1
|
Faltus C, Lahnsteiner A, Barrdahl M, Assenov Y, Hüsing A, Bogatyrova O, Laplana M, Johnson T, Muley T, Meister M, Warth A, Thomas M, Plass C, Kaaks R, Risch A. Identification of NHLRC1 as a Novel AKT Activator from a Lung Cancer Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810699. [PMID: 36142605 PMCID: PMC9505874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation identified by epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have been recently linked to increased lung cancer risk. However, the cellular effects of these differentially methylated positions (DMPs) are often unclear. Therefore, we investigated top differentially methylated positions identified from an EWAS study. This included a putative regulatory region of NHLRC1. Hypomethylation of this gene was recently linked with decreased survival rates in lung cancer patients. HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (450K) analysis was performed on 66 lung cancer case-control pairs from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Heidelberg lung cancer EWAS (EPIC HD) cohort. DMPs identified in these pre-diagnostic blood samples were then investigated for differential DNA methylation in lung tumor versus adjacent normal lung tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and replicated in two independent lung tumor versus adjacent normal tissue replication sets with MassARRAY. The EPIC HD top hypermethylated DMP cg06646708 was found to be a hypomethylated region in multiple data sets of lung tumor versus adjacent normal tissue. Hypomethylation within this region caused increased mRNA transcription of the closest gene NHLRC1 in lung tumors. In functional assays, we demonstrate attenuated proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion upon NHLRC1 knock-down in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, diminished AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 causing expression of pro-apoptotic AKT-repressed genes was detected in these knock-down experiments. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the powerful potential for discovery of novel functional mechanisms in oncogenesis based on EWAS DNA methylation data. NHLRC1 holds promise as a new prognostic biomarker for lung cancer survival and prognosis, as well as a target for novel treatment strategies in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Faltus
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer (Epi-)Genetics, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Division of Cancer (Epi-)Genetics, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anika Hüsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Bogatyrova
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Laplana
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ–German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer (Epi-)Genetics, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-662-8044-7220
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, Pang L, Dai W, Wu S, Ren T, Duan Y, Zheng Y, Bi S, Zhang X, Kong J. Role of Forkhead Box O Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biology and Progression (Review). Front Oncol 2021; 11:667730. [PMID: 34123834 PMCID: PMC8190381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of malignant tumor of the digestive system, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The main treatment for HCC is surgical resection. Advanced disease, recurrence, and metastasis are the main factors affecting prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not sufficiently efficacious for the treatment of primary and metastatic HCC; therefore, optimizing targeted therapy is essential for improving outcomes. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are widely expressed in cells and function to integrate a variety of growth factors, oxidative stress signals, and other stimulatory signals, thereby inducing the specific expression of downstream signal factors and regulation of the cell cycle, senescence, apoptosis, oxidative stress, HCC development, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Accordingly, FOXO proteins are considered multifunctional targets of cancer treatment. The current review discusses the roles of FOXO proteins, particularly FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6, in HCC and establishes a theoretical basis for the potential targeted therapy of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengqi Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunlong Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyuan Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He X, Zou K. MiRNA-96-5p contributed to the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXO3. J Biochem 2020; 167:101-108. [PMID: 31598681 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) and the forkhead box O (FOXO) family proteins have been shown to influence gastric cancer progression and development. Here, we aimed to identify the gastric cancer related miRNAs and their relationship with the FOXO family. MiRNA profiles were generated by miRNA microarray screening from pre-operative plasma samples. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western bolt were used to determine the expression levels of miR-96 and FOXO family. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay and colony formation assay were used to test the cell viability. The miR-96-5p and FOXO3 interaction were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Our results demonstrated the excessive expression of miR-96-5p in gastric cancer cell lines and plasma samples from gastric cancer patients. In addition, the protein levels of FOXO3 were decreased in tissue samples from gastric cancer patients. Moreover, miR-96-5p accelerated the gastric cancer cell proliferation by directly targeting FOXO3. Therefore, we conclude that iR-96-5p might promote the progression of gastric cancer by directly targeting FOXO3 mRNA and downregulating the expression of FOXO3 protein, which provides new insights for the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kejian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Wu X, Fang N, Liu X, Liu X, Yang L, Huang K, Luo A, Cai M, Wu F, Jiang H, Xu L. FOXO3 gene polymorphisms influence the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Chinese children. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2019-2026. [PMID: 31691337 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in children and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain genes influence risk of ALL. Although FOXO3 had been demonstrated to be involved leukemia, the role of FOXO3 polymorphisms was still not clear. In the present study, we explored the association of FOXO3 SNPs with ALL risk in Chinese children. We genotyped four polymorphisms (rs17069665 A>G, rs4945816 T>C, rs4946936 C>T, and rs9400241 A>C) of FOXO3 in 425 ALL cases and 1339 health controls. The associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Further analyses were performed to explore associations of rs17069665 and rs9400241 with ALL susceptibility in terms of age, gender, immunophenotype, minimal residual disease (MRD), and other clinical characteristics. We found rs17069665 related to the increased ALL risk (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.02-3.04), rs9400241 related to decreased ALL risk (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.64-0.99). The effects of rs17069665 on ALL risk were more predominant in males and children < 10 years, and patients with lower rates of platelet or neutrophil. As for rs9400241, the effects were more predominant in children < 10 years, and in patients with pre B ALL, positive MRD, anemia, or hepatomegaly. In conclusion, FOXO3 gene polymorphisms influence the risk of ALL in children and might be a potential biomarker for ALL susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mirzaie M, Nasiri M, Karimi M, Yavarian M, Kavosi A. FoxO3a Gene Down-regulation in Pathogenesis of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_203_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy found in the pediatrics with the peak prevalence between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT pathway inhibits the tumor-suppressor role of FoxO3a (a member of the forkhead class O [FoxO] transcription factor family) in a variety of cancers and leads to tumorigenesis. This study aims to investigate the expression of FoxO3a in three different stages of pediatric ALL in mRNA level. Subjects and Methods: In this case-control study, 70 patients with childhood ALL and 70 healthy age- and gender-matched as the control group were enrolled. Real-time quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of FoxO3a in children with different stages of ALL and healthy children as a control group. Results: Data showed that the expression of FoxO3a mRNA was lower in newly diagnosed ALL patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001), maintenance (P = 0.0342), and relapse (P = 0.0006) groups, while no difference was observed between other groups. In addition, T-ALL patients showed decreased expression of FoxO3a compared to Pre-B ALL ones (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study results suggest that FoxO3a plays a tumor-suppressor role in ALL. Thus, its up-regulation seems to be a plausible therapeutic strategy for this type of tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirzaie
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, India
| | | | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, India
| | - Majid Yavarian
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, India
| | - Arghavan Kavosi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hagenbuchner J, Rupp M, Salvador C, Meister B, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Müller T, Geiger K, Sergi C, Obexer P, Ausserlechner MJ. Nuclear FOXO3 predicts adverse clinical outcome and promotes tumor angiogenesis in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77591-77606. [PMID: 27769056 PMCID: PMC5363607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent, extracranial solid tumor in children with still poor prognosis in stage IV disease. In this study, we analyzed FOXO3-phosphorylation and cellular localization in tumor biopsies and determined the function of this homeostasis regulator in vitro and in vivo. FOXO3-phosphorylation at threonine-32 (T32) and nuclear localization in biopsies significantly correlated with stage IV disease. DNA-damaging drugs induced nuclear accumulation of FOXO3, which was associated with elevated T32-phosphorylation in stage IV-derived neuroblastoma cells, thereby reflecting the in situ results. In contrast, hypoxic conditions repressed PKB-activity and caused dephosphorylation of FOXO3 in both, stroma-like SH-EP and high-stage-derived STA-NB15 cells. The activation of an ectopically-expressed FOXO3 in these cells reduced viability at normoxia, but promoted growth at hypoxic conditions and elevated VEGF-C-expression. In chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays STA-NB15 tumors with ectopic FOXO3 showed increased micro-vessel formation and, when xenografted into nude mice, a gene-dosage-dependent effect of FOXO3 in high-stage STA-NB15 cells became evident: low-level activation increased tumor-vascularization, whereas hyper-activation repressed tumor growth. The combined data suggest that, depending on the mode and intensity of activation, cellular FOXO3 acts as a homeostasis regulator promoting tumor growth at hypoxic conditions and tumor angiogenesis in high-stage neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hagenbuchner
- Departments of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Rupp
- Departments of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Müller
- Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Consolato Sergi
- Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Petra Obexer
- Departments of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael J Ausserlechner
- Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Bao R, Peng S, Zhang C. The molecular mechanism of ovarian granulosa cell tumors. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:13. [PMID: 29409506 PMCID: PMC5802052 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over these years, more and more sex cord-stromal tumors have been reported. Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor in ovaries, accounts for 2% to 5% of ovarian cancers. The main different feature of GCTs from other ovarian cancers is that GCTs can lead to abnormally secreted hormones (estrogen, inhibin and Müllerian inhibiting substance). The GCT is divided into two categories according to the age of patients, namely AGCT (adult granulosa cell tumor) and JGCT (Juvenile granulosa cell tumor). AGCT patients accounts for 95%. Although the pathogenesis is not clear, FOXL2 (Forkhead box L2) mutation was considered as the most critical factor in AGCT development. The current treatment is dominated by surgery. Target therapy remains in the adjuvant therapy stage, such as hormone therapy. During these years, other pathogenic factors were also explored, such as PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; serine/threonine kinase), TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, GATA4 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). These factors and signaling pathway play important roles in GCT cell proliferation, apoptosis, or angiogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possible pathogenic factors and signaling pathways, which may shed lights on developing potential therapeutic targets for GCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Li
- Joint programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Riqiang Bao
- Joint programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiwei Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monteleone NJ, Lutz CS. miR-708-5p: a microRNA with emerging roles in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71292-71316. [PMID: 29050362 PMCID: PMC5642637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are crucial for normal development and maintaining homeostasis. Researchers have discovered that dysregulated miRNA expression contributes to many pathological conditions, including cancer. miRNAs can augment or suppress tumorigenesis based on their expression and transcribed targetome in various cell types. In recent years, researchers have begun to identify miRNAs commonly dysregulated in cancer. One recently identified miRNA, miR-708-5p, has been shown to have profound roles in promoting or suppressing oncogenesis in a myriad of solid and hematological tumors. This review highlights the diverse, sometimes controversial findings reported for miR-708-5p in cancer, and the importance of further exploring this exciting miRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Monteleone
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, and the School of Graduate Studies, Health Sciences Campus - Newark, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carol S Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, and the School of Graduate Studies, Health Sciences Campus - Newark, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salcher S, Hermann M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Ausserlechner MJ, Obexer P. C10ORF10/DEPP-mediated ROS accumulation is a critical modulator of FOXO3-induced autophagy. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:95. [PMID: 28545464 PMCID: PMC5445297 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in childhood and develops from undifferentiated progenitor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. In neuronal tumor cells DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents activate the transcription factor FOXO3 which regulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death as well as a longevity program associated with therapy resistance. We demonstrated before that C10ORF10/DEPP, a transcriptional target of FOXO3, localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria and impairs cellular ROS detoxification. In the present study, we investigated the impact of FOXO3 and DEPP on the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy serves to reduce oxidative damage as it triggers a self-degradative process for the removal of aggregated or misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Methods The effect of FOXO3 and DEPP on autophagy induction was analyzed using live cell fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses of SH-EP cells transfected with a plasmid for EYFP-LC3 and with siRNAs specific for LC3, respectively. ROS steady-state levels were measured with reduced MitoTrackerRed CM-H2XROS. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and the caspase 3/7 assay. Results We report for the first time that DEPP induces ROS accumulation and thereby mediates the formation of autophagosomes as inhibition of ROS formation by N-acetyl-cysteine completely blocks autophagy. We further demonstrate that H2O2-treatment triggers autophagy-induction by FOXO3-mediated DEPP expression. Importantly, knockdown of DEPP was sufficient to efficiently inhibit autophagy-induction under different stress conditions such as serum starvation and genotoxic stress, suggesting that DEPP expression is critical for the initiation of autophagy in neuroblastoma. FOXO3-triggered autophagy partially protects neuroblastoma cells from cell death. Consistent with this concept, we demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy by LC3-knockdown significantly increased etoposide- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. These results were also confirmed by the use of the autophagy-inhibitor chloroquine that significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of etoposide and doxorubicin in neuronal tumor cells. Conclusion Targeting FOXO3/DEPP-triggered autophagy is a promising strategy to sensitize neuroblastoma cells to chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0661-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salcher
