1
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Takchi R, Prudner BC, Gong Q, Hagi T, Newcomer KF, Jin LX, Vangveravong S, Van Tine BA, Hawkins WG, Spitzer D. Cytotoxic sigma-2 ligands trigger cancer cell death via cholesterol-induced-ER-stress. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:309. [PMID: 38697978 PMCID: PMC11066049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-2-ligands (S2L) are characterized by high binding affinities to their cognate sigma-2 receptor, overexpressed in rapidly proliferating tumor cells. As such, S2L were developed as imaging probes (ISO1) or as cancer therapeutics, alone (SV119 [C6], SW43 [C10]) and as delivery vehicles for cytotoxic drug cargoes (C6-Erastin, C10-SMAC). However, the exact mechanism of S2L-induced cytotoxicity remains to be fully elucidated. A series of high-affinity S2L were evaluated regarding their cytotoxicity profiles across cancer cell lines. While C6 and C10 displayed distinct cytotoxicities, C0 and ISO1 were essentially non-toxic. Confocal microscopy and lipidomics analysis in cellular and mouse models revealed that C10 induced increases in intralysosomal free cholesterol and in cholesterol esters, suggestive of unaltered intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Cytotoxicity was caused by cholesterol excess, a phenomenon that contrasts the effects of NPC1 inhibition. RNA-sequencing revealed gene clusters involved in cholesterol homeostasis and ER stress response exclusively by cytotoxic S2L. ER stress markers were confirmed by qPCR and their targeted modulation inhibited or enhanced cytotoxicity of C10 in a predicted manner. Moreover, C10 increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), both found to be pro-survival factors activated by ER stress. Furthermore, inhibition of downstream processes of the adaptive response to S2L with simvastatin resulted in synergistic treatment outcomes in combination with C10. Of note, the S2L conjugates retained the ER stress response of the parental ligands, indicative of cholesterol homeostasis being involved in the overall cytotoxicity of the drug conjugates. Based on these findings, we conclude that S2L-mediated cell death is due to free cholesterol accumulation that leads to ER stress. Consequently, the cytotoxic profiles of S2L drug conjugates are proposed to be enhanced via concurrent ER stress inducers or simvastatin, strategies that could be instrumental on the path toward tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Takchi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Takaomi Hagi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth F Newcomer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda X Jin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suwanna Vangveravong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Hagi T, Vangveravong S, Takchi R, Gong Q, Goedegebuure SP, Tiriac H, Van Tine BA, Powell MA, Hawkins WG, Spitzer D. The novel drug candidate S2/IAPinh improves survival in models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6373. [PMID: 38493257 PMCID: PMC10944456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer selective apoptosis remains a therapeutic challenge and off-target toxicity has limited enthusiasm for this target clinically. Sigma-2 ligands (S2) have been shown to enhance the cancer selectivity of small molecule drug candidates by improving internalization. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel drug conjugate, which was created by linking a clinically underperforming SMAC mimetic (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases; LCL161), an inhibitor (antagonist) of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPinh) with the sigma-2 ligand SW43, resulting in the new chemical entity S2/IAPinh. Drug potency was assessed via cell viability assays across several pancreatic and ovarian cancer cell lines in comparison with the individual components (S2 and IAPinh) as well as their equimolar mixtures (S2 + IAPinh) both in vitro and in preclinical models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Mechanistic studies of S2/IAPinh-mediated cell death were investigated in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic and xenograft mouse models of murine pancreatic and human ovarian cancer, respectively. S2/IAPinh demonstrated markedly improved pharmacological activity in cancer cell lines and primary organoid cultures when compared to the controls. In vivo testing demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor growth rates and increased survival rates when compared to the respective control groups. The predicted mechanism of action of S2/IAPinh was confirmed through assessment of apoptosis pathways and demonstrated strong target degradation (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-1 [cIAP-1]) and activation of caspases 3 and 8. Taken together, S2/IAPinh demonstrated efficacy in models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer, two challenging malignancies in need of novel treatment concepts. Our data support an in-depth investigation into utilizing S2/IAPinh for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Hagi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suwanna Vangveravong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rony Takchi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA, San Diego, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Zeng J, Zhang X, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Dou P, Liu T. Harnessing ferroptosis for enhanced sarcoma treatment: mechanisms, progress and prospects. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:31. [PMID: 38475936 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from mesenchymal tissue. The common treatment for sarcoma is surgery supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, patients have a 5-year survival rate of only approximately 60%, and sarcoma cells are highly resistant to chemotherapy. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic type of regulated programmed cell death that is closely related to the pathophysiological processes underlying tumorigenesis, neurological diseases and other conditions. Moreover, ferroptosis is mediated via multiple regulatory pathways that may be targets for disease therapy. Recent studies have shown that the induction of ferroptosis is an effective way to kill sarcoma cells and reduce their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, ferroptosis-related genes are related to the immune system, and their expression can be used to predict sarcoma prognosis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying ferroptosis in detail, systematically summarize recent research progress with respect to ferroptosis application as a sarcoma treatment in various contexts, and point out gaps in the theoretical research on ferroptosis, challenges to its clinical application, potential resolutions of these challenges to promote ferroptosis as an efficient, reliable and novel method of clinical sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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4
