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Zhang LL, Zhang DJ, Shi JX, Huang MY, Yu JM, Chen XJ, Wei X, Zou L, Lu JJ. Immunogenic cell death inducers for cancer therapy: An emerging focus on natural products. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155828. [PMID: 38905847 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a specific form of regulated cell death induced by a variety of stressors. During ICD, the dying cancer cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote dendritic cell maturation and tumor antigen presentation, subsequently triggering a T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the potential of natural products to induce ICD and enhance tumor cell immunogenicity. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in identifying new ICD inducers from natural products. PURPOSE This study aimed to emphasize the potential of natural products and their derivatives as ICD inducers to promote research on using natural products in cancer therapy and provide ideas for future novel immunotherapies based on ICD induction. METHOD This review included a thorough search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify natural products with ICD-inducing capabilities. A comprehensive search for clinical trials on natural ICD inducers was also conducted using ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as the approved patents using the Espacenet and CNKI Patent Database. RESULTS Natural compounds that induce ICD can be categorized into several groups, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Natural products can induce the release of DAMPs by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of autophagy-related pathways, and reactive oxygen species generation, etc. Ultimately, they activate anti-tumor immune response and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. CONCLUSION A growing number of ICD inducers from natural products with promising anti-cancer potential have been identified. The detailed information presented in this review will contribute to the further development of natural ICD inducers and cancer treatment strategies based on ICD-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Du-Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mu-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jia-Mei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xu-Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Yan C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Li Q, Yang L, Li X, Luo K. Self-Delivery Nanobooster to Enhance Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33169-33181. [PMID: 38915234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Shikonin (SHK), a naphthoquinone compound from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, can stimulate antitumor immunity by inducing ICD. Nevertheless, the immunogenicity of tumor cells killed by SHK is weak. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important intracellular pathway of the ICD effect. Curcumin (CUR) can directly induce ER stress by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis, which might enhance SHK-induced ICD effect. A self-delivery ICD effect nanobooster (CS-PEG NPs) was developed by the self-assembly of SHK (ICD inducer) and CUR (ICD enhancer) with the assistance of DSPE-PEG2K for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. CS-PEG NPs possessed effective CT26 tumor cell cellular uptake and tumor accumulation ability. Moreover, enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells and apoptosis promotion were achieved due to the synergistic effect of CUR and SHK. Notably, CS-PEG NPs induced obvious Ca2+ homeostasis disruption, ER stress, and ICD effect. Subsequently, the neoantigens produced by the robust ICD effect in vivo promoted dendritic cell maturation, which further recruited and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Superior antitumor efficacy and systemic antitumor immunity were observed in the CT26-bearing BALB/c mouse model without side effects in major organs. This study offers a promising self-delivery nanobooster to induce strong ICD effect and antitumor immunity for cancer chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Han J, Dong H, Zhu T, Wei Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lv Y, Mu H, Huang S, Zeng K, Xu J, Ding J. Biochemical hallmarks-targeting antineoplastic nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:427-454. [PMID: 39044728 PMCID: PMC11263727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments (TMEs) have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastases, and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed. The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting, TMEs-responsiveness, and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors, thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits. This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments, such as tumor acidosis, hypoxia, and dysregulated metabolism. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Shandeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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Kesar U, Markelc B, Jesenko T, Ursic Valentinuzzi K, Cemazar M, Strojan P, Sersa G. Effects of Electrochemotherapy on Immunologically Important Modifications in Tumor Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050925. [PMID: 37243029 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a clinically acknowledged method that combines the use of anticancer drugs and electrical pulses. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin (BLM) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in certain settings. However, whether this is ubiquitous over different cancer types and for other clinically relevant chemotherapeutics used with electrochemotherapy is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro in the B16-F10, 4T1 and CT26 murine tumor cell lines, the electrochemotherapy triggered changes in the ICD-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): Calreticulin (CRT), ATP, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), and four immunologically important cellular markers: MHCI, MHC II, PD-L1 and CD40. The changes in these markers were investigated in time up to 48 h after ECT. We showed that electrochemotherapy with all three tested chemotherapeutics induced ICD-associated DAMPs, but the induced DAMP signature was cell line and chemotherapeutic concentration specific. Similarly, electrochemotherapy with CDDP, OXA or BLM modified the expression of MHC I, MHC II, PD-L1 and CD40. The potential of electrochemotherapy to change their expression was also cell line and chemotherapeutic concentration specific. Our results thus put the electrochemotherapy with clinically relevant chemotherapeutics CDDP, OXA and BLM on the map of ICD inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Kesar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Primoz Strojan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tran TH, Tran PTT, Truong DH. Lactoferrin and Nanotechnology: The Potential for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051362. [PMID: 37242604 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf)-a glycoprotein of the transferrin family-has been investigated as a promising molecule with diverse applications, including infection inhibition, anti-inflammation, antioxidant properties and immune modulation. Along with that, Lf was found to inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors. Owing to unique properties such as iron-binding and positive charge, Lf could interrupt the cancer cell membrane or influence the apoptosis pathway. In addition, being a common mammalian excretion, Lf offers is promising in terms of targeting delivery or the diagnosis of cancer. Recently, nanotechnology significantly enhanced the therapeutic index of natural glycoproteins such as Lf. Therefore, in the context of this review, the understanding of Lf is summarized and followed by different strategies of nano-preparation, including inorganic nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles and polymer-based nanoparticles in cancer management. At the end of the study, the potential future applications are discussed to pave the way for translating Lf into actual usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Thu Tran
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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Nasim N, Sandeep IS, Mohanty S. Plant-derived natural products for drug discovery: current approaches and prospects. THE NUCLEUS 2022; 65:399-411. [PMID: 36276225 PMCID: PMC9579558 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has abundant source of drugs that need to be identified/purified for use as essential biologics, either individually or in combination in the modern medical field. These drugs are divided into small bio-molecules, plant-made biologics, and a recently introduced third category known as phytopharmaceutical drugs. The development of phytopharmaceutical medicines is based on the ethnopharmacological approach, which relies on the traditional medicine system. The concept of ‘one-disease one-target drug’ is becoming less popular, and the use of plant extracts, fractions, and molecules is the new paradigm that holds promising scope to formulate appropriate drugs. This led to discovering a new concept known as polypharmacology, where natural products from varying sources can engage with multiple human physiology targets. This article summarizes different approaches for phytopharmaceutical drug development and discusses the progress in systems biology and computational tools for identifying drug targets. We review the existing drug delivery methods to facilitate the efficient delivery of drugs to the targets. In addition, we describe different analytical techniques for the authentication and fingerprinting of plant materials. Finally, we highlight the role of biopharming in developing plant-based biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noohi Nasim
- grid.412612.20000 0004 1760 9349Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003 India
| | - Inavolu Sriram Sandeep
- grid.412612.20000 0004 1760 9349Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003 India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- grid.506052.40000 0004 4911 8595Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women’s University, Vidya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751022 India
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7
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Yu L, Jin Y, Song M, Zhao Y, Zhang H. When Natural Compounds Meet Nanotechnology: Nature-Inspired Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081589. [PMID: 36015215 PMCID: PMC9412684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent significant strides of natural compounds in immunomodulation have highlighted their great potential against cancer. Despite many attempts being made for cancer immunotherapy, the biomedical application of natural compounds encounters a bottleneck because of their unclear mechanisms, low solubility and bioavailability, and limited efficacy. Herein, we summarize the immune regulatory mechanisms of different natural compounds at each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and highlight their anti-tumor potential and current limitations. We then propose and present various drug delivery strategies based on nanotechnology, including traditional nanoparticles (NPs)-based delivery strategies (lipid-based NPs, micelles, and polysaccharide/peptide/protein-based NPs) and novel delivery strategies (cell-derived NPs and carrier-free NPs), thus providing solutions to break through existing bottlenecks. Furthermore, representative applications of nature-inspired nanomedicines are also emphasized in detail with the advantages and disadvantages discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of natural compounds for cancer immunotherapy are provided, hopefully, to facilitate their far-reaching development toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Yu
- People’s Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi 562400, China;
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- People’s Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi 562400, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
