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Godinho DP, Rodrigues LR, Lefèvre S, Magalhães S, Duncan AB. Coinfection accelerates transmission to new hosts despite no effects on virulence and parasite growth. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230139. [PMID: 38913066 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental aims of ecological, epidemiological and evolutionary studies of host-parasite interactions is to unravel which factors affect parasite virulence. Theory predicts that virulence and transmission are correlated by a trade-off, as too much virulence is expected to hamper transmission owing to excessive host damage. Coinfections may affect each of these traits and/or their correlation. Here, we used inbred lines of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae to test how coinfection with T. evansi impacted virulence-transmission relationships at different conspecific densities. The presence of T. evansi on a shared host did not change the relationship between virulence (leaf damage) and the number of transmitting stages (i.e. adult daughters). The relationship between these traits was hump-shaped across densities, both in single and coinfections, which corresponds to a trade-off. Moreover, transmission to adjacent hosts increased in coinfection, but only at low T. urticae densities. Finally, we tested whether virulence and the number of daughters were correlated with measures of transmission to adjacent hosts, in single and coinfections at different conspecific densities. Traits were mostly independent, meaning that interspecific competitors may increase transmission without affecting virulence. Thus, coinfections may impact epidemiology and parasite trait evolution, but not necessarily the virulence-transmission trade-off.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo P Godinho
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences; CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- Current address, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Leonor R Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences; CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie Lefèvre
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences; CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alison B Duncan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Zhou P, He XZ, Chen C, Wang Q. Age and Density of Mated Females Affect Dispersal Strategies in Spider Mite Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. INSECTS 2024; 15:387. [PMID: 38921102 PMCID: PMC11203671 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The dispersal strategies of a species can affect its invasion success. Investigations into the dispersal strategies of invasive species in relation to different factors help improve our understanding of invasion mechanisms and provide knowledge for population management and invasion evaluation. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an invasive species which is native to Europe but is now cosmopolitan. Here, we examined the effects of age and density on dispersal in mated females. Our results show that older females that are capable of producing more eggs within 24 h were more likely to disperse and moved longer distances than younger ones with fewer eggs. Older females spread most of their eggs out of their natal habitats and over longer distances, which reduced competition and increased offspring fitness. Females exhibited significantly increased dispersal probability and distances with an increase in population density to avoid crowding. The synchronization of dispersal and reproduction, along with the positive density-dependent dispersal strategy, may facilitate the habitat colonization and invasion speed of T. ludeni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Research and Ecological Protection in Southwest Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (P.Z.); (C.C.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand;
| | - Xiong Z. He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand;
| | - Chen Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Research and Ecological Protection in Southwest Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China; (P.Z.); (C.C.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand;
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand;
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3
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Gervais L, Mouginot P, Gibert A, Salles O, Latutrie M, Piquet J, Archambeau J, Pujol B. Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 1:145. [PMID: 37645181 PMCID: PMC10446054 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14281.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: In contrast with historical knowledge, a recent view posits that a non-negligible proportion of populations thrive in a fragmented landscape. One underlying mechanism is the maintenance of functional connectivity, i.e., the net flow of individuals or their genes moving among suitable habitat patches. Alternatively, functional connectivity might be typically limited but enhanced by a higher reproductive success of migrants. Methods: We tested for this hypothesis in wild snapdragon plants inhabiting six patches separated by seawater in a fragmented Mediterranean scrubland landscape. We reconstructed their pedigree by using a parentage assignment method based on microsatellite genetic markers. We then estimated functional connectivity and the reproductive success of plants resulting from between-patch dispersal events. Results: We found that wild snapdragon plants thrived in this fragmented landscape, although functional connectivity between habitat patches was low (i.e. 2.9%). The progeny resulting from between-patch dispersal events had a higher reproductive success than residents. Conclusion: Our findings imply that low functional connectivity in a fragmented landscapes may have been enhanced by higher reproductive success after migration. This original mechanisms might be partly compensating the negative impact of fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gervais
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Pierick Mouginot
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Anais Gibert
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Oceane Salles
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Mathieu Latutrie
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Jesaelle Piquet
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Benoit Pujol
- CRIOBE PSL Université Paris : EHPE-UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan, USR 3278, CNRS, Perpignan, France
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4