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen YH, Tan QQ, Liu XB, Tan C. Clusterin is upregulated by erastin, a ferroptosis inducer and exerts cytoprotective effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:227-236. [PMID: 38085677 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, which is distinguished from apoptosis and necrosis, and characterized by accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an iron-dependent manner. Erastin, a small molecule, was widely reported to trigger ferroptosis in various kinds of cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells by inducing ROS accumulation. However, how erastin treatment exerts cytotoxicity is not still fully understood. In this study, the effects of erastin in causing pancreatic cancer cell death via inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis are investigated. As expected, erastin treatment caused ROS accumulation, increase in iron concentration and non-apoptotic cell death, which is different from that of induced by apoptosis inducer, staurosporine. Interestingly, erastin treatment caused the upregulation of clusterin, which contributes to the regulation of malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer, including preventing apoptosis and inducing chemoresistance. Without erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin significantly promoted cell proliferation, which is consistent with its cytoprotective roles. After erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin decreased erastin-induced ROS accumulation and cell death. By measuring iron concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), it is revealed that clusterin caused resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis potentially via maintaining the enzymatic activity of GPX4, without disturbing GSH amount. Thus, ferroptosis inducer, erastin, may crosstalk with apoptotic cell death via regulating clusterin, indicating a more complex regulatory network between ferroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Pinto AF, Nunes JS, Severino Martins JE, Leal AC, Silva CCVC, da Silva AJFS, da Cruz Olímpio DS, da Silva ETN, Campos TA, Lima Leite AC. Thiazole, Isatin and Phthalimide Derivatives Tested in vivo against Cancer Models: A Literature Review of the Last Six Years. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2991-3032. [PMID: 37170994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230426154055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of cells and is the second leading cause of death in the world. The search for new effective and safe anticancer compounds is ongoing due to factors such as low selectivity, high toxicity, and multidrug resistance. Thus, heterocyclic compounds derived from isatin, thiazole and phthalimide that have achieved promising in vitro anticancer activity have been tested in vivo and in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE This review focused on the compilation of promising data from thiazole, isatin, and phthalimide derivatives, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2022, with in vivo anticancer activity and clinical trials. METHODS A bibliographic search was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, and CAPES PERIODIC databases, selecting relevant works for each pharmacophoric group with in vivo antitumor activity in the last 6 years. RESULTS In our study, 68 articles that fit the scope were selected and critically analyzed. These articles were organized considering the type of antitumor activity and their year of publication. Some compounds reported here demonstrated potent antitumor activity against several tumor types. CONCLUSION This review allowed us to highlight works that reported promising structures for the treatment of various cancer types and also demonstrated that the privileged structures thiazole, isatin and phthalimide are important in the design of new syntheses and molecular optimization of compounds with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Pinto
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Janine Siqueira Nunes
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Severino Martins
- Regulatory Affairs Advisory, Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (HEMOBRAS), CEP 51021-410, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Calazans Leal
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carla Cauanny Vieira Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson José Firmino Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daiane Santiago da Cruz Olímpio
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elineide Tayse Noberto da Silva
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiers Araújo Campos
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Planning in Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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6
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Weiss MC, Van Tine BA. Relapsed Synovial Sarcoma: Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:229-239. [PMID: 36867389 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a fusion-driven subtype of sarcoma that is a more chemo-sensitive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. While chemotherapy options are currently standard of care, our fundamental understanding of the biology of SS is driving new therapies. We will review the current standard of care, as well as the current therapies showing promise in a clinical trial. It is our hope that by encouraging participation in clinical trials, the fundamental therapies available for SS will change the current treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Weiss
