1
|
Ito T, Mori G, Oda Y, Hirano T, Sasaki H, Honma S, Furuya Y, Yajima Y. Clinical evaluation of periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peri-implantitis patients. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:105. [PMID: 34613503 PMCID: PMC8493538 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of peri-implantitis are similar to those of periodontitis, and the causative bacteria are believed to similar. Previous studies support an association between peri-implantitis and periodontal pathogen. Thus, we investigated the bacterial flora of peri-implantitis patients in comparison to those of healthy implant and periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 70 patients visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital were divided into four groups: healthy, periodontitis, healthy implant, and peri-implantitis. For each group, the following five periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. RESULTS The average copy number of total bacteria was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the other groups. P. gingivalis was detected in the periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups at levels as high as 18.92% and 12.29%, respectively, and P. intermedia was found in the peri-implantitis group at a rate of 2.06%. Nevertheless, periodontal pathogens were generally detected at lower levels in the peri-implantitis group than in the periodontitis group. CONCLUSION We found lower bacterial counts in the peri-implantitis group relative to the periodontitis group. Our results suggest that the peri-implant tissue is less resistant to bacteria, so even a small number of bacteria can be a risk factor for peri-implantitis and the causative agent of peri-implantitis can be bacteria other than periodontal pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan.
| | - Gentaro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Yukari Oda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hirano
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Honma
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Furuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fleetwood AJ, Lee MKS, Singleton W, Achuthan A, Lee MC, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Cook AD, Murphy AJ, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC, Hamilton JA. Metabolic Remodeling, Inflammasome Activation, and Pyroptosis in Macrophages Stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:351. [PMID: 28824884 PMCID: PMC5543041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacterial species most closely associated with periodontitis and can shed large numbers of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are increasingly thought to play a significant role in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. Macrophages are amongst the first immune cells to respond to bacteria and their products, so we sought to directly compare the response of macrophages to P. gingivalis or its purified OMVs. Macrophages stimulated with OMVs produced large amounts of TNFα, IL-12p70, IL-6, IL-10, IFNβ, and nitric oxide compared to cells infected with P. gingivalis, which produced very low levels of these mediators. Both P. gingivalis and OMVs induced a shift in macrophage metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, which was supported by enhanced lactate release, decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption with reduced spare respiratory capacity, as well as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Corresponding to this metabolic shift, gene expression analysis of macrophages infected with P. gingivalis or stimulated with OMVs revealed a broad transcriptional upregulation of genes critical to glycolysis and a downregulation of genes associated with the TCA cycle. Upon examination of inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis it was found that P. gingivalis did not activate the inflammasome in macrophages as the mature forms of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were not detected and there was no extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or 7-AAD staining. In comparison, macrophages stimulated with OMVs potently activated caspase-1, produced large amounts of IL-1β, IL-18, released LDH, and were positive for 7-AAD indicative of pyroptotic cell death. These data directly quantitate the distinct effects of P. gingivalis and its OMVs on macrophage inflammatory phenotype, mitochondrial function, inflammasome activation, and pyroptotic cell death that may have potential implications for their roles in chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William Singleton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ming-Chin Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lam RS, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Holden JA, Lenzo JC, Fong SB, Reynolds EC. Unprimed, M1 and M2 Macrophages Differentially Interact with Porphyromonas gingivalis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158629. [PMID: 27383471 PMCID: PMC4934774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in the development of chronic periodontitis. Tissue macrophages are amongst the first immune cells to respond to bacteria and depending on the cytokine profile at the infection site, macrophages are primed to react to infection in different ways. Priming of naive macrophages with IFN-γ produces a classical pro-inflammatory, antibacterial M1 macrophage after TLR ligation, whereas priming with IL-4 induces an anti-inflammatory tissue-repair M2 phenotype. Previous work has shown that M1 are preferentially generated in gingival tissue following infection with P. gingivalis. However, few studies have investigated the interactions of macrophage subsets with P. gingivalis cells. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of naive, M1 and M2 macrophages to phagocytose P. gingivalis and investigate how this interaction affects both the bacterial cell and the macrophage. M1 and M2 macrophages were both found to have enhanced phagocytic capacity compared with that of naive macrophages, however only the naive and M1 macrophages were able to produce a respiratory burst in order to clear the bacteria from the phagosome. P. gingivalis was found to persist in naive and M2, but not M1 macrophages for 24 hours. Phagocytosis of P. gingivalis also induced high levels of TNF-α, IL-12 and iNOS in M1 macrophages, but not in naive or M2 macrophages. Furthermore, infection of macrophages with P. gingivalis at high bacteria to macrophage ratios, while inducing an inflammatory response, was also found to be deleterious to macrophage longevity, with high levels of apoptotic cell death found in macrophages after infection. The activation of M1 macrophages observed in this study may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of a pro-inflammatory state during chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roselind S. Lam
