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Chen CY, Lin YS, Lee WJ, Liao YC, Kuo YS, Yang AC, Fuh JL. Endophenotypic effects of the SORL1 variant rs2298813 on regional brain volume in patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885090. [PMID: 35992588 PMCID: PMC9389408 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Two common variants of sortilin-related receptor 1 gene (SORL1), rs2298813 and rs1784933, have been associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. However, neuroimaging correlates of these two SORL1 variants remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether the two SORL1 polymorphisms were associated with any volumetric differences in brain regions in late-onset AD patients. Methods: We recruited 200 patients with late-onset AD from Taipei Veterans General Hospital. All patients received a structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging brain scan and completed a battery of neurocognitive tests at enrollment. We followed up to assess changes in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in 155 patients (77.5%) at an interval of 2 years. Volumetric measures and cortical thickness of various brain regions were performed using FreeSurfer. Regression analysis controlled for apolipoprotein E status. Multiple comparisons were corrected for using the false discovery rate. Results: The homozygous major allele of rs2298813 was associated with larger volumes in the right putamen (p = 0.0442) and right pallidum (p = 0.0346). There was no link between the rs1784933 genotypes with any regional volume or thickness of the brain. In the rs2298813 homozygous major allele carriers, the right putaminal volume was associated with verbal fluency (p = 0.008), and both the right putaminal and pallidal volumes were predictive of clinical progression at follow-up (p = 0.020). In the minor allele carriers, neither of the nuclei was related to cognitive test performance or clinical progression. Conclusion: The major and minor alleles of rs2298813 had differential effects on the right lentiform nucleus volume and distinctively modulated the association between the regional volume and cognitive function in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuli Branch, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuan Lin
- Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Dementia Center and Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Peripheral Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Kuo
- Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jong-Ling Fuh
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Veitch DP, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Understanding disease progression and improving Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: Recent highlights from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:106-152. [PMID: 30321505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to validate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. ADNI is a multisite, longitudinal, observational study that has collected many biomarkers since 2004. Recent publications highlight the multifactorial nature of late-onset AD. We discuss selected topics that provide insights into AD progression and outline how this knowledge may improve clinical trials. METHODS We used standard methods to identify nearly 600 publications using ADNI data from 2016 and 2017 (listed in Supplementary Material and searchable at http://adni.loni.usc.edu/news-publications/publications/). RESULTS (1) Data-driven AD progression models supported multifactorial interactions rather than a linear cascade of events. (2) β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition occurred concurrently with functional connectivity changes within the default mode network in preclinical subjects and was followed by specific and progressive disconnection of functional and anatomical networks. (3) Changes in functional connectivity, volumetric measures, regional hypometabolism, and cognition were detectable at subthreshold levels of Aβ deposition. 4. Tau positron emission tomography imaging studies detailed a specific temporal and spatial pattern of tau pathology dependent on prior Aβ deposition, and related to subsequent cognitive decline. 5. Clustering studies using a wide range of modalities consistently identified a "typical AD" subgroup and a second subgroup characterized by executive impairment and widespread cortical atrophy in preclinical and prodromal subjects. 6. Vascular pathology burden may act through both Aβ dependent and independent mechanisms to exacerbate AD progression. 7. The APOE ε4 allele interacted with cerebrovascular disease to impede Aβ clearance mechanisms. 8. Genetic approaches identified novel genetic risk factors involving a wide range of processes, and demonstrated shared genetic risk for AD and vascular disorders, as well as the temporal and regional pathological associations of established AD risk alleles. 9. Knowledge of early pathological changes guided the development of novel prognostic biomarkers for preclinical subjects. 10. Placebo populations of randomized controlled clinical trials had highly variable trajectories of cognitive change, underscoring the importance of subject selection and monitoring. 11. Selection criteria based on Aβ positivity, hippocampal volume, baseline cognitive/functional measures, and APOE ε4 status in combination with improved cognitive outcome measures were projected to decrease clinical trial duration and cost. 12. Multiple concurrent therapies targeting vascular health and other AD pathology in addition to Aβ may be more effective than single therapies. DISCUSSION ADNI publications from 2016 and 2017 supported the idea of AD as a multifactorial disease and provided insights into the complexities of AD disease progression. These findings guided the development of novel biomarkers and suggested that subject selection on the basis of multiple factors may lower AD clinical trial costs and duration. The use of multiple concurrent therapies in these trials may prove more effective in reversing AD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Du F, Li D, Piao LS, Yang KJ. Association of sLR11 gene polymorphism with T2DM and carotid atherosclerosis. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:391-400. [PMID: 29865095 DOI: 10.3233/thc-171040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lian-Shan Piao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Kang-Juan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main form of dementia in the elderly, is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavior impairment. AD exhibits a considerable heritability and great advances have been made in approaches to searching the genetic etiology of AD. In AD genetic studies, methods have developed from classic linkage-based and candidate-gene-based association studies to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next generation sequencing (NGS). The identification of new susceptibility genes has provided deeper insights to understand the mechanisms underlying AD. In addition to searching novel genes associated with AD in large samples, the NGS technologies can also be used to shed light on the 'black matter' discovery even in smaller samples. The shift in AD genetics between traditional studies and individual sequencing will allow biomaterials of each patient as the central unit of genetic studies. This review will cover genetic findings in AD and consequences of AD genetic findings. Firstly, we will discuss the discovery of mutations in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, APOE, and ADAM10. Then we will summarize and evaluate the information obtained from GWAS of AD. Finally, we will outline the efforts to identify rare variants associated with AD using NGS.