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Brashears CB, Prudner BC, Rathore R, Caldwell KE, Dehner CA, Buchanan JL, Lange SE, Poulin N, Sehn JK, Roszik J, Spitzer D, Jones KB, O'Keefe R, Nielsen TO, Taylor EB, Held JM, Hawkins W, Van Tine BA. Malic Enzyme 1 Absence in Synovial Sarcoma Shifts Antioxidant System Dependence and Increases Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Induction with ACXT-3102. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3573-3589. [PMID: 35421237 PMCID: PMC9378556 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the metabolism of synovial sarcoma (SS) and elucidate the effect of malic enzyme 1 absence on SS redox homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ME1 expression was measured in SS clinical samples, SS cell lines, and tumors from an SS mouse model. The effect of ME1 absence on glucose metabolism was evaluated utilizing Seahorse assays, metabolomics, and C13 tracings. The impact of ME1 absence on SS redox homeostasis was evaluated by metabolomics, cell death assays with inhibitors of antioxidant systems, and measurements of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The susceptibility of ME1-null SS to ferroptosis induction was interrogated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ME1 absence in SS was confirmed in clinical samples, SS cell lines, and an SS tumor model. Investigation of SS glucose metabolism revealed that ME1-null cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and higher flux of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is necessary to produce NADPH. Evaluation of cellular redox homeostasis demonstrated that ME1 absence shifts dependence from the glutathione system to the thioredoxin system. Concomitantly, ME1 absence drives the accumulation of ROS and labile iron. ROS and iron accumulation enhances the susceptibility of ME1-null cells to ferroptosis induction with inhibitors of xCT (erastin and ACXT-3102). In vivo xenograft models of ME1-null SS demonstrate significantly increased tumor response to ACXT-3102 compared with ME1-expressing controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the translational potential of targeting redox homeostasis in ME1-null cancers and establish the preclinical rationale for a phase I trial of ACXT-3102 in SS patients. See related commentary by Subbiah and Gan, p. 3408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn B. Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bethany C. Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katharine E. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane L. Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara E.S. Lange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neal Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer K. Sehn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Regis O'Keefe
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M. Held
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Author: Brian A. Van Tine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-3096: E-mail:
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8
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Subbiah V, Gan B. Targeting Ferroptosis Vulnerability in Synovial Sarcoma: Is It All About ME1? Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3408-3410. [PMID: 35727698 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding metabolic dependencies and their therapeutic vulnerabilities is key to precision oncology. Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is frequently overexpressed in cancers with protumorigenic effects. In contrast, consistent loss of ME1 expression in synovial sarcoma compared with other sarcomas indicates a unique ferroptosis liability for precision therapy in this form of cancer. See related article by Brashears et al., p. 3573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Network, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Kinowaki Y, Taguchi T, Onishi I, Kirimura S, Kitagawa M, Yamamoto K. Overview of Ferroptosis and Synthetic Lethality Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9271. [PMID: 34502181 PMCID: PMC8430824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a term first proposed in 2012, is iron-dependent, non-apoptotic regulatory cell death induced by erastin. Ferroptosis was originally discovered during synthetic lethal screening for drugs sensitive to RAS mutant cells, and is closely related to synthetic lethality. Ferroptosis sensitizes cancer stem cells and tumors that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and are resistant to anticancer drugs or targeted therapy. Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing molecules are attractive new research targets. In contrast, synthetic lethal strategies approach mechanisms and genetic abnormalities that cannot be directly targeted by conventional therapeutic strategies, such as RAS mutations, hypoxia, and abnormalities in the metabolic environment. They also target the environment and conditions specific to malignant cells, have a low toxicity to normal cells, and can be used in combination with known drugs to produce new ones. However, the concept of synthetic lethality has not been widely adopted with ferroptosis. In this review, we surveyed the literature on ferroptosis-related factors and synthetic lethality to examine the potential therapeutic targets in ferroptosis-related molecules, focusing on factors related to synthetic lethality, discovery methods, clinical application stages, and issues in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kinowaki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Towako Taguchi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Iichiroh Onishi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (I.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (I.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.)