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Cote J, Dahirel M, Schtickzelle N, Altermatt F, Ansart A, Blanchet S, Chaine AS, De Laender F, De Raedt J, Haegeman B, Jacob S, Kaltz O, Laurent E, Little CJ, Madec L, Manzi F, Masier S, Pellerin F, Pennekamp F, Therry L, Vong A, Winandy L, Bonte D, Fronhofer EA, Legrand D. Dispersal syndromes in challenging environments: A cross-species experiment. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2675-2687. [PMID: 36223413 PMCID: PMC9828387 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a central biological process tightly integrated into life-histories, morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such associations, or syndromes, are anticipated to impact the eco-evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations, and cascade into ecosystem processes. As for dispersal on its own, these syndromes are likely neither fixed nor random, but conditional on the experienced environment. We experimentally studied how dispersal propensity varies with individuals' phenotype and local environmental harshness using 15 species ranging from protists to vertebrates. We reveal a general phenotypic dispersal syndrome across studied species, with dispersers being larger, more active and having a marked locomotion-oriented morphology and a strengthening of the link between dispersal and some phenotypic traits with environmental harshness. Our proof-of-concept metacommunity model further reveals cascading effects of context-dependent syndromes on the local and regional organisation of functional diversity. Our study opens new avenues to advance our understanding of the functioning of spatially structured populations, communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cote
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Université Paul Sabatier; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Toulouse CedexFrance
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR6553RennesFrance,Department of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Univ. Catholique de LouvainEarth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research CentreLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Eawag: Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Armelle Ansart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR6553RennesFrance
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Alexis S. Chaine
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance,Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse School of EconomicsToulouseFrance
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and the Institute of Life, Earth, and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Jonathan De Raedt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and the Institute of Life, Earth, and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Applied EcologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Bart Haegeman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, Univ MontpellierCNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Univ. Catholique de LouvainEarth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research CentreLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Chelsea J. Little
- Eawag: Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland,School of Environmental ScienceSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Luc Madec
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR6553RennesFrance
| | - Florent Manzi
- ISEM, Univ MontpellierCNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance,Department of Ecosystem ResearchLeibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
| | | | - Felix Pellerin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Université Paul Sabatier; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Toulouse CedexFrance
| | - Frank Pennekamp
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Lieven Therry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Université Paul Sabatier; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Toulouse CedexFrance,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Alexandre Vong
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Laurane Winandy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Université Paul Sabatier; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Toulouse CedexFrance,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
- Eawag: Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland,ISEM, Univ MontpellierCNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR2029)MoulisFrance
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Ostreiher R, Mundry R, Heifetz A. Actual versus counterfactual fitness consequences of dispersal decisions in a cooperative breeder. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2094469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roni Ostreiher
- Department of Life Science, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Roger Mundry
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, VetMedUni, Vienna, Austria
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Primate Cognition, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aviad Heifetz
- Department of Management and Economics, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
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6
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Consistency of mobile and sedentary movement extremes exhibited by an invasive fish, Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Kreuzinger-Janik B, Gansfort B, Ptatscheck C. Population density, bottom-up and top-down control as an interactive triplet to trigger dispersal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5578. [PMID: 35368038 PMCID: PMC8976845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDispersal reflects the trade-offs between the cost of a change in habitat and the fitness benefits conferred by that change. Many factors trigger the dispersal of animals, but in field studies they are typically not controllable; consequently, they are mostly studied in the laboratory, where their single and interactive effects on dispersal can be investigated. We tested whether three fundamental factors, population density as well as bottom-up and top-down control, influence the emigration of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nematode movement was observed in experiments conducted in two-chamber arenas in which these factors were manipulated. The results showed that both decreasing food availability and increasing population density had a positive influence on nematode dispersal. The presence of the predatory flatworm Polycelis tenuis did not consistently affect dispersal but worked as an amplifier when linked with population density with respect to certain food-supply levels. Our study indicates that nematode dispersal on small scales is non-random; rather, the worms’ ability to perceive environmental information leads to a context-dependent decision by individuals to leave or stay in a patch. The further use of nematodes to gain insights into both the triggers that initiate dispersal, and the traits of dispersing individuals will improve the modeling of animal behavior in changing and spatial heterogenous landscapes.
