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Manjunath M, Ravindran F, Sharma S, Siddiqua H, Raghavan SC, Choudhary B. Disarib, a Specific BCL2 Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Impedes Tumour Progression in Xenografts by Altering Mitochondria-Associated Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6485. [PMID: 38928195 PMCID: PMC11203414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy aims to disrupt the functions of proteins that regulate cancer progression, mainly by using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs). SMIs exert their effect by modulating signalling pathways, organelle integrity, chromatin components, and several biosynthetic processes essential for cell division and survival. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2 is highly upregulated in many cancers compared with normal cells, making it an ideal target for cancer therapy. Around 75% of primary breast cancers overexpress BCL2, providing an opportunity to explore BCL2 inhibitors as a therapeutic option. Disarib is an SMI that has been developed as a selective BCL2 inhibitor. Disarib works by disrupting BCL2-BAK interaction and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in leukemic cells while sparing normal cells. We investigated the effects of Disarib, a BCL2 specific inhibitor, on breast cancer cells and xenografts. Cytotoxicity and fluorometric assays revealed that Disarib induced cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). Disarib also affected the colony-forming properties of these cells. MDA-MB-231- and MDA-MB-468-derived xenografts showed a significant reduction in tumours upon Disarib treatment. Through the transcriptomics approach, we also explored the influence of BCL2 inhibitors on energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mitochondrial dynamics and glucose metabolism mainly regulate energy metabolism. The change in energetics regulates tumour growth through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that BCL2 inhibitors ABT-199 and Disarib maintain Oxphos levels in MDA-MB-231. However, key glycolytic genes were significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial fission genes were seen to be downregulated both in RNAseq data and semi quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) in Disarib-treated TNBC cells and xenografts. Lastly, Disarib inhibited wound healing and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This study showed that Disarib disrupts mitochondrial function, activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in breast cancer, and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight Disarib's potential as a multifaceted therapeutic strategy for patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Manjunath
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Febina Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (H.S.); (S.C.R.)
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (H.S.); (S.C.R.)
| | | | - Bibha Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
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2
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Wang Q, Wei X. Research Progress on the Use of Metformin in Leukemia Treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:220-236. [PMID: 38286894 PMCID: PMC10873432 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Metformin is a first-line drug in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its main molecular mechanism involves the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cell energy metabolism. Many clinical studies have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer in patients with or without diabetes. In vitro studies also confirmed that metformin can inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the response of cells to chemical drugs and other anticancer effects on a variety of leukemia cells. In recent years, leukemia has become one of the most common malignant diseases. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic approaches for leukemia, novel drugs and better treatments are still needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments. This article reviews the application status and possible mechanism of metformin in the treatment of leukemia to further understand the anticancer mechanism of metformin and expand its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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3
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Guo X, Can C, Liu W, Wei Y, Yang X, Liu J, Jia H, Jia W, Wu H, Ma D. Mitochondrial transfer in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 37798791 PMCID: PMC10557299 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy-generated organelles and take an important part in biological metabolism. Mitochondria could be transferred between cells, which serves as a new intercellular communication. Mitochondrial transfer improves mitochondrial defects, restores the biological functions of recipient cells, and maintains the high metabolic requirements of tumor cells as well as drug resistance. In recent years, it has been reported mitochondrial transfer between cells of bone marrow microenvironment and hematological malignant cells play a critical role in the disease progression and resistance during chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the patterns and mechanisms on mitochondrial transfer and their engagement in different pathophysiological contexts and outline the latest knowledge on intercellular transport of mitochondria in hematological malignancies. Besides, we briefly outline the drug resistance mechanisms caused by mitochondrial transfer in cells during chemotherapy. Our review demonstrates a theoretical basis for mitochondrial transfer as a prospective therapeutic target to increase the treatment efficiency in hematological malignancies and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Can Can
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hexiao Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hanyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China.