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James A. Holden
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason C. Lenzo
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shao B. Fong
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imamura K, Takayama S, Saito A, Inoue E, Nakayama Y, Ogata Y, Shirakawa S, Nagano T, Gomi K, Morozumi T, Akiishi K, Watanabe K, Yoshie H. Evaluation of a novel immunochromatographic device for rapid and accurate clinical detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:4-10. [PMID: 26159910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An important goal for the improved diagnosis and management of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, is the development of rapid and accurate technologies for the decentralized detection of bacterial pathogens. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate the clinical use of a novel immunochromatographic device with monoclonal antibodies for the rapid point-of-care detection and semi-quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque. Sixty-three patients with chronic periodontitis and 28 periodontally healthy volunteers were subjected to clinical and microbiological examinations. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of P. gingivalis using a novel immunochromatography based device DK13-PG-001, designed to detect the 40k-outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis, and compared with a PCR-Invader method. In the periodontitis group, a significant strong positive correlation in detection results was found between the test device score and the PCR-Invader method (Spearman rank correlation, r=0.737, p<0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the test device were 96.2%, 91.8%, 90.4% and 96.7%, respectively. The detection threshold of the test device was determined to be approximately 10(4) (per two paper points). There were significant differences in the bacterial counts by the PCR-Invader method among groups with different ranges of device scores. With a cut-off value of ≥0.25 in device score, none of periodontally healthy volunteers were tested positive for the subgingival presence of P. gingivalis, whereas 76% (n=48) of periodontitis subjects were tested positive. There was a significant positive correlation between device scores for P. gingivalis and periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level (r=0.317 and 0.281, respectively, p<0.01). The results suggested that the DK13-PG-001 device kit can be effectively used for rapid, chair-side detection and semi-quantification of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000011943.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - S Takayama
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
| | - E Inoue
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Y Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - S Shirakawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - T Nagano
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - K Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - T Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - K Akiishi
- Reagent R&D Department, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd., 1359-1, Kagamida, Kigoshi, Gosen-shi, Niigata 959-1695, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd, 4-12-15-19F Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - H Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishii Y, Imamura K, Kikuchi Y, Miyagawa S, Hamada R, Sekino J, Sugito H, Ishihara K, Saito A. Point-of-care detection of Tannerella forsythia using an antigen-antibody assisted dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method. Microb Pathog 2015; 82:37-42. [PMID: 25812473 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The importance of periodontal treatment planning based on diagnosis with clinical detection of periodontal pathogens has been well recognized. However, reliable detection and quantification methods that can be conveniently used at chair-side have yet to be developed. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical use of a novel apparatus which uses an antigen-antibody reaction assisted dielectrophoretic impedance measurement (AA-DEPIM) for the detection of a prominent periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythia. A total of 15 patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, three periodontally healthy volunteers and two with gingivitis were subjected to clinical and microbiological examinations. Saliva samples were analyzed for the presence of T. forsythia using AA-DEPIM, PCR-Invader and real-time PCR methods. The measurement values for total bacteria and T. forsythia using the prototype AA-DEPIM apparatus were significantly greater in periodontitis group than those in healthy/gingivitis group. Using the AA-DEPIM apparatus with tentative cut-off values, T. forsythia was detected for 14 (12 with periodontitis and 2 either healthy or with gingivitis) out of 20 individuals. The measurement for the detection of T. forsythia by the AA-DEPIM method showed a significant positive correlation with the detection by PCR-Invader (r = 0.541, p = 0.01) and the real-time PCR method (r = 0.834, p = 0.01). When the PCR-Invader method was used as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of the AA-DEPIM method were 76.5% and 100%, respectively. The results suggested that the AA-DEPIM method has potential to be used for clinically evaluating salivary presence of T. forsythia at chair-side. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000012181.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Ishii
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyagawa
- Panasonic Healthcare, 2-38-5 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8433, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamada
- Panasonic Healthcare, 2-38-5 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8433, Japan
| | - Jin Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugito
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chitsazi MT, Shirmohammadi A, Pourabbas R, Abolfazli N, Farhoudi I, Daghigh Azar B, Farhadi F. Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Non-surgical Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2014; 8:153-9. [PMID: 25346834 PMCID: PMC4206757 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2014.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis.
