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Conte G, Pacino SA, Urso S, Greiling D, Caponnetto P, Pedullà E, Generali L, Consolo U, Checchi V, Gospodaru S, Bordeniuc G, Fala V, Kowalski J, Nowak M, Górska R, Amaliya A, Chapple I, Milward M, Maclure R, Nardi GM, Polosa R. Changes in Oral Health and Dental Esthetic in Smokers Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Alternatives: Protocol for a Multicenter and Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53222. [PMID: 38393754 PMCID: PMC10924261 DOI: 10.2196/53222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of conventional combustible cigarettes on oral health and dental esthetics are well known, there is limited information about the long-term impact of combustion-free nicotine alternatives (C-F NA) such as e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products. OBJECTIVE This multicenter, prospective, 3-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate whether switching from combustible cigarettes to C-F NA will lead to measurable improvements in oral health parameters and dental esthetics over 18 months in adult smokers with limited gum disease. METHODS Regular smokers not intending to quit and without clinical signs of periodontitis will be randomly assigned (1:4 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (control group; arm A) or C-F NA use (intervention group; arm B). The study will also include a reference group of never smokers (reference group; arm C). The primary end point is the change in the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) score from baseline between the control arm (arm A) and the intervention arm (arm B) at the 18-month follow-up. In addition, the study will analyze the within- and between-group (arms A, B, and C) changes in MGI assessment, plaque imaging, dental shade quantitation, tooth stain scores, and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires measured at each study time point. All participants will attend a total of 7 clinic visits: screening, enrollment, and randomization (visit 0); baseline visit-day 14 (visit 1); day 90 (visit 2); day 180 (visit 3); day 360 (visit 4); and day 540 (visit 5). This multicenter study will be conducted in 4 dental clinics in 4 countries. The statistical analysis will involve descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical data. Primary end points will undergo tests for normality and, based on distribution, either a 2-sided t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Linear mixed model with random factors center and study arms by center will also be applied. Secondary end points, including MGI assessment and quality of life, will be subjected to similar tests and comparisons. Only if one value of the parameter MGI is missing after day 1, the last available observation will be carried forward. The analysis will be performed on the substituted data. Secondary parameters will not have missing value replacement. RESULTS Participant recruitment began in October 2021, and enrollment was completed in June 2023. Results will be reported in 2025. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study to provide key insights into oral health benefits or risks associated with using C-F NA in smokers who are seeking alternatives to cigarette smoking. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04649645; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649645. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53222.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastiano Antonio Pacino
- Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Urso
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amaliya Amaliya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Milward
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Maclure
- R Maclure Clinical Research Ltd, Irby, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ben-Eltriki M, Ahmadi AR, Nakao Y, Golla K, Lakschevitz F, Häkkinen L, Granville DJ, Kim H. Granzyme B promotes matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) release from gingival fibroblasts in a PAR1- and Erk1/2-dependent manner: A novel role in periodontal inflammation. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:94-103. [PMID: 37873693 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insights into how proteases signal to connective tissues cells in the periodontium. BACKGROUND The connective tissue degradation observed in periodontitis is largely due to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by gingival fibroblasts. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease whose role in periodontitis is undefined. METHODS Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from sites with periodontal disease and healthy control sites. GzmB was quantified in the GCF ([GzmB]GCF ) by ELISA. Gingival fibroblasts (GF) were cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant GzmB. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA to quantify GzmB-induced release of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1). In some experiments, cells were pre-treated with the inhibitor PD98059 to block MEK/ERK signaling. The protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) was blocked with ATAP-2 neutralizing antibody prior to GzmB stimulation. Systemic MMP-1 levels were measured in plasma from wild-type (WT) and granzyme-B-knockout (GzmB-/- ) mice. RESULTS The [GzmB]GCF in human samples was ~4-5 fold higher at sites of periodontal disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) compared to healthy control sites, suggesting an association between GzmB and localized matrix degradation. GzmB induced a ~4-5-fold increase in MMP-1 secretion by cultured fibroblasts. GzmB induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2, which was abrogated by PD98059. GzmB-induced upregulation of MMP-1 secretion was also reduced by PD98059. Blockade of PAR-1 function by ATAP-2 abrogated the increase in MMP-1 secretion by GF. Circulating MMP-1 was similar in WT and GzmB-/- mice, suggesting that GzmB's effects on MMP-1 release are not reflected systemically. CONCLUSION These data point to a novel GzmB-driven signaling pathway in fibroblasts in which MMP-1 secretion is upregulated in a PAR1- and Erk1/2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Ahmadi
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuya Nakao
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kalyan Golla
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Flavia Lakschevitz
