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Zhao Z, Behm C, Tian Z, Rausch MA, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Cyclic tensile strain-induced yes-associated protein activity modulates the response of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gürkan ÇG, Keleș GÇ, Kurt S, Çiftçi A, Ayas B, Güler Ş, Çetinkaya BÖ. Histopathological and biochemical evaluation of paeoniflorin administration in an experimental periodontitis model. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:554-557. [PMID: 31588098 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of administered Paeoniflorin (Pae) on periodontal tissues within an experimental periodontitis model. Forty male Wistar rats were used in this study and experimental periodontitis was created in all rats except in the control group (n = 10, first group). In the periodontitis group, experimental periodontitis was created but no other application was performed (n = 10, second group). In the other groups created experimental periodontitis, systemic Pae (n = 10, third group) or saline (n = 10, fourth group) was applied. A biochemical analysis of the gingival vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and a histomorphometric analysis (measurements of the area of alveolar bone, alveolar bone resorption, and attachment loss) were performed. In the Pae group, the area of the alveolar bone was increased, while alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss decreased. Gingival VEGF levels increased in all groups that created experimental periodontitis and the greatest increase seen in the Pae group. Histomorphometric and biochemical analyses in this study suggest that Pae has a curative effect on periodontal tissues. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonca Çayır Keleș
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Okan University
| | - Sevda Kurt
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University
| | - Alper Çiftçi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University
| | - Bülent Ayas
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University
| | - Şevki Güler
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant İzzet Baysal University
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Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2018; 90:788-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Paşalı
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Section of Molecular BiologyDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science and LettersCelal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsFaculty of MedicineEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
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Rakmanee T, Calciolari E, Olsen I, Darbar U, Griffiths GS, Petrie A, Donos N. Expression of growth mediators in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis undergoing periodontal surgery. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3307-3318. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rizvi SFA, Tariq S, Mehdi M, Hassan AJ. Synthesis of 99m Tc-roxithromycin: A novel diagnostic agent to discriminate between septic and aseptic inflammation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:1166-1174. [PMID: 30370631 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Roxithromycin is a second-generation macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. In the current study, roxithromycin (ROX) was successfully labeled with technetium-99m for early diagnosis of bacterial infection and discrimination between septic and aseptic inflammation. The highest radiochemical purity of ≥95% was achieved by investigating different labeling parameters such as pH, ligand/reducing agent concentration, temperature, and amount of stabilizing agent. For this purpose, 0.3-0.5 mg ligand, 2-6 μg SnCl2 ·2H2 O as a reducing agent at basic pH (8-10 pH) and 2 mg mannitol used as a stabilizing agent, in the end, 370 MBq 99m Tc added into the reaction vials and incubated for a wide range of temperature (-4 to 65°C). The percent radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-roxithromycin was assessed with the help of the radio-thin-layer chromatography technique. The characterization studies were carried out using electrophoresis and Radio-HPLC techniques as well as saline stability and serum stability studies were also performed. Furthermore, biodistribution study was also performed in an inflamed animal model to discriminate between septic (heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus) and aseptic (turpentine oil) inflammatory lesions. The results were elaborated that 99m Tc-roxithromycin (99m Tc-ROX) was clearly bounded at the septic inflammation site (T/NT ratio of 7.08 ± 1.14) at 30 min postadministration, and maximum accumulation was seen in heart, lungs, liver, stomach, kidneys, and intestine. The results were suggested that 99m Tc-ROX might be used to discriminate between septic and aseptic inflammatory lesions at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Isotope Production Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mehdi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Junaid Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Angiogenic Capacity of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Pretreated with Deferoxamine and/or Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167807. [PMID: 27936076 PMCID: PMC5147980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) represent a good source of multipotent cells for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The success rate of these treatments is severely dependent on the establishment of adequate vasculature in order to provide oxygen and nutrients to the transplanted cells. Pharmacological preconditioning of stem cells has been proposed as a promising method to augment their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the aim was to improve the intrinsic angiogenic properties of PDLSCs by in vitro pretreatment with deferoxamine (DFX; 100μM), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2; 10ng/mL) or both substances combined. An antibody array revealed the differential expression of several proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF). ELISA data confirmed a 1.5 to 1.8-fold increase in VEGF for all tested conditions. Moreover, 48 hours after the removal of DFX, VEGF levels remained elevated (1.8-fold) compared to control conditions. FGF-2 and combination treatment resulted in a 5.4 to 13.1-fold increase in PlGF secretion, whereas DFX treatment had no effect. Furthermore, both PDLSCs as pretreated PDLSCs induced endothelial migration. Despite the significant elevated VEGF levels of pretreated PDLSCs, the induced endothelial migration was not higher by pretreated PDLSCs. We find that the observed induced endothelial cell motility was not dependent on VEGF, since blocking the VEGFR1-3 with Axitinib (0.5nM) did not inhibit endothelial motility towards PDLSCs. Taken together, this study provides evidence that preconditioning with DFX and/or FGF-2 significantly improves the angiogenic secretome of PDLSCs, in particular VEGF and PlGF secretion. However, our data suggest that VEGF is not the only player when it comes to influencing endothelial behavior by the PDLSCs.