Materials and methods. A total of 24 patients with clinical diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis received scaling and root planing (SRP) for periodontal treatment. In a split-mouth design study, the teeth of one quadrant of each arch with ≥4 mm of probing depth were selected randomly for additional treatment with PDT (test group). PDT was performed with a diode laser beam with a wavelength of 670-690 nm and a power of 75 Mw. The control group consisted of selected teeth of the contralateral quadrant (SRP only). Before any treatment, subgingival plaque samples were collected by an endodontic paper cone for microbiological analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetecommitans. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment loss (CAL) as primary outcome, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and gingival recession (REC) were measured at baseline and after 90 days. Inter-group and intra-group statistical analyses were performed.
Results. Treatment groups showed an improvement in all the clinical parameters and a significant reduction in the counts of A. actinomycetecommitans at 90 days compared to baseline (P < 0.05). None of the periodontal parameters exhibited significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the results did not show additional benefits from PDT as an adjunctive treatment for patients with aggressive periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Chitsazi
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Pourabbas
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Abolfazli
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Farhoudi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farrokh Farhadi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lam RS, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Lenzo JC, Holden JA, Brammar GC, Walsh KA, McNaughtan JE, Rowler DK, Van Rooijen N, Reynolds EC. Macrophage Depletion AbatesPorphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2349-62. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
Ito T, Yasuda M, Kaneko H, Sasaki H, Kato T, Yajima Y. Clinical evaluation of salivary periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients before dental implant treatment. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:977-82. [PMID: 23745964 PMCID: PMC4232322 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Periodontal pathogens in dental plaque are the main causative agents of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Detection of the presence of such periodontal pathogens early would serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the periodontal pathogen levels in saliva were correlated with the periodontal status of patients receiving implant treatment. Materials and Methods A total of 291 patients visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital were divided into four groups: a no-periodontitis (np) group, a mild-periodontitis (mip) group, a moderate-periodontitis (mop) group, and a severe-periodontitis (sp) group. The levels of the following five periodontal pathogens in saliva were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Results The levels of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were significantly higher in mop group than in np group (P < 0.05). The levels of all periodontal pathogens tested except A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in sp group than in np group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection levels of the periodontal pathogens targeted in saliva samples were correlated with the periodontal status. This suggests that using saliva to screen for periodontopathic bacteria offers an easier-to-use clinical tool than the paper point method in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugita N, Iwanaga R, Kobayashi T, Yoshie H. Association of the FcγRIIB-nt645+25A/G polymorphism with the expression level of the FcγRIIb receptor, the antibody response to Porphyromonas gingivalis and the severity of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:105-13. [PMID: 21906057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human FcγRIIb is an immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor that inhibits the activation of B lymphocytes through cross-linking with the B-cell receptor via immune complexes. This function acts as a negative regulator of antibody production. Our previous studies have demonstrated the gene polymorphisms in FcγRIIb to be associated with periodontitis. In this study, we presented a polymorphism--FcγRIIB-nt645+25A/G (rs2125685)--in intron 4 and analyzed its functional relevance to periodontitis. We examined whether the FcγRIIB-nt645+25A/G polymorphism is associated with periodontal parameters, the IgG response to the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and/or the expression level of FcγRIIb on peripheral B lymphocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with chronic periodontitis were genotyped with nested PCR and by direct sequencing of genome DNA. The levels of serum IgG and of specific IgG subclasses for P. gingivalis sonicate and for the recombinant 40-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) were determined. The expression levels of FcγRIIb on peripheral B lymphocytes from 19 healthy donors were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25AA genotype showed significantly higher mean clinical attachment levels compared to patients with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25GG genotype (p = 0.003) and a significantly lower IgG response to P. gingivalis sonicate and to the 40-kDa OMP. The expression levels of FcγRIIb protein on the cell surface in peripheral B lymphocytes were higher in healthy donors with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25AA genotype than in those with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25GG genotype (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The higher expression levels of FcγRIIb in subjects with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25AA genotype may induce a lower level of production of IgG against P. gingivalis and therefore more severe periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sugita
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Komiya Ito A, Ishihara K, Tomita S, Kato T, Yamada S. Investigation of Subgingival Profile of Periodontopathic Bacteria Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2010; 51:139-44. [DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.51.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
11
|
Honma Y, Sugita N, Kobayashi T, Abiko Y, Yoshie H. Lower antibody response toPorphyromonas gingivalisassociated with immunoglobulin G Fcγ receptor IIBpolymorphism. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:706-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
