-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans, is one of the most important miRNAs that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. The role of miR-125b in many types of cancer has been well established, and so here we review the current knowledge of how miR-125b is deregulated in different types of cancer; its oncogenic and/or tumour-suppressive roles in tumourigenesis and cancer progression; and its regulation with regard to treatment response, all of which are underlined in multiple studies. The emerging information that elucidates the essential functions of miR-125b might help support its potentiality as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as an effective therapeutic tool against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh Ying Theng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Dual Role of the PTPN13 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121659. [PMID: 33322542 PMCID: PMC7763032 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we present the current knowledge on PTPN13, a class I non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase identified in 1994. We focus particularly on its role in cancer, where PTPN13 acts as an oncogenic protein and also a tumor suppressor. To try to understand these apparent contradictory functions, we discuss PTPN13 implication in the FAS and oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and in the associated biological activities, as well as its post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Then, we describe PTPN13 clinical significance as a prognostic marker in different cancer types and its impact on anti-cancer treatment sensitivity. Finally, we present future research axes following recent findings on its role in cell junction regulation that implicate PTPN13 in cell death and cell migration, two major hallmarks of tumor formation and progression.
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21
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Ourô S, Mourato C, Velho S, Cardador A, Ferreira MP, Albergaria D, Castro RE, Maio R, Rodrigues CMP. Potential of miR-21 to Predict Incomplete Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577653. [PMID: 33194696 PMCID: PMC7653406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, biomarkers for patient selection are lacking, and the association between miRNA expression and treatment response and oncological outcomes is unclear. Objectives: To investigate miRNAs as predictors of response to neoadjuvant CRT and its association with oncological outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed miRNA expression (miR-16, miR-21, miR-135b, miR-145, and miR-335) in pre- and post-chemoradiation rectal adenocarcinoma tissue and non-neoplastic mucosa in 91 patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT (50.4 Gy) and proctectomy. Two groups were defined: a pathological complete responders group (tumor regression grade—TRG 0) and a pathological incomplete responders group (TRG 1, 2, and 3). Results: miR-21 and miR-135b were upregulated in tumor tissue of incomplete responders comparing with non-neoplastic tissue (p = 0.008 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed significant association between miR-21 in pre-CRT tumor tissue and response, with a 3.67 odds ratio (OR) of incomplete response in patients with higher miR-21 levels (p = 0.04). Although with no significance, patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) presented reduced odds of incomplete response compared with those treated with capecitabine (OR = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–1.12, p = 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were seen in overall survival (OS) in relation to clinical TNM stage (p = 0.0004), cT (p = 0.0001), presence of distant disease (p = 0.002), mesorectal tumor deposits (p = 0.003), and tumor regression grade (p = 0.04). Conclusion: miR-21 may predict response to CRT in rectal cancer (RC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ourô
- Surgical Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Mourato
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Velho
- Surgical Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - André Cardador
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Maio
- Surgical Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Crotti S, Fraccaro A, Bedin C, Bertazzo A, Di Marco V, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M. Tryptophan Catabolism and Response to Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583228. [PMID: 33178611 PMCID: PMC7593679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In locally advanced rectal cancer patients (LARC), preoperative chemoradiation improves local control and sphincter preservation. The response rate to treatment varies substantially between 20 and 30%, and it is an important prognostic factor. Indeed, nonresponsive patients are subjected to higher rates of local and distant metastases, and worse survival compared to patients with complete response. In the search of predictive biomarkers for response prediction to therapy in LARC patients, we found increased plasma tryptophan levels in nonresponsive patients. On the basis of plasma levels of 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and kynurenine, the activities of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenases 1 (IDO1)/tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) have been obtained and data have been correlated with gene expression profiles. We demonstrated that TDO2 overexpression in nonresponsive patients correlates with kynurenine plasma levels. Finally, through the gene expression and targeted metabolomic analysis in paired healthy mucosa-rectal cancer tumor samples, we evaluated the impact of tryptophan catabolism at tissue level in responsive and nonresponsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crotti
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bedin
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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De Palma FDE, Luglio G, Tropeano FP, Pagano G, D’Armiento M, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC, De Palma GD. The Role of Micro-RNAs and Circulating Tumor Markers as Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7040. [PMID: 32987896 PMCID: PMC7582560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) is a critical step in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. Only a minority of LARC patients responds completely to neoadjuvant treatments, thus avoiding invasive radical surgical resection. Moreover, toxic side effects can adversely affect patients' survival. The difficulty in separating in advances responder from non-responder patients affected by LARC highlights the need for valid biomarkers that guide clinical decision-making. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to be promising candidates for predicting LARC prognosis and/or therapy response, particularly due to their stability, facile detection, and disease-specific expression in human tissues, blood, serum, or urine. Although a considerable number of studies involving potential miRNA predictors to nCRT have been conducted over the years, to date, the identification of the perfect miRNA signatures or single miRNA, as well as their use in the clinical practice, is still representing a challenge for the management of LARC patients. In this review, we will first introduce LARC and its difficult management. Then, we will trace the scientific history and the key obstacles for the identification of specific miRNAs that predict responsiveness to nCRT. There is a high potential to identify non-invasive biomarkers that circulate in the human bloodstream and that might indicate the LARC patients who benefit from the watch-and-wait approach. For this, we will critically evaluate recent advances dealing with cell-free nucleic acids including miRNAs and circulating tumor cells as prognostic or predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (G.K.); (M.C.M.)