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8
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Phenology and abundance of date palm mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4348-4357. [PMID: 34354419 PMCID: PMC8325031 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of management practices, fruit season, host habitats (young and old fronds, date fruits and grasses), and temperature on the phenology and abundance of the date palm mite (DPM). The study was conducted in two date palm orchards (two plots each): a managed and an unmanaged plot. The phenology of DPM was assessed based on adult cumulative mite days (ACMDs), while mean mite density was used to assess the mite abundance on different host habitats. The ACMDs and mean mite density were significantly different between managed and unmanaged plots on different host habitats in both fruiting and off-seasons. The date fruits had highest ACMDs during fruiting season. While young fronds had significantly higher ACMDs than on old fronds an grasses during both seasons in both plots.. The temperature and season type significantly affected the mean density of DPM eggs and adults. There was a significant effect of host habitats mean density of DPM eggs and immatures. Based on the adult phenology and abundance of DPM, the mite overwinters in young fronds and aerial offshoots of infested date palm trees. These overwintering DPM caused the seasonal date fruit infestation, each year. Additionally, different phytophagous and predatory mites, which co-occur with DPM, and were found on different host habitats affected the phenology and abundance of DPM. Moreover, the change in DPM body color was related to the host habitat that they fed in. Exceptionally, the brown color of females collected during the winter season could be due to physiological changes due to low temperature. In DPM males collected from different host habitats throughout the study, some morphological variations in the width of the knob, height of the hook, and the angle between the knob axis and dorsal margin of the shaft were also recorded. The results of this study suggest that young fronds and grasses are the suitable sites for DPM survival and overwintering. Hence, the management practices, early in the fruit season and/or during off fruit winter months, should be directed towards these habitats. These could provide efficient reduction in seasonal infestation of DPM.
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9
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Waters J, Emerson B, Arribas P, McCulloch G. Dispersal Reduction: Causes, Genomic Mechanisms, and Evolutionary Consequences. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:512-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Bisschop K, Mortier F, Bonte D, Etienne RS. Performance in a novel environment subject to ghost competition. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8931. [PMID: 32391198 PMCID: PMC7195835 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A central tenet of the evolutionary theory of communities is that competition impacts evolutionary processes such as local adaptation. Species in a community exert a selection pressure on other species and may drive them to extinction. We know, however, very little about the influence of unsuccessful or ghost species on the evolutionary dynamics within the community. Methods Here we report the long-term influence of a ghost competitor on the performance of a more successful species using experimental evolution. We transferred the spider mite Tetranychus urticae onto a novel host plant under initial presence or absence of a competing species, the congeneric mite T. ludeni. Results The competitor species, T. ludeni, unintentionally went extinct soon after the start of the experiment, but we nevertheless completed the experiment and found that the early competitive pressure of this ghost competitor positively affected the performance (i.e., fecundity) of the surviving species, T. urticae. This effect on T. urticae lasted for at least 25 generations. Discussion Our study suggests that early experienced selection pressures can exert a persistent evolutionary signal on species’ performance in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bisschop
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Bisschop K, Mortier F, Etienne RS, Bonte D. Transient local adaptation and source-sink dynamics in experimental populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190738. [PMID: 31238842 PMCID: PMC6599998 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is determined by the strength of selection and the level of gene flow within heterogeneous landscapes. The presence of benign habitat can act as an evolutionary stepping stone for local adaptation to challenging environments by providing the necessary genetic variation. At the same time, migration load from benign habitats will hinder adaptation. In a community context, interspecific competition is expected to select against maladapted migrants, hence reducing migration load and facilitating adaptation. As the interplay between competition and spatial heterogeneity on the joint ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations is poorly understood, we performed an evolutionary experiment using the herbivore spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model. We studied the species's demography and local adaptation in a challenging environment that consisted of an initial sink (pepper plants) and/or a more benign environment (cucumber plants). Half of the experimental populations were exposed to a competitor, the congeneric T. ludeni. We show that while spider mites only adapted to the challenging pepper environment when it was spatially interspersed with benign cucumber habitat, this adaptation was only temporary and disappeared when the populations in the benign cucumber environment were expanding and spilling-over to the challenging pepper environment. Although the focal species outcompeted the competitor after about two months, a negative effect of competition on the focal species's performance persisted in the benign environment. Adaptation to challenging habitat in heterogeneous landscapes thus highly depends on demography and source-sink dynamics, but also on competitive interactions with other species, even if they are only present for a short time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bisschop