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Ausserlechner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - P Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sahni H, Ross S, Barbarulo A, Solanki A, Lau CI, Furmanski A, Saldaña JI, Ono M, Hubank M, Barenco M, Crompton T. A genome wide transcriptional model of the complex response to pre-TCR signalling during thymocyte differentiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28646-60. [PMID: 26415229 PMCID: PMC4745683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing thymocytes require pre-TCR signalling to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double negative to CD4+CD8+ double positive cell. Here we followed the transcriptional response to pre-TCR signalling in a synchronised population of differentiating double negative thymocytes. This time series analysis revealed a complex transcriptional response, in which thousands of genes were up and down-regulated before changes in cell surface phenotype were detected. Genome-wide measurement of RNA degradation of individual genes showed great heterogeneity in the rate of degradation between different genes. We therefore used time course expression and degradation data and a genome wide transcriptional modelling (GWTM) strategy to model the transcriptional response of genes up-regulated on pre-TCR signal transduction. This analysis revealed five major temporally distinct transcriptional activities that up regulate transcription through time, whereas down-regulation of expression occurred in three waves. Our model thus placed known regulators in a temporal perspective, and in addition identified novel candidate regulators of thymocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sahni
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Anisha Solanki
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna Furmanski
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Masahiro Ono
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mike Hubank
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Martino Barenco
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ergosterol purified from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating multiple tumor suppressors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17832-46. [PMID: 26098777 PMCID: PMC4627349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously screened thirteen medicinal mushrooms for their potential anti-cancer activities in eleven different cell lines and found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest capacity in inducing cancer cell death. The current study aimed to purify molecules mediating the anti-cancer cell activity. The extract of Amauroderma rude was subject to fractionation, silica gel chromatography, and HPLC. We purified a compound and identified it as ergosterol by EI-MS and NMR, which was expressed at the highest level in Amauroderma rude compared with other medicinal mushrooms tested. We found that ergosterol induced cancer cell death, which was time and concentration dependent. In the in vivo experiment, normal mice were injected with murine cancer cell line B16 that is very aggressive and caused mouse death severely. We found that treatment with ergosterol prolonged mouse survival. We found that ergosterol-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell viability occurred through apoptosis and that ergosterol up-regulated expression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3. In addition, the Foxo3 down-stream signaling molecules Fas, FasL, BimL, and BimS were up-regulated leading to apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Our results suggest that ergosterol is the main anti-cancer ingredient in Amauroderma rude, which activated the apoptotic signal pathway. Ergosterol may serve as a potential lead for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Salinomycin decreases doxorubicin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the β-catenin/TCF complex association via FOXO3a activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10350-65. [PMID: 25871400 PMCID: PMC4496360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a conventional and effective chemotherapy drug against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, during long-term doxorubicin monotherapy, HCC cells may eventually develop acquired-resistance to doxorubicin which results in recurrence and a poor prognosis. Salinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, was recently reported to selectively kill human cancer stem cells (CSCs) which were response for chemoresistance. In this study, salinomycin was found to exert synergistic cytotoxicity with doxorubicin in HCC cells and be capable of inhibiting doxorubicin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important cellular process involved in the acquired chemoresistance of tumors. Further experiments revealed that FOXO3a, a multifunctional transcription factor that can be activated by salinomycin, was vital in mediating doxorubicin-induced EMT. In addition, activated FOXO3a disturbed the interaction between β-catenin and TCF and inhibited the expression of β-catenin/TCF target genes (ZEB1, c-Myc and CyclinD1), which played important roles in doxorubicin-induced EMT in HCC cells. Finally, the enhanced curative efficacy of combination treatment of doxorubicin and salinomycin for HCC was confirmed in established xenograft models. In summary, the present study identifies a new doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for advanced HCC and provides a potential anti-cancer strategy targeting FOXO3a and related cell pathway molecules.