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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Takakusagi K, Takakusagi Y, Suzuki T, Toizaki A, Suzuki A, Kawakatsu Y, Watanabe M, Saito Y, Fukuda R, Nakazaki A, Kobayashi S, Sakaguchi K, Sugawara F. Multimodal biopanning of T7 phage-displayed peptides reveals angiomotin as a potential receptor of the anti-angiogenic macrolide Roxithromycin. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:809-21. [PMID: 25528335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Roxithromycin (RXM) is a semi-synthetic fourteen-membered macrolide antibiotic that shows anti-angiogenic activity in solid tumors. In the present study, we conducted biopanning of T7 phage-displayed peptides either on a 96-well formatted microplate, a flow injection-type quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor, or a cuvette-type QCM. RXM-selected peptides of different sequence, length and number were obtained from each mode of screening. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis of the RXM-selected peptides consistently gave positive scores for the extracellular domain (E458-T596) of angiomotin (Amot), indicating that this may comprise a binding region for RXM. Bead pull down assay and QCM analysis confirmed that RXM directly interacts with Amot via the screen-guided region, which also corresponds to the binding site for the endogenous anti-angiogenic inhibitor angiostatin (Anst). Thus, multimodal biopanning of T7PD revealed that RXM binds to the extracellular domain on Amot as a common binding site with Anst, leading to inhibition of angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth and metastasis. These data might explain the molecular basis underlying the mechanism of action for the anti-angiogenic activity of RXM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takakusagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aya Toizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aiko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Madoka Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Saito
- Meiwafosis Co. Ltd., 1-14-2 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
| | - Ryushi Fukuda
- Meiwafosis Co. Ltd., 1-14-2 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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R P, Sreedhara A, P I, Sarkar I, Kumar CS. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after periodontal therapy. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC75-9. [PMID: 25584323 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8450.5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of the various cytokines and growth factors regulating angiogenesis, the most potent agent acting on vascular endothelium is vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). The present study aims to access VEGF concentration in periodontal diseases and the effect of periodontal therapy on its concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety five subjects (47 females and 48 males) 25- 47 y of age were divided into healthy (group-1), gingivitis (group-2), and periodontitis (group-3). GCF samples were collected using micro-capillary pipettes & were transferred immediately to plastic vials and stored at -70˚C until the time of the assay. The concentration of VEGF was determined using commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS The mean VEGF concentration was highest in periodontitis patients (Group 3) (88.08±8.04pg/ml), with lowest in healthy patients (Group 1). VEGF levels reduced significantly after therapy in Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION VEGF levels in GCF had a significant correlation with both periodontal disease progression and healing after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma R
- Head of the Department, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Annaji Sreedhara
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Indeevar P
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Indranil Sarkar
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan S Kumar
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gong Y, Lu J, Ding X, Yu Y. Effect of adjunctive roxithromycin therapy on interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in gingival crevicular fluid of cyclosporine A-treated patients with gingival overgrowth. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:448-57. [PMID: 23947915 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Systemic macrolide antibiotic administration has been shown to result in the elimination or reduction cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth. Roxithromycin (ROX) is known to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and tissue reparative effects. This study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive ROX therapy on cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth and interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of renal transplant patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-one patients with clinically significant overgrowth and 16 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. Patients received scaling and root planing (SRP) at baseline and randomized to take either ROX or placebo for 5 d. The clinical parameters, including plaque index, papillary