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4
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Sharma P, Borthakur G. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to overcome resistance to therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:567-589. [PMID: 37842232 PMCID: PMC10571063 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hematopoietic cells gain metabolic plasticity, reorganize anabolic mechanisms to improve anabolic output and prevent oxidative damage, and bypass cell cycle checkpoints, eventually outcompeting normal hematopoietic cells. Current therapeutic strategies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on prognostic stratification that includes mutation profile as the closest surrogate to disease biology. Clinical efficacy of targeted therapies, e.g., agents targeting mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2, are mostly limited to the presence of relevant mutations. Recent studies have not only demonstrated that specific mutations in AML create metabolic vulnerabilities but also highlighted the efficacy of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in combination with inhibitors of these mutations. Therefore, delineating the functional relationships between genetic stratification, metabolic dependencies, and response to specific inhibitors of these vulnerabilities is crucial for identifying more effective therapeutic regimens, understanding resistance mechanisms, and identifying early response markers, ultimately improving the likelihood of cure. In addition, metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment have also been reported as therapeutic targets. The metabolic profiles of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) differ, and relapsed/refractory LSCs switch to alternative metabolic pathways, fueling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), rendering them therapeutically resistant. In this review, we discuss the role of cancer metabolic pathways that contribute to the metabolic plasticity of AML and confer resistance to standard therapy; we also highlight the latest promising developments in the field in translating these important findings to the clinic and discuss the tumor microenvironment that supports metabolic plasticity and interplay with AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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6
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Van de Gucht M, Dufait I, Kerkhove L, Corbet C, de Mey S, Jiang H, Law KL, Gevaert T, Feron O, De Ridder M. Inhibition of Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Radiosensitizes Human Colorectal Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205060. [PMID: 36291844 PMCID: PMC9599856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Treatment options for these patients consist of surgery combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, a subset of tumors will not respond to therapy or acquire resistance during the course of the treatment, leading to patient relapse. The interplay between reprogramming cancer metabolism and radiotherapy has become an appealing strategy to improve a patient’s outcome. Due to the overexpression of certain enzymes in a variety of cancer types, including colorectal cancer, the serine synthesis pathway has recently become an attractive metabolic target. We demonstrated that by inhibiting the first enzyme of this pathway, namely phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), tumor cells that are deprived of oxygen (as is generally the case in solid tumors) respond better to radiation, leading to increased tumor cell killing in an experimental model of human colorectal cancer. Abstract Augmented de novo serine synthesis activity is increasingly apparent in distinct types of cancers and has mainly sparked interest by investigation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). Overexpression of PHGDH has been associated with higher tumor grade, shorter relapse time and decreased overall survival. It is well known that therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients can be improved by reprogramming metabolic pathways in combination with standard treatment options, for example, radiotherapy. In this study, possible metabolic changes related to radioresponse were explored upon PHGDH inhibition. Additionally, we evaluated whether PHGDH inhibition could improve radioresponse in human colorectal cancer cell lines in both aerobic and radiobiological relevant hypoxic conditions. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and dysfunction in mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxygen consumption rate were indicative of potential radiomodulatory effects. We demonstrated that PHGDH inhibition radiosensitized hypoxic human colorectal cancer cells while leaving intrinsic radiosensitivity unaffected. In a xenograft model, the first hints of additive effects between PHGDH inhibition and radiotherapy were demonstrated. In conclusion, this study is the first to show that modulation of de novo serine biosynthesis enhances radioresponse in hypoxic colorectal cancer cells, mainly mediated by increased levels of intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Van de Gucht
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kerkhove
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ka Lun Law
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-4776144
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7
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Metformin sensitizes AML cells to chemotherapy through blocking mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to AML cells. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215582. [PMID: 35122876 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between stromal cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in bone marrow (BM) is known to contribute importantly to chemoresistance and disease recurrence. Therefore, disruption of a crosstalk between AML cells and BM microenvironment may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for AML treatment. Here, we demonstrate that in a niche-like co-culture system, AML cells took up functional mitochondria from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and inhibition of such mitochondrial transfer by metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of AML cells co-cultured with BMSCs. The chemo-sensitizing effect of metformin was acted through reducing the mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the recipient AML cells. In addition, metformin potentiated the antitumor efficacy of cytarabine (Ara-C) in vivo in an NCG immunodeficient mouse xenograft model by inhibiting the mitochondrial transfer and OXPHOS activity in the engrafted human AML cells. Altogether, this study identifies a potential application of metformin in sensitizing AML cells to chemotherapy and unveils a novel mechanism by which metformin executes such effect via blocking the mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to AML cells.
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8
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Jayasankar V, Vrdoljak N, Roma A, Ahmed N, Tcheng M, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. Novel Mango Ginger Bioactive (2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism in Combination with Avocatin B. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1682-1693. [PMID: 35071863 PMCID: PMC8771686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with limited effective chemotherapy options and negative patient outcomes. Food-derived molecules such as avocatin B (Avo B), a fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor, are promising novel therapeutics. The roots of the Curcuma amada plants have been historically used in traditional medicine, but isolated bioactive compounds have seldom been studied. Here, we report that 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone (M1), a bioactive from C. Amada, possesses novel anticancer activity. This in vitro study investigated the antileukemia properties of M1 and its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. In combination with Avo B, M1 synergistically reduced AML cell line viability and patient-derived clonogenic growth with no effect on normal peripheral blood stem cells. Mechanistically, M1 alone inhibited mitochondria complex I, while the M1/Avo B combination inhibited FAO by 60%, a process essential to the synergy. These results identified a novel food-derived bioactive and its potential as a novel chemotherapeutic for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jayasankar
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nikolina Vrdoljak
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Alessia Roma
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nawaz Ahmed
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew Tcheng
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- University
Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul A. Spagnuolo
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
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9
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Phenformin increases early hematopoietic progenitors in the Jak2 V617F murine model. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:576-585. [PMID: 35015172 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are disorders characterized by an alteration at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) level, where the JAK2 mutation is the most common genetic alteration found in classic MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis). We and others previously demonstrated that metformin reduced splenomegaly and platelets counts in peripheral blood in JAK2V617F pre-clinical MPN models, which highlighted the antineoplastic potential of biguanides for MPN treatment. Phenformin is a biguanide that has been used to treat diabetes, but was withdrawn due to its potential to cause lactic acidosis in patients. AIMS We herein aimed to investigate the effects of phenformin in MPN disease burden and stem cell function in Jak2V617F-knockin MPN mice. RESULTS In vitro phenformin treatment reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in SET2 JAK2V67F cells. Long-term treatment with 40 mg/kg phenformin in Jak2V617F knockin mice increased the frequency of LSK, myeloid progenitors (MP), and multipotent progenitors (MPP) in the bone marrow. Phenformin treatment did not affect peripheral blood counts, spleen weight, megakaryocyte count, erythroid precursors frequency, or ex vivo clonogenic capacity. Ex vivo treatment of bone marrow cells from Jak2V617F knockin mice with phenformin did not affect hematologic parameters or engraftment in recipient mice. CONCLUSIONS Phenformin increased the percentages of LSK, MP, and MPP populations, but did not reduce disease burden in Jak2V617F-knockin mice. Additional studies are necessary to further understand the effects of phenformin on early hematopoietic progenitors.