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10
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll JA, Akerman A, Kopecky C, Youkhana J, Kokkinos J, Holst J, Boyer C, Erkan M, Goldstein D, Timpson P, Cox TR, Pereira BA, Chitty JL, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ, Ignacio RMC, Naim S, Liu J, Russia N, Lee J, Chou A, Johns A, Gill AJ, Gonzales-Aloy E, Gebski V, Guan YF, Pajic M, Turner N, Apte MV, Davis TP, Morton JP, Haghighi KS, Kasparian J, McLean BJ, Setargew YF, Phillips PA. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Determine Response to SLC7A11 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3461-3479. [PMID: 33980655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major contributors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression through protumor signaling and the generation of fibrosis, the latter of which creates a physical barrier to drugs. CAF inhibition is thus an ideal component of any therapeutic approach for PDAC. SLC7A11 is a cystine transporter that has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC cells. However, no prior study has evaluated the role of SLC7A11 in PDAC tumor stroma and its prognostic significance. Here we show that high expression of SLC7A11 in human PDAC tumor stroma, but not tumor cells, is independently prognostic of poorer overall survival. Orthogonal approaches showed that PDAC-derived CAFs are highly dependent on SLC7A11 for cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis and that SLC7A11 inhibition significantly decreases CAF proliferation, reduces their resistance to oxidative stress, and inhibits their ability to remodel collagen and support PDAC cell growth. Importantly, specific ablation of SLC7A11 from the tumor compartment of transgenic mouse PDAC tumors did not affect tumor growth, suggesting the stroma can substantially influence PDAC tumor response to SLC7A11 inhibition. In a mouse orthotopic PDAC model utilizing human PDAC cells and CAFs, stable knockdown of SLC7A11 was required in both cell types to reduce tumor growth, metastatic spread, and intratumoral fibrosis, demonstrating the importance of targeting SLC7A11 in both compartments. Finally, treatment with a nanoparticle gene-silencing drug against SLC7A11, developed by our laboratory, reduced PDAC tumor growth, incidence of metastases, CAF activation, and fibrosis in orthotopic PDAC tumors. Overall, these findings identify an important role of SLC7A11 in PDAC-derived CAFs in supporting tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that SLC7A11 in PDAC stromal cells is important for the tumor-promoting activity of CAFs and validates a clinically translatable nanomedicine for therapeutic SLC7A11 inhibition in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anouschka Akerman
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Kopecky
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet Youkhana
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical Science and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mert Erkan
- Koc University Research Centre for Translational Medicine and Department of Surgery, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brooke A Pereira
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Naim
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nelson Russia
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Lee
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amber Johns
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Science and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University New South Wales and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Koroush S Haghighi
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jorjina Kasparian
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin J McLean
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Lacivita E, Abate C. σ 2 Receptor and Its Role in Cancer with Focus on a MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL) Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:3743. [PMID: 34205334 PMCID: PMC8235595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 (σ2) is an endoplasmic receptor identified as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein TMEM97. Despite its controversial identity, which was only recently solved, this protein has gained scientific interest because of its role in the proliferative status of cells; many tumor cells from different organs overexpress the σ2 receptor, and many σ2 ligands display cytotoxic actions in (resistant) cancer cells. These properties have shed light on the σ2 receptor as a potential druggable target to be bound/activated for the diagnosis or therapy of tumors. Additionally, diverse groups have shown how the σ2 receptor can be exploited for the targeted delivery of the anticancer drugs to tumors. As the cancer disease is a multifactorial pathology with multiple cell populations, a polypharmacological approach is very often needed. Instead of the simultaneous administration of different classes of drugs, the use of one molecule that interacts with diverse pharmacological targets, namely MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL), is a promising and currently pursued strategy, that may overcome the pharmacokinetic problems associated with the administration of multiple molecules. This review aims to point out the progress regarding the σ2 ligands in the oncology field, with a focus on MTDLs directed towards σ2 receptors as promising weapons against (resistant) cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (E.L.)