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Wei WC, Shyur LF, Yang NS. Cellular and Molecular Signaling as Targets for Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics. Cells 2022; 11:1590. [PMID: 35563896 PMCID: PMC9104968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of evidence has recently shown that various inflammatory activities at the local tissue, organ, or even the whole body (systemic) level are strongly linked to many life-threatening chronic diseases, most notably various cancers. However, only very limited information is available for making good use of our supporting immune-modulatory therapeutics for the treatment of cancers. This may result from a lack of studies on specific remedies for efficacious control or modulatory suppression of inflammation-related cancerous diseases. Our group and laboratories were fortunate to have initiated and consistently pursued an integrated team-work program project, aimed at investigating selected medicinal herbs and the derived, purified phytochemical compounds. We focused on the study of key and specific immune-signaling mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. We were fortunate to obtain a series of fruitful research results. We believe that our key findings reported herein may be helpful for proposing future thematic and integrated research projects that aim to develop future phytochemical drugs against cancers. The mechanisms of the cellular and molecular systems involved in inflammation are becoming increasingly recognized as keystones for the development of future therapeutic approaches for many chronic and cancerous diseases. Recently, the immune checkpoint inhibitors such as antibodies against PD-1 and/or PD-L1 have been shown to be too expensive for general clinical use, and their effects far from optimal, often showing little or no effect or only short-term efficacy. These results point to the need for developing future immune-regulatory or modulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wei
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
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9
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Phenolic-protein interactions in foods and post ingestion: Switches empowering health outcomes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Integration of Molecular Docking and In Vitro Studies: A Powerful Approach for Drug Discovery in Breast Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular docking in the pharmaceutical industry is a powerful in silico approach for discovering novel therapies for unmet medical needs predicting drug–target interactions. It not only provides binding affinity between drugs and targets at the atomic level, but also elucidates the fundamental pharmacological properties of specific drugs. The purpose of this review was to illustrate newer and emergent uses of docking when combined with in vitro techniques for drug discovery in metastatic breast cancer. We grouped the selected articles into five main categories; namely, systematic repositioning of drugs, natural drugs, new synthesized molecules, combinations of drugs, and drug latentiation. We focused on new promising drugs that have a good affinity with their targets, thus inducing a favorable biological response. This review suggests that the integration of molecular docking and in vitro studies can accelerate cancer drug discovery showing a good consistency of the results between the two approaches.
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Gomez-Cadena A, Barreto A, Fioretino S, Jandus C. Immune system activation by natural products and complex fractions: a network pharmacology approach in cancer treatment. Cell Stress 2020; 4:154-166. [PMID: 32656498 PMCID: PMC7328673 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.07.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and traditional herbal medicine are an important source of alternative bioactive compounds but very few plant-based preparations have been scientifically evaluated and validated for their potential as medical treatments. However, a promising field in the current therapies based on plant-derived compounds is the study of their immunomodulation properties and their capacity to activate the immune system to fight against multifactorial diseases like cancer. In this review we discuss how network pharmacology could help to characterize and validate natural single molecules or more complex preparations as promising cancer therapies based on their multitarget capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Targeting of Cytokine Secreting Lymphocyte group, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fioretino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Targeting of Cytokine Secreting Lymphocyte group, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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13
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Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:248-267. [PMID: 31132429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals gained considerable interest during the past years as source to develop new treatment options for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Motivated by the fact that a majority of established anticancer drugs are derived in one way or another from natural resources, we focused on shikonin, a naphthoquinone with high potentials to be further developed as preventive or therapeutic drug to fight cancer. Shikonin is the major chemical component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell) roots. Traditionally, the root extract has been applied to cure dermatitis, burns, and wounds. Over the past three decades, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of root extracts, isolated shikonin as well as semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives and nanoformulations have been described. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to understand the effect of shikonin at cellular and molecular levels. Preliminary clinical trials indicate the potential of shikonin for translation into clinical oncology. Shikonin exerts additive and synergistic interactions in combination with established chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutic approaches, radiotherapy and other treatment modalities, which further underscores the potential of this phytochemical to be integrated into standard treatment regimens.