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Knapp M, Skutnik-Radziszewska A, Maciejczyk M. Could inflammation contribute to salivary gland dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005981. [PMID: 36300113 PMCID: PMC9589450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. HF results not only in cardiovascular dysfunction, but also numerous pathologies in the oral cavity and salivary glands. The present study is the first to evaluate whether salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors may be related with the occurrence of hyposalivation in HF patients. We also evaluated the potential of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of HF. The study included 30 women with HF and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. We demonstrated significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, Th1, Th2, Th17, chemokines and growth factors in unstimulated saliva of HF patients compared to controls. However, the results do not indicate dominance of either branch of the immune response. The concentration of selected biomarkers is significantly higher in patients with HF and salivary gland dysfunction compared to patients with normal saliva secretion and healthy subjects (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-7, IL-13, INF-γ, IL-12, IL-15, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, MCP-1/CCL-2, EOTAXIN/CCL11, RANTES/CCL5, GM-CSF, VEGF, FGF basic, PDFG-BB). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines and growth factors is highly dependent on salivary gland function, i.e. salivary flow rate, total protein content and amylase activity. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we showed that salivary TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-12 and EOTAXIN/CCL11 differentiated patients with HF and hyposalivation with the highest sensitivity and specificity compared to patients with normal salivary secretion and controls. Interestingly, the content of some pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in saliva significantly exceeds their concentration in plasma. In addition, salivary biomarker levels do not reflect their plasma content, which may suggest a different nature/severity of inflammatory changes at the central (blood) and local (salivary) levels. Although our study was purely observational, the significantly higher concentration of inflammatory parameters in saliva compared to plasma, as well as the lack of saliva-blood correlation, may suggest increased production/secretion of these compounds in salivary cells of HF patients. ROC analysis did not confirm the diagnostic utility of salivary cytokines and chemokines in the differential diagnosis of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk,
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Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111847. [PMID: 34829718 PMCID: PMC8614839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases.
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Chen F, Cheng Y, Xie T. Oral Health Status of Young People Infected with HIV in High Epidemic Area of China. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:831-837. [PMID: 33907411 PMCID: PMC8068514 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s301236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to understand the oral hygiene habits and oral health status of young people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Henan province of China. Methods Randomized stratified cluster sampling strategy was used to select young people who were receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HARRT) from 6 towns. A total of 104 participants were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, adolescence group and young adult group. By face-to-face oral interview and examination, well-trained dentists collected general information, oral hygiene habits and oral health status of the participants. Results Fifty-eight of them were adolescence group and 46 of them were young adult group. In two groups, most of them brushed their teeth once a day (55.20%, 67.40%), and half of them basically brushed their teeth for 2 minutes (51.7%, 50.0%). Majority of participants did not use dental floss (93.1%,91.3%) and also never visited a dentist (81%,78.3%). One-third of participants had spontaneous bleeding, and about half of them had gingival bleeding when brushed their teeth. The most frequent mucosal disease was oral ulcers. Moreover, the prevalence of caries remained very high in both groups, which was 82.76% and 84.8%, respectively. Most of the participants in both groups had low education level and received less than 9 years of education (65.5%, 63%). Conclusion The participants had poor oral hygiene habits. The economic and education level may associate with the awareness of oral health and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewu Cheng
- Shangcai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhumadian, Henan, 463800, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansheng Xie
- Zhejiang Sino-German Institute of Life Science and Healthcare, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
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Wirth R, Maróti G, Lipták L, Mester M, Al Ayoubi A, Pap B, Madléna M, Minárovits J, Kovács KL. Microbiomes in supragingival biofilms and saliva of adolescents with gingivitis and gingival health. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2000-2014. [PMID: 33876475 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important alterations exist in the microbiomes of supragingival biofilm and saliva samples from adolescent patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis relative to healthy controls. These and the relationships to dental health are not fully understood yet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Supragingival biofilm samples (n = 36) were collected from the teeth of 9 adolescents with gingivitis induced by orthodontic appliances, as well as dental plaques (n = 40) from 10 adolescents with spontaneous gingivitis, in addition to similar samples (n = 36) from 9 healthy controls. The bacterial metagenomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing. The data sets were examined using advanced bioinformatics workflows and two reference databases. RESULTS The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively among the three study groups. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Treponema, and Campylobacter were prominently higher in gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. CONCLUSIONS The abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lídia Lipták
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Mester
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Ayoubi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Madléna
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Minárovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Knapp M, Sawicki R, Ładny JR, Maciejczyk M. Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Is Aggravated by Nitrosative Stress, as Well as Oxidation and Glycation of Proteins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 33477706 PMCID: PMC7831926 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (HF) is an important clinical, social, and economic problem. A key role in HF progression is played by oxidative stress. Free oxygen radicals, formed under the conditions of hypoxia and reperfusion, participate in myocardial stunning and other forms of post-reperfusion damage. HF patients also suffer from disorders connected with saliva secretion. However, still little is known about the mechanisms that impair the secretory function of salivary glands in these patients. In the presented study, we were the first to compare the antioxidant barrier, protein glycoxidation, and nitrosative/nitrative stress in non-stimulated (non-stimulated whole saliva (NWS)) and stimulated (SWS) saliva of HF patients. The study included 50 HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion (n = 27) and hyposalivation (HS) (n = 23), as well as an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 50). We demonstrated that, in NWS of HF patients with HS, the concentration of low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants decreased (↓total polyphenols, ↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione, ↓albumin) compared to HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion, as well as the control group (except albumin). We also observed increased content of protein glycoxidation products (↑dityrosine, ↑kynurenine, ↑glycophore) in NWS and SWS of HF patients with HS compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine, and glycophore in NWS was also significantly higher in HF patients with HS compared to those with NS secretion. The concentration of NO was considerably lower, while the levels of peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of HF subjects with HS compared to the controls. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic HF with the submandibular salivary glands being the least efficient. Oxidative/nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of salivary gland secretory function in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Sawicki
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland
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Quandalle C, Boillot A, Fournier B, Garrec P, DE LA Dure-Molla M, Kerner S. Gingival inflammation, enamel defects, and tooth sensitivity in children with amelogenesis imperfecta: a case-control study. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200170. [PMID: 32997085 PMCID: PMC7521421 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival conditions and tooth sensitivity of young patients with amelogenesis imperfecta lack in depth studies. This case-control study aimed to compare (1) the gingival inflammation, the presence of enamel defects, and tooth sensitivity in young patients with and without amelogenesis imperfecta and (2) to investigate if any difference exists between subtypes of amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Quandalle
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, O-Rares, Reference center for Oral and Dental Rare Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Boillot
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, O-Rares, Reference center for Oral and Dental Rare Diseases, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Garrec
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, O-Rares, Reference center for Oral and Dental Rare Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Muriel DE LA Dure-Molla
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, O-Rares, Reference center for Oral and Dental Rare Diseases, Paris, France.,Institut IMAGINE, INSERM UMR S1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Kerner
- Université de Paris, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, O-Rares, Reference center for Oral and Dental Rare Diseases, Paris, France.,Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France.,Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Sawicki R, Knapp M, Maciejczyk M. Salivary Oxidative Stress Increases With the Progression of Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E769. [PMID: 32178375 PMCID: PMC7141370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant barrier, and oxidative damage in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as plasma/erythrocytes of 50 patients with chronic heart failure (HF) divided into the two subgroups: NYHA II (33 patients) and NYHA III (17 patients). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was statistically increased in NWS of HF patients as compared to healthy controls. The free radical formation, total oxidant status, level of uric acid, advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde was significantly elevated in NWS, SWS, and plasma of NYHA III patients as compared to NYHA II and controls. We were the first to demonstrate that with the progression of HF, disturbances of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids occur at both central (plasma/erythrocytes) and local (saliva) levels. In the study group, we also observed a decrease in saliva secretion, total salivary protein and salivary amylase activity compared to age- and gender-matched control group, which indicates secretory dysfunction of salivary glands in patients with HF. Salivary AGE may be a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Robert Sawicki
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (R.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (R.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland
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Khemiss M, Ben Fekih D, Ben Khelifa M, Ben Saad H. Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319839872. [PMID: 30902035 PMCID: PMC6440045 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319839872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the effects of narghile use on the periodontium present conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the periodontal status of exclusive narghile smokers (ENSs, n = 74) to that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECSs, n = 74). Males aged 20-40 years were recruited to participate in this comparative study. Information concerning oral health habits (number of yearly visits to the dentist, daily toothbrushing frequency) and tobacco exposure were obtained. Clinical measurements were performed on all the existing teeth, except the third molars. The number of remaining teeth and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were noted. The plaque levels were recorded using the plaque index of Löe and Silness. The gingival index modified by Löe was used to evaluate gingival inflammation. Teeth mobility was measured using bidigital mobility. The probing pocket depth was measured using a periodontal probe. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of at least 10 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm. Student's t and chi-square tests were used to compare, respectively, the two groups' quantitative and qualitative data. The two groups were matched for quantities of used tobacco, age, daily toothbrushing frequency, teeth mobility, number of remaining teeth, plaque index, and DMFT. Compared to the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly lower number of yearly visits to the dentist (mean ± SD: 0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2), lower probing pocket depth (mean ± SD: 2.33 ± 0.63 vs. 2.02 ± 0.80 mm), and gingival index (median [interquartile]: 0.46 [0.10-0.89] vs. 0.00 [0.00-0.50]), and it included significantly lower percentages of smokers with periodontal disease (24.3% vs. 9.5%). In conclusion, chronic exclusive narghile smoking has fewer adverse effects on the periodontium than chronic exclusive cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khemiss
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia,Research Laboratory N8 LR12SP10: Maxilla Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Ben Fekih
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Khelifa
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia,Research Laboratory N8 LR12SP10: Maxilla Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Tunisia,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia,Helmi Ben Saad, Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Rue Mohamed Karoui, Sousse, Tunisia.