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12
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Sigma-2 Receptor-A Potential Target for Cancer/Alzheimer's Disease Treatment via Its Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225439. [PMID: 33233619 PMCID: PMC7699687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptors were classified into sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor based on their different pharmacological profiles. In the past two decades, our understanding of the biological and pharmacological properties of the sigma-1 receptor is increasing; however, little is known about the sigma-2 receptor. Recently, the molecular identity of the sigma-2 receptor has been identified as TMEM97. Although more and more evidence has showed that sigma-2 ligands have the ability to treat cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the mechanisms connecting these two diseases are unknown. Data obtained over the past few years from human and animal models indicate that cholesterol homeostasis is altered in AD and cancer, underscoring the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in AD and cancer. In this review, based on accumulated evidence, we proposed that the beneficial roles of sigma-2 ligands in cancer and AD might be mediated by their regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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13
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Lin X, Ping J, Wen Y, Wu Y. The Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Applications in Tumor Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1061. [PMID: 32774303 PMCID: PMC7388725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-dependent ferroptosis is a new form of cell death in recent years, which is driven by lipid peroxidation. The lethal lipid accumulation caused by glutathione depletion or inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is characteristic of the ferroptosis process. In recent years, with the in-depth study of ferroptosis, various types of diseases have been reported to be related to ferroptosis. In other words, ferroptosis, which has attracted widespread attention in the fields of biochemistry, oncology, and especially materials science, can undoubtedly provide a new way for patients. This review introduces the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between ferroptosis and various cancers, as well as the application of ferroptosis in tumor treatment. We also sorted out the genes and drugs that regulate ferroptosis. Moreover, small molecule compound-induced ferroptosis has a strong inhibitory effect on tumor growth in a drug-resistant environment, which can enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting that ferroptosis is very important in the treatment of tumor drug resistance, but the details are still unclear. How to use ferroptosis to fight cancer, and how to prevent drug-resistant tumor cells have become the focus and direction of research. At the end of the article, some existing problems related to ferroptosis are summarized for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jieyi Ping
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Wen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Xia X, Fan X, Zhao M, Zhu P. The Relationship between Ferroptosis and Tumors: A Novel Landscape for Therapeutic Approach. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:117-124. [PMID: 31264548 PMCID: PMC7046989 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190628152137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of iron-dependent oxidative cell death characterized by lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is distinct from other forms of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics. DISCUSSION Ferroptosis can be induced by system xc- inhibitors or glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) inhibitors, as well as drugs such as sorafenib, sulfasalazine (SAS), and artesunate (ART). Ferroptosis has been recently shown to be critical in regulating growth of tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Ferroptosis is also associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and the anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis and its relationship with different types of tumors, to advance our understanding of cell death and to find a novel approach for clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Xia
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease; National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
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15
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Florean C, Song S, Dicato M, Diederich M. Redox biology of regulated cell death in cancer: A focus on necroptosis and ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:177-189. [PMID: 30639617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Redox changes and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of normal cell metabolism. While low ROS levels are implicated in cellular signaling pathways necessary for survival, higher levels play major roles in cancer development as well as cell death signaling and execution. A role for redox changes in apoptosis has been long established; however, several new modalities of regulated cell death have been brought to light, for which the importance of ROS production as well as ROS source and targets are being actively investigated. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of ROS and redox changes in the activation and execution of two major forms of regulated cell death, necroptosis and ferroptosis. We also discuss the potential of using modulators of these two forms of cell death to exacerbate ROS as a promising anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sungmi Song
