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Reed JM, Wolfe BE, Romero LM. Is resilience a unifying concept for the biological sciences? iScience 2024; 27:109478. [PMID: 38660410 PMCID: PMC11039332 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in applying resilience concepts at different scales of biological organization to address major interdisciplinary challenges from cancer to climate change. It is unclear, however, whether resilience can be a unifying concept consistently applied across the breadth of the biological sciences, or whether there is limited capacity for integration. In this review, we draw on literature from molecular biology to community ecology to ascertain commonalities and shortcomings in how resilience is measured and interpreted. Resilience is studied at all levels of biological organization, although the term is often not used. There is a suite of resilience mechanisms conserved across biological scales, and there are tradeoffs that affect resilience. Resilience is conceptually useful to help diverse researchers think about how biological systems respond to perturbations, but we need a richer lexicon to describe the diversity of perturbations, and we lack widely applicable metrics of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Reed
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford 02155, MA, USA
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2
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Kvistad JT, Galarowicz TL, Clapp DF, Chadderton WL, Tucker AJ, Annis G, Herbert M. Evidence of a compensatory response in invasive Rusty Crayfish ( Faxonius rusticus) following intensive harvest removal from northern Lake Michigan fish spawning reefs. Biol Invasions 2023; 25:1-17. [PMID: 37362907 PMCID: PMC10166462 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The goal of most invasive species suppression programs is to achieve long-term sustained reductions in population abundance, yet removal programs can be stymied by density-dependent population responses. We tested a harvest removal strategy for invasive Rusty Crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) at two nearshore native fish spawning habitats in northern Lake Michigan. Changes in average Rusty Crayfish densities were evaluated with a before-after reference-impact study design. We removed 3182 Rusty Crayfish, primarily adults (> 20 mm carapace length), at two sites over two harvest seasons, expending 17,825 trap days in effort. Generalized linear modeling results suggested a statistically significant reduction in Rusty Crayfish densities was achieved at one reef, Little Traverse Bay (LTB Crib). Reduced densities were sustained over the egg maturation period for native fish and into the following year after removal ceased. By late summer/early fall, between consecutive suppression efforts in 2018 and 2019, we observed a threefold increase in pre-removal densities. Size-frequency histograms from diver quadrat surveys showed higher abundances of juvenile (< 20 mm carapace length) size classes the following spring and summer at LTB Crib compared to its paired reference site. Stock-recruit curves fit to count data, pooled across all sites, provided further evidence of density-dependence. With a proviso that we only conducted two seasons of consecutive suppression, this study highlights an important aspect of invasive species management and raises questions about the efficacy of adult-only crayfish removal strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-023-03076-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T. Kvistad
- Department of Biology, Biosciences 2100, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
- Cramer Fish Sciences, Watershed Sciences Laboratory, 1125 12th Avenue NW, Suite B-1, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA
| | - Tracy L. Galarowicz
- Department of Biology, Biosciences 2100, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - David F. Clapp
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA
| | - William L. Chadderton
- The Nature Conservancy, 721 Flanner Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Andrew J. Tucker
- The Nature Conservancy, 721 Flanner Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Gust Annis
- The Nature Conservancy, 101 E. César E. Chávez Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906 USA
| | - Matthew Herbert
- The Nature Conservancy, 101 E. César E. Chávez Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906 USA
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3
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Szydlowski DK, Elgin AK, Lodge DM, Tiemann JS, Larson ER. Long-term macrophyte and snail community responses to population declines of invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus). ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2818. [PMID: 36772970 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A central focus of invasive species research has been on human efforts to eradicate invaders or reduce their abundance to mitigate the worst of their impacts. In some cases, however, populations of invasive species decline without human intervention, which may inform management responses to these invaders. Such is the case of the invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) in northern Wisconsin, USA, where systematic population monitoring since 1975 has revealed population declines in approximately half of the lakes surveyed. Population declines of invasive species without human intervention remain understudied, but there is even less research on how communities respond following such declines. Using 10 lakes in Vilas County, Wisconsin, we investigated community recovery of habitat (macrophytes) and prey (freshwater snails) of F. rusticus following up to 33 years of declines of this invader in some lakes using a dataset with a rare, long-term span over which consistent data were collected (1987, 2002, 2011, and 2020). We compared community responses in lakes where F. rusticus populations reached a peak and subsequently declined (boom-bust lakes) and lakes where our dataset only captured the decline of F. rusticus (bust lakes) to reference lakes with consistently high or low crayfish abundance over time. We found partial recovery of macrophytes and snails in the bust and boom-bust lakes where F. rusticus has declined, with recovery of macrophyte abundance and richness in the boom-bust lakes achieving levels observed in the low-crayfish reference lakes. Snail abundance and richness increased after declines of F. rusticus, though not to the level of the low-crayfish reference lakes, suggesting that snail recovery may lag macrophyte recovery because snails are dependent on macrophytes and associated periphyton for habitat. The recovery we document potentially represents long-term ecosystem resilience of lakes to biological invasions. Our results suggest that lake communities may recover without active restoration interventions after invasive crayfish population declines, although identifying which lakes experience these natural declines remains a priority for future research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Szydlowski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley K Elgin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Muskegon, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Lodge