D'Ercole S, Catamo G, Piccolomini R. Diagnosis in Periodontology: A Further Aid Through Microbiological Tests. Crit Rev Microbiol 2008; 34:33-41. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410701693317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Iida K, Nishimura I. Gene expression profiling by DNA microarray technology. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2007; 13:35-50. [PMID: 12097236 DOI: 10.1177/154411130201300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methods in molecular and genetic biology have provided important clues to elucidate the complex mechanisms of oral and craniofacial development and pathogenesis of diseases. It has become increasingly clear that a biological phenotype is a result of multiple factors involving a large number of regulatory genes, while a single nucleotide mutation can cause various degrees of oral and craniofacial abnormalities. These oral and craniofacial problems often present a challenge to the molecular screening process. Recent advances in microarray-based technologies allow for large-scale gene expression analysis in a single experiment, which have been applied to genome-wide assays, mutational analysis, drug discovery, developmental biology, and molecular analysis of various diseases. This review introduces the basic principle and some modifications of techniques and materials used in microarray technology, as well as currently available microarray data analysis strategies. Microarray technology can be applied to the soon-to-be-available human genome database and will be a powerful research tool for those inquiring into specific problems associated with oral and craniofacial biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Iida
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Orrù G, Marini MF, Ciusa ML, Isola D, Cotti M, Baldoni M, Piras V, Pisano E, Montaldo C. Usefulness of real time PCR for the differentiation and quantification of 652 and JP2 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans genotypes in dental plaque and saliva. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:98. [PMID: 16772039 PMCID: PMC1539009 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study is to describe a fast molecular method, able to distinguish and quantize the two different genotypes (652 and JP2) of an important periodontal pathogen: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The two genotypes show differences in the expression of an important pathogenic factor: the leukotoxin (ltx). In order to evidence this, we performed a real time PCR procedure on the ltx operon, able to recognize Aa clinical isolates with different leukotoxic potentials. METHODS The specificity of the method was confirmed in subgingival plaque and saliva specimens collected from eighty-one Italian (Sardinian) subjects with a mean age of 43.9, fifty five (68 %) of whom had various clinical forms of periodontal disease. RESULTS This procedure showed a good sensitivity and a high linear dynamic range of quantization (10(7)-10(2) cells/ml) for all genotypes and a good correlation factor (R2 = 0.97-0.98). Compared with traditional cultural methods, this real time PCR procedure is more sensitive; in fact in two subgingival plaque and two positive saliva specimens Aa was only detected with the molecular method. CONCLUSION A low number of Sardinian patients was found positive for Aa infections in the oral cavity, (just 10 positive periodontal cases out of 81 and two of these were also saliva positive). The highly leukotoxic JP2 strain was the most representative (60 % of the positive specimens); the samples from periodontal pockets and from saliva showed some ltx genotype for the same patient. Our experience suggests that this approach is suitable for a rapid and complete laboratory diagnosis for Aa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germano Orrù
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Francesco Marini
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Universita' degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Dottorato di Ricerca in Parodontologia Sperimentale, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ciusa
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Isola
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Cotti
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Baldoni
- Universita' degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Dottorato di Ricerca in Parodontologia Sperimentale, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piras
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pisano
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Montaldo
- O.B.L. (Oral Biotechnology Laboratory), Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Odontostomatologia Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang HW, Huang YF, Chou MY. Occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1077-83. [PMID: 15455734 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and level of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) in subgingival plaque samples from both healthy individuals and periodontal patients in different age groups. METHODS A total of 498 subgingival plaque samples were studied. These samples were collected from 407 individuals diagnosed with periodontal disease (210 adult periodontitis [AP], 78 rapidly progressive periodontitis [RPP], and 119 refractory periodontitis [Ref-P] cases) and 91 healthy (H) subjects. P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis were detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay using species-specific polyclonal antisera to P. gingivalis strain (FDC 381) and T. forsythensis strain (FDC 335). The prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was compared by chi-square analysis. Differences in P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis levels among various periodontal status and age groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's multiple comparison tests. The association between the presence of P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis in different periodontal status and age groups was measured using odds ratios. RESULTS P. gingivalis was found in 85.7% (P < 0.0001) and T. forsythensis in 60.7% (P = 0.0002) of diseased subjects compared to 23.1% and 39.6%, respectively, in healthy subjects. P. gingivalis, but not T. forsythensis, was detected more frequently in any diseased group than in the H group in every age group (P<0.0001). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis among age groups, except T. forsythensis was more prevalent in the age group of 40 to 59 years than in the age group < 20 years (chi2 = 3.93, P = 0.047) in the H group. The mean level of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was significantly higher in diseased groups than in the H group (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio for P. gingivalis in the AP group (25.0) was greater than any other group for P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis compared to the H group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that P. gingivalis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis and that it may not be a normal inhabitant of periodontally healthy subjects. T. forsythensis is also important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease; however, whether it causes periodontal disease or is a secondary invader of periodontal lesions remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kawada M, Yoshida A, Suzuki N, Nakano Y, Saito T, Oho T, Koga T. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in relation to periodontal status assessed by real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:289-92. [PMID: 15327639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets. However, monitoring the number of bacterial cells is difficult. In this study, we performed quantitative analyses of P. gingivalis to clarify the relationship between the numbers of this organism and periodontal status. Using the TaqMan real-time PCR system, we found a significant positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between the number of P. gingivalis and pocket depth. The slope of the regression line indicated that for every 1-mm increase in pocket depth, the number of P. gingivalis increased 10- fold. There was also a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the numbers of P. gingivalis before and after treatment. These results suggest that the absolute and relative numbers of P. gingivalis are closely associated with periodontal status, and that quantitative analysis of this organism is important for the evaluation of periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Wen X, He H, Shi J, Ji C. Species-specific DNA probe for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from adult Chinese periodontal patients and healthy subjects. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1000-6. [PMID: 12931762 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.7.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with chronic periodontitis and its detection has been recommended as a routine marker for periodontal diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a DNA probe to detect P. gingivalis in adult Chinese periodontitis patients as well as to find a rapid and convenient method to detect P. gingivalis in clinical practice. METHODS A total of 26 bacterial strains (20 reference strains and 6 clinical isolates) were collected, of which 5 were P. gingivalis and 21 were heterologous species. A DNA fragment of 542 bp, which encodes the fimbriae subunit protein (fimA) of P. gingivalis, was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and molecular cloning techniques and used to construct the DNA probe, labeled with 32P or with digoxigenin. The constructed DNA probe was used to detect P. gingivalis in specimens collected from the periodontal pockets of 100 patients clinically confirmed with chronic periodontitis. One hundred periodontally healthy persons served as a control group. RESULTS Positive reactions were seen in all 5 strains of P. gingivalis while no visible reaction was found in other species. The DNA probe was capable of detecting as few as 100 P. gingivalis cells in samples. A significant difference in the positive rates of P. gingivalis between the periodontitis patients and the control group was found (P<0.01). In addition, the amount of detected P. gingivalis was positively correlated with the extent of tooth mobility, depth of periodontal pockets, and patient age (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The DNA probe is specific and sensitive for the detection of P. gingivalis in chronic periodontitis specimens and may be a suitable method for the clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luchuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital and Research Surgical Institute, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kook JK, Kim MK, Seong JH, Kim DK, Kim BO, Park JC, Kim KK, Choe SJ, Min BM. A new method for rapid screening of bacterial species- or subspecies-specific DNA probes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 219:121-7. [PMID: 12594033 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple assay for the rapid screening of bacterial species- or subspecies-specific DNA probes for the random cloning method is presented, involving the use of genomic DNAs as probes and recombinant plasmid DNAs containing genomic DNA digested with HindIII as targets. The optimal amount of target DNAs and the concentration of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA probes were 20 ng and 100 ng ml(-1) (or 10 ng and 200 ng ml(-1)), respectively. The method was applied to the development of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies-specific probes. Our results showed that four out of 96 probes were F. nucleatum subspecies-specific, which was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Our results indicate that the new method can be used for the rapid screening of species- or subspecies-specific probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong Ki Kook
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seo-Suk Dong, Dong-ku, 501-759, Gwang-ju, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsai CY, Wolff LF, Germaine G, Hodges J. A rapid DNA probe test compared to culture methods for identification of subgingival plaque bacteria. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:57-62. [PMID: 12702112 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.300109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant amount of interest in developing a more rapid and cost-effective test to identify bacterial pathogens in plaque. DNA probe technology may meet both these objectives, it is more rapid and cost-effective when compared to culture methods. The purpose of this study was to compare an automated DNA probe test with classical culture methods for identifying Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of patients with adult periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from sites with moderate to severe periodontitis and divided into two aliquots for analysis by either DNA probe or culture methods. When the DNA probe method was compared with the culture method (gold standard), the sensitivity and specificity for B. forsythus were 92.0% (SE = 3.4%) and 50.5% (SE = 7.8%), respectively; for P. gingivalis they were 52.2% (SE = 8.7%) and 74.7% (SE = 5.9%), respectively. Detection of B. forsythus and P. gingivalis by DNA probe correlated with probing depth (P = 0.01 for B. forsythus and P = 0.03 for P. gingivalis). It was concluded the DNA probe test was comparable to culture methods in detecting B. forsythus. In addition, when compared to the culture method, a better correlation was obtained with DNA probe detection of B. forsythus or P. gingivalis and clinical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yin Tsai
- Marquette University, School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|