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10
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Zhou FJ, Zeng CX, Kuang W, Cheng C, Liu HC, Yan XY, Chen XP, Zhou G, Cao S. Metformin exerts a synergistic effect with venetoclax by downregulating Mcl-1 protein in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer 2021; 12:6727-6739. [PMID: 34659562 PMCID: PMC8518002 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, one of the specific BH3-mimetics, Venetoclax has been approved by FDA providing new options for newly diagnosed AML patient especially who are unfitted to receive conventional chemotherapy. Though the clinical success of venetoclax has been achieved in clinical outcomes such as complete remission (CR) and overall survival. Acquired resistance to ABT-199 which is induced by the regulation of apoptosis pathway is still an important clinical problem. To this end, the attempt to combine drugs which can reverse the compensatory regulation is urgent. Methods: In three AML cell lines (KG-1, Kasumi-1 and THP-1), the anti-AML effects of the combination of ABT-199 (Venetoclax) and metformin or the two drugs used alone were compared. CCK8 was used to evaluate the cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to estimate the rate of apoptosis, Western blot method was performed to detect apoptosis-related protein levels. In mice experiments, female BALB/c-nu nude mice were subcutaneously injected with THP-1 cells for subcutaneous tumor formation, and the combined effect of ABT-199 and metformin was tested. The evaluation indicators were tumor size, tumor weight, and Ki67 staining. Mouse body weight and HE staining were detected to evaluate liver damage and adverse drug reactions. Results: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that compared with metformin or ABT-199 alone, the combined use of the two drugs exerts a synergistic effect on promoting apoptosis, thereby producing a strong anti-leukemia effect. Furthermore, after a short incubation time, ABT-199 swiftly increased the expression level of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, while the combined use of metformin and ABT-199 significantly reduced the level of Mcl-1. Notably, Metformin significantly downregulates the level of Mcl-1 protein by inhibiting its protein production. To less extent, metformin can also downregulate the expression of another anti-apoptotic protein, BCL-xl. Conclusion: Metformin downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xl by inhibiting protein production, and shows a synergistic anti-tumor effect with ABT-199 in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chen-Xing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Cai Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xue-Ying Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China.,Phase I Clinical Trial Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
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11
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Saber MM, Al-Mahallawi AM, Stork B. Metformin dampens cisplatin cytotoxicity on leukemia cells after incorporation into cubosomal nanoformulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112140. [PMID: 34649331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common type of leukemia in children. It is caused by abnormal cell division of the lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. In the past decade, metformin has gained increased attention for its anti-leukemic potential. Moreover, other chemotherapeutic agents were investigated for the possible superior efficacy over the existing treatments in treating ALL. Several studies examined the effect of cisplatin as a potential candidate for therapy. Here, we investigate the anti-leukemic effect of metformin and cisplatin on 697 cells. Both compounds revealed significant cytotoxic effects. Specifically designed lipid-based cubosomal nanoformulations were used as drug carriers to facilitate compound entry in low doses. Our results indicate that the use of the carrier did not affect cytotoxicity significantly. In addition, combining the drugs in different carriers demonstrated an antagonistic effect through damping the efficacy of both drugs. This was evident from experiments investigating cellular viability, annexin V/PI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activity. Taken together, it appears that metformin does not represent a suitable option for sensitizing leukemia cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Saber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Abdulaziz M Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Björn Stork
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria have a major impact on virtually all processes linked to oncogenesis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism inhibition has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. In this review, we discuss the anticancer potential of mitochondrial inhibitors, with particular focus on metformin, in the context of more effective, targeted therapeutic modalities, and diagnostic strategies for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Metformin has gained interest as an antitumor agent. However, promising results have not been translated into remarkable advances in the clinical practice. Recent findings emphasize the need of providing a metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors may elicit its anticancerous effects. In addition, mitochondria are critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses. Thus, the immunomodulatory effect of mitochondrial inhibitors should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic network represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, there is a need to define the metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors are more effective, as well as how the cross-talk between many immunological functions and mitochondrial functionality may be exploited for a therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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13
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Donoso-Bustamante V, Borrego EA, Schiaffino-Bustamante Y, Gutiérrez DA, Millas-Vargas JP, Fuentes-Retamal S, Correa P, Carrillo I, Aguilera RJ, Miranda D, Chávez-Báez I, Pulgar R, Urra FA, Varela-Ramírez A, Araya-Maturana R. An acylhydroquinone derivative produces OXPHOS uncoupling and sensitization to BH3 mimetic ABT-199 (Venetoclax) in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103935. [PMID: 32454391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since cancer cells have different mitochondrial bioenergetic requirements than non-cancerous cells, therapeutic inhibition of its mitochondrial functionality continues to be an important target for anticancer drug discovery. In this study, a series of acylhydroquinones with different acyl-chain length, and their chlorinated derivatives, in the aromatic ring, synthesized by Fries rearrangement under microwave irradiation, were evaluated for their anticancer activity in two leukemia cell lines. Findings from the primary and secondary screening of the 18 acylhydroquinones, tested at 5 µM on acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia CEM cells lines, identified an acylchlorohydroquinone (12) with a highly selective anti-proliferative effect toward HL-60 cells. This compound induced S-phase arrest in the cell cycle progression of HL-60 cells with insignificant toxicity on leukemic CEM cells and non-cancerous Hs27 cells. In HL-60 leukemic cells, 12 triggered increased mitochondrial NADH oxidation, increased respiration in presence of oligomycin (state 4o), mitochondrial depolarization, and ROS production, suggesting an uncoupling of OXPHOS. This provoked a metabolic adaptation dependent on AMPK/ACC/autophagy axis, having the mitochondrial β-oxidation a pro-survival role since the combination of 12 and etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (CPT) inhibitor promoted extensive HL-60 cell death. Finally, 12-induced metabolic stress sensitized to HL-60 cells to cell death by the FDA-approved anti-leukemic drug ABT-199, a BH3 mimetic. Therefore, our results suggest that acylchlorohydroquinone is a promising scaffold in anti-promyelocytic leukemia drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Donoso-Bustamante