Collapse
|
13
|
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates doxorubicin-inducible P-glycoprotein level by reducing Foxo3 stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:328-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Consolaro F, Ghaem-Maghami S, Bortolozzi R, Zona S, Khongkow M, Basso G, Viola G, Lam EWF. FOXO3a and Posttranslational Modifications Mediate Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in B-ALL. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1578-90. [PMID: 26376801 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL); however, the molecular mechanism underlying glucocorticoid response and resistance is unclear. In this study, the role and regulation of FOXO3a in mediating the dexamethasone response in B-ALL were investigated. The results show that FOXO3a mediates the cytotoxic function of dexamethasone. In response to dexamethasone, it was found that FOXO3a translocates into the nucleus, where it induces the expression of downstream targets, including p27Kip1 and Bim, important for proliferative arrest and cell death in the sensitive RS4;11 and SUP-B15 B-ALL cells. FOXO3a activation by dexamethasone is mediated partially through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. Furthermore, two posttranslational modifications were uncovered, phosphorylation on Ser-7 and acetylation on Lys-242/5, that associated with FOXO3a activation by dexamethasone. Immunoblot analysis showed that the phosphorylation on Ser-7 of FOXO3a is associated with p38/JNK activation, whereas the acetylation on Lys-242/5 is correlated with the downregulation of SIRT1/2/6 and the induction of the acetyltransferase CBP/p300. Collectively, these results indicate that FOXO3a is essential for dexamethasone response in B-ALL cells, and its nuclear translocation and activation is associated with its phosphorylation on Ser-7 and acetylation on Lys-242/245. These posttranslational events can be exploited as biomarkers for B-ALL diagnosis and as drug targets for B-ALL treatment, particularly for overcoming the glucocorticoid resistance. IMPLICATIONS FOXO3a and its posttranslational regulation are essential for dexamethasone response, and targeting FOXO3a and sirtuins may enhance the dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity in B-ALL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Consolaro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom. Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
High-Level Expression, Purification and Large-Scale Production of l-Methionine γ-Lyase from Idiomarina as a Novel Anti-Leukemic Drug. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5492-507. [PMID: 26308011 PMCID: PMC4557031 DOI: 10.3390/md13085492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Methionine γ-lyase (MGL), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, possesses anti-tumor activity. However, the low activity of MGL blocks the anti-tumor effect. This study describes an efficient production process for the recombinant MGL (rMGL) from Idiomarina constructed using the overexpression plasmid in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purification, and large-scale production. The enzyme produced by the transformants accounted for 53% of the total proteins and accumulated at 1.95 mg/mL using a 500 L fermentor. The enzyme was purified to approximately 99% purity using a high-pressure mechanical homogenizer and nickel (Ni) Sepharose 6 Fast Flow (FF) chromatography. Then, the enzyme was polished by gel filtration, the endotoxins were removed using diethyl-aminoethanol (DEAE) Sepharose FF, and the final product was lyophilized with a vacuum freeze dryer at -35 °C. The specific activity of rMGL in the lyophilized powder was up to 108 U/mg. Compared to the control, the enzyme significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner as tested using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and induced cellular apoptosis as analyzed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in leukemia cells. This paper demonstrated the cloning, overexpression, and large-scale production protocols for rMGL, which enabled rMGL to be used as a novel anti-leukemic drug.