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14
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Wang H, Tang Y, Fang Y, Zhang M, Wang H, He Z, Wang B, Xu Q, Huang Y. Reprogramming Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) and Metabolism via Biomimetic Targeting Codelivery of Shikonin/JQ1. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2935-2944. [PMID: 30950276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important strategy to lift the immunosuppression and achieve immune normalization. In this work, a mannosylated lactoferrin nanoparticulate system (Man-LF NPs) is developed for dual-targeting biomimetic codelivery of shikonin and JQ1 via the mannose receptor and LRP-1 that are overexpressed in both cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages. The Man-LF NPs can serve as multitarget therapy for inducing immune cell death in the cancer cells, repressing glucose metabolism and repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages, and consequently, lead to remodeling the TIME (e.g., promotion of dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T cell infiltration, as well as suppression of Treg). Moreover, JQ1 is a suppressor of PD-L1, and the Man-LF NPs can also work on PD-L1 checkpoint blockage. The results reveal the synergistic combination of shikonin and JQ1 and the treatment potency of the Man-LF NPs. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the interaction between the tumor metabolism and immunity plays an essential role in immunotherapy, and the developed drug combination and nanoformulation can target the multiple components in the complicated network of TIME, providing a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Wang
- Institute of Tropical Medical , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , 12 Jichang Road , Guangzhou 510450 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yisi Tang
- Institute of Tropical Medical , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , 12 Jichang Road , Guangzhou 510450 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yuefei Fang
- Institute of Tropical Medical , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , 12 Jichang Road , Guangzhou 510450 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhidi He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qin Xu
- Institute of Tropical Medical , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , 12 Jichang Road , Guangzhou 510450 , China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
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15
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Diederich M. Natural compound inducers of immunogenic cell death. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:629-645. [PMID: 30955159 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that the anti-cancer potential of the immune response that can be activated by modulation of the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. This regulated cell death process is called immunogenic cell death (ICD) and constitutes a new innovating anti-cancer strategy with immune-modulatory potential thanks to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some conventional clinically-used chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as preclinically-investigated compounds of natural origins such as anthracyclines, microtubule-destabilizing agents, cardiac glycosides or hypericin derivatives, possess such an immune-stimulatory function by triggering ICD. Here, we discuss the effects of ICD inducers on the release of DAMPs and the activation of corresponding signaling pathways triggering immune recognition. We will discuss potential strategies allowing to overcome resistance mechanisms associated with this treatment approach as well as co-treatment strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment. We will highlight the potential role of metronomic immune modulation as well as targeted delivery of ICD-inducing compounds with nanoparticles or liposomal formulations to improving the immunogenicity of ICD inducers aiming at long-term clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Building 29 Room 223, 1 Gwanak-ro, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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16
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Li YL, Hu X, Li QY, Wang F, Zhang B, Ding K, Tan BQ, Lin NM, Zhang C. Shikonin sensitizes wild‑type EGFR NSCLC cells to erlotinib and gefitinib therapy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3882-3890. [PMID: 30106133 PMCID: PMC6131653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are resistant to treatment with erlotinib or gefitinib, potential chemosensitizers are required to potentiate wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells to erlotinib/gefitinib treatment. The present study reported that shikonin could sensitize the anticancer activity of erlotinib/gefitinib in wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells. Furthermore, shikonin could potentiate mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induced by erlotinib/gefitinib in wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells. In addition, the present study demonstrated that shikonin could induce apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and that erlotinib/gefitinib may also induce ER stress in wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells; however, shikonin plus erlotinib/gefitinib was more effective in activating ER stress than either agent alone. This indicated that ROS-mediated ER stress may be associated with enhanced mitochondrial apoptosis induced by shikonin plus erlotinib/gefitinib. In addition, shikonin may promote the transition of cytoprotective ER stress-inducing EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor tolerance to apoptosis-promoting ER stress. Furthermore, shikonin may enhance the anti-NSCLC activity of erlotinib/gefitinib in vivo. The data of the present study indicated that shikonin may be a potential sensitizer to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of erlotinib/gefitinib in wild-type EGFR NSCLC cells resistant to erlotinib/gefitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hangzhou Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Qin Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Neng-Ming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality that acts by selectively harnessing the host immune defenses against cancer. An effective immune response is often needed to eliminate tumors following treatment which can trigger the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells. Some treatment modalities (such as photodynamic therapy, high hydrostatic pressure or radiotherapy) and agents (some chemotherapeutic agents, oncolytic viruses) have been used to endow tumor cells with immunogenicity and/or increase their immunogenicity. These treatments and agents can boost the antitumor capacity by inducing immune responses against tumor neoantigens. Immunogenic cell death is a manner of cell death that can induce the emission of immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to trigger the immune system. This review focuses on the latest developments in the treatment modalities and agents that can induce and/or enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cells.