- 1 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen , The Netherlands.,2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Frederik Mortier
- 2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- 1 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Dries Bonte
- 2 TEREC (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Department of Biology, Ghent University , Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent , Belgium
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Schuppenhauer MM, Lehmitz R, Xylander WER. Slow-moving soil organisms on a water highway: aquatic dispersal and survival potential of Oribatida and Collembola in running water. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 31308949 PMCID: PMC6604229 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oribatida and Collembola are an important part of the soil food web and increase soil fertility by contributing to the recycling of nutrients out of dead organic matter. Active locomotion enables only limited dispersal in these tiny, wingless arthropods, while passive dispersal plays an important role for long-distance dispersal. Previous investigations have focused on passive transport by wind, other animals, or sea currents, whereas studies on transport via running water are missing. However, previous observation of the long survival of submerged terrestrial microarthropods makes passive dispersal with running water very likely. METHODS By combining field and lab experiments, we studied the potential for passive dispersal of oribatid mites with running water. We investigated terrestrial Oribatida and Collembola: (1) along a stream taking soil and moss samples, (2) in a stream using sticky covers and aquarium nets, and (3) studied their ability to colonise new soil after aquatic transport with the help of floating islands. Furthermore, we investigated the survival of submerged Oribatida species and their floating capabilities in lab experiments to predict dispersal distances with running water. We tested for differences between species using Kruskal-Wallis test for equal medians and Mann-Whitney pairwise-comparison and χ2-test for the influence of body size on aquatic dispersal. RESULTS Soil and moss samples revealed a pool of 52 oribatid mite species at the stream bank. Within the stream, we caught 180 individuals from 36 oribatid mite species. Only 14 of those species were also found in the soil and moss samples, whereas the remaining 22 were of unknown origin. Based on material caught on sticky covers, an average of 63.9 (± 54.6) oribatid mite individuals fell on one m2 stream water per week. Four species of Collembola (27 individuals) and 21 species of oribatid mites (47 individuals) were collected with aquarium nets. Eight microarthropod species (Oribatida + Collembola) successfully colonised new soil in the floating islands after aquatic dispersal. Lab experiments showed that Oribatida can float for at least 14 hours at the surface of running water and may survive for more than 365 days when submerged. The floating abilities and survival rates were largely species-specific. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate successful passive dispersal with running water for two groups of terrestrial soil microarthropods, including subsequent colonisation of new soil. We show that submersion survival, as well as floating abilities, and therefore dispersal capability, are not only high in oribatid mites, but also species-specific. Running waters obviously serve as long-distance dispersal highways for many of these less mobile soil-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike M. Schuppenhauer
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricarda Lehmitz
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Willi E. R. Xylander
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau - TU Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
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Dahirel M, Masier S, Renault D, Bonte D. The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.203596. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dispersing individuals are expected to encounter costs during transfer and in the novel environment, and may also have experienced stress in their natal patch. Given this, a non-random subset of the population should engage in dispersal and show divergent stress-related responses. This includes physiological shifts as expressed in the metabolome, which form a major part of responses to stress. We analyzed how metabolic profiles and life-history traits varied between dispersers and residents of the model two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, and whether and how these syndromes varied with exposure to a stressful new host plant (tomato). Regardless of the effect of host plant, we found a physiological dispersal syndrome where, relative to residents, dispersers were characterized by lower leaf consumption and a lower concentration of several amino acids, indicating a potential dispersal-foraging trade-off. As a possible consequence of this lower food intake, dispersers also laid smaller eggs. Responses to tomato were consistent with this plant being a stressor for Tetranychus urticae, including reduced fecundity and reduced feeding. Tomato-exposed mites laid larger eggs, which we interpret as a plastic response to food stress, increasing survival to maturity. Contrary to what was expected from the costs of dispersal and from previous meta-population level studies, there was no interaction between dispersal status and host plant for any of the examined traits, meaning stress impacts were equally incurred by residents and dispersers. We thus provide novel insights in the processes shaping dispersal and the feedbacks on ecological dynamics in spatially structured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stefano Masier
