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Hostetter NJ, Payton Q, Roby DD, Collis K, Evans AF. Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Hostetter
- U.S. Geological Survey, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Daniel D. Roby
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Ken Collis
- Real Time Research, Inc. Bend Oregon USA
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2
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Futamura R, Morita K, Kanno Y, Kumikawa S, Matsuoka Y, Okuda A, Sugiyama H, Takahashi H, Uchida J, Kishida O. Size-dependent growth tactics of a partially migratory fish before migration. Oecologia 2022; 198:371-379. [PMID: 35064821 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In many migratory species, smaller migrants suffer higher mortality rates during the risky migration. To minimize the size-selective mortality, migrants with smaller body sizes would need to accelerate growth rates or delay migration timing to attain a large enough body size prior to migration. To test these predictions, we investigated size-dependent patterns of growth rates and migration timing of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) before their oceanic migration. We tracked uniquely marked individuals in a study population consisted of oceanic migrants and river-dwelling residents using mark-recapture surveys and PIT-tag antenna-reader system. Data supported our predictions about size-dependent growth rates and migration timing. For approximately 6 months before outmigration (i.e., between the decision of migration and the start of migration), eventual migrants grew more than residents if their initial size was smaller, but such a difference in growth rate diminished for fish with larger initial sizes. In addition, smaller eventual migrants delayed the timing of outmigration compared to larger individuals, to attain a larger body size in the river prior to migration. These results suggest that size-selective mortality during migration has shaped size-dependent patterns of the pre-migration growth in migratory masu salmon. Size-conditional changes in growth rate and duration of pre-migration period may be an adaptive tactic for the migratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Futamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Moshiri, Horokanai, Hokkaido, 074-0741, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kanno
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1474, USA
| | - Shoji Kumikawa
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuoka
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuda
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Jiro Uchida
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan
| | - Osamu Kishida
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan.
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3
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Mauduit F, Segarra A, Mandic M, Todgham AE, Baerwald MR, Schreier AD, Fangue NA, Connon RE. Understanding risks and consequences of pathogen infections on the physiological performance of outmigrating Chinook salmon. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coab102. [PMID: 35492407 PMCID: PMC9040276 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The greatest concentration of at-risk anadromous salmonids is found in California (USA)-the populations that have been negatively impacted by the degradation of freshwater ecosystems. While climate-driven environmental changes threaten salmonids directly, they also change the life cycle dynamics and geographic distribution of pathogens, their resulting host-pathogen interactions and potential for disease progression. Recent studies have established the correlation between pathogen detection and salmonid smolt mortality during their migration to the ocean. The objective of the present study was to screen for up to 47 pathogens in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that were held in cages at two key sites of the Sacramento River (CA, USA) and measure potential consequences on fish health. To do so, we used a combination of transcriptomic analysis, enzymatic assays for energy metabolism and hypoxia and thermal tolerance measures. Results revealed that fish were infected by two myxozoan parasites: Ceratonova shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis within a 2-week deployment. Compared to the control fish maintained in our rearing facility, infected fish displayed reduced body mass, depleted hepatic glycogen stores and differential regulation of genes involved in the immune and general stress responses. This suggests that infected fish would have lower chances of migration success. In contrast, hypoxia and upper thermal tolerances were not affected by infection, suggesting that infection did not impair their capacity to cope with acute abiotic stressors tested in this study. An evaluation of long-term consequences of the observed reduced body mass and hepatic glycogen depletion is needed to establish a causal relationship between salmon parasitic infection and their migration success. This study highlights that to assess the potential sublethal effects of a stressor, or to determine a suitable management action for fish, studies need to consider a combination of endpoints from the molecular to the organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mauduit
- Corresponding author: Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A Segarra
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Mandic
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - M R Baerwald
- California Department of Water Resources, Division of Environmental Services, 95814 Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A D Schreier
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - N A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - R E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
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The Urban River Syndrome: Achieving Sustainability Against a Backdrop of Accelerating Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126406. [PMID: 34199215 PMCID: PMC8296234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have been affecting rivers and other natural systems for millennia. Anthropogenic changes to rivers over the last few centuries led to the accelerating state of decline of coastal and estuarine regions globally. Urban rivers are parts of larger catchment ecosystems, which in turn form parts of wider nested, interconnected systems. Accurate modelling of urban rivers may not be possible because of the complex multisystem interactions operating concurrently and over different spatial and temporal scales. This paper overviews urban river syndrome, the accelerating deterioration of urban river ecology, and outlines growing conservation challenges of river restoration projects. This paper also reviews the river Thames, which is a typical urban river that suffers from growing anthropogenic effects and thus represents all urban rivers of similar type. A particular emphasis is made on ecosystem adaptation, widespread extinctions and the proliferation of non-native species in the urban Thames. This research emphasizes the need for a holistic systems approach to urban river restoration.