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Tang X, Wu D, Gu LH, Nie BB, Qi XY, Wang YJ, Wu FF, Li XL, Bai F, Chen XC, Xu L, Ren QG, Zhang ZJ. Spatial learning and memory impairments are associated with increased neuronal activity in 5XFAD mouse as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57556-57570. [PMID: 27542275 PMCID: PMC5295372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of neuronal activity is a major and early contributor to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate neuronal activity alterations at early stage of AD, we encompassed behavioral testing and in vivo manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) in 5XFAD mice at early ages (1-, 2-, 3- and 5-month). The 5XFAD model over-express human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) harboring five familial AD mutations, which have a high APP expression correlating with a high burden and an accelerated accumulation of the 42 amino acid species of amyloid-β. In the Morris water maze, 5XFAD mice showed longer escape latency and poorer memory retention. In the MEMRI, 5XFAD mice showed increased signal intensity in the brain regions involved in spatial cognition, including the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, the retrosplenial cortex and the caudate putamen. Of note, the observed alterations in spatial cognition were associated with increased MEMRI signal intensity. These findings indicate that aberrant increased basal neuronal activity may contribute to the spatial cognitive function impairment at early stage of AD, and may further suggest the potential use of MEMRI to predict cognitive impairments. Early intervention that targets aberrant neuronal activity may be crucial to prevent cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yang Qi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Guo Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chou CT, Liao YC, Lee WJ, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. SORL1 gene, plasma biomarkers, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease for the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:53. [PMID: 28034305 PMCID: PMC5200969 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) gene, regulating the trafficking and recycling of amyloid precursor protein, has been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between SORL1 polymorphisms, plasma concentrations of amyloid-beta (Aβ) isoforms, and AD and MCI susceptibility for a Han Chinese population in Taiwan. Methods Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SORL1 and the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 alleles were genotyped in 798 patients with AD, 157 patients with MCI, and 401 control subjects. Plasma concentrations of Aβ42, Aβ40, and neuropsychiatric tests for six different cognitive domains were examined. Results Among the eight tested SNPs, SORL1 rs1784933 was most significantly associated with AD and MCI in our population. The G allele of rs1784933 exerted a protective effect and was associated with a reduced risk of AD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, p = 0.004) and MCI (OR = 0.69, p = 0.013). The significance remained after we adjusted for age, sex, and APOE ε4 alleles. For the overall participants, the plasma concentrations of Aβ42 were nominally significant for subjects carrying the rs1784933 G allele having a lower level than those without the G allele (p = 0.046). There was a similar trend for the G allele carriers to have a lower plasma Aβ40 level than noncarriers, but this was not significant. The nonsynonymous SNP rs2298813 was also related to a lower disease risk when AD and MCI were combined as a group (OR = 0.76, p = 0.035). However, there was no association between SORL1 genotypes and any of the six cognitive tests. Conclusions Findings from our study provide support for the effect of SORL1 gene on the disease risks and pathognomonic surrogates of AD/MCI. The interaction between SORL1 polymorphisms and Aβ formation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Chou
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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