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94800 Villejuif, France
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Luglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Francesca Paola Tropeano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Pagano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria D’Armiento
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (G.K.); (M.C.M.)
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 100864, China
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (G.K.); (M.C.M.)
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Giovanni Domenico De Palma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.T.); (G.P.)
- Centro Interuniversitario di Studi per l’Innovazione Tecnologica in Chirurgia, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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24
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Monsellato I, Garibaldi E, Cassinotti E, Baldari L, Boni L, Elmore U, Delpini R, Rosati R, Perinotti R, Alongi F, Bertocchi E, Gori S, Ruffo G, Pernazza G, Pulighe F, De Nisco C, Morpurgo E, Contardo T, Mammano E, Perna F, Menegatti B, Coratti A, Buccianti P, Balestri R, Ceccarelli C, Cavaliere D, Solaini L, Ercolani G, Traverso E, Fusco V, Torri V, Orecchia S. Expression levels of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers during multimodal treatment of rectal cancer - TiMiSNAR-mirna: a substudy of the TiMiSNAR Trial (NCT03962088). Trials 2020; 21:678. [PMID: 32711544 PMCID: PMC7382047 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the mainstay treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, leading to significant decrease in tumor size (downsizing) and a shift towards earlier disease stage (downstaging). Extensive histopathological work-up of the tumor specimen after surgery including tumor regression grading and lymph node status helped to visualize individual tumor sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy, retrospectively. As the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is heterogeneous, however, valid biomarkers are needed to monitor tumor response. A relevant number of studies aimed to identify molecular markers retrieved from tumor tissue while the relevance of blood-based biomarkers is less stringent assessed. MicroRNAs are currently under investigation to serve as blood-based biomarkers. To date, no screening approach to identify relevant miRNAs as biomarkers in blood of patients with rectal cancer was undertaken. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in those patients included in the TiMiSNAR Trial (NCT03465982). This is a biomolecular substudy of TiMiSNAR Trial (NCT03962088). METHODS All included patients in the TiMiSNAR Trial are supposed to undergo blood collection at the time of diagnosis, after neoadjuvant treatment, after 1 month from surgery, and after adjuvant chemotherapy whenever indicated. DISCUSSION TiMiSNAR-MIRNA will evaluate the association of variation between preneoadjuvant and postneoadjuvant expression levels of miRNA with pathological complete response. Moreover, the study will evaluate the role of liquid biopsies in the monitoring of treatment, correlate changes in expression levels of miRNA following complete surgical resection with disease-free survival, and evaluate the relation between changes in miRNA during surveillance and tumor relapse. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03962088 . Registered on 23 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Monsellato
- Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Garibaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Cassinotti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Baldari
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Boni
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Elmore
- Ospedale San raffaele IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilio Morpurgo
- Ospedale Civile Pietro Cosma, Camposampiero/Ospedale Sant’Antonio, Padova, Italy
| | - Tania Contardo
- Ospedale Civile Pietro Cosma, Camposampiero, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Mammano
- Ospedale Civile Pietro Cosma, Camposampiero/Ospedale Sant’Antonio, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Perna
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Coratti
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Traverso
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fusco
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Orecchia
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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25
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Nazarizadeh A, Mohammadi F, Alian F, Faraji P, Nourbakhsh M, Alizadeh-Fanalou S. MicroRNA-154: A Novel Candidate for Diagnosis and Therapy of Human Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6603-6615. [PMID: 32753896 PMCID: PMC7354082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded, tiny RNAs with 21–23 nucleotides that regulate several biological functions through binding to target mRNAs and modulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies have described crucial roles for miRNAs in pathophysiology of numerous human cancers. They can act as an oncogene and promote cancer or as a tumor suppressor and alleviate the disease. Recently discovered microRNA-154 (miR-154) has been proposed to be involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cancer. With this aspect, aberrant expression of miR-154 has been demonstrated in variety of human malignancies, suggesting an important role for miR-154 in tumorigenesis. To be specific, it is considered as a tumor suppressor miRNA and exerts its beneficial effects by targeting several genes. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances done on the role of miR-154 in different cancers and discusses its potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forogh Mohammadi
- Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Faraji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Izzotti A, Ceccaroli C, Geretto M, Ruggieri FG, Schenone S, Di Maria E. Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients the Role of Messenger-and Micro-RNA Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061652. [PMID: 32580435 PMCID: PMC7352797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer patients' responses to neoadjuvant therapy undergo broad inter-individual variations. The aim of this systematic review is to identify a molecular signature that is predictive of colon cancer downstaging and/or downgrading after neoadjuvant therapy. Among the hundreds analysed in the available studies, only 19 messenger-RNAs (mRNAs) and six micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed in responders versus non-responders in two or more independent studies. Therefore, a mRNA/miRNA signature can be designed accordingly, with limitations caused by the retrospective nature of these studies, the heterogeneity in study designs and the downgrading/downstaging assessment criteria. This signature can be proposed to tailor neoadjuvant therapy regimens on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8522
| | | | - Marta Geretto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Sara Schenone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.M.)