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Edgar A Borrego
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, USA
| | | | - Denisse A Gutiérrez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Millas-Vargas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Correa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ileana Carrillo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, USA
| | - Dante Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Chávez-Báez
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Genómica y Genética de Interacciones Biológicas, INTA-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Genómica y Genética de Interacciones Biológicas, INTA-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, USA.
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Weber DD, Vidali S, Catalano L, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. From old to new - Repurposing drugs to target mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:211-223. [PMID: 31145995 PMCID: PMC7613924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although we have entered the era of personalized medicine and tailored therapies, drugs that target a large variety of cancers regardless of individual patient differences would be a major advance nonetheless. This review article summarizes current concepts and therapeutic opportunities in the area of targeting aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Old drugs previously used for diseases other than cancer, such as antibiotics and antidiabetics, have the potential to inhibit the growth of various tumor entities. Many drugs are reported to influence mitochondrial metabolism. However, here we consider only those drugs which predominantly inhibit oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Corresponding author at: Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner-Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. (B. Kofler)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Kim DY, Lee S, Kim DY, Lee JY. Effective Murine Model Induction for Niche Study in Immune Cells Against Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:415-420. [PMID: 31893439 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Murine models have become powerful tools in leukemia research for investigating interactions between blast cells niche factors. In the tumor microenvironment, immune cells are one of the most important niche factors, capable of mounting dynamic innate or adoptive responses against leukemic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a systemic cancer accompanied by immune disruption. In order to exploit the enhanced activity of immune cells in AML treatment, the use of syngeneic mouse models is necessary. Studies of crosstalk between cancer blast cells and immune cells in syngeneic mouse models are beneficial, as the absence of immune functions in syngeneic models enables focus on cancer-associated immune reactions. Once AML is induced, innate and adoptive immune cells respond differently, ultimately resulting in suppression of the immune cells. Murine AML models are commonly induced by intravenous or subcutaneous injection of C1498 cells. Despite the popularity of murine models, they have not yet resulted in the elucidation of distinct differences in immune cells by the injection method. Here, we investigated the frequency of immune cells and survival rate of mice with AML induced using both injection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Engineering, Seowon University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Gangwon, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yu Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Gangwon, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Gangwon, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Liu T, Peng XC, Li B. The Metabolic Profiles in Hematological Malignancies. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 35:625-634. [PMID: 31741613 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the most aggressive hematological malignancies. Leukemia stem cells account for the poor prognosis and relapse of the disease. Decades of investigations have been performed to figure out how to eradicate the leukemia stem cells. It has also been known that cancer cells especially solid cancer cells use energy differently than most of the cell types. The same thing happens to leukemia. Since there are metabolic differences between the hematopoietic stem cells and their immediate descendants, we aim at manipulating the energy sources with which that could have an effect on leukemia stem cells while sparing the normal blood cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic characteristics of distinct leukemias such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other leukemia associated hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. A better understanding of the metabolic profiles in distinct leukemias might provide novel perspectives and shed light on novel metabolic targeting strategies towards the clinical treatment of leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518131 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518131 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- 2Department of Pathology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Center, CAS, Huaihai Road 966, Shanghai City, 200031 Shanghai People's Republic of China
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17