bleeding index, probing depth and gingival overgrowth scores, were recorded. The amounts of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and VEGF in gingival crevicular fluid were detected by ELISA. Periodontal parameters as well as gingival crevicular fluid biomarker levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 4 wk post-therapy. RESULTS Following SRP plus ROX and SRP plus placebo therapy, significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters of both study groups were observed (p < 0.025). In the ROX group, adjunctive ROX therapy resulted in a greater gingival overgrowth scores reduction compared with those in the placebo group at 4 wk (p < 0.017). Initial amounts of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and VEGF for both the ROX and placebo groups were significantly higher than those for healthy subjects (p < 0.017), with no statistical difference between the two study groups. At 1 and 4 wk post-therapy, significant decreases in the amounts of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and VEGF were observed in both study groups when compared with baseline (p < 0.025), but there was no difference in the levels of IL-1β and VEGF between the two study groups. The amount of decrease in TGF-β1 levels for the ROX group was statistically significant compared to that for the placebo group at 4 wk after treatment (p < 0.017). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that combination of ROX with non-surgical therapy improves gingival overgrowth status and decreases gingival crevicular fluid TGF-β1 levels in patients with severe gingival overgrowth. The reduction of gingival crevicular fluid TGF-β1 following ROX therapy suggests an anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effect of ROX on the treatment of cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kwiatkowska B, Maslinska M, Przygodzka M, Dmowska-Chalaba J, Dabrowska J, Sikorska-Siudek K. Immune system as a new therapeutic target for antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.44a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Macrolide therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:636157. [PMID: 22969171 PMCID: PMC3432395 DOI: 10.1155/2012/636157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of antibiotics with a distinctive macrocyclic lactone ring combined with sugars (cladinose, desosamine). The action of macrolides is to block protein synthesis by binding to the subunit of 50S ribosome of bacteria. Prototype macrolide was erythromycin, which came into clinical practice in the 50s of the 20th century. Its antimicrobial spectrum covers the scope of the penicillins but is extended to the impact of atypical bacteria. In the 90s more drugs of this group were synthesized—they have less severe side effects than erythromycin, extended spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria. Macrolides are effective in treating mycobacterial infections especially in patients infected with HIV. It is now known that in addition to antibacterial abilities, macrolides have immunomodulatory effects—they inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1, 6, and 8) affect transcription factors (NF-κB) as well as costimulaton (CD 80) and adhesion molecules (ICAM). This review article focused not only on the their antimicrobial abilities but also on efficacy in the treatment of several inflammatory disorders independent of the infectious agent. Their wider use as immunomodulators requires further study, which can lead to an extension of indications for their administration.
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Zarogoulidis P, Papanas N, Kioumis I, Chatzaki E, Maltezos E, Zarogoulidis K. Macrolides: from in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to clinical practice in respiratory diseases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 68:479-503. [PMID: 22105373 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolides have long been recognised to exert immunomodulary and anti-inflammatory actions. They are able to suppress the "cytokine storm" of inflammation and to confer an additional clinical benefit through their immunomodulatory properties. METHODS A search of electronic journal articles was performed using combinations of the following keywords: macrolides, COPD, asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, cystic fibrosis, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory effect, diabetes, side effects and systemic diseases. RESULTS Macrolide effects are time- and dose-dependent, and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have provided ample evidence of their immunomodulary and anti-inflammatory actions. Importantly, this class of antibiotics is efficacious with respect to controlling exacerbations of underlying respiratory problems, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, bronchiectasis, panbrochiolitis and cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Macrolides have also been reported to reduce airway hyper-responsiveness and improve pulmonary function. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview on the properties of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin), their efficacy in various respiratory diseases and their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece.