| | - Emilio Di Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.M.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy
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28
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miR-27a is a master regulator of metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1354-1366. [PMID: 32132656 PMCID: PMC7188668 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis in cancer supports unrestricted cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. The molecular bases of these processes are still undefined. Recent reports suggest crucial roles for microRNAs. Here, we provide new evidence of the implication of miR-27a in modulating colorectal cancer (CRC) metabolism and chemoresistance. METHODS A survey of miR-27a expression profile in TCGA-COAD dataset revealed that miR-27a-overexpressing CRCs are enriched in gene signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulated oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR activation and reduced chemosensitivity. The same pathways were analysed in cell lines in which we modified miR-27a levels. The response to chemotherapy was investigated in an independent cohort and cell lines. RESULTS miR-27a upregulation in vitro associated with impaired oxidative phosphorylation, overall mitochondrial activities and slight influence on glycolysis. miR-27a hampered AMPK, enhanced mTOR signalling and acted in concert with oncogenes and tumour cell metabolic regulators to force an aerobic glycolytic metabolism supporting biomass production, unrestricted growth and chemoresistance. This latter association was confirmed in our cohort of patients and cell lines. CONCLUSIONS We disclose an unprecedented role for miR-27a as a master regulator of cancer metabolism reprogramming that impinges on CRC response to chemotherapy, underscoring its theragnostic properties.
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Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has remained an important pillar in the multi-modality management of rectal cancer. Adjuvant RT with concurrent chemotherapy (chemo-RT) was once the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer, but with time, that has now changed and neoadjuvant chemo-RT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery is the new standard. Alternatively, neoadjuvant RT alone remains an option and clinicians are tasked to choose between the two. In an era of personalised oncological management, it is unsurprising that the treatment for rectal cancer is following suit and upcoming trials are studying ways to improve outcomes and minimise toxicity for patients while tailoring treatments specific to each patient's tumour. We review the evolution of the role of RT in rectal cancer and look forward to what the future holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health Systems (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yang Soon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health Systems (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balamurugan Vellayappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health Systems (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health Systems (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Tey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health Systems (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Baek DW, Kim G, Kang BW, Kim HJ, Park SY, Park JS, Choi GS, Kang MK, Hur K, Kim JG. High expression of microRNA-199a-5p is associated with superior clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:105-115. [PMID: 31781865 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify biomarkers of response to preoperative CRT in patients with LARC using comprehensive miRNA analysis. METHODS This study included 65 rectal cancer specimens and 89 serum samples from patients diagnosed with LARC and treated with preoperative. All specimens were collected before CRT for evaluation of biologic differences between the good and poor CRT response groups (ypStage 0/I versus II/III/IV). For specific miRNA discovery, 800 miRNAs in 20 rectal cancer specimens were analyzed with a NanoString assay. For validation, a total of 65 tissue and 89 serum samples were tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In the discovery set, 16 target miRNAs were detected. In the validation set, higher expression of three miRNAs (miR-199a/b-3p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-199b-5p) was significantly associated with better response to CRT. In the univariate survival analysis, upregulation of these three miRNAs was associated with superior relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Meanwhile, only a higher level of tissue miR-199a-5p was associated with superior RFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.035-0.580; p = 0.002] and OS (HR, 0.272; 95% CI 0.023-0.658; p < 0.001) in the multivariate survival analysis. Also, a higher level of exosomal miR-199b-5p correlated with better response to CRT (p = 0.0397). CONCLUSION High expression of tissue miR-199a/b-3p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-199b-5p was significantly associated with response to CRT, and a high level of tissue miR-199a-5p was associated with superior survival outcomes. Also, upregulated exosomal miR-199b-5p correlated with CRT response, reflecting its promise as a circulating biomarker of CRT response in patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Baek
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hogukno, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hogukno, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Seog Choi
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hogukno, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Park GB, Jeong JY, Kim D. Modified TLR-mediated downregulation of miR-125b-5p enhances CD248 (endosialin)-induced metastasis and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:154-167. [PMID: 31746054 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD248, also called endosialin or tumor endothelial marker-1, is markedly upregulated in almost all cancers, including colon cancers. Changes in microRNA profiles are one of the direct causes of cancer development and progression. In this study, we investigated whether a change in CD248 expression in colon cancer cells could induce drug resistance after chemotherapy, and we explored the relationship between miR-125b-5p levels and CD248 expression in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-modified chemoresistant colon cancer cells. TLR2/6 and TLR5 upregulation in drug-resistant colon cancer cells contributed to miR-125b-5p downregulation and specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-mediated CD248 upregulation via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Exposure to specific TLR2/6 or TLR5 ligands enhanced the expression of mesenchymal markers as well as the migratory activity of oxaliplatin- or 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells. The transfection of a synthetic miR-125b-5p mimic into chemoresistant cells prevented Sp1 and CD248 activation and significantly impaired invasive activity. Furthermore, Sp1 or CD248 gene silencing as well as miR-125b-5p overexpression markedly reversed drug resistance and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in miR-125b-5p levels play an important role in Sp1-mediated CD248 expression and the development of drug resistance in TLR-mutated colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Bin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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32