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Hays E, Bonavida B. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Enhancement and Reversal of Resistance of Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E407. [PMID: 31533363 PMCID: PMC6769868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immune therapies against human cancers have emerged as a very effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of various cancers, some of which are resistant to current therapies. Although the clinical responses achieved with many therapeutic strategies were significant in a subset of patients, another subset remained unresponsive initially, or became resistant to further therapies. Hence, there is a need to develop novel approaches to treat those unresponsive patients. Several investigations have been reported to explain the underlying mechanisms of immune resistance, including the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways and, in addition, the increased expression of the transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) and the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We have reported that YY1 leads to immune resistance through increasing HIF-1α accumulation and PD-L1 expression. These mechanisms inhibit the ability of the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to mediate their cytotoxic functions via the inhibitory signal delivered by the PD-L1 on tumor cells to the PD-1 receptor on cytotoxic T-cells. Thus, means to override these resistance mechanisms are needed to sensitize the tumor cells to both cell killing and inhibition of tumor progression. Treatment with nitric oxide (NO) donors has been shown to sensitize many types of tumors to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Treatment of cancer cell lines with NO donors has resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell activities via, in part, the inhibition of YY1 and PD-L1. The NO-mediated inhibition of YY1 was the result of both the inhibition of the upstream NF-κB pathway as well as the S-nitrosylation of YY1, leading to both the downregulation of YY1 expression as well as the inhibition of YY1-DNA binding activity, respectively. Also, treatment with NO donors induced the inhibition of YY1 and resulted in the inhibition of PD-L1 expression. Based on the above findings, we propose that treatment of tumor cells with the combination of NO donors, at optimal noncytotoxic doses, and anti-tumor cytotoxic effector cells or other conventional therapies will result in a synergistic anticancer activity and tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hays
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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18
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Visnjic D, Dembitz V, Lalic H. The Role of AMPK/mTOR Modulators in the Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2208-2229. [PMID: 29345570 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180117105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid represents the most successful pharmacological therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Numerous studies demonstrate that drugs that inhibit mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activate AMP-kinase (AMPK) have beneficial effects in promoting differentiation and blocking proliferation of AML. Most of these drugs are already in use for other purposes; rapalogs as immunosuppressants, biguanides as oral antidiabetics, and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr, acadesine) as an exercise mimetic. Although most of these pharmacological modulators have been widely used for decades, their mechanism of action is only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the role of AMPK and mTOR in hematological malignancies and discuss the possible role of pharmacological modulators in proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Visnjic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Nguyen C, Pandey S. Exploiting Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities to Trigger Apoptosis Selectively in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E916. [PMID: 31261935 PMCID: PMC6678564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of normal cells to the cancerous stage involves multiple genetic changes or mutations leading to hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and evasion of the host immune system. However, to accomplish hyperproliferation, cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming including oxidative glycolysis and acidification of the cytoplasm, leading to hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. The majority of drug development research in the past has focused on targeting DNA replication, repair, and tubulin polymerization to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, these are not cancer-selective targets. Recently, researchers have started focusing on metabolic, mitochondrial, and oxidative stress vulnerabilities of cancer cells that can be exploited as selective targets for inducing cancer cell death. Indeed, the hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membranes in cancer cells can lead to selective importing of mitocans that can induce apoptotic effects. Herein, we will discuss recent mitochondrial-selective anticancer compounds (mitocans) that have shown selective toxicity against cancer cells. Increased oxidative stress has also been shown to be very effective in selectively inducing cell death in cancer cells. This oxidative stress could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn will produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS). This creates a vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, irreversibly leading to cell suicide. We will also explore the possibility of combining these compounds to sensitize cancer cells to the conventional anticancer agents. Mitocans in combination with selective oxidative-stress producing agents could be very effective anticancer treatments with minimal effect on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9E 3P4, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9E 3P4, Canada.
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20
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21
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de Mey S, Jiang H, Corbet C, Wang H, Dufait I, Law K, Bastien E, Verovski V, Gevaert T, Feron O, De Ridder M. Antidiabetic Biguanides Radiosensitize Hypoxic Colorectal Cancer Cells Through a Decrease in Oxygen Consumption. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1073. [PMID: 30337872 PMCID: PMC6178882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The anti-diabetic biguanide drugs metformin and phenformin exhibit antitumor activity in various models. However, their radiomodulatory effect under hypoxic conditions, particularly for phenformin, is largely unknown. This study therefore examines whether metformin and phenformin as mitochondrial complex I blockades could overcome hypoxic radioresistance through inhibition of oxygen consumption. Materials and Methods: A panel of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, DLD-1, HT29, SW480, and CT26) was exposed to metformin or phenformin for 16 h at indicated concentrations. Afterward, cell viability was measured by MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was examined by western blot. Mitochondria complexes activity and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were measured by seahorse analyzer. The radiosensitivity of tumor cells was assessed by colony formation assay under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. The in vitro findings were further validated in colorectal CT26 tumor model. Results: Metformin and phenformin inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity and subsequently reduced OCR in a dose-dependent manner starting at 3 mM and 30 μM, respectively. As a result, the hypoxic radioresistance of tumor cells was counteracted by metformin and phenformin with an enhancement ratio about 2 at 9 mM and 100 μM, respectively. Regarding intrinsic radioresistance, both of them did not exhibit any effect although there was an increase of phosphorylation of AMPK and ROS production. In tumor-bearing mice, metformin or phenformin alone did not show any anti-tumor effect. While in combination with radiation, both of them substantially delayed tumor growth and enhanced radioresponse, respectively, by 1.3 and 1.5-fold. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that metformin and phenformin overcome hypoxic radioresistance through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and provide a rationale to explore metformin and phenformin as hypoxic radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kalun Law