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Sherker Z, Pellett K, Atkinson J, Damborg J, Trites A. Pacific Great Blue Herons ( Ardea herodias fannini) consume thousands of juvenile salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.). CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An array of predators that consume juvenile salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861) may account for the poor returns of adult salmon to the Salish Sea. However, the Pacific Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias fannini Chapman, 1901) is rarely listed among the known salmon predators, despite being regularly seen near salmon streams. Investigating heron predation by scanning nesting sites within 35 km of three British Columbia (Canada) rivers for fecal remains containing passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted in >100 000 juvenile salmon from 2008 to 2018 yielded 1205 tags, representing a minimum annual predation rate of 0.3%–1.3% of all juvenile salmon. Most of this predation (99%) was caused by ∼420 adult Pacific Great Blue Herons from three heronries. Correcting for tags defecated outside of the heronry raised the predation rates to 0.7%–3.2%, and was as high as 6% during a year of low river flow. Predation occurs during chick-rearing in late spring and accounts for 4.1%–8.4% of the Pacific Great Blue Heron chick diet. Smaller salmon smolts were significantly more susceptible to Pacific Great Blue Heron predation than larger conspecifics. The proximity of heronries relative to salmon-bearing rivers is likely a good predictor of Pacific Great Blue Heron predation on local salmon runs, and can be monitored to assess coast-wide effects of Pacific Great Blue Herons on salmon recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.T. Sherker
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - K. Pellett
- South Coast Stock Assessment Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3225 Stephenson Point Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1K3, Canada
| | - J. Atkinson
- Vancouver Island Division, British Columbia Conservation Foundation, 105-1885 Boxwood Road, Nanaimo, BC V9S 5X9, Canada
| | - J. Damborg
- Vancouver Island Division, British Columbia Conservation Foundation, 105-1885 Boxwood Road, Nanaimo, BC V9S 5X9, Canada
| | - A.W. Trites
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Furey NB, Bass AL, Miller KM, Li S, Lotto AG, Healy SJ, Drenner SM, Hinch SG. Infected juvenile salmon can experience increased predation during freshwater migration. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201522. [PMID: 33959321 PMCID: PMC8074935 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Predation risk for animal migrants can be impacted by physical condition. Although size- or condition-based selection is often observed, observing infection-based predation is rare due to the difficulties in assessing infectious agents in predated samples. We examined predation of outmigrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in south-central British Columbia, Canada. We used a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) platform to screen for the presence of 17 infectious agents found in salmon and assess 14 host genes associated with viral responses. In one (2014) of the two years assessed (2014 and 2015), the presence of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNv) resulted in 15-26 times greater chance of predation; in 2015 IHNv was absent among all samples, predated or not. Thus, we provide further evidence that infection can impact predation risk in migrants. Some smolts with high IHNv loads also exhibited gene expression profiles consistent with a virus-induced disease state. Nine other infectious agents were observed between the two years, none of which were associated with increased selection by bull trout. In 2014, richness of infectious agents was also associated with greater predation risk. This is a rare demonstration of predator consumption resulting in selection for prey that carry infectious agents. The mechanism by which this selection occurs is not yet determined. By culling infectious agents from migrant populations, fish predators could provide an ecological benefit to prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B. Furey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Arthur L. Bass
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristi M. Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, Canada
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Lotto
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Healy
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, 4160 Marine Dr., West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S. Matthew Drenner
- Stillwater Sciences, 555 W. Fifth St, 35th floor, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Sorel MH, Zabel RW, Johnson DS, Wargo Rub AM, Converse SJ. Estimating population‐specific predation effects on Chinook salmon via data integration. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Sorel
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Richard W. Zabel
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
| | - Devin S. Johnson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
| | | | - Sarah J. Converse
- U.S. Geological Survey Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) & School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS) University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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Nelson BW, Shelton AO, Anderson JH, Ford MJ, Ward EJ. Ecological implications of changing hatchery practices for Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Nelson
- Contractor to the Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle Washington 98112 USA
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Andrew O. Shelton
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle Washington 98112 USA
| | - Joseph H. Anderson
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife P.O. Box 43200 Olympia Washington 98504‐3200 USA
| | - Michael J. Ford
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle Washington 98112 USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle Washington 98112 USA
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9
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Myrvold KM, Kennedy BP. Shifts in Great Blue Heron Habitat use Following Nest Site Usurpation: Implications for Salmonids. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-179.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Patrick Kennedy
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
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Furey NB, Hinch SG, Bass AL, Middleton CT, Minke-Martin V, Lotto AG. Predator swamping reduces predation risk during nocturnal migration of juvenile salmon in a high-mortality landscape. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:948-59. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B. Furey
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Arthur L. Bass
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Collin T. Middleton
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Vanessa Minke-Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Andrew G. Lotto
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Emblidge PG, Nussear KE, Esque TC, Aiello CM, Walde AD. Severe mortality of a population of threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoises: the American badger as a potential predator. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Furey NB, Hinch SG, Lotto AG, Beauchamp DA. Extensive feeding on sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus during initial outmigration into a small, unregulated and inland British Columbia river. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:392-401. [PMID: 25494841 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stomach contents were collected and analysed from 22 bull trout Salvelinus confluentus at the edge of the Chilko Lake and Chilko River in British Columbia, Canada, during spring outmigration of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts. Twenty of the 22 (>90%) stomachs contained prey items, virtually all identifiable prey items were outmigrant O. nerka smolts and stomach contents represented a large portion (0·0-12·6%) of estimated S. confluentus mass. The results demonstrate nearly exclusive and intense feeding by S. confluentus on outmigrant smolts, and support recent telemetry observations of high disappearance rates of O. nerka smolts leaving large natural lake systems prior to entering high-order unregulated river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Furey
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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