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Machackova T, Prochazka V, Kala Z, Slaby O. Translational Potential of MicroRNAs for Preoperative Staging and Prediction of Chemoradiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101545. [PMID: 31614848 PMCID: PMC6827048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second cause of cancer-related deaths. Rectal cancer presents roughly one-third of all colorectal cancer cases and differs from it on both anatomical and molecular levels. While standard treatment of colon cancer patients is radical surgery, rectal cancer is usually treated with pre-operative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision, which requires precise estimation of TNM staging. Unfortunately, stage evaluation is based solely on imaging modalities, and they often do not correlate with postoperative pathological findings. Moreover, approximately half of rectal cancer patients do not respond to such pre-operative therapy, so they are exposed to its toxic effects without any clinical benefit. Thus, biomarkers that could precisely predict pre-operative TNM staging, and especially response to therapy, would significantly advance rectal cancer treatment—but till now, no such biomarker has been identified. In cancer research, microRNAs are emerging biomarkers due to their connection with carcinogenesis and exceptional stability. Circulating miRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers that could allow monitoring of a patient throughout the whole therapeutic process. This mini-review aims to summarize the current knowledge on miRNAs and circulating miRNAs involved in the prediction of response to treatment and pre-operative staging in rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana Machackova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, European Institute of Technology, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Prochazka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Molecular Medicine, European Institute of Technology, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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33
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Huang Y, Ge H, Zheng M, Cui Y, Fu Z, Wu X, Xia Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Wang S, Xie H. Serum tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) as potential candidates for diagnosis of nontriple negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2809-2824. [PMID: 31535382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in women, and nontriple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) accounts for 80-90% of all invasive breast cancers. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are considered key to a successful cure. Conventionally, breast imaging and needle core biopsy are used for detection and monitoring. However, small variations in volume might be ignored in imaging, and traditional biopsies are spatially and temporally limited, leading to a significant delay in cancer detection and thus prompting renewed focus on early and accurate diagnosis. In this article, we investigated whether there is an accurate molecule in peripheral blood that can help diagnose breast cancer. Similar to microRNAs, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been reported to be involved in many pathological processes in breast cancer, but whether they can serve as candidate biomarkers for breast cancer remains unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we identified 4,021 differentially expressed tRFs in normal and breast cancer cell lines, and eight tRFs were selected to establish a signature as a predictive biomarker of non-TNBC. Furthermore, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the expression of the signature and analyze the correlation between dysregulated tRFs and breast cancer. The results indicated that tDR-7816, tDR-5334, and tDR-4733 might be promising biomarkers. Through further bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that tDR-7816 influences the xenobiotic metabolic processes that support the oncogenesis of breast cancer. In summary, our results provide a rationale for using circulating tDR-7816 expression as a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with early non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Illinois
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqin Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yagi T, Iinuma H, Hayama T, Matsuda K, Nozawa K, Tsukamoto M, Shimada R, Akahane T, Tsuchiya T, Ozawa T, Hashiguchi Y. Plasma exosomal microRNA-125b as a monitoring biomarker of resistance to mFOLFOX6-based chemotherapy in advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:416-424. [PMID: 31497299 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biomarkers for the early detection of resistance to chemotherapy are important for improving prognosis. This study investigated the usefulness of plasma exosomal microRNA-125b (ex-miRNA-125b) for the early detection of resistance to modified fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6)-based first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent (advanced/recurrent) colorectal cancer (CRC). First, ex-miRNAs associated with resistance to mFOLFOX6-based chemotherapy were profiled via miRNA microarray analysis. In this analysis, ex-miR-125b exhibited the greatest upregulation in patients with progressive disease (PD) compared with the findings for patients with stable disease (SD) and healthy controls. Next, another 55 patients with advanced/recurrent CRC who received mFOLFOX6-based first-line chemotherapy underwent a validation study of ex-miR-125b. Blood samples were collected before and during treatment until tumor progression. Ex-miRNA levels were measured via TaqMan microRNA assays. Patients with CRC had significantly higher ex-miR-125b levels than healthy controls. In patients with partial responses, ex-miR-125b levels at the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) judgment point were significantly lower than those measured before treatment. In patients with SD, ex-miR-125b levels did not differ before and during treatment. In patients with PD, ex-miR-125b levels at the RECIST judgment point were significantly higher than those measured before treatment. These changes in ex-miR-125b levels were significantly different between groups even 1 month after the initiation of chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly worse in patients with high baseline ex-miR-125b levels than in those with low levels. In the Cox analysis, baseline ex-miR-125b levels and KRAS mutation were indicated to be independent prognostic factors for PFS. The present results suggest that plasma ex-miR-125b levels may be useful for the early detection of resistance to mFOLFOX6-based first-line chemotherapy. Furthermore, ex-miR-125b before chemotherapy is a predictive biomarker for PFS in patients with advanced/recurrent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hisae Iinuma