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Degidi M, Artese L, Piattelli A, Scarano A, Shibli JA, Piccirilli M, Perrotti V, Iezzi G. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the peri-implant soft tissues around machined and acid-etched titanium healing abutments: a prospective randomised study. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:857-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mechanisms of action and clinical application of macrolides as immunomodulatory medications. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:590-615. [PMID: 20610825 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00078-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides have diverse biological activities and an ability to modulate inflammation and immunity in eukaryotes without affecting homeostatic immunity. These properties have led to their long-term use in treating neutrophil-dominated inflammation in diffuse panbronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis, and cystic fibrosis. These immunomodulatory activities appear to be polymodal, but evidence suggests that many of these effects are due to inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Macrolides accumulate within cells, suggesting that they may associate with receptors or carriers responsible for the regulation of cell cycle and immunity. A concern is that long-term use of macrolides increases the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Nonantimicrobial macrolides are now in development as potential immunomodulatory therapies.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels of gingiva in gingivitis and periodontitis patients with/without diabetes mellitus. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:543-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Tabuchi S, Sakuta T, Oyama T, Tokuda M, Tatsuyama S, Kajihara T, Nagaoka S, Beppu M, Sugihara K, Ikebe T, Shirasuna K, Torii M. Runt-related gene 2 is involved in the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by roxithromycin in human gingival epithelial cell cultures. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:283-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Bando Y, Noguchi K, Kobayashi H, Yoshida N, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E2 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production in interleukin-1alpha-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:395-401. [PMID: 19210337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prostaglandin E(2), which exerts its actions via EP receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), is a bioactive metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase-1 and/or cyclooxygenase-2. Interleukin-1alpha induces prostaglandin E(2) production via cyclooxygenase-2 in human periodontal ligament cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a key regulator of physiologic as well as pathologic angiogenesis and has been indicated to be involved in the pathology of periodontal diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether interleukin-1alpha induced vascular endothelial growth factor production in human periodontal ligament cells and whether cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E(2) regulated interleukin-1alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were obtained from extracted teeth of periodontally healthy subjects. After pre-incubation with a nonselective cyclooxygenase-1/2 inhibitor, indomethacin or a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS-398), periodontal ligament cells were treated with or without interleukin-1alpha, prostaglandin E(2), various EP receptor agonists and dibutyryl cAMP (a cAMP analogue). The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and prostaglandin E(2) in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Interleukin-1alpha induced vascular endothelial growth factor production in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The interleukin-1alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein expression was inhibited to the same extent by indomethacin and NS-398. Indomethacin and NS-398 completely inhibited interleukin-1alpha-induced prostaglandin E(2) production. Exogenous prostaglandin E(2), butaprost (an EP2 receptor agonist) and dibutyryl cAMP abolished the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on interleukin-1alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor production. CONCLUSION We suggest that interleukin-1alpha induced vascular endothelial growth factor production via cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E(2) in human periodontal ligament cells. The interleukin-1alpha/prostaglandin E(2) pathway might regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production in periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bando
- Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wise GE, King GJ. Mechanisms of tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 2008; 87:414-34. [PMID: 18434571 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth move through alveolar bone, whether through the normal process of tooth eruption or by strains generated by orthodontic appliances. Both eruption and orthodontics accomplish this feat through similar fundamental biological processes, osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, but there are differences that make their mechanisms unique. A better appreciation of the molecular and cellular events that regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis in eruption and orthodontics is not only central to our understanding of how these processes occur, but also is needed for ultimate development of the means to control them. Possible future studies in these areas are also discussed, with particular emphasis on translation of fundamental knowledge to improve dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Wise
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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INUI S, ITAMI S, KATAYAMA I. Granulomatous cheilitis successfully treated with roxithromycin. J Dermatol 2008; 35:244-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amemiya H, Matsuzaka K, Kokubu E, Ohta S, Inoue T. Cellular responses of rat periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia and re-oxygenation conditions in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2007; 43:322-7. [PMID: 18086167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia and re-oxygenation conditions in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were isolated from rat incisors. In the hypoxia group, cells were incubated in 2% O(2) for 1-3 d. In the re-oxygenation group, cells were first incubated under the same conditions as the hypoxia group for 24 h and then were returned to normoxic conditions and cultured for 1-2 additional days. RESULTS Proliferation ratios increased in all groups in a time-dependent manner. Proliferation ratios in both the hypoxia and re-oxygenation groups were significantly higher than in the control group on days 2 and 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the hypoxia group than in the control and the re-oxygenation groups. The expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA was significantly higher in the hypoxia group than in the control group on days 1 and 2. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was significantly higher in the hypoxia group than in the control group on days 1 and 2. In the re-oxygenation group, the level of expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were similar to those of the control group. The expression of heat shock protein 70 mRNA in the hypoxia group was similar to that in the control group, whereas in the re-oxygenation group it was statistically higher than in the other groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that periodontal ligament cells maintain their osteogenic ability in hypoxia and re-oxygenation conditions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amemiya
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Dai J, Rabie ABM. VEGF: an essential mediator of both angiogenesis and endochondral ossification. J Dent Res 2007; 86:937-50. [PMID: 17890669 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone growth, development, and remodeling, angiogenesis as well as osteogenesis are closely associated processes, sharing some essential mediators. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was initially recognized as the best-characterized endothelial-specific growth factor, which increased vascular permeability and angiogenesis, and it is now apparent that this cytokine regulates multiple biological functions in the endochondral ossification of mandibular condylar growth, as well as long bone formation. The complexity of VEGF biology is paralleled by the emerging complexity of interactions between VEGF ligands and their receptors. This narrative review summarizes the family of VEGF-related molecules, including 7 mammalian members, namely, VEGF, placenta growth factor (PLGF), and VEGF-B, -C, -D, -E, and -F. The biological functions of VEGF are mediated by at least 3 corresponding receptors: VEGFR-1/Flt-1, VEGFR-2/Flk-1, VEGFR-3/Flt-4 and 2 co-receptors of neuropilin (NRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Current findings on endochondral ossification are also discussed, with emphasis on VEGF-A action in osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and chondroclasts/osteoclasts and regulatory mechanisms involving oxygen tension, and some growth factors and hormones. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of recombinant VEGF-A protein therapy and VEGF-A gene therapy are evaluated. Abbreviations used: VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; PLGF, placenta growth factor; NRP, neuropilin; HSPGs, heparan sulfate proteoglycans; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; ECM, extracellular matrix; RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases; ERK, extracellular signal kinases; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dai
- The Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cetinkaya BO, Keles GC, Ayas B, Sakallioglu EE, Acikgoz G. The Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a Rat Model at Destruction and Healing Stages of Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1129-35. [PMID: 17539728 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic mediator, in promoting the progression or the healing of periodontal disease is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the VEGF expression in the destruction and healing stages of periodontal disease and to investigate the association between VEGF expression and vascularization with regard to the number and diameters of blood vessels. METHODS Thirty rats were distributed equally into two test groups and a control group. Experimental periodontal disease was induced in the test groups by silk ligatures, which were kept in position for 40 days. On the 40th day, ligatures were removed from the healing group, whereas ligatures were left in position in the destruction group. On the 60th day, rats were sacrificed; histomorphometric and biochemical analyses were carried out to determine the number and diameters of blood vessels and the assessment of VEGF concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in the number of blood vessels in the healing group and in the diameters of blood vessels in the destruction group compared to the control group (P <0.001). In vivo VEGF expressions were highest in the healing group (P <0.001) and correlated significantly with the number of blood vessels (r(2) = 0.814; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION VEGF expression may be related more to the healing stage of periodontal disease than to the destruction stage of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ozkan Cetinkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Oyama T, Matsushita K, Sakuta T, Tokuda M, Tatsuyama S, Nagaoka S, Torii M. Roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and Ets-1 expression. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:53-61. [PMID: 17214640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In periodontitis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in response to locally released inflammatory cytokines, resulting in pathologic processes. Roxithromycin is a 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, we reported that roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell cultures. In the present study, we examined the effect of roxithromycin on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 production by HPDL cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured cells were incubated with 1% fetal bovine serum for 24 h, followed by treatment with 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha, 10 microM roxithromycin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor at various concentrations. Culture supernatants and sediments were collected at different time-points and used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and northern and western blot analyses. RESULTS In HPDL cell cultures, roxithromycin strongly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and production. The inhibition of MMP-1 gene expression by roxithromycin was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and was regulated at the transcriptional level. Roxithromycin significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation (JNP) and marginally inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, roxithromycin reduced the induction of Ets-1, one of the critical factors in MMP-1 transcription. CONCLUSION Roxithromycin inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated MMP-1 induction through the downregulation of ERK1/2 and JNK activation and the subsequent reduction of Ets-1, suggesting that roxithromycin may have therapeutic use in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory conditions involving MMP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oyama