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11
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Rai T, YM K, Rao A, P AN, Natarajan S, Joseph RM. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a custom-made toothbrush in maintaining oral hygiene and gingival health in cerebral palsy patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:367-372. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trupthi Rai
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - Karuna YM
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - Ashwin Rao
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - Anupama Nayak P
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - Rose Maria Joseph
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
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Abstract
Periodontal disease is difficult to measure objectively. Many indices measuring plaque accumulation and gingivitis have been designed for humans, the Silness and Löe plaque index and Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index being examples of well-accepted systems. It may, however, be beneficial to consider new or modified measurement systems for dogs, and such veterinary modifications need to be supported and clearly identified. This article reviews the origins of clinical periodontal indices now in common use in studies that examine the effectiveness of oral hygiene products.
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Martini D, Galli C, Guareschi C, Angelino D, Bedogni G, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, Pruneti C, Ventura M, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Passeri G, Del Rio D. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims on foods proposed under Regulation (EC) 1924/2006 in the area of oral health. NFS JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choromańska M, Klimiuk A, Kostecka-Sochoń P, Wilczyńska K, Kwiatkowski M, Okuniewska N, Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Antioxidant Defence, Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage in Saliva, Plasma and Erythrocytes of Dementia Patients. Can Salivary AGE be a Marker of Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102205. [PMID: 29053628 PMCID: PMC5666885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in dementia pathogenesis; however, its impact on salivary secretion and salivary qualities is still unknown. This study included 80 patients with moderate dementia and 80 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Salivary flow, antioxidants (salivary peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, uric acid and total antioxidant capacity), and oxidative damage products (advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end products (AGE), 8-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and total oxidant status) were estimated in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva, as well as in plasma and erythrocytes. We show that in dementia patients the concentration/activity of major salivary antioxidants changes, and the level of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids is increased compared to healthy controls. Non-stimulated and stimulated salivary secretions were significantly reduced in dementia patients. The deterioration in mini mental state examination (MMSE) score correlated with salivary AGE levels, which when considered with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, suggests their potential role in the non-invasive diagnosis of dementia. In conclusion, dementia is associated with disturbed salivary redox homeostasis and impaired secretory function of the salivary glands. Salivary AGE may be useful in the diagnosis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Choromańska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Klimiuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Paula Kostecka-Sochoń
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Karolina Wilczyńska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj Kwiatkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Okuniewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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15
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Brousseau-Nault M, Kizhakkedathu JN, Kim H. Chronic periodontitis is associated with platelet factor 4 (PF4) secretion: A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1101-1111. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Brousseau-Nault
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Effect of a School-Based Supervised Tooth Brushing Program In Mexico City: A Cluster Randomized Intervention. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 41:204-213. [PMID: 28422600 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Large-scale school-based programs effectively provide health education and preventive strategies. SaludARTE is a school-based program, including supervised tooth brushing, implemented in 51 elementary schools in Mexico City. OBJECTIVES To assess the three-month efficacy of supervised tooth brushing in reducing dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and bleeding on probing in schoolchildren participating in SaludARTE. STUDY DESIGN This was a pragmatic cluster randomized intervention, with two parallel branches. Four randomly selected schools participating in SaludARTE (n=200) and one control school, which did not participate in the program (CG) (n=50), were assessed. Clusters were not randomly allocated to intervention. The main outcomes were as follows: mean percentage gingival units with no inflammation, dental surfaces with no dental plaque, and gingival margins with no bleeding. The independent variable was supervised tooth brushing at school once a day after a meal. Guardians and children responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic and oral hygiene practices, and children were examined dentally. Mean percentage differences were compared (baseline and follow-up). RESULTS A total of 75% of guardians from the intervention group (IG) and 77% from the CG answered the questionnaire. Of these, 89.3% were women, with a mean age of 36.9±8.5 years. No differences in sociodemographic variables were observed between groups, and 151 children from the IG and 35 from the CG were examined at baseline and follow-up. Mean percentage differences for plaque-free surfaces (8.8±28.5%) and healthy gingival units (23.3%±23.2%) were significantly higher in the IG. CONCLUSION The school-supervised tooth brushing program is effective in improving oral hygiene and had a greater impact on plaque and gingivitis than on gingival bleeding. It is necessary to reinforce the oral health education component of the program.
