1
|
Walker HE, Wamser-Nanney R. Revictimization Risk Factors Following Childhood Maltreatment: A Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2319-2332. [PMID: 35476548 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221093692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Revictimization research, to date, has primarily focused on sexual revictimization (i.e., child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault), which has resulted in a lack of understanding of trauma revictimization more generally. Specifically, it is unclear what factors are placing individuals with a history of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing intimate partner violence [IPV]) at greater risk for subsequent adult victimization (i.e., sexual assault and IPV). Existing theoretical and empirical work on revictimization suggest that multiple risk factors are likely present within this framework (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], emotion dysregulation, and risk-taking behaviors). Prior research has suggested that PTSS are often linked with these other risk factors, and it is possible that the development of PTSS following child maltreatment may be related to the development or maintenance of additional factors that increase the likelihood of revictimization. The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings regarding risk factors that place maltreated individuals at greater risk for adult revictimization. Approximately 228 studies were identified following a thorough search of the peer-reviewed literature using multiple databases (PsycINFO, PILOTS, and Google Scholar). Each study was critically analyzed for relevance. The included studies were used in our review of prevalence, specific risk factors that have been identified, and unanswered questions in this literature. PTSS were noted to be particularly important in the revictimization framework, and thus, a novel model of revictimization was also proposed where PTSS are illustrated as being associated with the development and maintenance of other factors within the revictimization framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Walker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Wamser-Nanney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fournier LF, Pathak N, Hoffmann AM, Verona E. A Comparison of Sexual Minority and Heterosexual College Students on Gendered Sexual Scripts and Sexual Coercion Perpetration. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6167-6194. [PMID: 36305550 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221130389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prior work has identified endorsement of gendered sexual script beliefs as predictive of sexual coercion perpetration among heterosexual individuals, primarily men. This research is lacking among sexual minority individuals and may be important in informing inclusive and effective sexual coercion prevention efforts. The current study sought to (1) assess the level of adherence to gendered sexual script beliefs, (2) report relative rates of general sexual coercion and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV), and (3) examine the relationship between gendered sexual script beliefs and self-reported sexually coercive behavior among sexual minority and heterosexual college men and women. Undergraduate students (n = 1,199; 182 sexual minorities) completed self-report measures assessing gendered sexual script beliefs, sexual coercion perpetration, and sexual IPV. Results from Gender × Sexual Minority group ANOVAs and logistic regression analyses indicated similar rates of perpetration across sexual orientation groups, with men overall reporting the most perpetration. Furthermore, men and heterosexual individuals adhered more strongly to gendered sexual scripts than women and sexual minority individuals, respectively. Results of path models revealed no moderation by sexual orientation, and that adherence to gendered sexual scripts was positively related to sexual IPV perpetration among the full sample of heterosexual and nonheterosexual individuals, though this effect was small. Gendered sexual scripts did not significantly relate to general sexual coercion perpetration among the full sample, suggesting that traditional sexual script beliefs may not be as relevant to perpetration in a contemporary college sample. This study adds to limited literature on sexual coercion perpetration among sexual minority individuals and is an important step in understanding relationships between endorsement of gendered sexual script beliefs and sexual coercion perpetration among sexual minority and heterosexual college students.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cannon LM, Munro-Kramer ML, Scheiman L, Bailey JM, Parrish D, Ernst SD. Patient satisfaction with Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner services and post-assault resource utilization at a university health center and emergency department. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:562-570. [PMID: 33830900 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1898407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Describe a model for incorporating campus-based Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) services. Describe differences in patient satisfaction and utilization of follow-up resources between patients seeking SANE services at a university health center (UHC) compared to an emergency department (ED). Participants: Patients seeking SANE services at the UHC or ED of a large Midwestern university from January 2016-April 2018. Fifty-eight participants completed a satisfaction survey, including 28 students. Twenty-eight participants completed a follow-up survey, including 15 students. Methods: A Qualtrics survey assessed: 1) satisfaction following the SANE exam and 2) use of follow-up services 4-6 weeks later. Descriptive analyses, exact logistic regressions, and OLS regressions were calculated. Results: There were no differences in satisfaction, services received, or follow-up services accessed between patients at the UHC and ED, including between students. Conclusions: Campus-based SANE services meet the expectations of survivors and do not differ significantly from services at the ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Cannon
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Lisa Scheiman
- Michigan Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joanne M Bailey
- Michigan Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Women's Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diana Parrish
- University of Michigan University Health Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan D Ernst