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Degidi M, Artese L, Scarano A, Perrotti V, Gehrke P, Piattelli A. Inflammatory infiltrate, microvessel density, nitric oxide synthase expression, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and proliferative activity in peri-implant soft tissues around titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps. J Periodontol 2006; 77:73-80. [PMID: 16579706 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.77.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study in humans was to conduct a comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, inflammatory infiltrate, proliferative activity expression, and microvessel density (MVD) in peri-implant soft tissues of titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps. METHODS Five patients, three men and two women (aged 30 to 66 years; mean: 49 years), participated in this study. All patients received dental implants that were 3.8 mm in diameter and 11 mm in length. All implants were left to heal in a non-submerged (single-stage) mode. Healing caps (3.8 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm in height) were inserted in all implants. Half of the implants were supplied with standard, prefabricated caps of commercially pure titanium, whereas the other half were provided with test zirconium oxide caps. After a 6-month healing period, a gingival biopsy was performed with a circular scalpel (5.5 mm in diameter) around the healing caps of both groups, without unscrewing or removing the healing caps. The dimensions of the gingival biopsies were 1.7 mm (5.5-3.8 mm) in thickness and 3 mm in height. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in the microvessel density between titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps and group II (P < or = 0.0001). Statistically significant differences were likewise found in the low and high intensities of NOS1, NOS3, and VEGF (P < or = 0.0001). In conclusion, the high intensity of NOS1, NOS3, and VEGF were mostly expressed in the titanium group, whereas the low intensity of NOS1, NOS3, and VEGF were mostly expressed in the zirconium oxide group. CONCLUSIONS In our specimens, the inflammatory infiltrate was mostly present in the titanium specimens. Their extension was much larger than that of the zirconium oxide specimens. Higher values of MVD were observed in the titanium specimens (29.1 versus 15.8). In addition, a higher expression of VEGF intensity was observed in the peri-implant tissues of titanium healing caps, whereas predominantly lower expressions of VEGF intensity were noted around the zirconium oxide healing caps. The Ki-67 expression was higher in the titanium specimens. All these data revealed that the tissues around titanium healing caps underwent a higher rate of inflammation-associated processes, most probably correlated to the higher inflammation processes observed in these tissues. A higher intensity expression of NOS1 and NOS3 was recorded in the tissues around titanium, whereas, on the contrary, a lower intensity of expression was found in the tissues around zirconium oxide specimens. These latter data indicate that the higher expression of these two mediators could be correlated to the higher amount of bacteria present around the titanium samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Degidi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Ko HM, Jung HH, Seo KH, Kang YR, Kim HA, Park SJ, Lee HK, Im SY. Platelet-activating factor-induced NF-κB activation enhances VEGF expression through a decrease in p53 activity. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3006-12. [PMID: 16684540 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of p53 in nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB dependent, platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Transfected NF-kappaB subunits in ECV304 cells increased the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter activity, which was completely inhibited by p53. Transfected p53 increased p53RE promoter activity, which was completely inhibited by NF-kappaB subunits, indicating that cross-regulation occurs between NF-kappaB and p53. PAF-induced increase in VEGF expression was correlated with decreased p53 activity. These data suggest that NF-kappaB-dependency of the PAF-induced increase in VEGF expression is due to decreased p53 activity, which is reciprocally regulated by increased NF-kappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Assenza B, Artese L, Scarano A, Rubini C, Perrotti V, Piattelli M, Thams U, San Roman F, Piccirilli M, Piattelli A. Screw vs cement-implant-retained restorations: an experimental study in the beagle. Part 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the peri-implant tissues. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2006; 32:1-7. [PMID: 16526575 DOI: 10.1563/754.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crestal bone loss has been reported to occur around dental implants. Even if the causes of this bone loss are not completely understood, the presence of a microgap between implant and abutment with a possible contamination of the internal portion of the implants has been suggested. The aim of this study was to see if there were differences in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, microvessel density (MVD), proliferative activity (MIB-1), and inflammatory infiltrate in the soft tissues around implants with screwed and cemented abutments. Sandblasted and acid-etched implants were inserted in the mandibles of 6 Beagle dogs. Ten 3.5- x 10-mm root-form implants were inserted in each mandible. A total of 60 implants (30 with screwed abutments and 30 with cemented abutments) were used. After 12 months, all the bridges were removed and all abutments were checked for mobility. A total of 8 loosened screws (27%) were found in the screwed abutments, whereas no loosening was observed in cemented abutments. A gingival biopsy was performed in 8 implants with cemented abutments, in 8 implants with screwed abutments, and in 8 implants with unscrewed abutments. No statistically significant differences were found in the inflammatory infiltrate and in the MIB-1 among the different groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the MVD between screwed and cemented abutments (P = .2111), whereas there was a statistically significant difference in MVD between screwed and unscrewed abutments (P = .0277) and between cemented and unscrewed abutments (P = .0431). A low intensity of VEGF was prevalent in screwed and in cemented abutments, whereas a high intensity of VEGF was prevalent in unscrewed abutments. These facts could be explained by the effects induced, in the abutments that underwent a screw loosening, by the presence of bacteria inside the hollow portion of the implants or by enhanced reparative processes.
