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Parker K, Zhang Y, Anchondo G, Smith A, Guerrero Pacheco S, Kondo T, Su L. Combination of HDAC and FYN inhibitors in synovial sarcoma treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1422452. [PMID: 39045458 PMCID: PMC11264242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1422452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The SS18-SSX fusion protein is an oncogenic driver in synovial sarcoma. At the molecular level, SS18-SSX functions as both an activator and a repressor to coordinate transcription of different genes responsible for tumorigenesis. Here, we identify the proto-oncogene FYN as a new SS18-SSX target gene and examine its relation to synovial sarcoma therapy. FYN is a tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer growth, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, but SS18-SSX appears to negatively regulate FYN expression in synovial sarcoma cells. Using both genetic and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)-based pharmacologic approaches, we show that suppression of SS18-SSX leads to FYN reactivation. In support of this notion, we find that blockade of FYN activity synergistically enhances HDACi action to reduce synovial sarcoma cell proliferation and migration. Our results support a role for FYN in attenuation of anti-cancer activity upon inhibition of SS18-SSX function and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting FYN to improve the effectiveness of HDACi treatment against synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Parker
- Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, United States
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gavin Anchondo
- Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, United States
| | - Ashlyn Smith
- Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Le Su
- Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, United States
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2
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Weiss MC, Van Tine BA. Relapsed Synovial Sarcoma: Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:229-239. [PMID: 36867389 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a fusion-driven subtype of sarcoma that is a more chemo-sensitive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. While chemotherapy options are currently standard of care, our fundamental understanding of the biology of SS is driving new therapies. We will review the current standard of care, as well as the current therapies showing promise in a clinical trial. It is our hope that by encouraging participation in clinical trials, the fundamental therapies available for SS will change the current treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Weiss
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Raquib AR, Hofvander J, Ta M, Nielsen TO. Expanding the Use of an SS18-SSX Antibody for Molecular Assays in Synovial Sarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:531-539. [PMID: 35880992 PMCID: PMC9444294 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy that generally affects adolescents and young adults and is characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis, with a 10-year survival rate of about 50%. The fusion oncoprotein SS18-SSX, the product of a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t(X;18), is the oncogenic driver of this sarcoma, disrupting differentiation through widespread epigenetic dysregulation. Experimental research into SS18-SSX biology has been limited by the lack of an antibody that specifically detects the endogenous fusion oncoprotein as opposed to its native SS18 or SSX components. Recently, a rabbit monoclonal antibody was developed and made commercially available, which specifically detects the fusion junction site epitope of SS18-SSX as found in at least 95% of synovial sarcomas. Here, we characterize a suite of molecular biology assays using this new antibody, both confirming existing and reporting on novel applications. We demonstrate its high sensitivity and specificity for synovial sarcoma diagnosis on patient samples through positive immunohistochemical staining on synovial sarcoma, tissue microarray, and full face sections. In addition, we demonstrate detection of the human SS18-SSX protein when expressed in a genetically engineered mouse model of synovial sarcoma. We also demonstrate nuclear staining of SS18-SSX in synovial sarcoma cells using immunofluorescence, and visualize the interaction between SS18-SSX and the BAF complex member BRG1 through a proximity ligation assay. Lastly, we confirm the interaction between SS18-SSX and promoter regions of target genes through chromatin immunoprecipitation. This antibody represents a breakthrough in sarcoma research and has value in multiple applications to expand the knowledge of synovial sarcoma biology.
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4
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Combinatorial strategies to potentiate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in fusion-positive sarcomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Synovial Sarcoma: A Complex Disease with Multifaceted Signaling and Epigenetic Landscapes. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:124. [PMID: 33025259 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aside from a characteristic SS18-SSX translocation identified in almost all cases, no genetic anomalies have been reliably isolated yet to drive the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma. In the following review, we explore the structural units of wild-type SS18 and SSX, particularly as they relate to the transcriptional alterations and cellular pathway changes imposed by SS18-SSX. RECENT FINDINGS Native SS18 and SSX contribute recognizable domains to the SS18-SSX chimeric proteins, which inflict transcriptional and epigenetic changes through selective protein interactions involving the SWI/SNF and Polycomb chromatin remodeling complexes. Multiple oncogenic and developmental pathways become altered, collectively reprogramming the cellular origin of synovial sarcoma and promoting its malignant transformation. Synovial sarcoma is characterized by complex epigenetic and signaling landscapes. Identifying the operational pathways and concomitant genetic changes induced by SS18-SSX fusions could help develop tailored therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve disease control and patient survivorship.