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Ousterhout BH, Semlitsch RD. Effects of conditionally expressed phenotypes and environment on amphibian dispersal in nature. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany H. Ousterhout
- Division of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
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15
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Germain M, Pärt T, Gustafsson L, Doligez B. Natal dispersers pay a lifetime cost to increased reproductive effort in a wild bird population. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2445. [PMID: 28330917 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natal dispersal is assumed to be costly. Such costs can be difficult to detect, and fitness consequences of dispersal are therefore poorly known. Because of lower phenotypic quality and/or familiarity with the environment, natal dispersers may be less buffered against a sudden increase in reproductive effort. Consequently, reproductive costs associated with natal dispersal may mostly be detected in harsh breeding conditions. We tested this prediction by comparing lifetime reproductive success between natal dispersers and non-dispersers in a patchy population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) when they reared either a non-manipulated brood or an experimentally increased or decreased brood. Natal dispersers achieved lower lifetime reproductive success than non-dispersers only under more stressful breeding conditions (i.e. when brood size was experimentally increased). This was mostly due to a lower number of recruits produced in the year of the increase. Our results suggest a cost associated with natal dispersal paid immediately after an increase in reproductive effort and not subsequently compensated for through increased survival or future offspring recruitment. Natal dispersers adjusted their breeding investment when reproductive effort is as predicted but seemed unable to efficiently face a sudden increase in effort, which could affect the influence of environmental predictability on dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Germain
- UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1, 18 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F69622 Villeurbanne, France .,Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.,Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 2, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gustafsson
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Blandine Doligez
- UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1, 18 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F69622 Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Renault D, Laparie M, McCauley SJ, Bonte D. Environmental Adaptations, Ecological Filtering, and Dispersal Central to Insect Invasions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:345-368. [PMID: 29029589 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insect invasions, the establishment and spread of nonnative insects in new regions, can have extensive economic and environmental consequences. Increased global connectivity accelerates rates of introductions, while climate change may decrease the barriers to invader species' spread. We follow an individual-level insect- and arachnid-centered perspective to assess how the process of invasion is influenced by phenotypic heterogeneity associated with dispersal and stress resistance, and their coupling, across the multiple steps of the invasion process. We also provide an overview and synthesis on the importance of environmental filters during the entire invasion process for the facilitation or inhibition of invasive insect population spread. Finally, we highlight important research gaps and the relevance and applicability of ongoing natural range expansions in the context of climate change to gain essential mechanistic insights into insect invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Laparie
- URZF, INRA, Forest Zoology Research Unit (0633), 45075 Orléans, France;
| | - Shannon J McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada;
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9090 Ghent, Belgium;
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17
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Van Petegem K, Moerman F, Dahirel M, Fronhofer EA, Vandegehuchte ML, Van Leeuwen T, Wybouw N, Stoks R, Bonte D. Kin competition accelerates experimental range expansion in an arthropod herbivore. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:225-234. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Petegem
- Department of Biology Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Felix Moerman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlanderstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Université de Rennes 1 UMR CNRS EcoBio 263 avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes France
| | - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlanderstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Crop Protection Ghent University Faculty of Bioscience Engineering B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology, IBED University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 – 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Department of Crop Protection Ghent University Faculty of Bioscience Engineering B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology, IBED University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 – 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Robby Stoks
- Department of Biology University of Leuven Deberiotstraat 32 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
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18
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Lower settlement following a forced displacement experiment: nonbreeding as a dispersal cost in a wild bird? Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bonte
- Ghent University; Dept. Biology; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Ghent University; Dept. Biology; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