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tamuro Hayama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Keijirou Nozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Ryu Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takuya Akahane
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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Rapado-González Ó, Álvarez-Castro A, López-López R, Iglesias-Canle J, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM, Muinelo-Romay L. Circulating microRNAs as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070898. [PMID: 31252648 PMCID: PMC6679000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite numerous advances in therapeutic approaches, this cancer has a poor prognosis when it is diagnosed at late stages. Therefore, the scientific effort is nowadays directed towards the development of new non-invasive and dynamic biomarkers to improve the survival expectancy of CRC patients. In this sense, deregulated expression of many miRNAs has been shown to play an important role for CRC carcinogenesis and dissemination. Noticeably, an increasing number of studies highlight that circulating miRNAs, including those traveling inside exosomes or those released by tumor cells into circulation, constitute a promising tool for early detection, prognosis and therapy selection of CRC. Therefore, in this review we focus on the clinical potential of blood circulating miRNAs as emerging biomarkers with high value to improve the clinical management of CRC patients, providing a deep and complete perspective of the realities and challenges to translate these biomarkers to the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Castro
- Medical Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Foundation Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Iglesias-Canle
- Medical Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Protective potential of miR-146a-5p and its underlying molecular mechanism in diverse cancers: a comprehensive meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 31285693 PMCID: PMC6592002 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Studies have shown that miR-146a-5p was differentially expressed in diverse cancers, but the associations between miR-146a-5p expression and prognosis across multiple types of cancer as well its potential targets and downstream pathways have not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we performed the first meta-analysis of the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p expression in diverse malignancies and explored prospective targets of miR-146a-5p and related signaling pathways. Methods A thorough search for articles related to miR-146a-5p was performed, and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and microarray data from gene expression omnibus profiles were used to collect information about the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted. Twelve platforms in miRWalk 2.0 were applied to predict targets of miR-146a-5p. TCGA RNA-seq data were used to validate the inverse relationships between miR-146a-5p and its likely targets. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted using Funrich version 3.1.3. Potential protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. Potential target genes of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer were validated by RT-qPCR. Results We included 10 articles in the meta-analysis. In a pooled analysis, the high miR-146a-5p expression group showed a better overall survival in solid cancers, particularly in reproductive system cancers and digestive system cancers. A total of 120 predicted target genes were included in a bioinformatics analysis. Five pathways involving phospholipase C (PLC) and aquaporins (AQPs) were the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Moreover, the PPI network displayed the related signaling pathways and interactions among proteins. AQP1 and FYN were validated by RT-qPCR to be potential targets of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer. Conclusion There is a close link between high miR-146a-5p expression and better overall survival in 21 types of solid cancer, especially in reproductive system and digestive system cancers. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p could inhibit diverse malignancies by modulating pathways linked to PLC or AQPs. In summary, miR-146a-5p is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers.
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Bedin C, Crotti S, D'Angelo E, D'Aronco S, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M. Circulating Biomarkers for Response Prediction of Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:4274-4294. [PMID: 31060482 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190507084839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) is highly variable. In fact, it has been estimated that only about 21 % of patients show pathologic Complete Response (pCR) after therapy, while in most of the patients a partial or incomplete tumour regression is observed. Consequently, patients with a priori chemoradioresistant tumour should not receive the treatment, which is associated with substantial adverse effects and does not guarantee any clinical benefit. For Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients (LARC), a standardized neoadjuvant treatment protocol is applied, the identification and the usefulness of prognostic or predictive biomarkers can improve the antitumoural treatment strategy, modifying the sequence, dose, and combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection. For these reasons, a growing number of studies are actually focussed on the discovery and investigation of new predictive biomarkers of response to pCRT. In this review, we have selected the most recent literature (2012-2017) regarding the employment of blood-based biomarkers potentially predicting pCR in LARC patients and we have critically discussed them to highlight their real clinical benefit and the current limitations of the proposed methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bedin
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab, Paediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab, Paediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab, Paediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara D'Aronco
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab, Paediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy,First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Science, University of
Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Science, University of
Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab, Paediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy,First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Science, University of
Padua, Padua, Italy
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Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Hasegawa H, Mukohyama J, Arimoto A, Tanaka T, Yamamoto M, Matsuda Y, Kanaji S, Nakamura T, Sumi Y, Suzuki S, Kakeji Y. Recent advances of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: Future treatment perspectives. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:24-33. [PMID: 30697607 PMCID: PMC6345659 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been widely used as a multidisciplinary approach for stage II/III rectal cancer. However, its safety and efficacy are controversial because previous studies have shown conflicting outcomes. The present review aimed to elucidate the benefits and limitations of nCRT for patients with rectal cancer. Future perspectives of nCRT are also described. No recent randomized trials have been able to show a survival benefit, although many studies have demonstrated good local control with the use of fluoropyrimidine (e.g. 5-fluorouracil [FU] or capecitabine)-based nCRT. Addition of oxaliplatin (OX) to FU-based nCRT might improve overall survival by preventing distant metastasis, as shown in recent meta-analyses. However, control of adverse effects is an important concern with this treatment. New treatment strategies such as nonoperative management (watch and wait policy) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) are promising, but the establishment of reliable diagnostic methods of metastasis is essential. Development of new biomarkers is also necessary to select patients who are more likely to benefit from nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Division of Minimally Invasive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Akira Arimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Shingo Kanaji
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tetsu Nakamura
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yasuo Sumi
- Division of International Clinical Cancer ResearchDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Abstract
The management of locally-advanced rectal cancer involves a combination of chemotherapy, chemoradiation, and surgical resection to provide excellent local tumor control and overall survival. However, aspects of this multimodality approach are associated with significant morbidity and long-term sequelae. In addition, there is growing evidence that patients with a clinical complete response to chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatments may be safely offered initial non-operative management in a rigorous surveillance program. Weighed against the morbidity and significant sequelae of rectal resection, recognizing how to best optimize non-operative strategies without compromising oncologic outcomes is critical to our understanding and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris H Wei
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA -
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Pettit C, Webb A, Walston S, Chatterjee M, Chen W, Frankel W, Croce C, Williams TM. MicroRNA molecular profiling identifies potential signaling pathways conferring resistance to chemoradiation in locally-advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28951-28964. [PMID: 29988972 PMCID: PMC6034754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There has been growing interest in using chemoradiation (CRT) for non-operative management of rectal cancer, and identifying patients who might benefit most from this approach is crucial. This study identified miRNAs (miRs) associated with clinical outcomes and treatment resistance by evaluating both pre- and post-CRT expression profiles. Methods Forty patients, 9 with pathologic complete response (pCR) and 31 with pathologic incomplete response (pIR) were included. MicroRNA was extracted from 40 pre-therapy tumor samples and 31 post-chemoradiation surgical samples with pathologic incomplete response (pIR). A generalized linear model was used to identify miRs associated with pCR. A linear mixed effects model was used to identify miRs differentially expressed before and after treatment. miR expression was dichotomized at the mean and clinical outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Nine miRs were associated with pCR (p<0.05), but none were significant after false discovery rate correction. Among patients with pIR, 68 miRs were differentially expressed between the pre and post-CRT groups (FDR p<0.05). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) demonstrated multiple signaling networks associated with pIR, including p38MAPK, TP53, AKT, IL-6, and RAS. Increased let-7b was correlated with increased distant metastasis (DM), worse relapse-free survival (RFS), and worse overall survival (OS) (p<0.05). Conclusions No miRs were significantly correlated with pCR. We identified miRs that were differentially expressed between pre- and post-CRT tumor samples, and these miRs implicated multiple signaling pathways that may confer resistance to CRT. In addition, we identified an association between increased let-7b and worse clinical outcomes (DM, DFS, OS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Pettit
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Walston
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Moumita Chatterjee
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wendy Frankel
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlo Croce
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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MicroRNA-125b Interacts with Foxp3 to Induce Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2295-2303. [PMID: 30005868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide. Although most thyroid cancer can be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and/or chemotherapy, thyroid cancers still recur and may become chemoresistant. Autophagy is a complex self-degradative process that plays a dual role in cancer development and progression. In this study, we found that miR-125b was downregulated in tissue samples of thyroid cancer as well as in thyroid cancer cell lines, and the expression of Foxp3 was upregulated. Further, we demonstrated that miR-125b could directly act on Foxp3 by binding to its 3' UTR and inhibit the expression of Foxp3. A negative relationship between miR-125b and Foxp3 was thus revealed. Overexpression of miR-125b markedly sensitized thyroid cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by inducing autophagy through an Atg7 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which miR-125b has the potential to negatively regulate Foxp3 to promote autophagy and enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in thyroid cancer. miR-125 may be of therapeutic significance in thyroid cancer.