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Penmetsa SLD, Shah R, Thomas R, Kumar ABT, Gayatri PSD, Mehta DS. Titanium particles in tissues from peri-implant mucositis: An exfoliative cytology-based pilot study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017; 21:192-194. [PMID: 29440784 PMCID: PMC5803873 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_184_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the presence of titanium particles in the peri-implant mucosa of unloaded single implants. Materials and Methods: Forty participants with single unloaded implants were selected. They were divided equally into two groups: Group 1 with mild and Group 2 with moderate-to-severe peri-implant mucositis. Cytologic smears of peri-implant mucosa were obtained using cytobrush during second-stage surgery. Results: Study states that 60% of participants of Group 2 were positive for titanium particles in peri-implant cytology. Conclusion: This study concludes that the titanium particles might be the initiators of the inflammation around implant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Raison Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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18
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Beltran SR, Svoboda KKH, Kerns DG, Sheth A, Prockop DJ. Anti-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) promotes early gingival wound healing: an in vivo study. J Periodontol 2016; 86:62-71. [PMID: 25269522 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6). TSG-6 modulates proinflammatory cytokine cascades and enhances tissue repair. This study tests the effects of recombinant human TSG-6 (rhTSG-6) on gingival wound healing within the first 2 days post-surgery. METHODS After gingival resection in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 µg rhTSG-6 in 5-µL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or the same volume of only PBS solution was injected into gingival tissue approximating the surgical wound. Control animals did not receive injections. Tissue biopsies and blood were collected at 1 to 2, 6 to 8, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery (n = 10 per group). Specimens were analyzed via histologic analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification and comparison of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Wound photographs were taken for a double-masked clinical assessment at each time period. Weights were recorded for all animals pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS Animals injected with rhTSG-6 had significantly less severe clinical inflammation at 6 to 8 (P = 0.01228), 24 (P = 0.01675), and 48 (P = 0.0186) hours. Sham and control animals had more weight loss at 24 and 48 hours. Sham and control animals had more pronounced cellular infiltrate. rhTSG-6-treated animals had significantly less MPO (P = 0.027) at 24 hours and IL-1β (P = 0.027) at 24 and 48 hours. IL-6 showed a marginal significant difference at 6 to 8 hours, but there was no significant difference for TNF-α. CONCLUSION rhTSG-6 reduced postoperative gingival inflammation by reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular infiltrate and may offer significant promise as an anti-inflammatory agent for gingival surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Beltran
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
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19
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von Bremen J, Lorenz N, Ruf S. Impact of body mass index on oral health during orthodontic treatment: an explorative pilot study. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:386-92. [PMID: 26450695 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To answer the question: is there a correlation between body mass index (BMI), oral health, and patient cooperation during multibracket (MB) appliance therapy? MATERIALS AND METHODS All adolescent MB patients started and finished between 2007 and 2012 were analysed. According to their pre-treatment BMI, patients were divided into one of the following groups: normal weight, overweight, or obese. Using the patients' records, the cooperation during treatment was classified as good, bad, or poor and the treatment duration was calculated. Using pre- and post-treatment photographs, white spot lesion (WSL) formation and gingivitis before and after MB therapy were assessed. RESULTS Of the 175 subjects, 138 had a normal BMI (79 per cent), 22 were overweight (12.5 per cent), and 15 obese (8.5 per cent). Whereas 42.8 per cent of the normal weight patients showed a good cooperation, only 22.7 per cent of the overweight and 20.9 per cent of the obese patients cooperated sufficiently. On average, normal weight patients were treated for 22.2 months, overweight patients for 23.0 months, and obese patients for 27.7 months. Normal weight patients developed less WSL (41.3 per cent) during MB treatment than overweight (50 per cent) or obese (66.7 per cent) patients. Furthermore, patients with a normal weight or overweight had less gingival inflammation (79.5 per cent) after treatment than obese individuals (93.3 per cent). CONCLUSION An increased BMI appears to be a risk factor for less cooperation, a longer treatment duration, and more oral health-related problems during MB treatment, indicating that these patients require special attention during orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany
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20