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Alamri MA, Ates-Alagoz Z, Adejare A. Bicycloheptylamine-Doxorubicin Conjugate: Synthesis and Anticancer Activities in σ2 Receptor-Expressing Cell Lines. Med Chem 2019; 16:192-201. [PMID: 30827254 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190301145203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel bicycloheptylamines were designed and synthesized. These compounds were found to be selective for sigma-2 receptors. These receptors have been found to be up to 10 fold over-expressed in certain cancer cell lines, leading to investigation of possible uses as a biomarker in diagnosis and/or treatment especially in cancers with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES The aim was to conjugate a novel sigma-2 receptor ligand to doxorubicin to examine anticancer activities, with and without conjugation, and therefore possibilities in drug delivery. METHODS Conjugation was conducted using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide HCl as a coupling agent. Affinity towards the sigma-2 receptor was tested using ligand-receptor binding studies. Anticancer activities against cancer cell lines were carried out using cell viability assays. Caspase dependency was tested using Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, to begin to investigate mechanisms of action. RESULTS The target compound retained affinity towards the sigma-2 receptor and exhibited potent anticancer activities on cancer cell lines expressing the sigma-2 receptor. The potencies exceeded those of doxorubicin, the lead sigma-2 receptor ligand, as well as non-covalent combination of both drugs. The activity was also found to be caspase-dependent. CONCLUSION The conjugation of target bicycloheptylamines with cytotoxic moieties may yield potent and selective molecules for detection and/or treatment of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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17
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TMEM97 and PGRMC1 do not mediate sigma-2 ligand-induced cell death. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:58. [PMID: 30701090 PMCID: PMC6349905 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 receptors have been implicated in both tumor proliferation and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently the sigma-2 receptor was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) was also recently reported to form a complex with TMEM97 and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and this trimeric complex is responsible for the rapid internalization of LDL. Sigma-2 receptor ligands with various structures have been shown to induce cell death in cancer cells. In the current study, we examined the role of TMEM97 and PGRMC1 in mediating sigma-2 ligand-induced cell death. Cell viability and caspase-3 assays were performed in control, TMEM97 knockout (KO), PGRMC1 KO, and TMEM97/PGRMC1 double KO cell lines treated with several sigma-2 ligands. The data showed that knockout of TMEM97, PGRMC1, or both did not affect the concentrations of sigma-2 ligands that induced 50% of cell death (EC50), suggesting that cytotoxic effects of these compounds are not mediated by TMEM97 or PGRMC1. Sigma-1 receptor ligands, (+)-pentazocine and NE-100, did not block sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity, suggesting that sigma-1 receptor was not responsible for sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity. We also examined whether the alternative, residual binding site (RBS) of 1,3-Di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) could be responsible for sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity. Our data showed that the binding affinities (Ki) of sigma-2 ligands on the DTG RBS did not correlate with the cytotoxicity potency (EC50) of these ligands, suggesting that the DTG RBS was not fully responsible for sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity. In addition, we showed that knocking out TMEM97, PGRMC1, or both reduced the initial internalization rate of a sigma-2 fluorescent ligand, SW120. However, concentrations of internalized SW120 became identical later in the control and knockout cells. These data suggest that the initial internalization process of sigma-2 ligands does not appear to mediate the cell-killing effect of sigma-2 ligands. In summary, we have provided evidence that sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 and PGRMC1 do not mediate sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity. Our work will facilitate elucidating mechanisms of sigma-2 ligand cytotoxicity.
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18
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Sigma-2 receptor: past, present and perspectives on multiple therapeutic exploitations. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1997-2018. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of sigma-2 receptor (sig-2R) has been controversial. Nevertheless, interest in sig-2R is high for its overexpression in tumors and potentials in oncology. Additionally, sig-2R antagonists inhibit Aβ binding at neurons, blocking the cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease. The most representative classes of sig-2R ligands are herein treated with focus on compounds that served to study sig-2R biology and to produce sig-2R: fluorescent ligands; multifunctional anticancer agents; and targeting nanoparticles. Although fluorescent ligands serve as ‘green’ pharmacological tools, sig-2R-multifunctional conjugates and sig-2R-targeted nanoparticles show how sig-2R targeting increases the activity of anticancer drugs in tumors with reduced toxicity. Altogether, this review draws a picture of the multiple approaches of sig-2R ligands in cancer therapy and as Alzheimer's disease modifying disease agents.