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Luo J, Liu L, Zhou N, Shen J, Sun Q, Zhu Y, Chen M. miR-519b-3p promotes responsiveness to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients by targeting ARID4B. Gene 2018; 655:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhu T, Gao W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu M, Zhang P, Wang S. A Pilot Study of Circulating MicroRNA-125b as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:3-10. [PMID: 27636713 PMCID: PMC5181123 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer is critical for patient survival. The objective of this pilot study is to identify a circulating micro (mi)RNA as a potential biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS A total of 135 epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 54 benign ovarian tumor patients were recruited for this study. Using customized TaqMan low density miRNA arrays, we first screened expression levels of 48 miRNAs in sera from 18 epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 16 benign ovarian tumor patients. The most significantly and differentially expressed miRNA was then further examined in all serum samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Its expression was further analyzed in relationship with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. RESULTS Array screening data showed that expression levels of serum miRNA-20a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-126, miRNA-355, and let-7c were significantly different between malignant and benign ovarian tumor patients. Subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that serum miRNA-125b levels were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer patients compared to benign controls. Moreover, serum miRNA-125b levels were significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients in early stages I and II, and in patients having no residual tumor following surgery, but were not associated with differentiation and histological types of ovarian cancer. Notably, the higher level of miR-125b was significantly positively correlated with progression-free survival (P = 0.035) and marginally, with overall survival (P = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS miRNA-125b plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Circulating miRNA-125b has the potential to become a novel biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- *Department of Gynecologic Oncology, †Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; and ‡Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
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Chan CM, Lai KKY, Ng EKO, Kiang MN, Kwok TWH, Wang HK, Chan KW, Law TT, Tong DK, Chan KT, Lee NP, Law S. Serum microRNA-193b as a promising biomarker for prediction of chemoradiation sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3273-3280. [PMID: 29435069 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most predominantly occurring type of esophageal cancer worldwide. Locally advanced ESCC patients are treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation for tumor downstaging prior to tumor resection. Patients receiving this treatment have an increased expectation of cure via the following tumor resection and have better survival outcomes. However, not all patients respond well to chemoradiation and poor responders suffer from treatment-associated toxicity and complications without benefits. No method is currently available to predict patient chemoradiation response and to exclude poor responders from ineffective treatment. To address this clinical limitation, the present study aimed to identify non-invasive biomarkers for predicting patient chemoradiation response. Due to the features of microRNA (miRNA) in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response prediction, serum miRNA arrays were performed to identify potential miRNA(s) that may be used for chemoradiation response prediction in ESCC. Using an miRNA array to compare pre-treatment serum sample pools from 10 good responders and 10 poor responders, the present study identified miR-193b, miR-942 and miR-629* as candidate miRNAs for predicting chemoradiation response. Subsequent validation using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that miR-193b, however not miR-942 and miR-629*, were significantly increased in sera from 24 good responders, compared with 23 poor responders. Further analyses using the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed a strong predictive power of serum miR-193b on discriminating good responders from poor responders to chemoradiation. In addition, a high serum level of miR-193b was significantly associated with better survival outcomes. Therefore, serum miR-193b may be considered a promising biomarker for predicting chemoradiation response and post-therapy survival of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Man Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth K Y Lai
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Enders K O Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Mei Na Kiang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Tiffany W H Kwok
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hector K Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Tsz Ting Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Daniel K Tong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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45
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Analyzing the influence of kinase inhibitors on DNA repair by differential proteomics of chromatin-interacting proteins and nuclear phospho-proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110983-110993. [PMID: 29340031 PMCID: PMC5762299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy and pharmacological inhibition of cellular signal transduction pathways offers promising strategies for enhanced cancer cell inactivation. However, the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors especially on DNA damage detection and repair after X-irradiation have to be understood to facilitate the development of efficient and personalized treatment regimens. Therefore, we applied differential proteomics for analyzing inhibitor-induced changes in either chromatin-bound or phosphorylated nuclear proteins. The effect of the multi kinase inhibitor sorafenib on DNA repair, chromatin binding and phosphorylation of nuclear proteins was analyzed in UT-SCC 42B head and neck cancer cells using metabolic labeling based differential proteomics (SILAC). Sorafenib significantly inhibited DNA repair but failed to significantly affect chromatin interactions of 90 quantified proteins. In contrast, analyzing nuclear phospho-proteins following sorafenib treatment, we detected quantitative changes in 9 out of 59 proteins, including DNA-repair proteins. In conclusion, the analysis of nuclear phospho-proteins by differential proteomics is an effective tool for determining the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors on X-irradiated cells. Analyzing chromatin binding might be less promising.
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D'Angelo E, Zanon C, Sensi F, Digito M, Rugge M, Fassan M, Scarpa M, Pucciarelli S, Nitti D, Agostini M. miR-194 as predictive biomarker of responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:344-350. [PMID: 28870889 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Curative surgery remains the primary form of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Recent data support the use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) to improve the prognosis of LARC with a significant reduction of local relapse and an increase of overall survival. Unfortunately, only 20% of the patients with LARC present complete pathological response after pCRT, whereas in 20%-40%, the response is poor or absent. METHODS We investigated the expression level of miR-194 in n=38 patients with LARC using our public microRNA (miRNA) expression dataset. miR-194 expression was further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH). Protein-protein interaction network and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on miR-194 targets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Using biopsy samples collected at diagnosis, mir-194 was significantly upregulated in patients responding to treatment (p value=0.016). The data was confirmed with qRT-PCR (p value=0.0587) and ISH (p value=0.026). Protein-protein interaction network and pathway enrichment analysis reveal a possible mechanism of susceptibility to pCRT involving Wnt pathway via its downstream mediator TRAF6. Finally, we interrogated the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database database in order to identify those chemical compounds able to mimic the biological effects of miR-194 as new possible therapeutic option in LARC treatment. The present study combining miRNA expression profiling with integrative computational biology identified miR-194 as predictive biomarker of response to pCRT. Using known and predicted drug mechanism of action, we then identified possible chemical compounds for further in vitro validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo D'Angelo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Pediatric Research Institute - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Pediatric Research Institute - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Pediatric Research Institute - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Maura Digito