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Gibbs L, Waters E, Christian B, Gold L, Young D, de Silva A, Calache H, Gussy M, Watt R, Riggs E, Tadic M, Hall M, Gondal I, Pradel V, Moore L. Teeth Tales: a community-based child oral health promotion trial with migrant families in Australia. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007321. [PMID: 26068509 PMCID: PMC4466605 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Teeth Tales trial aimed to establish a model for child oral health promotion for culturally diverse communities in Australia. DESIGN An exploratory trial implementing a community-based child oral health promotion intervention for Australian families from migrant backgrounds. Mixed method, longitudinal evaluation. SETTING The intervention was based in Moreland, a culturally diverse locality in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Families with 1-4-year-old children, self-identified as being from Iraqi, Lebanese or Pakistani backgrounds residing in Melbourne. Participants residing close to the intervention site were allocated to intervention. INTERVENTION The intervention was conducted over 5 months and comprised community oral health education sessions led by peer educators and follow-up health messages. OUTCOME MEASURES This paper reports on the intervention impacts, process evaluation and descriptive analysis of health, knowledge and behavioural changes 18 months after baseline data collection. RESULTS Significant differences in the Debris Index (OR=0.44 (0.22 to 0.88)) and the Modified Gingival Index (OR=0.34 (0.19 to 0.61)) indicated increased tooth brushing and/or improved toothbrushing technique in the intervention group. An increased proportion of intervention parents, compared to those in the comparison group reported that they had been shown how to brush their child's teeth (OR=2.65 (1.49 to 4.69)). Process evaluation results highlighted the problems with recruitment and retention of the study sample (275 complete case families). The child dental screening encouraged involvement in the study, as did linking attendance with other community/cultural activities. CONCLUSIONS The Teeth Tales intervention was promising in terms of improving oral hygiene and parent knowledge of tooth brushing technique. Adaptations to delivery of the intervention are required to increase uptake and likely impact. A future cluster randomised controlled trial would provide strongest evidence of effectiveness if appropriate to the community, cultural and economic context. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000532909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gibbs
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley Christian
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana Young
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australila
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Dental Health School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Gussy
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Watt
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisha Riggs
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryanne Tadic
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australila
| | - Martin Hall
- North Richmond Community Health Limited, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iqbal Gondal
- Internet Commerce Security Lab, Federation University Australia and Pakistan Australia Association Melbourne, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronika Pradel
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australila
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Gibbs L, Waters E, de Silva A, Riggs E, Moore L, Armit C, Johnson B, Morris M, Calache H, Gussy M, Young D, Tadic M, Christian B, Gondal I, Watt R, Pradel V, Truong M, Gold L. An exploratory trial implementing a community-based child oral health promotion intervention for Australian families from refugee and migrant backgrounds: a protocol paper for Teeth Tales. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004260. [PMID: 24622949 PMCID: PMC3963385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inequalities are evident in early childhood caries rates with the socially disadvantaged experiencing greater burden of disease. This study builds on formative qualitative research, conducted in the Moreland/Hume local government areas of Melbourne, Victoria 2006-2009, in response to community concerns for oral health of children from refugee and migrant backgrounds. Development of the community-based intervention described here extends the partnership approach to cogeneration of contemporary evidence with continued and meaningful involvement of investigators, community, cultural and government partners. This trial aims to establish a model for child oral health promotion for culturally diverse communities in Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an exploratory trial implementing a community-based child oral health promotion intervention for Australian families from refugee and migrant backgrounds. Families from an Iraqi, Lebanese or Pakistani background with children aged 1-4 years, residing in metropolitan Melbourne, were invited to participate in the trial by peer educators from their respective communities using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Target sample size was 600. Moreland, a culturally diverse, inner-urban metropolitan area of Melbourne, was chosen as the intervention site. The intervention comprised peer educator led community oral health education sessions and reorienting of dental health and family services through cultural Competency Organisational Review (CORe). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for this trial was granted by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee and the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development Research Committee. Study progress and output will be disseminated via periodic newsletters, peer-reviewed research papers, reports, community seminars and at National and International conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000532909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gibbs
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisha Riggs
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Christine Armit
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Britt Johnson
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michal Morris
