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Methods for Collection of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Content RNA as Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer Detection: Application of Differential Centrifugation and Annexin A5 Coated Beads. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2374-2386. [PMID: 35678691 PMCID: PMC9164077 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain abundant extracellular RNA (exRNA), which can be a valuable source of liquid biopsy. However, as various RNA species exist in different types of EVs, lack of detailed characterization of these RNA species and efficient collection methods limits the clinical application of exRNA. In the present study, we measured two mRNAs, CK19 and PCTK1; one lncRNA, MALAT1; and two miRNAs, miR21 and miR155, in different EV fractions separated by differential centrifugation or captured by magnetic beads coated with annexin A5 (ANX beads). The results showed that in a cultured medium, the majority of mRNA and lncRNA exist in larger EVs, whereas miRNA exist in both large and small EVs from the differential centrifugation fractions. All these RNA species exist in ANX beads captured EVs. We then used ANX beads to capture EVs in plasma samples from non-small-cell lung cancer patients and age-matched healthy volunteers. We found that the ANX bead capturing could efficiently improve RNA detection from human plasma, compared with direct extraction of RNA from plasma. Using ANX-bead capturing and reverse transcription and quantitative PCR, we detected significantly higher levels of CK19 mRNA, MALAT1 lncRNA, and miR155 miRNA in the plasma of lung cancer patients. These facts suggested the collection methods strongly affect the results of exRNA measurement from EVs, and that ANX beads can be a useful tool for detecting exRNA from plasma samples in clinical application.
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Alsharif S, Sharma P, Bursch K, Milliken R, Lam V, Fallatah A, Phan T, Collins M, Dohlman P, Tiufekchiev S, Nehmetallah G, Raub CB, Chung BM. Keratin 19 maintains E-cadherin localization at the cell surface and stabilizes cell-cell adhesion of MCF7 cells. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:1-17. [PMID: 33393839 PMCID: PMC7801129 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1868694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytoskeletal protein keratin 19 (K19) is highly expressed in breast cancer but its effects on breast cancer cell mechanics are unclear. In MCF7 cells where K19 expression is ablated,we found that K19 is required to maintain rounded epithelial-like shape and tight cell-cell adhesion. A loss of K19 also lowered cell surface E-cadherin levels. Inhibiting internalization restored cell-cell adhesion of KRT19 knockout cells, suggesting that E-cadherin internalization contributed to defective adhesion. Ultimately, while K19 inhibited cell migration and invasion, it was required for cells to form colonies in suspension. Our results suggest that K19 stabilizes E-cadherin complexes at the cell membrane to maintain cell-cell adhesion which inhibits cell invasiveness but provides growth and survival advantages for circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsharif
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karina Bursch
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rachel Milliken
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Van Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arwa Fallatah
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thuc Phan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meagan Collins
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Priya Dohlman
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah Tiufekchiev
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Georges Nehmetallah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Byung Min Chung
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Qiao E, Yu X, Zhou L, Wang C, Yang C, Yu Y, Chen D, Huang J, Yang H. A Prospective Validation Cohort Study of a Prediction Model on Non-sentinel Lymph Node Involvement in Early Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 27:1653-1658. [PMID: 31659631 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early breast cancer with one or two sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) may omit axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) if followed by radiotherapy. However, only less than one-third of the patients have positive non-SLNs and can truly benefit from radiotherapy. Before any regional treatment decision, the risk of non-SLN metastasis must be identified. The authors previously developed a predictive model for non-SLN involvement using CK19 mRNA and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) score in a training set. They designed a further study to evaluate the predictive effect using the model prospectively in a validation set of one or two involved SLNs. METHODS This study identified early breast cancer patients at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from July 2017 to June 2018. The CK19 mRNA tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and CEUS scores were collected before surgery. Patients with one or two involved SLNs were enrolled and underwent ALND. The estimated percentage of non-SLN involvement was calculated by the authors' model formula and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram. The false-negative rates, predictive accuracy, and area under curve (AUC) were compared between two predictive models. RESULTS The study enrolled 235 patients, and 35.36% (83/235) of them had non-SLN involvement. The authors' model had a false-negative rate of 6% and an accuracy of 94.9%. The AUC was 0.952 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.922-0.982), which was significantly higher than that of the MSKCC model at all three cutoff value levels. CONCLUSION The authors' model, using CK19 mRNA and the CEUS score, showed the potential predictive value of non-SLNs before surgery for early breast cancer patients. CLINICALTRIALS REGISTRY NCT02992067, NCT03280134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Qiao