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tiemann
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric R Larson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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4
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Mikulyuk A, Kujawa E, Nault ME, Van Egeren S, Wagner KI, Barton M, Hauxwell J, Vander Zanden MJ. Is the cure worse than the disease? Comparing the ecological effects of an invasive aquatic plant and the herbicide treatments used to control it. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are known to have negative ecological effects. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of invasive species relative to the effects of invasive species control, thereby limiting our ability to make informed decisions considering the benefits and drawbacks of a given management approach. To address this gap, we compared the ecological effects of the invasive aquatic plant Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) with the effects of lake-wide herbicide treatments used for M. spicatum control using aquatic plant data collected from 173 lakes in Wisconsin, USA. First, a pre–post analysis of aquatic plant communities found significant declines in native plant species in response to lake-wide herbicide treatment. Second, multi-level modeling using a large data set revealed a negative association between lake-wide herbicide treatments and native aquatic plants, but no significant negative effect of invasive M. spicatum. Taken together, our results indicate that lake-wide herbicide treatments aimed at controlling M. spicatum had larger effects on native aquatic plants than did the target of control—invasive M. spicatum. Our comparison reveals an important management tradeoff and encourages careful consideration of how we balance the real and perceived impacts of invasive species and the methods used for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mikulyuk
- Bureau of Water Quality, Division of Environmental Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 101 S Webster Street, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Ellen Kujawa
- Bureau of Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2801 Progress Road, Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Michelle E. Nault
- Bureau of Water Quality, Division of Environmental Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 101 S Webster Street, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Scott Van Egeren
- Bureau of Water Quality, Division of Environmental Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 107 Sutliff Avenue, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA
| | - Kelly I. Wagner
- Bureau of Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2801 Progress Road, Madison, WI 53716, USA
- Williston, VT 05495, USA
| | - Martha Barton
- Bureau of Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2801 Progress Road, Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Jennifer Hauxwell
- Aquatic Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M. Jake Vander Zanden
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 N Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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5
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Sankaran S, Majumder S, Viswanathan A, Guttal V. Clustering and correlations: Inferring resilience from spatial patterns in ecosystems. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Sankaran
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
| | - Sabiha Majumder
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
- Institut für Integrative Biologie ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ashwin Viswanathan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
- Nature Conservation Foundation Bengaluru India
| | - Vishwesha Guttal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
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6
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Larson ER, Kreps TA, Peters B, Peters JA, Lodge DM. Habitat explains patterns of population decline for an invasive crayfish. Ecology 2019; 100:e02659. [PMID: 30919952 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive nonindigenous species are defined by their impacts: they substantially change native communities or ecosystems. Accordingly, invasive species might transform their habitats in ways that eventually become unfavorable to them, causing population declines or even extirpations. Here we use over 40 yr of systematically collected data on the abundance of the invasive rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus from 17 lakes in northern Wisconsin, USA to explore whether population declines of this invader are related to the prevalence of rocky habitat, which shelters crayfish from predators and is unchanged by crayfish. We predicted that lakes with rock-dominated substrates would be resistant to F. rusticus population declines, whereas lakes lacking rock-dominated substrates would experience F. rusticus declines due to crayfish destruction of shelter-providing macrophytes. We found that in nearly one-half (47%) of the study lakes, F. rusticus experienced population declines over the study time period, and these lakes had significantly lower proportions of rock substrate than lakes that did not experience population declines. We recommend that more studies should investigate the potential for invasive species-mediated community or ecosystem feedbacks to eventually contribute to their own population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Larson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Timothy A Kreps
- Department of Biology, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia, 22812, USA
| | - Brett Peters
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, 46617, USA
| | - Jody A Peters
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - David M Lodge
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, 46617, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.,Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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7
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Ratajczak Z, Carpenter SR, Ives AR, Kucharik CJ, Ramiadantsoa T, Stegner MA, Williams JW, Zhang J, Turner MG. Abrupt Change in Ecological Systems: Inference and Diagnosis. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:513-526. [PMID: 29784428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abrupt ecological changes are, by definition, those that occur over short periods of time relative to typical rates of change for a given ecosystem. The potential for such changes is growing due to anthropogenic pressures, which challenges the resilience of societies and ecosystems. Abrupt ecological changes are difficult to diagnose because they can arise from a variety of circumstances, including rapid changes in external drivers (e.g., climate, or resource extraction), nonlinear responses to gradual changes in drivers, and interactions among multiple drivers and disturbances. We synthesize strategies for identifying causes of abrupt ecological change and highlight instances where abrupt changes are likely. Diagnosing abrupt changes and inferring causation are increasingly important as society seek to adapt to rapid, multifaceted environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Ratajczak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Stephen R Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anthony R Ives