- Centre for Culture, Ethnicity and Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Gussy
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana Young
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryanne Tadic
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley Christian
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iqbal Gondal
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University and Pakistan Australia Association Melbourne, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Watt
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veronika Pradel
- Merri Community Health Services, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mandy Truong
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mombelli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mankodi S, Bartizek RD, Winston JL, Biesbrock AR, McClanahan SF, He T. Anti-gingivitis efficacy of a stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice. A controlled 6-month clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:75-80. [PMID: 15642062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stannous fluoride is a broad-spectrum anti-microbial agent that has been used in dentistry as a chemical adjunct to prevent dental caries and gingivitis. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice relative to a negative control. METHODS This was a randomized, 6-month, double-blind, parallel-group gingivitis study conducted according to the guidelines for evaluating chemotherapeutic products for the control of gingivitis outlined by the American Dental Association. A stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice was tested against a commercially available negative control dentifrice. Following baseline measurements, subjects received a dental prophylaxis. Subjects were then instructed to brush twice daily for 60 s using their assigned product. Oral soft-hard-tissue examinations and clinical examinations using the Modified Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS A total of 143 subjects were enrolled and 130 of them completed the 6-month study. After 6 months of product usage, the experimental group had 21.7% less gingivitis (p<0.001), 57.1% less bleeding (p<0.001), and 6.9% less plaque (p=0.01) on average compared with the negative control group. No adverse oral soft-hard-tissue effects or extrinsic tooth staining was observed in the study. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that use of the stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice over a 6-month period provided statistically significant reductions in gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and plaque when compared with a negative control dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suru Mankodi
- Dental Products Testing, Inc., West Palm Beach, FL, USA
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Heier EE, De Smit AA, Wijgaerts IA, Adriaens PA. Periodontal implications of bonded versus removable retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997; 112:607-16. [PMID: 9423692 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(97)70225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Removable retainers have been used by clinicians since the early years of orthodontic practice. During the last decades, an increasing number of cases are retained with bonded lingual retainers. The current study was performed to evaluate whether significant differences in gingival conditions exist between patients who wear removable or fixed retainers. Differences in build-up of plaque and calculus were also investigated. Maxillary and mandibular measurements were taken at baseline (just before debonding) and 1, 3, and 6 months later, from canine to canine on 36 patients. Among these patients, 22 had fixed retainers, and 14 wore removable retainers. The gingival condition was scored according to three parameters: Modified Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, and gingival crevicular fluid flow. After staining with Diaplac, the Plaque Index was registered. The amount of calculus was measured with a calibrated periodontal probe. Gingival inflammation decreased from baseline throughout the entire period of retention. A comparable limited gingival inflammation was found in the presence of both types of retainers. Slightly more plaque and calculus were present on the lingual surfaces in the fixed retainer group. This did not result in more pronounced gingival inflammation than in the removable retainer group, within the evaluated period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Heier
- Faculty of Dentistry, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Barnett ML. Suitability of gingival indices for use in therapeutic trials. Is bleeding a sine qua non? J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23:582-6. [PMID: 8811479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A number of gingival indices have been described which include visual and invasive components, either separately or in combination. In selecting indices for use in gingivitis therapeutic trials, some investigators maintain that only invasive indices should be used, since indices that include a bleeding-on-provocation component are deemed to be the most objective. Other investigators, however, maintain that non-invasive indices are the more appropriate insofar as invasive procedures will not only disrupt the plaque at the gingival margin, but could also mildly traumatize the tissue and present an impediment to assessing examiner standardization and reproducibility. This paper discusses these aspects of gingivitis evaluation. The data indicate that all validated indices, whether invasive or non-invasive, have some degree of both objectivity and subjectivity. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate index will depend upon the ability of a given index to achieve the objectives of the clinical trial in which it is to be utilized.