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Bastien
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valeri Verovski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Wang Y, Meng Y, Zhang S, Wu H, Yang D, Nie C, Hu Q. Phenformin and metformin inhibit growth and migration of LN229 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6039-6048. [PMID: 30275708 PMCID: PMC6157995 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma is refractory to conventional treatment, highlighting a need to develop novel efficacious therapies. Biguanides, a class of oral antidiabetic drug, have been thought to inhibit proliferation and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the affections of biguanides, phenformin (Phen) and metformin (Met), on growth and migration of glioma cells LN229 in vitro and in vivo. Methods Glioma cells LN229 were treated with Phen or Met, then cell proliferation and death were evaluated by MTT assay and PI stain, and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis, meantime wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were performed to detect cell migration ability. In addition, LN229 were injected in thigh of nude mice, and the mice were treated with Phen or Met to detect the effect of Phen and Met in vivo. Results Phen and Met could significantly inhibit cell growth through inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell death and disturbing cell cycle, and these drugs also could inhibit cell colony formation in glioma cells LN229 in vitro. Meanwhile, both Phen and Met could significantly inhibit cell migration of LN229 in vitro, through effecting the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin. In addition, both Phen and Met inhibited the growth and migration of LN229 in a tumor xenograft model. Furthermore, Phen and Met were associated with the increased level of ROS of cell mitochondrial, and ROS inhibitor NAC could significantly rescue the cell death induced by Phen and Met. Conclusion Phen and Met displayed powerful antitumor effects of LN229, and our findings powerfully suggest the possibility of Phen and Met being used as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Wang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanli Meng
- Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huancheng Wu
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chaohui Nie
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qunliang Hu
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China,
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23
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Inoue A, Kobayashi CI, Shinohara H, Miyamoto K, Yamauchi N, Yuda J, Akao Y, Minami Y. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and molecular target therapies for overcoming resistance and disease persistence. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:365-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anderson RG, Ghiraldeli LP, Pardee TS. Mitochondria in cancer metabolism, an organelle whose time has come? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:96-102. [PMID: 29807044 PMCID: PMC6420819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been controversial organelles in cancer. Early discoveries in cancer metabolism placed much emphasis on cytosolic contributions. Initial debate focused on if mitochondria had a role in cancer formation and progression at all. More recently the contributions of mitochondria to cancer development and progression have become firmly established. This has led to the identification of novel targets and inhibitors being studied as new therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize the role of mitochondria in cancer and highlight several agents under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Anderson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Lais P Ghiraldeli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Timothy S Pardee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Section on Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Newark, NJ, United States.
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25
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Chukkapalli V, Gordon LI, Venugopal P, Borgia JA, Karmali R. Metabolic changes associated with metformin potentiates Bcl-2 inhibitor, Venetoclax, and CDK9 inhibitor, BAY1143572 and reduces viability of lymphoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21166-21181. [PMID: 29765528 PMCID: PMC5940409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin exerts direct anti-tumor effects by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major sensor of cellular metabolism in cancer cells. This, in turn, inhibits pro-survival mTOR signaling. Metformin has also been shown to disrupt complex 1 of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we explored the lymphoma specific anti-tumor effects of metformin using Daudi (Burkitt), SUDHL-4 (germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; GC DLBCL), Jeko-1 (Mantle-cell lymphoma; MCL) and KPUM-UH1 (double hit DLBCL) cell lines. We demonstrated that metformin as a single agent, especially at high concentrations produced significant reductions in viability and proliferation only in Daudi and SUDHL-4 cell lines with associated alterations in mitochondrial oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. As bcl-2 proteins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and phosphoinositol-3- kinase (PI3K) also influence mitochondrial physiology and metabolism with clear relevance to the pathogenesis of lymphoma, we investigated the potentiating effects of metformin when combined with novel agents Venetoclax (bcl-2 inhibitor), BAY-1143572 (CDK9 inhibitor) and Idelalisib (p110δ- PI3K inhibitor). Co-treating KPUM-UH1 and SUDHL-4 cells with 10 mM of metformin resulted in 1.4 fold and 8.8 fold decreases, respectively, in IC-50 values of Venetoclax. By contrast, 3-fold and 10 fold reduction in IC-50 values of BAY-1143572 in Daudi and Jeko-1 cells respectively was seen in the presence of 10 mM of metformin. No change in IC-50 value for Idelalisib was observed across cell lines. These data suggest that although metformin is not a potent single agent, targeting cancer metabolism with similar but more effective drugs in novel combination with either bcl-2 or CDK9 inhibitors warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Chukkapalli
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leo I Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Parameswaran Venugopal