- Michigan Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan University Health Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pazienza R, Martin JL, Wegner R, McAndrew LM, Carey C, Blumenthal H, Ham LS. BYSTANDER INTERVENTION AMONG DRINKING GAMERS Bystander Intervention Among College Student Drinking Gamers: Sexual Assault Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Intent to Intervene. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP23443-NP23467. [PMID: 35337214 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221078816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy drinking and sexual assault warrant significant concern on U.S. college campuses as emerging evidence suggests that the risk for sexual victimization is amplified in the context of high-risk drinking behavior. Despite recent attention to sexual assault (e.g., MeToo Movement), rates of perpetration remain largely unchanged. In applying the bystander intervention framework, our understanding of the relation between key factors that may facilitate or prevent behavioral action, or when and how these factors are most salient, is limited. The present study examined whether bystander attitudes and bystander self-efficacy interact to predict bystander intent to intervene. Hypotheses were tested among college student drinking gamers, a group at particular risk for involvement in situations of sexual violence. Participants (N = 964) were traditional college-aged student drinking gamers recruited from three universities across the East and Southern Central United States. After controlling for Greek affiliation, prior intervention training and social desirability, hypotheses were partially supported. Higher rape supportive attitudes (rape myth acceptance) were negatively associated with bystander intent to intervene across all participants, but bystander self-efficacy significantly moderated the relation between bystander attitudes (rape myth acceptance) and bystander intent to intervene only among women college student drinking gamers. The interaction effect was not significant among men. For all participants, there was a significant relation between bystander self-efficacy and bystander intent to intervene such that as self-efficacy increases, bystander intent to intervene increases. The discussion addresses implications for sexual assault prevention programs on college campuses and directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhiana Wegner
- University of Massachusetts - Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Testa M. What Are the Chances? Perceived Risk of Sexual Victimization for Self and Others Among College Women. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:141-162. [PMID: 35165164 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-20-00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Awareness of vulnerability to a negative outcome is considered a necessary first step to risk reduction and prevention behaviors. Accordingly, sexual assault awareness programs have sought to inform college students of the prevalence of college sexual victimization and the risk factors that contribute. The goal of the current study was to consider the degree to which incoming college freshman women recognize their risk of experiencing sexual victimization and to examine whether risk factors such as alcohol use contribute to those perceived chances. Freshman women (N = 252) were recruited via email early in the Fall semester to participate in an online survey. As expected, women perceived their own chances of sexual victimization (21.4%) to be lower than those of the average freshman at the same university (43.7%). Prior sexual victimization, typical drinking, and expected hookups predicted higher perceived risk of being victimized. Only prior victimization predicted higher perceived risk of sexual victimization for others. On average, freshman women acknowledge their substantial risk of experiencing sexual victimization during their first year of college and overestimate the chances that others will be victimized. Findings show high awareness of sexual assault and its risk factors among college students but point toward a need for prevention that goes beyond education and awareness campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hubach RD, Story CR, Currin JM, Woods A, Jayne A, Jayne C. "What Should Sex Look Like?" Students' Desires for Expanding University Sexual Assault Prevention Programs to Include Comprehensive Sex Education. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:1967-1977. [PMID: 31018816 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319844502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rates of sexual assault and sexual violence among college-aged adults are much higher than the national rates of sexual assault and sexual violence. Therefore, reduction and prevention of sexual violence among university students is critical and is consistent with national public health priorities. Often times, messages to students focus only on sexual assault and omit larger notions of sexual health. Four focus groups with a total of 24 participants (nine men, 15 women) highlighted three main perceptions about the sexual assault programming offered at this large university: themes of resistance to traditional programming, a need for holistic sexual health programming, and a desire to have an environment, which normalizes conversations surrounding sex, sexuality, and sexual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randolph D Hubach
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chandra R Story
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Audrey Woods
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ashlee Jayne
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fantasia HC, Sutherland MA, Hutchinson MK. Lifetime and Recent Experiences of Violence Among College Women. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2018; 14:190-197. [PMID: 30080710 PMCID: PMC6237644 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are serious issues for female college students. Approximately one third of women have experienced physical violence or SV in their lifetime. Female college students experience high rates of both IPV and SV. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe the experiences of violence and associated factors reported by college women. METHODS This secondary analysis included data from a cross-sectional study focused on IPV/SV screening in college health centers. Random samples of female undergraduate students, aged 18-25 years, from five participating universities in the northeastern United States were contacted via email and invited to participate in the study. Eight hundred seventy-three young women met the inclusion criteria and completed survey measures. RESULTS More than half (52%, n = 457) of female undergraduate students reported having experienced at least one episode of violence in their lifetime. Almost 12% reported experiencing IPV or SV during the preceding semester. For women reporting recent experiences of violence, forced unwanted sexual activities accounted for nearly half of all reported episodes of violence (n = 46). Heavier alcohol drinking on the weekends was correlated with reports of forced sex. DISCUSSION The results highlight the prevalence of past and recent IPV/SV and increased risk among college women. Further research is needed to identify risk factors of both victimization and perpetration and the milieu of risk on college campuses. Forensic nurses should be key stakeholders in the development and implementation of interventions for violence education, screening, and referral.