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingfei Yu
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daobao Chen
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Wang XM, Zhang Z, Pan LH, Cao XC, Xiao C. KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA-marked circulated tumor cells indicate unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:375-385. [PMID: 30535933 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of circulated tumor cells (CTC) marked by cytokeratin 19 coding gene KRT19 mRNA and carcinoembryonic antigen coding gene CEACAM5 mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and provide molecular markers for breast cancer metastasis risk. METHODS The mRNA levels of KRT19 and CEACAM5 in preoperative peripheral blood of breast cancer patients without (n = 603) and with (n = 76) distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relationship between CTCKRT19, CTCCEACAM5 and clinicopathological features, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), or overall survival (OS) was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In different pathological stages of breast cancer, the rates of CTCKRT19-pos and CTCCEACAM5-pos increased with the increase of the stages (P = 0.077 and P = 0.004). Preoperative CTCKRT19-pos in breast cancer patients was closely related to the lymph node metastasis statues (P < 0.0001), and had no significant correlation with other clinicopathological features. There was no significant correlation between CTCCEACAM5 and the clinicopathological features. Patients with high levels of CTC double-marked by KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA had shorter DMFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P = 0.016) for patients with breast cancer. The 7-year DMFS rates for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 90.7%, 67.5%, and 59.1%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The prognosis of patients with decreased KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA after treatment is better than that of patients who have not decreased, and the combination of the two indicators is better than the single one for predicting PFS (P = 0.002 compare with P = 0.036 or P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Double-marked CTC by KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA is a prognostic index of breast cancer patients before surgery and after chemotherapy. Single-marked CTC by KRT19 mRNA indicates lymph node statues of preoperative patients. Therefore, the RT-qPCR-based molecular diagnosis of CTC could be used for prognostic prediction of breast cancer patients and guiding clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Wang
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hui Pan
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Xiao
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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Yang X, Zhang D, Chong T, Li Y, Wang Z, Zhang P. Expression of CK19, CD105 and CD146 are associated with early metastasis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541188 PMCID: PMC5835893 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed in order to explore the association between the early metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and biological markers of tumor cells. A total of 200 patients with RCC, who received a nephrectomy between January 2015 and October 2015, were enrolled in the present study, while 100 healthy patients served as controls. The expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), endoglin (CD105) and cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146) were detected using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. All three markers were highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Subsequently, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the differential expression of CK19, CD105 and CD146. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the expression of CK19 and CD105 between the two groups (P<0.05), whereas CD146 did not exhibit a statistically significant difference. The results of further experiments revealed no significant difference between four time points (Q1, 1 day pre-operation; Q2, 1 day post-operation; Q3, 1 week post-operation; and Q4, 1 month post-operation). Then, subgroup analysis was performed based on whether patients were circulating tumor cell (CTC)-positive or not, and the difference between the Q1 time point and other three time points (Q2-4). The results revealed no difference between the CTC-positive and -negative groups, and no difference between the time points Q1 and Q2. However, the expression of CK19 and CD105 exhibited a significant difference between CTC-positive and CTC-negative groups according to the difference between the time points Q1 and Q3. Furthermore, on the basis of the difference between Q1 and Q4, the expression of CK19, CD105 and CD146 were significantly different (P<0.05). Taken together, the results suggested that CK19, CD105 and CD146 markers of peripheral blood may be considered to be effective tools to evaluate the early metastasis in a CTC-positive condition. CK19, CD105 and CD146 may be useful for CTC in evaluating the prognosis of patients with RCC, although a larger sample size is necessary for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Youfang Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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