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Embedding techniques for converting high-dimensional sparse data into low-dimensional distributed representations have been gaining popularity in various fields of research. In deep learning models, embedding is commonly used and proven to be more effective than naive binary representation. However, yet no attempt has been made to embed highly sparse mutation profiles into densely distributed representations. Since binary representation does not capture biological context, its use is limited in many applications such as discovering novel driver mutations. Additionally, training distributed representations of mutations is challenging due to a relatively small amount of available biological data compared with the large amount of text corpus data in text mining fields. METHODS We introduce Mut2Vec, a novel computational pipeline that can be used to create a distributed representation of cancerous mutations. Mut2Vec is trained on cancer profiles using Skip-Gram since cancer can be characterized by a series of co-occurring mutations. We also augmented our pipeline with existing information in the biomedical literature and protein-protein interaction networks to compensate for the data insufficiency. RESULTS To evaluate our models, we conducted two experiments that involved the following tasks: a) visualizing driver and passenger mutations, b) identifying novel driver mutations using a clustering method. Our visualization showed a clear distinction between passenger mutations and driver mutations. We also found driver mutation candidates and proved that these were true driver mutations based on our literature survey. The pre-trained mutation vectors and the candidate driver mutations are publicly available at http://infos.korea.ac.kr/mut2vec . CONCLUSIONS We introduce Mut2Vec that can be utilized to generate distributed representations of mutations and experimentally validate the efficacy of the generated mutation representations. Mut2Vec can be used in various deep learning applications such as cancer classification and drug sensitivity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heewon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Banito A, Li X, Laporte AN, Roe JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Huang CH, Dancsok AR, Hatzi K, Chen CC, Tschaharganeh DF, Chandwani R, Tasdemir N, Jones KB, Capecchi MR, Vakoc CR, Schultz N, Ladanyi M, Nielsen TO, Lowe SW. The SS18-SSX Oncoprotein Hijacks KDM2B-PRC1.1 to Drive Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:527-541.e8. [PMID: 29502955 PMCID: PMC5881394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive cancer invariably associated with a chromosomal translocation involving genes encoding the SWI-SNF complex component SS18 and an SSX (SSX1 or SSX2) transcriptional repressor. Using functional genomics, we identify KDM2B, a histone demethylase and component of a non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1.1), as selectively required for sustaining synovial sarcoma cell transformation. SS18-SSX1 physically interacts with PRC1.1 and co-associates with SWI/SNF and KDM2B complexes on unmethylated CpG islands. Via KDM2B, SS18-SSX1 binds and aberrantly activates expression of developmentally regulated genes otherwise targets of polycomb-mediated repression, which is restored upon KDM2B depletion, leading to irreversible mesenchymal differentiation. Thus, SS18-SSX1 deregulates developmental programs to drive transformation by hijacking a transcriptional repressive complex to aberrantly activate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Banito
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aimée N Laporte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda R Dancsok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Dancsok AR, Asleh-Aburaya K, Nielsen TO. Advances in sarcoma diagnostics and treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7068-7093. [PMID: 27732970 PMCID: PMC5351692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of sarcomas with regard to molecular genesis, histology, clinical characteristics, and response to treatment makes management of these rare yet diverse neoplasms particularly challenging. This review encompasses recent developments in sarcoma diagnostics and treatment, including cytotoxic, targeted, epigenetic, and immune therapy agents. In the past year, groups internationally explored the impact of adding mandatory molecular testing to histological diagnosis, reporting some changes in diagnosis and/or management; however, the impact on outcomes could not be adequately assessed. Transcriptome sequencing techniques have brought forward new diagnostic tools for identifying fusions and/or characterizing unclassified entities. Next-generation sequencing and advanced molecular techniques were also applied to identify potential targets for directed and epigenetic therapy, where preclinical studies reported results for agents active within the receptor tyrosine kinase, mTOR, Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, Hsp90, and MDM2 signaling networks. At the level of clinical practice, modest developments were seen for some sarcoma subtypes in conventional chemotherapy and in therapies targeting the pathways activated by various receptor tyrosine kinases. In the burgeoning field of immune therapy, sarcoma work is in its infancy; however, elaborate protocols for immune stimulation are being explored, and checkpoint blockade agents advance from preclinical models to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Dancsok
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karama Asleh-Aburaya
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sarcoma Disease Site Committee, Canadian Cancer Trials Group
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10
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Laporte AN, Poulin NM, Barrott JJ, Wang XQ, Lorzadeh A, Vander Werff R, Jones KB, Underhill TM, Nielsen TO. Death by HDAC Inhibition in Synovial Sarcoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2656-2667. [PMID: 28878027 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cytotoxic therapies for synovial sarcoma provide limited benefit, and no drugs specifically targeting the causative SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein are currently available. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been shown in previous studies to disrupt the synovial sarcoma oncoprotein complex, resulting in apoptosis. To understand the molecular effects of HDAC inhibition, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis was undertaken in six human synovial sarcoma cell lines. HDAC inhibition induced pathways of cell-cycle arrest, neuronal differentiation, and response to oxygen-containing species, effects also observed in other cancers treated with this class of drugs. More specific to synovial sarcoma, polycomb group targets were reactivated, including tumor suppressor CDKN2A, and proapoptotic transcriptional patterns were induced. Functional analyses revealed that ROS-mediated FOXO activation and proapoptotic factors BIK, BIM, and BMF were important to apoptosis induction following HDAC inhibition in synovial sarcoma. HDAC inhibitor pathway activation results in apoptosis and decreased tumor burden following a 7-day quisinostat treatment in the Ptenfl/fl;hSS2 mouse model of synovial sarcoma. This study provides mechanistic support for a particular susceptibility of synovial sarcoma to HDAC inhibition as a means of clinical treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2656-67. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée N Laporte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neal M Poulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Barrott