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Ueno S, Aoki D, Kubo F, Hiwatashi K, Matsushita K, Oyama T, Maruyama I, Aikou T. Roxithromycin inhibits constitutive activation of nuclear factor {kappa}B by diminishing oxidative stress in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:5645-50. [PMID: 16061884 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, 14-member macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin and roxithromycin have been shown to have anticancer and antiangiogenic effects. We investigated the suppressive effect of roxithromycin on accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma growth in a rat hepatocarcinogenetic model and compared results with effects from TNP-470. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor was induced by oral diethylnitrosamine administration for 17 weeks. Normal saline, TNP-470 (50 mg/kg), or roxithromycin (40 or 100 mg/kg) was administered i.p. thrice per week from week 10 to 17. RESULTS Carcinomatous tissue growing outside dysplastic nodules and a marked expression of placental glutathione S-transferase were detected in rats with induced carcinogenesis. Tumor growth was accompanied by augmented expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, activation of nuclear factor kappaB, and increased lipid peroxidation level. All these effects were absent in animals that received roxithromycin or TNP-470. The inhibitory effect of roxithromycin was dose dependent and no clear differences were noted between groups given roxithromycin 100 mg/kg and TNP-470 50 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that roxithromycin inhibits oxidative stress, nitric oxide production, and nuclear factor kappaB activation induced by experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The data provide additional evidence for the potential use of roxithromycin in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Ueno
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Matsune S, Sun D, Ohori J, Nishimoto K, Fukuiwa T, Ushikai M, Kurono Y. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor by macrolides in cultured fibroblasts from nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 2006; 115:1953-6. [PMID: 16319604 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000177031.06112.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to study a new mechanism of efficacy of 14-membered ring macrolides in treating chronic rhinosinusitis, inhibitory effects of macrolides on vascular endothelial growth factor production were examined in vitro. METHODS Vascular endothelisal growth factor production in cultured fibloblasts from human nasal polyps obtained from surgery for chronic paranasal sinusitis stimulated by hypoxia or tumor necrosis factor-alpha was assessed under the administration of Clarithromycin or Roxisthromycin by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction. RESULTS Dose-dependent inhibitory effects on vascular endothelisal growth factor production stimulated by hypoxia or tumor necrosis factor-alpha were noted in the groups treated with Clarithromycin and Roxisthromycin, including inhibition of vascular endothelisal growth factor mRNA levels. CONCLUSION While, to date, several evidences have indicated that the mechanisms by which 14-membered ring macrolides reduce inflammation are not simply bactericidal, these results suggest another new mechanism of efficacy of macrolides in treating chronic rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Matsune
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Field of Sensory Organology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Güneri P, Unlü F, Yeşilbek B, Bayraktar F, Kokuludağ A, Hekimgil M, Boyacioğlu H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Gingival Tissues and Crevicular Fluids of Diabetic and Healthy Periodontal Patients. J Periodontol 2004; 75:91-7. [PMID: 15025220 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is one of the major oral problems encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Vascular changes, neutrophil dysfunction, altered collagen synthesis, and genetic predisposition observed in DM may contribute to periodontitis; and the vascular alterations observed in such patients may depend on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions. Few reports are available about the mechanism of neovascularization and the angiogenic factors that contribute to the periodontal pathology and the role of VEGF in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study is to compare VEGF expression in healthy and periodontally diseased tissues with gingival crevice fluid (GCF) of healthy persons and diabetic patients. METHODS Gingival tissue and GCF samples were collected from sites of periodontitis in 10 healthy subjects and in 10 type 2 diabetic patients, and from the sites of healthy gingiva within the same groups. Therefore, each patient became his/her own control. Additionally, 10 people without any systemic or periodontal diseases were enrolled, forming a negative control group. Thus, a total of 50 tissue and 50 GCF samples were provided. RESULTS No VEGF staining was observed in the negative control group or in the systemically healthy people's healthy tissue samples, whereas four samples of diabetic patients showed positive staining (P < 0.05). However, VEGF was revealed in two tissue samples of periodontal sites of systemically healthy people and in six samples of the diabetic patients (P > 0.05). In all test groups, GCF VEGF levels were higher in periodontal sites (P < 0.05) than in healthy sites. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that VEGF is increased in all periodontal tissues of both groups and in the healthy sites of diabetic patients. Additionally, GCF VEGF values increased in periodontal sites of all test groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, Ege University School of Dentistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Unlü F, Güneri PG, Hekimgil M, Yeşilbek B, Boyacioğlu H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human periodontal tissues: comparison of healthy and diabetic patients. J Periodontol 2003; 74:181-7. [PMID: 12666706 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability, but information about its role in periodontal lesions is limited. The aim of this study is to determine the association between VEGF expression in healthy and periodontally diseased tissues of healthy and diabetic patients. METHODS Ten systemically healthy and 10 Type 2 diabetic patients (DM) all diagnosed with periodontitis were enrolled into the study. Gingival samples were collected from both periodontal and healthy sites in all patients. Each patient served as his/her own control. Additionally, 10 people without any systemic or periodontal diseases were enrolled as a negative control group. RESULTS In the negative control group tissue samples, no VEGF expression was observed. Among the 10 systemically healthy people, no evidence of VEGF was observed in healthy gingival samples, but was found in diseased tissues in 2 cases. In the diabetic patients, VEGF was observed in 4 healthy gingival tissues and in 6 periodontal sites. VEGF was intensely present in monocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that VEGF is increased in gingival tissues of diabetic patients, especially those with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Füsun Unlü
- Ege University School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Izmir, Turkey.
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KOIZUMI N, HATAMOCHI A, SHINKAI H. Treatment of Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei with Roxithromycin: Report of two cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2336/nishinihonhifu.65.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
Tooth eruption requires the presence of the dental follicle, a loose connective tissue sac that surrounds each unerupted tooth. The follicle appears to regulate many of the cellular and molecular events of eruption, including the formation of osteoclasts needed to resorb alveolar bone to form an eruption pathway. To that end, the expression of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene was examined in the dental follicle as a possible regulator of osteoclastogenesis. TNF-alpha was expressed slightly in the dental follicle of the first mandibular molar of the rat beginning at day 3 postnatally, but maximal expression was seen at day 9, a time that correlates with a slight burst of osteoclast formation seen at day 10 postnatally. In vitro, TNF-alpha was not expressed constitutively in the follicle cells but incubating them with interleukin 1alpha resulted in a strong expression of TNF-alpha after only 0.5h. TNF-alpha itself enhanced monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression. It also slightly decreased the expression of osteoprotegerin after 3-h incubation but this returned to the control level at 6h. MCP-1 and VEGF could aid in recruiting mononuclear cells (osteoclast precursors) to the dental follicle. In addition to the potential role of TNF-alpha in tooth eruption, this study suggests that the periodontal ligament derived from the dental follicle might have the capacity to synthesize TNF-alpha, and thereby contribute to the destructive events of periodontitis.
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Garg A, Aggarwal BB. Nuclear transcription factor-kappaB as a target for cancer drug development. Leukemia 2002; 16:1053-68. [PMID: 12040437 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2001] [Accepted: 01/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a family of inducible transcription factors found virtually ubiquitously in all cells. Since its discovery by Sen and Baltimore in 1986, much has been discovered about its mechanisms of activation, its target genes, and its function in a variety of human diseases including those related to inflammation, asthma, atherosclerosis, AIDS, septic shock, arthritis, and cancer. Due to its role in a wide variety of diseases, NF-kappaB has become one of the major targets for drug development. Here, we review our current knowledge of NF-kappaB, the possible mechanisms of its activation, its potential role in cancer, and various strategies being employed to target the NF-kappaB signaling pathway for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garg
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Bioimmunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Macrolides are widely used as antibacterial drugs. Clinical and experimental data, however, indicate that they also modulate inflammatory responses, both contributing to the treatment of infective diseases and opening new opportunities for the therapy of other inflammatory conditions. Considerable evidence, mainly from in vitro studies, suggests that leukocytes and neutrophils in particular, are important targets for modulatory effects of macrolides on host defense responses. This underlies the use of the 14-membered macrolide erythromycin for the therapy of diffuse panbronchiolitis. A variety of other inflammatory mediators and processes are also modulated by macrolides, suggesting that the therapeutic indications for these drugs may be extended significantly in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Culić
- PLIVA d.d. Research Institute, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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