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Sarkhani N, Negarandeh R, Heshmatian ME. Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the attitude scale for cancer screening. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2068. [PMID: 37872519 PMCID: PMC10591362 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual attitude is an essential component in facilitating people's participation in adopting cancer screening behaviors. People's attitudes toward cancer screening should be evaluated with a valid and reliable scale. Therefore, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the attitude scale for cancer screening. METHOD In this psychometric study, the Farsi version of the attitude scale for cancer screening was prepared from English to Farsi using the Backward-Forward method. Then content, face, and construct validity, plus reliability, was evaluated by Internal Consistency and Stability methods. Construct validity was investigated using Exploratory Factor Analysis with a sample of 246 adults referring to health centers in the south of Tehran. Data analysis was done using SPSS V24 software. RESULTS All items received an acceptable Content Validity Ratio. The content Validity Index was confirmed for all items with a value greater than 0.79. In the qualitative review of content and face validity, all items were confirmed. Unlike the original version of the scale, which was a single factor, the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated the existence of 2 factors explaining 63.84% of the total variance of the scale. Reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.88, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the entire scale was calculated for scale reliability using the single-rating, absolute-agreement, 2-way mixed-effects method as 0.84. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the attitude scale for cancer screening with two factors (Willing Attitude and Unwilling Attitude). Therefore, it can be a suitable and valid scale to evaluate the attitude of the community for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeimeh Sarkhani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ehsan Heshmatian
- Research Center for Cognitive & Behavioral Sciences in Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
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Özdemir Ü, Kartın PT, Kalyoncuo S. Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards Cancer, Cancer Prevention, and Early Diagnosis Behaviors Among Cancer Patient Relatives. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:639-662. [PMID: 37758957 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Attitudes towards cancer may affect the cancer prevention behaviors of cancer patients' relatives and their participation in cancer screening. Knowing the factors affecting attitudes will shed light on the education programs to be planned to encourage individuals to gain a positive attitude towards cancer and positive health behaviors in cancer prevention. Determining the behaviors towards cancer prevention and cancer screening, identifying reasons that prevent participation in cancer screening, determining the factors associated with the attitudes of cancer patients' relatives towards cancer, determining the factors affecting their attitudes towards cancer of cancer patients' relatives, can increase the awareness of healthcare professionals and patient relatives on the subject. The aim of the present study was to determine cancer prevention and early diagnosis behavior and the factors affecting the attitudes of towards cancer of cancer patient relatives. The descriptive and analytical study was completed with 321 relatives of cancer patients. The data were collected by the face-to-face interview method. The interview was conducted in a quiet place, alone with the participant, using a clear and simple language, allowing people to speak freely, and avoiding criticism and evaluation. About half of the participants smoked (49.5%), many did not do regular physical activity (67.3%) or protect themselves from the sun (77.3%), and only 10.9% had regular screening tests. The reasons for not having a screening test were ignorance, disregard, lack of complaints, and fear. Acording to binary logistic regression analysis, the determinants included factors of negative attitudes toward cancer with the age of the patient (Exp(β): 1.024), low education level (Exp(β): 2.572), being the child (Exp(β): 8.484) or sibling (Exp(β): 8.801) of the patient, not being protected from the sun (Exp(β): 2.063), and not doing physical activity (Exp(β): 1.744). Even for those having positive health behaviors, such as not smoking (Exp(β): 2.008) and using sun protection (Exp(β): 2.280), the attitudes towards cancer were negative for the Impossible to Recover sub-dimension. Cancer prevention behaviors and regular participation in cancer screening of cancer patients' relatives were very low. It was determined that low education level, increasing age of the patient, and the degree of relation to the patient negatively affected attitudes towards cancer, and that there was a need for education. We believe that the results of the present study will contribute to evidence-based practice for cancer prevention and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Özdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Tekinsoy Kartın
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Servet Kalyoncuo
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38000, Kayseri, Turkey
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Tatar O, Haward B, Zhu P, Griffin-Mathieu G, Perez S, McBride E, Lofters AK, Smith LW, Mayrand MH, Daley EM, Brotherton JML, Zimet GD, Rosberger Z. Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1206-1219. [PMID: 36661742 PMCID: PMC9858121 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The disrupted introduction of the HPV-based cervical screening program in several jurisdictions has demonstrated that the attitudes and beliefs of screening-eligible persons are critically implicated in the success of program implementation (including the use of self-sampling). As no up-to-date and validated measures exist measuring attitudes and beliefs towards HPV testing and self-sampling, this study aimed to develop and validate two scales measuring these factors. In October-November 2021, cervical screening-eligible Canadians participated in a web-based survey. In total, 44 items related to HPV testing and 13 items related to HPV self-sampling attitudes and beliefs were included in the survey. For both scales, the optimal number of factors was identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis. Item Response Theory (IRT) was applied within each factor to select items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess model fit. After data cleaning, 1027 responses were analyzed. The HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS) had four factors, and twenty-two items were retained after item reduction. The HPV Self-sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HSABS) had two factors and seven items were retained. CFA showed a good model fit for both final scales. The developed scales will be a valuable resource to examine attitudes and beliefs in anticipation of, and to evaluate, HPV test-based cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Tatar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ben Haward
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Patricia Zhu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Griffin-Mathieu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Samara Perez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Emily McBride
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Aisha K. Lofters
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B3, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département d’Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ellen M. Daley
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Julia M. L. Brotherton
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VI 3010, Australia
- Population Health, Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, VI 3053, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Zimet
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zeev Rosberger
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI), Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Griffin-Mathieu G, Haward B, Tatar O, Zhu P, Perez S, Shapiro GK, McBride E, Thompson EL, Smith LW, Lofters AK, Daley EM, Guichon JR, Waller J, Steben M, Decker KM, Mayrand MH, Brotherton JML, Ogilvie GS, Zimet GD, Norris T, Rosberger Z. Ensuring a successful transition from Pap to HPV-based primary cervical cancer screening in Canada by investigating the psychosocial correlates of women’s intentions: Protocol for an observational study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38917. [PMID: 35708742 PMCID: PMC9247817 DOI: 10.2196/38917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Griffin-Mathieu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ben Haward
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Tatar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Zhu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samara Perez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cedars Cancer Center, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- HPV Global Action, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilla K Shapiro
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika L Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Aisha K Lofters
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen M Daley
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Juliet R Guichon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jo Waller
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Steben
- HPV Global Action, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Decker
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Helene Mayrand
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département d'obstétrique-gynécologie, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia M L Brotherton
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gina S Ogilvie
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory D Zimet
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Zeev Rosberger
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- HPV Global Action, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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