Collapse
|
8
|
Blayney JA, Jenzer T, Read JP, Livingston JA, Testa M. Enlisting friends to reduce sexual victimization risk: There's an app for that… but nobody uses it. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:767-773. [PMID: 29488831 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1446439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Circle of Six (Co6) phone application (app), winner of the White House's Apps Against Abuse Challenge, seeks to incorporate friends into sexual victimization risk reduction. Despite its growing presence on college campuses, the feasibility/acceptability of the app to college women is unknown. This mixed methods study sought to fill this gap. PARTICIPANTS College women (n = 44) participated in summer/fall 2015. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires, used the Co6 app for 2 months, and returned to report their experiences. RESULTS Consistent with the app's aim, women reported greater intentions to help friends versus strangers in sexually aggressive situations. However, app use was low over follow-up. Reasons women gave for not using the app included redundancy with existing smart phone features and discomfort with group messaging. Some saw the app as an emergency only resource. CONCLUSIONS The Co6 app may not meet the real world needs of college women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Blayney
- a Department of Psychology , The State University of New York, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Tiffany Jenzer
- a Department of Psychology , The State University of New York, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Jennifer P Read
- a Department of Psychology , The State University of New York, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Jennifer A Livingston
- b University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Research Institute on Addictions , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Maria Testa
- b University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Research Institute on Addictions , Buffalo , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neilson EC, Bird ER, Metzger IW, George WH, Norris J, Gilmore AK. Understanding sexual assault risk perception in college: Associations among sexual assault history, drinking to cope, and alcohol use. Addict Behav 2018; 78:178-186. [PMID: 29179154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual assault history and alcohol use are associated with higher likelihood of subsequent sexual assault. Alcohol use and drinking to cope are associated with re-assault, but it is unclear whether these factors are associated with malleable constructs like sexual assault risk perception. This study examined typical weekly drinking and drinking to cope motive as factors underlying the association between sexual assault history and risk perception. METHODS Both perceived likelihood of experiencing incapacitated sexual assault and when to leaving a hypothetical sexual assault scenario were assessed as indicators of sexual assault risk perception. 660 female college students recruited from psychology courses completed questionnaires online. RESULTS Results revealed that sexual assault history severity was positively associated with perceived incapacitated sexual assault likelihood and when to leave a risky scenario. Drinking to cope with anxiety was positively associated with perceived incapacitated sexual assault likelihood. Among women who reported regular drinking, typical weekly drinking was positively associated with when to leave a risky scenario, such that women who reported more weekly drinks stayed in a potentially risky scenario longer than women who reported fewer weekly drinks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alcohol use and drinking to cope with anxiety are associated with risk perception. Sexual assault history was associated with both perceived incapacitated sexual assault likelihood and when to leave a hypothetical scenario. Alcohol use and drinking to cope are two potential points of intervention for sexual assault risk reduction programs, but further examination is needed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fedina L, Holmes JL, Backes BL. Campus Sexual Assault: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Research From 2000 to 2015. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2018; 19:76-93. [PMID: 26906086 DOI: 10.1177/1524838016631129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault is a pervasive problem on university and college campuses in the United States that has garnered growing national attention, particularly in the past year. This is the first study to systematically review and synthesize prevalence findings from studies on campus sexual assault (CSA) published since 2000 ( n = 34). The range of prevalence findings for specific forms of sexual victimization on college campuses (i.e., forcible rape, unwanted sexual contact, incapacitated rape, sexual coercion, and studies' broad definitions of CSA/rape) is provided, and methodological strengths and limitations in the empirical body of research on CSA are discussed. Prevalence findings, research design, methodology, sampling techniques, and measures, including the forms of sexual victimization measured, are presented and evaluated across studies. Findings suggest that unwanted sexual contact appears to be most prevalent on college campuses, including sexual coercion, followed by incapacitated rape, and completed or attempted forcible rape. Additionally, several studies measured broad constructs of sexual assault that typically include combined forms of college-based sexual victimization (i.e., forcible completed or attempted rape, unwanted sexual contact, and/or sexual coercion). Extensive variability exists within findings for each type of sexual victimization measured, including those that broadly measure sexual assault, which is largely explained by differences in sampling strategies and overall study designs as well as measures of sexual assault used in studies. Implications for findings and recommendations for future research on the prevalence of college-based sexual victimization are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fedina