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiu Qing Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alireza Lorzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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11
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Lee JH, Bae SB, Oh MH, Cho HD, Jang SH, Hong SA, Cho J, Kim SY, Han SW, Lee JE, Kim HJ, Lee HJ. Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split 1 Protein Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:45-53. [PMID: 28382094 PMCID: PMC5378579 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) is a member of the TLE family of transcriptional co-repressors that control the transcription of a wide range of genes. We investigated the prognostic significance of TLE1 protein expression in breast cancers by using immunohistochemistry and explored the relationship of TLE1 with clinicopathological parameters. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on 456 cases of breast cancer tiled on tissue microarrays. The relationship between TLE1 expression in normal breast specimens and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was also analyzed. Results TLE1 was highly expressed in 57 of 456 (12.5%) carcinoma samples. TLE1 was more frequently expressed in DCIS and invasive breast cancers than in normal breast tissue (p=0.002). High expression of TLE1 significantly correlated with negative lymph node (LN) metastasis (p=0.007), high histologic grade (p<0.001), estrogen receptor negativity (p<0.001), progesterone receptor negativity (p<0.001), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (p<0.001), and high Ki-67 proliferation index (p<0.001). Based on intrinsic subtypes, high TLE1 expression was strongly associated with HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) (p<0.001). Survival analysis demonstrated no significant association between TLE1 expression and disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.167) or overall survival (OS) (p=0.286). In subgroup analyses, no correlation was found between TLE1 expression and DFS or OS according to LN status or intrinsic subtype. Conclusion High TLE1 expression is significantly associated with the HER2+ and TNBC subtypes. This is the first study documenting immunohistochemical expression of TLE1 in invasive breast cancer and its association with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and intrinsic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Byung Bae
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mee-Hye Oh
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Deuk Cho
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Si-Hyong Jang
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Han
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Han Jo Kim
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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12
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de Necochea-Campion R, Zuckerman LM, Mirshahidi HR, Khosrowpour S, Chen CS, Mirshahidi S. Metastatic biomarkers in synovial sarcoma. Biomark Res 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28191313 PMCID: PMC5297148 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that typically occurs in the extremities near a joint. Metastatic disease is common and usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation typically used as adjuvant treatment. Although chemotherapy has a positive impact on survival, the prognosis is poor if metastatic disease occurs. The biology of sarcoma invasion and metastasis remain poorly understood. Chromosomal translocation with fusion of the SYT and SSX genes has been described and is currently used as a diagnostic marker, although the full impact of the fusion is unknown. Multiple biomarkers have been found to be associated with SS and are currently under investigation regarding their pathways and mechanisms of action. Further research is needed in order to develop better diagnostic screening tools and understanding of tumor behavior. Development of targeted therapies that reduce metastatic events in SS, would dramatically improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Lee M Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11406 Loma Linda Drive, Suite 218, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Hamid R Mirshahidi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | | | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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13
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Laporte AN, Barrott JJ, Yao RJ, Poulin NM, Brodin BA, Jones KB, Underhill TM, Nielsen TO. HDAC and Proteasome Inhibitors Synergize to Activate Pro-Apoptotic Factors in Synovial Sarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169407. [PMID: 28056055 PMCID: PMC5215898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cytotoxic therapies for synovial sarcoma provide limited benefit, and no drugs specifically targeting its driving SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein are currently available. Patients remain at high risk for early and late metastasis. A high-throughput drug screen consisting of over 900 tool compounds and epigenetic modifiers, representing over 100 drug classes, was undertaken in a panel of synovial sarcoma cell lines to uncover novel sensitizing agents and targetable pathways. Top scoring drug categories were found to be HDAC inhibitors and proteasomal targeting agents. We find that the HDAC inhibitor quisinostat disrupts the SS18-SSX driving protein complex, thereby reestablishing expression of EGR1 and CDKN2A tumor suppressors. In combination with proteasome inhibition, HDAC inhibitors synergize to decrease cell viability and elicit apoptosis. Quisinostat inhibits aggresome formation in response to proteasome inhibition, and combination treatment leads to elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of pro-apoptotic effector proteins BIM and BIK, phosphorylation of BCL-2, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and suppression of tumor growth in a murine model of synovial sarcoma. This study identifies and provides mechanistic support for a particular susceptibility of synovial sarcoma to the combination of quisinostat and proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée N. Laporte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J. Barrott
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ren Jie Yao
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neal M. Poulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bertha A. Brodin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - T. Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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