Collapse
|
16
|
Salcher S, Hagenbuchner J, Geiger K, Seiter MA, Rainer J, Kofler R, Hermann M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Ausserlechner MJ, Obexer P. C10ORF10/DEPP, a transcriptional target of FOXO3, regulates ROS-sensitivity in human neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:224. [PMID: 25261981 PMCID: PMC4197242 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FOXO transcription factors control cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which critically contribute to cell survival and cell death in neuroblastoma. In the present study we investigated the regulation of C10orf10/DEPP by the transcription factor FOXO3. As a physiological function of C10orf10/DEPP has not been described so far we analyzed its effects on cellular ROS detoxification and death sensitization in human neuroblastoma cells. Methods The effect of DEPP on cellular ROS was measured by catalase activity assay and live cell fluorescence microscopy using the ROS-sensitive dye reduced MitoTracker Red CM-H2XROS. The cellular localization of DEPP was determined by confocal microscopy of EYFP-tagged DEPP, fluorescent peroxisomal- and mitochondrial probes and co-immunoprecipitation of the PEX7 receptor. Results We report for the first time that DEPP regulates ROS detoxification and localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria in neuroblastoma cells. FOXO3-mediated apoptosis involves a biphasic ROS accumulation. Knockdown of DEPP prevented the primary and secondary ROS wave during FOXO3 activation and attenuated FOXO3- and H2O2-induced apoptosis. Conditional overexpression of DEPP elevates cellular ROS levels and sensitizes to H2O2 and etoposide-induced cell death. In neuronal cells, cellular ROS are mainly detoxified in peroxisomes by the enzyme CAT/catalase. As DEPP contains a peroxisomal-targeting-signal-type-2 (PTS2) sequence at its N-terminus that allows binding to the PEX7 receptor and import into peroxisomes, we analyzed the effect of DEPP on cellular detoxification by measuring enzyme activity of catalase. Catalase activity was reduced in DEPP-overexpressing cells and significantly increased in DEPP-knockdown cells. DEPP directly interacts with the PEX7 receptor and localizes to the peroxisomal compartment. In parallel, the expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a critical regulator of catalase enzyme activity, was strongly upregulated in DEPP-knockdown cells. Conclusion The combined data indicate that in neuroblastoma DEPP localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria and impairs cellular ROS detoxification, which sensitizes tumor cells to ROS-induced cell death. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-224) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Ausserlechner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hua C, Guo H, Bu J, Zhou M, Cheng H, He F, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhou J, Cheng T, Xu M, Yuan W. Rictor/mammalian target of rapamycin 2 regulates the development of Notch1 induced murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via forkhead box O3. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:1031-40.e1-4. [PMID: 25201756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is composed of two distinct biochemical complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. In response to nutrients and growth factors, mTORC1 is known to control cellular growth by regulating the translational regulators S6 kinase 1 and 4E binding protein 1, whereas mTORC2 mediates cell proliferation and survival by activating Akt through phosphorylation at Ser473. Studies have shown that the deregulation of mTORC2 leads to the development of myeloproliferative disorder and leukemia in the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-deleted mouse model. However, the mechanism by which mTORC2 specifically affects leukemogenesis is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of mTORC2 in NOTCH1-driven T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in a Rictor-deficient mouse model. We found that, by deleting Rictor, an essential component of mTORC2, leukemia progression was significantly suppressed by arresting a greater proportion of Rictor(△/△) leukemic cells at the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the absence of Rictor led to the overexpression of chemotaxis-related genes, such as CCR2, CCR4 and CXCR4, which contributed to the homing and migration of Rictor-deficient T-ALL cells to the spleen but not the bone marrow. In addition, we demonstrated that inactivation of mTORC2 caused the overexpression of forkhead box O3 and its downstream effectors and eased the progression of leukemia in T-ALL mice. Our study thus indicates that forkhead box O3 could be a potential drug target for the treatment of T-ALL leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huidong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiachen Bu
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Bio-Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuhong He
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Bio-Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Bio-Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seiter MA, Salcher S, Rupp M, Hagenbuchner J, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Mortier J, Wolber G, Rollinger JM, Obexer P, Ausserlechner MJ. Discovery of Sanggenon G as a natural cell-permeable small-molecular weight inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:659-71. [PMID: 25161875 PMCID: PMC4141193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of a novel XIAP-inhibitory natural compound from Morus root bark (Sanggenon G). Sanggenon G binds specific to the BIR3 domain of XIAP in a low μM range. Sanggenon G interferes with XIAP-BIR3-substrate binding in living cells. Sanggenon G acts as chemosensitizer in tumor cell lines with high XIAP expression.