- 1 National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, USA
- 2 School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Lynne Holmes
- 1 National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, USA
- 3 College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mellins CA, Walsh K, Sarvet AL, Wall M, Gilbert L, Santelli JS, Thompson M, Wilson PA, Khan S, Benson S, Bah K, Kaufman KA, Reardon L, Hirsch JS. Sexual assault incidents among college undergraduates: Prevalence and factors associated with risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186471. [PMID: 29117226 PMCID: PMC5695602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual assault on college campuses is a public health issue. However varying research methodologies (e.g., different sexual assault definitions, measures, assessment timeframes) and low response rates hamper efforts to define the scope of the problem. To illuminate the complexity of campus sexual assault, we collected survey data from a large population-based random sample of undergraduate students from Columbia University and Barnard College in New York City, using evidence based methods to maximize response rates and sample representativeness, and behaviorally specific measures of sexual assault to accurately capture victimization rates. This paper focuses on student experiences of different types of sexual assault victimization, as well as sociodemographic, social, and risk environment correlates. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to estimate prevalences and test associations. Since college entry, 22% of students reported experiencing at least one incident of sexual assault (defined as sexualized touching, attempted penetration [oral, anal, vaginal, other], or completed penetration). Women and gender nonconforming students reported the highest rates (28% and 38%, respectively), although men also reported sexual assault (12.5%). Across types of assault and gender groups, incapacitation due to alcohol and drug use and/or other factors was the perpetration method reported most frequently (> 50%); physical force (particularly for completed penetration in women) and verbal coercion were also commonly reported. Factors associated with increased risk for sexual assault included non-heterosexual identity, difficulty paying for basic necessities, fraternity/sorority membership, participation in more casual sexual encounters (“hook ups”) vs. exclusive/monogamous or no sexual relationships, binge drinking, and experiencing sexual assault before college. High rates of re-victimization during college were reported across gender groups. Our study is consistent with prevalence findings previously reported. Variation in types of assault and methods of perpetration experienced across gender groups highlight the need to develop prevention strategies tailored to specific risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude A. Mellins
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Sociomedical Sciences, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kate Walsh
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aaron L. Sarvet
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melanie Wall
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John S. Santelli
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martie Thompson
- Department of Youth, Family, and Community Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Wilson
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shamus Khan
- Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Benson
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Sociomedical Sciences, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karimata Bah
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathy A. Kaufman
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leigh Reardon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Hirsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Untied AS, Orchowski LM, Lazar V. College men's and women's respective perceptions of risk to perpetrate or experience sexual assault: the role of alcohol use and expectancies. Violence Against Women 2014; 19:903-23. [PMID: 23955932 DOI: 10.1177/1077801213498216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines alcohol use, expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the outcomes of alcohol consumption), and college men's (n = 127) and women's (n = 191) respective perceptions of risk to perpetrate/experience sexual violence. Interactions between alcohol consumption and expectancies were examined. Alcohol expectancies regarding assertiveness increased women's perceived risk for sexual intercourse via alcohol/drugs. Among women reporting high alcohol use, global expectancies were positively associated with perceived risk for sexual intercourse via alcohol/drugs. Furthermore, among women reporting low alcohol use, expectancies regarding assertiveness were positively associated with perceived risk for coerced sexual contact. Implications are discussed.
Collapse
|