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Departments of Pathology and Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Machado-Neto JA, Fenerich BA, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Eide CA, Coelho-Silva JL, Dechandt CRP, Fernandes JC, Rodrigues Alves APN, Scheucher PS, Simões BP, Alberici LC, de Figueiredo Pontes LL, Tognon CE, Druker BJ, Rego EM, Traina F. Metformin exerts multitarget antileukemia activity in JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:311. [PMID: 29472557 PMCID: PMC5833553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recurrent gain-of-function JAK2V617F mutation confers growth factor-independent proliferation for hematopoietic cells and is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The lack of complete response in most patients treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib indicates the need for identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Metformin is a biguanide that exerts selective antineoplastic activity in hematological malignancies. In the present study, we investigate and compare effects of metformin and ruxolitinib alone and in combination on cell signaling and cellular functions in JAK2V617F-positive cells. In JAK2V617F-expressing cell lines, metformin treatment significantly reduced cell viability, cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and cellular oxygen consumption and delayed cell cycle progression. Metformin reduced cyclin D1 expression and RB, STAT3, STAT5, ERK1/2 and p70S6K phosphorylation. Metformin plus ruxolitinib demonstrated more intense reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis compared to monotherapy. Notably, metformin reduced Ba/F3 JAK2V617F tumor burden and splenomegaly in Jak2V617F knock-in-induced MPN mice and spontaneous erythroid colony formation in primary cells from polycythemia vera patients. In conclusion, metformin exerts multitarget antileukemia activity in MPN: downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling and mitochondrial activity. Our exploratory study establishes novel molecular mechanisms of metformin and ruxolitinib action and provides insights for development of alternative/complementary therapeutic strategies for MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Porto Dechandt
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Jiang W, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Xiang C, Brodie Z, Mikkelsen T, Poisson L, Shackelford DB, Brodie C. Repurposing phenformin for the targeting of glioma stem cells and the treatment of glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56456-56470. [PMID: 27486821 PMCID: PMC5302927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Here, we studied the effects of phenformin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor and more potent chemical analog of the diabetes drug metformin on the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis of glioma stem cells (GSCs) using both in vitro and in vivo models. Phenformin inhibited the self-renewal of GSCs, decreased the expression of stemness and mesenchymal markers and increased the expression of miR-124, 137 and let-7. Silencing of let-7 abrogated phenformin effects on the self-renewal of GSCs via a pathway associated with inhibition of H19 and HMGA2 expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that phenformin inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the overall survival of mice orthotopically transplanted with GSCs. Combined treatments of phenformin and temozolomide exerted an increased antitumor effect on GSCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, dichloroacetate, an inhibitor of the glycolysis enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, that decreases lactic acidosis induced by biguanides, enhanced phenformin effects on the induction of cell death in GSCs and prolonged the survival of xenograft-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that phenformin targets GSCs and can be efficiently combined with current therapies for GBM treatment and GSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Finniss
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cunli Xiang
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ziv Brodie
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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28
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Tseng CH. Metformin use and cervical cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59548-59555. [PMID: 27486978 PMCID: PMC5312330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated whether metformin may affect the risk of cervical cancer. The reimbursement databases of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance were used. Female patients with type 2 diabetes at an onset age of 25-74 years during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=132971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=6940, "never users of metformin") were followed for at least 6 months until December 31, 2011. The treatment effect of metformin (for ever versus never users, and for tertiles of cumulative duration of therapy) was estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Analyses were also conducted in a 1:1 matched pair cohort based on 8 digits of propensity score. Results showed that the respective numbers of incident cervical cancer in ever users and never users were 438 (0.33%) and 38 (0.55%), with respective incidences of 68.29 and 121.38 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratio suggested a significantly lower risk in metformin users (0.558, 95% confidence intervals: 0.401-0.778). In tertile analyses, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the first (<23.0 months), second (23.0-47.9 months) and third (>47.9 months) tertile of cumulative duration were 1.272 (0.904-1.790), 0.523 (0.366-0.747) and 0.109 (0.070-0.172), respectively. Findings were supported by the analyses in the matched cohort. In conclusion, metformin may significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer, especially when the cumulative duration is more than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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29
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Ravà M, D’Andrea A, Nicoli P, Gritti I, Donati G, Doni M, Giorgio M, Olivero D, Amati B. Therapeutic synergy between tigecycline and venetoclax in a preclinical model of MYC/BCL2 double-hit B cell lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/426/eaan8723. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-grade B cell lymphomas with concurrent activation of the MYC and BCL2 oncogenes, also known as double-hit lymphomas (DHL), show dismal prognosis with current therapies. MYC activation sensitizes cells to inhibition of mitochondrial translation by the antibiotic tigecycline, and treatment with this compound provides a therapeutic window in a mouse model of MYC-driven lymphoma. We now addressed the utility of this antibiotic for treatment of DHL. BCL2 activation in mouse Eμ-myc lymphomas antagonized tigecycline-induced cell death, which was specifically restored by combined treatment with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. In line with these findings, tigecycline and two related antibiotics, tetracycline and doxycycline, synergized with venetoclax in killing human MYC/BCL2 DHL cells. Treatment of mice engrafted with either DHL cell lines or a patient-derived xenograft revealed strong antitumoral effects of the tigecycline/venetoclax combination, including long-term tumor eradication with one of the cell lines. This drug combination also had the potential to cooperate with rituximab, a component of current front-line regimens. Venetoclax and tigecycline are currently in the clinic with distinct indications: Our preclinical results warrant the repurposing of these drugs for combinatorial treatment of DHL.