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19
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Sun YT, Wang GF, Yang YQ, Jin F, Wang Y, Xie XY, Mach RH, Huang YS. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as sigma-2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Pati ML, Niso M, Spitzer D, Berardi F, Contino M, Riganti C, Hawkins WG, Abate C. Multifunctional thiosemicarbazones and deconstructed analogues as a strategy to study the involvement of metal chelation, Sigma-2 (σ 2) receptor and P-gp protein in the cytotoxic action: In vitro and in vivo activity in pancreatic tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:359-371. [PMID: 29287249 PMCID: PMC5801006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer urgently requires more efficient treatment options. Because the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor was recently proposed as a promising target for pancreatic cancer therapy, we explored our previously developed multifunctional thiosemicarbazones, designed to synergistically impair cell energy levels, by targeting σ2 and P-gp proteins and chelating Iron. A deconstruction approach was herein applied by removing one function at a time from the potent multifunctional thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2, to investigate the contribution to cytotoxicity of each target involved. The results from in vitro (panel of pancreatic tumor cells) and in vivo experiments (C57BL/6 bearing KP02 tumor), suggest that while the multifunctional activity was not required for the antitumor activity of these thiosemicarbazones, σ2-targeting appeared to allow alternative tumor cell death mechanisms, leading to potent and less toxic off-targets toxicities compared to other thiosemicarbazones devoid of σ2-targeting.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chelating Agents/chemical synthesis
- Chelating Agents/chemistry
- Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, sigma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thiosemicarbazones/chemical synthesis
- Thiosemicarbazones/chemistry
- Thiosemicarbazones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Santena 5/bis, I-10153 Torino, Italy
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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Hashim YM, Vangveravong S, Sankpal NV, Binder PS, Liu J, Goedegebuure SP, Mach RH, Spitzer D, Hawkins WG. The Targeted SMAC Mimetic SW IV-134 is a strong enhancer of standard chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:14. [PMID: 28095907 PMCID: PMC5240213 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy that frequently acquires resistance to conventional chemotherapies often associated with overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). We have recently described a novel means to deliver second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics selectively to cancer cells employing the sigma-2 ligand/receptor interaction. The intrinsic death pathway agonist SMAC offers an excellent opportunity to counteract the anti-apoptotic activity of IAPs. SMAC mimetics have been used to sensitize several cancer types to chemotherapeutic agents but cancer-selective delivery and appropriate cellular localization have not yet been considered. In our current study, we tested the ability of the sigma-2/SMAC drug conjugate SW IV-134 to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Methods Using the targeted SMAC mimetic SW IV-134, inhibition of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP) was induced pharmacologically and its impact on cell viability was studied alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Pathway analyses were performed by assessing caspase activation, PARP cleavage and membrane blebbing (Annexin-V), key components of apoptotic cell death. Single-agent treatment regimens were compared with combination therapy in a preclinical mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Results The sensitizing effect of XIAP interference toward gemcitabine was confirmed via pharmacological intervention using our recently designed, targeted SMAC mimetic SW IV-134 across a wide range of commonly used pancreatic cancer cell lines at concentrations where the individual drugs showed only minimal activity. On a mechanistic level, we identified involvement of key components of the apoptosis machinery during cell death execution. Furthermore, combination therapy proved superior in decreasing the tumor burden and extending the lives of the animals in a preclinical mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion We believe that the strong sensitizing capacity of SW IV-134 in combination with clinically relevant doses of gemcitabine represents a promising treatment option that warrants clinical evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0470-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassar M Hashim
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Present Address: Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, 8215-NT, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Suwanna Vangveravong
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Narendra V Sankpal
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pratibha S Binder
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Section of Oncologic Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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22
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Collina S, Bignardi E, Rui M, Rossi D, Gaggeri R, Zamagni A, Cortesi M, Tesei A. Are sigma modulators an effective opportunity for cancer treatment? A patent overview (1996-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:565-578. [PMID: 28051882 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1276569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although several molecular targets against cancer have been identified, there is a continuous need for new therapeutic strategies. Sigma Receptors (SRs) overexpression has been recently associated with different cancer conditions. Therefore, novel anticancer agents targeting SRs may increase the specificity of therapies, overcoming some of the common drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy. Areas covered: The present review focuses on patent documents disclosing SR modulators with possible application in cancer therapy and diagnosis. The analysis reviews patents of the last two decades (1996-2016); patents were grouped according to target subtypes (S1R, S2R, pan-SRs) and relevant Applicants. The literature was searched through Espacenet, ISI Web, PatentScope and PubMed databases. Expert opinion: The number of patents related to SRs and cancer has increased in the last twenty years, confirming the importance of this receptor family as valuable target against neoplasias. Despite their short history in the cancer scenario, many SR modulators are at pre-clinical stage and one is undergoing a phase II clinical trial. SRs ligands may represent a powerful source of innovative antitumor therapeutics. Further investigation is needed for validating SR modulators as anti-cancer drugs. We strongly hope that this review could stimulate the interest of both Academia and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Collina
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuele Bignardi
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- a Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Raffaella Gaggeri
- b Pharmacy Unit , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- c Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- c Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- d MBiochem, Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
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