Defects in the regulation of apoptosis are one main cause of cancer development and may result from overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). XIAP is frequently overexpressed in human leukemia and prostate and breast tumors. Inhibition of apoptosis by XIAP is mainly coordinated through direct binding to the initiator caspase-9 via its baculovirus-IAP-repeat-3 (BIR3) domain. XIAP inhibits caspases directly making it to an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. In the search for novel, non-peptidic XIAP inhibitors in this study we focused on the chemical constituents of sāng bái pí (mulberry root bark). Most promising candidates of this plant were tested biochemically in vitro by a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay and in vivo via protein fragment complementation analysis (PCA). We identified the Diels Alder adduct Sanggenon G (SG1) as a novel, small-molecular weight inhibitor of XIAP. As shown by FP and PCA analyses, SG1 binds specifically to the BIR3 domain of XIAP with a binding affinity of 34.26 μM. Treatment of the transgenic leukemia cell line Molt3/XIAP with SG1 enhances caspase-8, -3 and -9 cleavage, displaces caspase-9 from XIAP as determined by immunoprecipitation experiments and sensitizes these cells to etoposide-induced apoptosis. SG1 not only sensitizes the XIAP-overexpressing leukemia cell line Molt3/XIAP to etoposide treatment but also different neuroblastoma cell lines endogenously expressing high XIAP levels. Taken together, Sanggenon G (SG1) is a novel, natural, non-peptidic, small-molecular inhibitor of XIAP that can serve as a starting point to develop a new class of improved XIAP inhibitors.
Collapse
Key Words
- (FP-) assay, fluorescence polarization assay
- ARPF-FAM, ARPF-K(5-Fam)-NH2-peptide
- BIR-3, baculovirus-IAP-repeat-3
- CC, column chromatography
- Cell permeable
- Kd, dissociation constant
- Ki, binding affinity
- MAC, methanol crude extract of mulberry root bark
- Natural
- PCA, protein fragment complementation analysis
- RLU, relative luminescence units
- SG1, sanggenon G
- Sanggenon G
- Small-molecular weight
- XIAP inhibitor
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Seiter
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Jérémie Mortier
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 2, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 2, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Institutes of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael J Ausserlechner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Albert MC, Brinkmann K, Kashkar H. Noxa and cancer therapy: Tuning up the mitochondrial death machinery in response to chemotherapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29906. [PMID: 27308315 PMCID: PMC4905168 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical analyses have characterized the BH3-only protein family member Noxa as a “sensitizer” with weak pro-apoptotic activity. Investigations into cancer cell responses to chemotherapeutic agents have identified Noxa as a pivotal factor mediating the cytotoxic effect of a plethora of anticancer treatments independent of its own pro-apoptotic activity. Accumulating evidence now suggests that tumor cells exert a number of strategies to counteract Noxa function by exploiting diverse cellular regulatory circuits that normally govern Noxa expression during cellular stress responses. Here, we summarize data concerning the role of Noxa in cancer chemosensitivity and highlight the potential of this enigmatic BH3-only protein family member in current and novel anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Albert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkmann
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu H. Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1327-34. [PMID: 25175498 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of forkhead box (FOX) proteins has been found in many genetic diseases and malignancies including leukemia. Leukemia is a common neoplastic disease of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the presence of immature leukocytes and is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer. Forkhead transcription factors, FOXM1 and FOXO family members (FOXOs), are important mediators in leukemia development. Aberrant expression of FOXM1 and FOXOs results in leukemogenesis. Usually the expression of FOXM1 is upregulated, whereas the expression of FOXOs is downregulated due to phosphorylation, nuclear exclusion and degradation in leukemia. On the one hand, FOXOs are bona fide tumor suppressors, on the other hand, active FOXOs maintain leukemia stem cells and stimulate drug resistance genes, contributing to leukemogenesis. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been proven to be potential targets for the development of leukemia therapeutics. They are also valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers in leukemia for clinical applications. This review summarizes the present knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms by which FOXM1 and FOXOs modulate leukemogenesis and leukemia development, the clinical relevance of these FOX proteins in leukemia and related areas that warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Farooqi AA, Yaylim I, Ozkan NE, Zaman F, Halim TA, Chang HW. Restoring TRAIL mediated signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 62:459-74. [PMID: 25030086 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has emerged as a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Genetic/epigenetic mutations, suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, rewiring of intracellular signaling cascades and loss of apoptosis are some of the deeply studied mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted different molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer. In this review, we bring to limelight, expansion in understanding systematical characterization of ovarian cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new drugs and treatments to target negative regulators of TRAIL mediated signaling pathway. Wide ranging synthetic and natural agents have been shown to stimulate mRNA and protein expression of death receptors. This review is compartmentalized into programmed cell death protein 4, platelet-derived growth factor signaling and miRNA control of TRAIL mediated signaling to ovarian cancer. Mapatumumab and PRO95780 have been tested for efficacy against ovarian cancer. Use of high-throughput screening assays will aid in dissecting the heterogeneity of this disease and increasing a long-term survival which might be achieved by translating rapidly accumulating information obtained from molecular and cellular studies to clinic researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, RLMC, 35 km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2 protein family are frequently deregulated in tumors as they critically control cell death induction in mammalian cells. Alterations of these proteins may cause resistance to chemotherapy-induced cell death and immune responses. By serendipity we cloned a variant of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2-family member Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl1) from human neuroblastoma and leukemia cells. This Mcl1L variant lacks a 45 bp sequence that codes for 15 highly conserved amino acids ranging from Gly158 to Asp172. This region is part of the so called PEST-sequence of Mcl1L and contains two phosphorylation sites (Ser159 and Thr163) that regulate Mcl1L stability. A caspase 3/caspase 8 cleavage site at Asp157 which has been reported to be critical for death-receptor-induced apoptosis and for the conversion of Mcl1L into a pro-apoptotic protein is also missing in this novel variant. Importantly, Mcl1LdelGly158-Asp172 bound significantly more pro-apoptotic Bim compared to Mcl1L and showed increased anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity compared to Mcl1L during death receptor-induced cell death. This suggests that this novel Mcl1L variant efficiently protects tumor cells against extrinsic death signalling and therefore may provide a survival advantage for highly aggressive tumors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dumitrascu GR, Bucur O. Critical physiological and pathological functions of Forkhead Box O tumor suppressors. Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1:e5. [PMID: 32309538 PMCID: PMC6941590 DOI: 10.15190/d.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box, subclass O (FOXO) proteins are critical transcription factors, ubiquitously expressed in the human body. These proteins are characterized by a remarkable functional diversity, being involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, oxidative detoxification, DNA damage repair, stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, cardiac development, aging and others. In addition, FOXO have critical implications in both normal and cancer stem cell biology. New strategies to modulate FOXO expression and activity may now be developed since the discovery of novel FOXO regulators and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs) targeting FOXO transcription factors. This review focuses on physiological and pathological functions of FOXO proteins and on their action as fine regulators of cell fate and context-dependent cell decisions. A better understanding of the structure and critical functions of FOXO transcription factors and tumor suppressors may contribute to the development of novel therapies for cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana R Dumitrascu
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|