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30
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Biondani G, Peyron JF. Metformin, an Anti-diabetic Drug to Target Leukemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 30147674 PMCID: PMC6095966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic molecule, has attracted a strong interest in the last 10 years as a possible new anti-cancer molecule. Metformin acts by interfering with mitochondrial respiration, leading to an activation of the AMPK tumor-suppressive pathway to promote catabolic-energy saving reactions and block anabolic ones that are associated with abnormal cell proliferation. Metformin also acts at the organism level. In type 2 diabetes patients, metformin reduces hyperglycemia and increases insulin sensitivity by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscles, liver, and adipose tissue and by reducing glucose output by the liver. Lowering insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels that stimulate cancer growth could be important features of metformin's mode of action. Despite continuous progress in treatments with the use of targeted therapies and now immunotherapies, acute leukemias are still of very poor prognosis for relapse patients, demonstrating an important need for new treatments deriving from the identification of their pathological supportive mechanisms. In the last decade, it has been realized that if cancer cells modify and reprogram their metabolism to feed their intense biochemical needs associated with their runaway proliferation, they develop metabolic addictions that could represent attractive targets for new therapeutic strategies that intend to starve and kill cancer cells. This Mini Review explores the anti-leukemic potential of metformin and its mode of action on leukemia metabolism.
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31
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Davies G, Lobanova L, Dawicki W, Groot G, Gordon JR, Bowen M, Harkness T, Arnason T. Metformin inhibits the development, and promotes the resensitization, of treatment-resistant breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187191. [PMID: 29211738 PMCID: PMC5718420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistant (MDR) malignancy remains a predictable and often terminal event in cancer therapy, and affects individuals with many cancer types, regardless of the stage at which they were originally diagnosed or the interval from last treatment. Protein biomarkers of MDR are not globally used for clinical decision-making, but include the overexpression of drug-efflux pumps (ABC transporter family) such as MDR-1 and BCRP, as well as HIF1α, a stress responsive transcription factor found elevated within many MDR tumors. Here, we present the important in vitro discovery that the development of MDR (in breast cancer cells) can be prevented, and that established MDR could be resensitized to therapy, by adjunct treatment with metformin. Metformin is prescribed globally to improve insulin sensitivity, including in those individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). We demonstrate the effectiveness of metformin in resensitizing MDR breast cancer cell lines to their original treatment, and provide evidence that metformin may function through a mechanism involving post-translational histone modifications via an indirect histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) activity. We find that metformin, at low physiological concentrations, reduces the expression of multiple classic protein markers of MDR in vitro and in preliminary in vivo models. Our demonstration that metformin can prevent MDR development and resensitize MDR cells to chemotherapy in vitro, provides important medical relevance towards metformin’s potential clinical use against MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wojciech Dawicki
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gary Groot
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John R. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew Bowen
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Troy Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Terra Arnason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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32
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Jackson AL, Sun W, Kilgore J, Guo H, Fang Z, Yin Y, Jones HM, Gilliam TP, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Phenformin has anti-tumorigenic effects in human ovarian cancer cells and in an orthotopic mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100113-100127. [PMID: 29245964 PMCID: PMC5725006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have been associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC). The biguanide metformin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is also believed to have anti-tumorigenic benefits. Metformin is highly hydrophilic and requires organic cation transporters (OCTs) for entry into human cells. Phenformin, another biguanide, was taken off the market due to an increased risk of lactic acidosis over metformin. However, phenformin is not reliant on transporters for cell entry; and thus, may have increased potency as both an anti-diabetic and anti-tumorigenic agent than metformin. Thus, our goal was to evaluate the effect of phenformin on established OC cell lines, primary cultures of human OC cells and in an orthotopic mouse model of high grade serous OC. In three OC cell lines, phenformin significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis, caused cellular stress, inhibited adhesion and invasion, and activation of AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Phenformin also exerted anti-proliferative effects in seven primary cell cultures of human OC. Lastly, phenformin inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of serous OC, coincident with decreased Ki-67 staining and phosphorylated-S6 expression and increased expression of caspase 3 and phosphorylated-AMPK. Our findings demonstrate that phenformin has anti-tumorigenic effects in OC as previously demonstrated by metformin but it is yet to be determined if it is superior to metformin for the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Jackson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Kilgore
- Houston Methodist Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M. Jones
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P. Gilliam
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Tseng CH. Metformin reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1636-49. [PMID: 27587088 PMCID: PMC5032687 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study investigated whether metformin may reduce gastric cancer risk by using the reimbursement databases of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance. Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=287971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=16217, "never users of metformin") were followed until December 31, 2011. The effect of metformin (for ever versus never users, and for tertiles of cumulative duration of therapy) was estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Results showed that the respective numbers of incident gastric cancer in ever and never users were 759 (0.26%) and 89 (0.55%), with respective incidences of 55.26 and 122.53 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 0.448 (0.359-0.558) suggested a significantly lower risk among ever users. In tertile analyses, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the first (<21.47 months), second (21.47-45.97 months) and third (>45.97 months) tertile of cumulative duration was 0.973 (0.773-1.224), 0.422 (0.331-0.537) and 0.120 (0.090-0.161), respectively, while compared to never users. In conclusion, metformin significantly reduces gastric cancer risk, especially when the cumulative duration is more than approximately 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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