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Pediatric Research Institute - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Nanoinspired Biomedicine Lab, Pediatric Research Institute - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
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Conde-Muiño R, Cano C, Sánchez-Martín V, Herrera A, Comino A, Medina PP, Palma P, Cuadros M. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: the sensitizer role of the association between miR-375 and c-Myc. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82294-82302. [PMID: 29137264 PMCID: PMC5669890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of chemoradiation before tumor resection has revolutionized the management of locally advanced rectal cancer, but many patients have proven resistant to this preoperative therapy. Our group recently reported a negative correlation between c-Myc gene expression and this resistance. In the present study, integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles was conducted in 45 pre-treatment rectal tumors in order to analyze the expressions of miRNAs and c-Myc and their relationship with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. Twelve miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed by responders and non-responders to the chemoradiation. Functional classification revealed an association between the differentially expressed miRNAs and c-Myc. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that miRNA-148 and miRNA-375 levels were both significantly lower in responders than in non-responders. Notably, a significant negative correlation was found between miRNA-375 expression and c-Myc expression. According to these findings, miRNA-375 and its targeted c-Myc may be useful as a predictive biomarker of the response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Conde-Muiño
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Cano
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Comino
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro P Medina
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Palma
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Cuadros
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
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48
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Zhuang L, Shou T, Li K, Gao CL, Duan LC, Fang LZ, Zhang QY, Chen ZN, Zhang C, Yang ST, Li GF. MicroRNA-30e-5p promotes cell growth by targeting PTPN13 and indicates poor survival and recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2852-2862. [PMID: 28653805 PMCID: PMC5661247 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA expression is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, such as proliferation and metastasis in multiple diseases including cancers. MicroRNA‐30e‐5p (miR‐30e) was previously reported as an oncogenic or tumour suppressing miRNA in some malignancies, but its function in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains largely undefined. In this study, we found that the expression of miR‐30e was increased in LAC tissues and cell lines, associated with tumour size and represented an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence of LAC patients. Further functional experiments showed that knockdown of miR‐30e suppressed cell growth while its overexpression promoted growth of LAC cells and xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PTPN13 was identified as the direct target of miR‐30e in LAC, in which PTPN13 expression was down‐regulated in LAC tissues and showed the inverse correlation with miR‐30e expression. Overexpression of PTPN13 inhibited cell growth and rescued the proliferation‐promoting effect of miR‐30e through inhibition of the EGFR signalling. Altogether, our findings suggest that miR‐30e could function as an oncogene in LAC via targeting PTPN13 and act as a potential therapeutic target for treating LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Palliative Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Shou
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Second Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Gao
- The Second Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin-Can Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Zhou Fang
- The Second Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qin-Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zong-Ning Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Lijiang City, Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Cancer Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shou-Tao Yang
- Department of Nursing, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Gao-Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Pettit C, Walston S, Wald P, Webb A, Williams TM. Molecular profiling of locally-advanced rectal adenocarcinoma using microRNA expression (Review). Int J Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28627602 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer (LARC) typically consists of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision. Recently, there has been growing interest in non-operative management for patients who are medically-inoperable or wish to avoid surgical morbidity and permanent colostomy. Approximately 50% of patients who receive pre-operative neoadjuvant chemoradiation develop some degree of pathologic response. Approximately 10-20% of patients are found to have a complete pathologic response, a finding which has frequently been shown to predict better clinical outcomes, including local-regional control, distant metastasis and survival. Many recent studies have evaluated the role of molecular biomarkers in predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers that have the potential to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from pre-operative therapy and from a selective surgical approach. Here, we review the published literature on microRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in rectal cancer after pre-operative therapy. In the future, the development of prospectively validated miRNA signatures will allow clinical implementation of miRNAs as prognostic and predictive signatures in LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Pettit
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Walston
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Wald
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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50
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Liu B, Su F, Chen M, Li Y, Qi X, Xiao J, Li X, Liu X, Liang W, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Serum miR-21 and miR-125b as markers predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and prognosis in stage II/III breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:44-52. [PMID: 28412211 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The predictive value of serum miRNAs (ser-miRNA) for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and the prognosis of breast cancer patients were investigated in the current study. The study included 118 stage II/III breast cancer patients and 30 healthy adult women. Peripheral blood was drawn from participants before the start (baseline [BL]), at the end of the second cycle (first evaluation during NCT [FEN]), and at the end of NCT (second evaluation during NCT [SEN]). The expression of ser-miRNAs was examined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and their association with chemotherapy response and prognosis was analyzed. MiR-19a, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-155, miR-205, and miR-373 were significantly up-regulated in the serum of breast cancer patients at BL, miR-451 was significantly down-regulated, and miR-122 was unchanged compared with the levels in healthy women. The expression of ser-miR-125b and the changes of ser-miR-21 expression during NCT were associated with chemotherapy response and disease-free survival (DFS). In chemotherapy responders, ser-miR-125b expression was lower than that of non-responders at BL, FEN, and SEN, and ser-miR-21 levels decreased from BL to FEN and from BL to SEN. Survival analysis showed that patients with lower ser-miR-125b expression at BL, FEN, and SEN had favorable DFS, and those with decreased ser-miR-21 expression from BL to FEN and from BL to SEN had better DFS. In conclusion, ser-miR-21 and ser-miR-125b were identified as novel, noninvasive predictive markers for NCT response and prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fei Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Jianbing Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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