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Hanioka T, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Shizukuishi S, Folkers K. Effect of topical application of coenzyme Q10 on adult periodontitis. Mol Aspects Med 1994; 15 Suppl:s241-8. [PMID: 7752836 DOI: 10.1016/0098-2997(94)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Topical application of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to the periodontal pocket was evaluated with and without subgingival mechanical debridement. Ten male patients with adult periodontitis participated and 30 periodontal pockets were selected. During the first 3 weeks, the patients did not receive any periodontal therapy except the topical application of CoQ10. After the first 3-week period, root planning and subgingival scaling were performed in all sites. CoQ10 was applied in 20 of the pockets once a week for a period of 6 weeks. Soybean oil was applied to the remaining 10 sites as a control. In the first 3-week period, significant reductions in gingival crevicular fluid flow, probing depth and attachment loss were found only at experimental sites. After mechanical subgingival debridement, significant decreases in the plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid flow, probing depth and attachment loss were found both at experimental and control sites. However, significant improvements in the modified gingival index, bleeding on probing and peptidase activity derived from periodontopathic bacteria were observed only at experimental sites. These results suggest that topical application of CoQ10 improves adult periodontitis not only as a sole treatment but also in combination with traditional nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hanioka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan
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Matheny JL, Abrams H, Johnson DT, Roth GI. Microcirculatory dynamics in experimental human gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1993; 20:578-83. [PMID: 8408719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the changes that occur in the gingival microcirculation during the development of experimental gingivitis in humans. There have been no studies published to date combining videomicroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry to study vascular dynamics in experimental gingivitis. Alterations occurring in the microcirculation of the marginal gingiva in 10 (18-30-year-old), healthy male humans when they suspended oral hygiene procedures in a proscribed area for 12-16 days were monitored. A partial mouth, experimental gingivitis model was employed. Gingival health was evaluated before and after the experimental period by assessing gingival and plaque indices and gingival crevicular fluid volume. Gingival vascular monitoring included measurement of red blood cell velocity in individual gingival microvessels via videomicroscopy and measurement of regional gingival blood flow using laser doppler flowmetry. The number of vessels visible in a given microscopic field in a given subject and the number of vessels exhibiting flow were also determined from the videotapes. Systemic cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were monitored to ensure that gingival vascular changes were not secondary to systemic changes. Gingivitis developed in all subjects; significant increases (Student t-test, p < 0.05) were seen in plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing and crevicular fluid volume. No change in superficial capillary blood velocity and a significant decrease in gingival regional blood flow were seen with gingivitis. A significant increase in the number of vessels visible in microscopic fields and a decrease in the % of vessels exhibiting flow were observed. Gingival microcirculation exhibited a dramatic, dynamic change in response to the development and progression of gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Matheny
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
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Marks RG, Magnusson I, Taylor M, Clouser B, Maruniak J, Clark WB. Evaluation of reliability and reproducibility of dental indices. J Clin Periodontol 1993; 20:54-8. [PMID: 8421117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb01760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of periodontal therapy involves the use of several oral indices to describe the health status of hard and soft tissues. It was the objective of the present study to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of some of these indices. A calibration and standardization session was designed to calibrate 10 examiners and a "gold standard" (an experienced examiner) in evaluating the following indices: the Volpe-Manhold calculus index (VM), the Lobene stain index (SI), a non-invasive modification of the Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), the papillary bleeding score (PBS) of Loesche, and the plaque index (PI) of Quigley-Hein as modified by Turesky. For each index, the average intraclass correlation was calculated between two subject visits. The highest intraclass correlation, 0.94, was found for PBS. The intraclass correlation for PI was 0.70 and for VM, 0.65. The lowest intraclass correlations were for stain, 0.47, and GI, 0.25. Intra-subject correlations between the 2 visits were good for all indices, but were best for PBS, followed by VM. PBS seems to be the most reliable index (both intra- and inter-examiner) for measuring the oral health status and is therefore recommended for use in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Marks
- Periodontal Disease Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville
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DePaola LG, Overholser CD, Meiller TF, Minah GE, Niehaus C. Chemotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis development. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16:311-5. [PMID: 2723103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 6-month double-blind, controlled clinical study was conducted on 107 healthy adult subjects to determine the efficacy of a mouthrinse used as a supplement to regular oral hygiene measures on supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. 115 healthy adult patients were recruited for the study. Following screening examinations for minimal entry levels of existing gingivitis and plaque in patients with a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, extrinsic tooth stain, gingivitis and plaque index scores were recorded. Soft tissues were evaluated. All subjects then received a complete dental prophylaxis, removing plaque, calculus and extrinsic stain. Utilizing their normal oral hygiene, subjects began a regimen of rinsing with 20 ml of the randomly assigned rinse, twice daily for 30 s for 6 months. 7 days after prophylaxis, gingivitis was again scored (baseline 2). Soft tissue, gingivitis, plaque area and extrinsic stain were evaluated again at 3 and 6 months. Results demonstrated that after 6 months, listerine produced a 34% inhibition of both plaque and of gingivitis compared to a hydroalcohol control (p less than 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- L G DePaola
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Dental School, University of Maryland 21201
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