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Zhang Y, Sun B, Huang Z, Zhao DW, Zeng Q. Shikonin Inhibites Migration and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Downregulating DNMT1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:661-670. [PMID: 29389913 PMCID: PMC5804303 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shikonin is a component of Chinese herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on cell migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells of the TPC-1 cell line in vitro and expression levels of the phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) genes. Material/Methods The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of TPC-1 papillary thyroid cancer cells, and the normal thyroid cells, HTori-3, in vitro. A transwell motility assay was used to analyze the migration of TPC-1 cells. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of PTEN and DNMT1 genes. A methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP) assay was used to evaluate the methylation of PTEN. Results Following treatment with shikonin, the cell survival rate of TPC-1 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner; the inhibitory effects on HTori-3 cells were less marked. Shikonin inhibited TPC-1 cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. The methylation of PTEN was suppressed by shikonin, which also reduced the expression of DNMT1 in a dose-dependent manner, and increased the expression of PTEN. Overexpression of DNMT1 promoted the migration of TPC-1 cells and the methylation of PTEN. Levels of protein expression of PTEN in TPC-1 cells treated with shikonin decreased, and were increased by DNMT1 knockdown. Conclusions Shikonin suppressed the expression of DNMT1, reduced PTEN gene methylation, and increased PTEN protein expression, leading to the inhibition of TPC-1 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dai-Wei Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Qingfan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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19
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Tang S, Chen A, Zhou X, Zeng L, Liu M, Wang X. Assessment of the inhibition risk of shikonin on cytochrome P450 via cocktail inhibition assay. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Yin SY, Yang NS, Lin TJ. Phytochemicals Approach for Developing Cancer Immunotherapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:386. [PMID: 28674499 PMCID: PMC5474465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals or their derived compounds are being increasingly recognized as potentially potent complementary treatments for cancer. Among them, some phytochemicals are being actively evaluated for use as adjuvants in anticancer therapies. For instance, shikonin and hypericin were found to induce immunogenic cell death of specific cancer cells, and this effect was able to further activate the recognition activity of tumor cells by the host immune system. On the other hand, some derivatives of phytochemicals, such as dihydrobenzofuran lignan (Q2-3) have been found to induce the secretion of an endogenous anticancer factor, namely IL-25, from non-malignant cells. These findings suggest that phytochemicals or their derivatives confer a spectrum of different pharmacological activities, which contrasts with the current cytotoxic anticancer drugs commonly used in clinics. In this review, we have collected together pertinent information from recent studies about the biochemical and cellular mechanisms through which specific phytochemicals regulate target immune systems in defined tumor microenvironments. We have further highlighted the potential application of these immunotherapeutic modifiers in cell-based cancer vaccine systems. This knowledge provides useful technological support and know how for future applications of phytochemicals in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Yin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jen Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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