- Univ. of Rennes 1/ CNRS; UMR 6553 Ecobio Rennes France
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20
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Kivelä SM, Välimäki P, Gotthard K. Evolution of alternative insect life histories in stochastic seasonal environments. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5596-613. [PMID: 27547340 PMCID: PMC4983577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic seasonality can explain the evolution of alternative life history phenotypes (i.e., life history polyphenism) expressed in different generations emerging within the same year. However, the influence of stochastic variation on the expression of such life history polyphenisms in seasonal environments is insufficiently understood. Here, we use insects as a model and explore (1) the effects of stochastic variation in seasonality and (2) the life cycle on the degree of life history differentiation among the alternative developmental pathways of direct development and diapause (overwintering), and (3) the evolution of phenology. With numerical simulation, we determine the values of development (growth) time, growth rate, body size, reproductive effort, adult life span, and fecundity in both the overwintering and directly developing generations that maximize geometric mean fitness. The results suggest that natural selection favors the expression of alternative life histories in the alternative developmental pathways even when there is stochastic variation in seasonality, but that trait differentiation is affected by the developmental stage that overwinters. Increasing environmental unpredictability induced a switch to a bet‐hedging type of life history strategy, which is consistent with general life history theory. Bet‐hedging appeared in our study system as reduced expression of the direct development phenotype, with associated changes in life history phenotypes, because the fitness value of direct development is highly variable in uncertain environments. Our main result is that seasonality itself is a key factor promoting the evolution of seasonally polyphenic life histories but that environmental stochasticity may modulate the expression of life history phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami M Kivelä
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden; Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FI-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Panu Välimäki
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FI-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
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21
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Sex-specific mortality costs of dispersal during the post-settlement stage promote male philopatry in a resident passerine. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Bestion E, Clobert J, Cote J. Dispersal response to climate change: scaling down to intraspecific variation. Ecol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis; CNRS USR 2936; F-09200 Moulis France
- UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); ENFA; CNRS; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis; CNRS USR 2936; F-09200 Moulis France
| | - Julien Cote
- UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); ENFA; CNRS; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
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23
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De Roissart A, Wang S, Bonte D. Spatial and spatiotemporal variation in metapopulation structure affects population dynamics in a passively dispersing arthropod. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1565-74. [PMID: 25988264 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variation in the availability of suitable habitat within metapopulations determines colonization-extinction events, regulates local population sizes and eventually affects local population and metapopulation stability. Insights into the impact of such a spatiotemporal variation on the local population and metapopulation dynamics are principally derived from classical metapopulation theory and have not been experimentally validated. By manipulating spatial structure in artificial metapopulations of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, we test to which degree spatial (mainland-island metapopulations) and spatiotemporal variation (classical metapopulations) in habitat availability affects the dynamics of the metapopulations relative to systems where habitat is constantly available in time and space (patchy metapopulations). Our experiment demonstrates that (i) spatial variation in habitat availability decreases variance in metapopulation size and decreases density-dependent dispersal at the metapopulation level, while (ii) spatiotemporal variation in habitat availability increases patch extinction rates, decreases local population and metapopulation sizes and decreases density dependence in population growth rates. We found dispersal to be negatively density dependent and overall low in the spatial variable mainland-island metapopulation. This demographic variation subsequently impacts local and regional population dynamics and determines patterns of metapopulation stability. Both local and metapopulation-level variabilities are minimized in mainland-island metapopulations relative to classical and patchy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies De Roissart
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Burgess SC, Baskett ML, Grosberg RK, Morgan SG, Strathmann RR. When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:867-82. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Drive Tallahassee FL 32308 U.S.A
| | - Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Richard K. Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Steven G. Morgan
- Bodega Marine Laboratory; University of California; 2099 Westside Rd Davis CA 94923 U.S.A
| | - Richard R. Strathmann
- Friday Harbor Laboratories; University of Washington; 620 University Rd Friday Harbor WA 98250 U.S.A
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