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Tanjona Ramiadantsoa
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Allison Stegner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John W Williams
- Department of Geography and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jien Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Monica G Turner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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8
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Strayer DL, D'Antonio CM, Essl F, Fowler MS, Geist J, Hilt S, Jarić I, Jöhnk K, Jones CG, Lambin X, Latzka AW, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Robertson P, Schmalensee M, Stefansson RA, Wright J, Jeschke JM. Boom‐bust dynamics in biological invasions: towards an improved application of the concept. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1337-1350. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Strayer
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Vegetation and Landscape Ecology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Mike S. Fowler
- Department of Biosciences Swansea University Singleton Park UK
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of Belgrade BelgradeSerbia
| | - Klaus Jöhnk
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water Black Mountain Canberra Australia
| | | | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Alexander W. Latzka
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University‐MacDonald Campus Saint‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Canada
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland7602 South Africa
| | | | - Menja Schmalensee
- West Iceland Nature Research Centre Stykkishólmur Iceland
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | | | | | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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9
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Larios L, Hallett LM, Suding KN. Where and how to restore in a changing world: a demographic‐based assessment of resilience. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loralee Larios
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA USA
| | - Lauren M. Hallett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Environmental Studies Program Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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10
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Hansen GJA, Tunney TD, Winslow LA, Vander Zanden MJ. Whole‐lake invasive crayfish removal and qualitative modeling reveal habitat‐specific food web topology. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen J. A. Hansen
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Tyler D. Tunney
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Luke A. Winslow
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - M. Jake Vander Zanden
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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11
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A Framework for Evaluating Heterogeneity and Landscape-Level Impacts of Non-native Aquatic Species. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Kuhlmann ML. Invasion-Related Change in Crayfish Density Affects a Stream Macroinvertebrate Community. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2016. [DOI: 10.1656/045.023.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bajer PG, Beck MW, Cross TK, Koch JD, Bartodziej WM, Sorensen PW. Biological invasion by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of a large North American ecoregion. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:3937-3947. [PMID: 27251937 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are projected to be the main driver of biodiversity and ecosystem function loss in lakes in the 21st century. However, the extent of these future losses is difficult to quantify because most invasions are recent and confounded by other stressors. In this study, we quantified the outcome of a century-old invasion, the introduction of common carp to North America, to illustrate potential consequences of introducing non-native ecosystem engineers to lakes worldwide. We used the decline in aquatic plant richness and cover as an index of ecological impact across three ecoregions: Great Plains, Eastern Temperate Forests and Northern Forests. Using whole-lake manipulations, we demonstrated that both submersed plant cover and richness declined exponentially as carp biomass increased such that plant cover was reduced to <10% and species richness was halved in lakes in which carp biomass exceeded 190 kg ha-1 . Using catch rates amassed from 2000+ lakes, we showed that carp exceeded this biomass level in 70.6% of Great Plains lakes and 23.3% of Eastern Temperate Forests lakes, but 0% of Northern Forests lakes. Using model selection analysis, we showed that carp was a key driver of plant species richness along with Secchi depth, lake area and human development of lake watersheds. Model parameters showed that carp reduced species richness to a similar degree across lakes of various Secchi depths and surface areas. In regions dominated by carp (e.g., Great Plains), carp had a stronger impact on plant richness than human watershed development. Overall, our analysis shows that the introduction of common carp played a key role in driving a severe reduction in plant cover and richness in a majority of Great Plains lakes and a large portion of Eastern Temperate Forests lakes in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw G Bajer
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Marcus W Beck
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Timothy K Cross
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Research, 20596 Hwy 7, Hutchinson, MN, 55350, USA
| | - Justine D Koch
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - William M Bartodziej
- Ramsey Washington Metro Watershed District, 2665 Noel Drive, Little Canada, MN, 55117, USA
| | - Peter W Sorensen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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14
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Frossard V, Saussereau B, Perasso A, Gillet F. What is the robustness of early warning signals to temporal aggregation? Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Bertani I, Primicerio R, Rossetti G. Extreme Climatic Event Triggers a Lake Regime Shift that Propagates Across Multiple Trophic Levels. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Mac Nally R, Albano C, Fleishman E. A scrutiny of the evidence for pressure-induced state shifts in estuarine and nearshore ecosystems. AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology; The University of Canberra; Bruce ACT 2617 Australia
| | - Christine Albano
- John Muir Institute of the Environment; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - Erica Fleishman
- John Muir Institute of the Environment; University of California; Davis California USA
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