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Fok MR, Jin L. Learn, unlearn, and relearn post-extraction alveolar socket healing: Evolving knowledge and practices. J Dent 2024; 145:104986. [PMID: 38574844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review was to offer a comprehensive analysis of currently available evidence on post-extraction alveolar socket healing, including i) the histological and molecular events during alveolar socket healing, ii) the dimensional ridge alterations after socket healing and controversies relating to sinus pneumatisation, iii) the patient-specific factors, procedural elements, and site-related variables influencing socket healing, iv) techniques and effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedure, and v) the philosophies and cost-effectiveness of ARP in clinical practice. SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION To investigate the dimensional profiles of the alveolar ridge following unassisted healing, an overview of systematic reviews was conducted in February 2024 by two independent reviewers. Four electronic databases were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane Library between 2004 and 2024 to identify all relevant systematic reviews on post-extraction healing. A further manual search of reviews was also conducted. The articles were further reviewed in full text for relevance. The AMSTAR-2 appraisal tool was adopted to assess methodological quality. Current research pertaining to other listed objectives was objectively analysed in narration. DATA 11 out of 459 retrieved studies were selected and ultimately covered in this review on the dimensional changes of alveolar ridge following natural healing: Seven systematic reviews and four systematic reviews with meta-analyses. The methodological quality of all included reviews was critically low. CONCLUSION This review thoroughly examines the healing profiles of post-extraction alveolar sockets and highlights the dynamic process with overlapping phases and the inter-individual variability in outcomes. ARP procedure is a potential strategy for facilitating prosthetic site development, while the current evidence is limited. Herein, an individualised and prosthetically driven approach is crucial. Further well sized and designed trials with novel biomaterials need to be undertaken, and the role of artificial intelligence in predicting healing and assisting clinical decision-making could be explored. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE By advancing our understanding of alveolar socket healing and its management strategies, clinicians can make more informed decisions regarding patient and site level assessment and selection, surgical techniques, and biomaterial choices, ultimately contributing to the enhanced healing process with reduced complications and improved quality of life for patients undergoing tooth extraction and dental implant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rachel Fok
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Pohl S. Effects of socket-shield therapy on inter-implant papilla preservation between upper central and lateral incisors: A case series with 3-5 year follow-up. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:144-152. [PMID: 37850392 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant progress within implant prosthetic therapy, preserving the papilla between two adjacent implants in the esthetic zone, particularly between central and lateral incisors, remains challenging. This case series aims to report a papilla preservation approach between adjacent upper central-lateral incisor implants using the socket-shield technique. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Six patients with natural dentition received unilateral adjacent central-lateral incisor implants with different socket shield configurations. The esthetic outcomes were clinically assessed after 3-5 years of follow-up. Post-operative papilla fill was evaluated on intraoral images compared to baseline characteristics and the contralateral papilla. Papilla height was preserved in all cases, with minimal alterations observed. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present case series, the socket-shield technique demonstrated favorable outcomes in preserving the papilla between adjacent upper central-lateral incisor implants in the midterm follow-up. Clinical studies are warranted to validate these results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The socket-shield technique seems promising in preserving the inter-implant papilla between adjacent central-lateral incisor implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Pohl
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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3
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Stefanini M, Rendón A, Zucchelli A, Sangiorgi M, Zucchelli G. Avoiding errors and complications related to immediate implant placement in the esthetic area with a mucogingival approach. Periodontol 2000 2023; 92:362-372. [PMID: 37365042 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Immediate implant placement is considered the treatment of choice for single tooth replacement in the esthetic area. However, this treatment is associated with several critical drawbacks related to the inadequate assessment/management of the soft and hard peri-implant tissues and their subsequent remodeling, resulting in peri-implant soft-tissue defects that can lead to impaired esthetic outcomes in time. We describe in detail how the mucogingival approach to immediate implant placement ensures a standard result regardless of the baseline soft-hard tissue situation. Fully guided implant placement guarantees an adequate three-dimensional implant placement, the flap design makes it possible to perform bone augmentation with complete visibility of the area being treated, allows soft tissue augmentation with proper fixation of the connective tissue graft, and the placement of an immediate provisional ensures stabilization of the peri-implant tissues throughout the healing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Periodontology Unit, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Rendón
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Periodontology Unit, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Sangiorgi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Periodontology Unit, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Periodontology Unit, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tianmitrapap P, Srisuwantha R, Laosrisin N. Flapless Er,Cr:YSGG laser versus traditional flap in crown lengthening procedure. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:89-95. [PMID: 35028024 PMCID: PMC8739276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Laser technology and minimally invasive therapy has gained attention in many dentistry fields. Er,Cr:YSGG laser is the latest laser type that can be applied on both soft tissue and hard tissue. This study presents periodontal outcome of Er,Cr:YSGG laser flapless crown lengthening procedure compared with traditional technique. Materials and methods Twenty-five participants were divided into two groups: 13 patients were treated with the traditional method of crown lengthening and 12 patients were treated using a flapless Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Their periodontal status were measured and compared at baseline, immediately, one month, and three months after surgery. Results The results showed a significant increase in clinical crown length immediately after surgery in both groups. After a three-month follow-up, the gingival margin of the laser group remained at stable height with 0.17 ± 0.31 mm increase after surgery, while the gingival margin of traditional group showed both recession and rebounding by -0.13 ± 0.63 mm (p > 0.05) average. Conclusion The flapless Er,Cr:YSGG laser crown lengthening with its minimally invasive approach without flap reflection may be an alternative treatment for providing an adequate height of tooth for restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rungtiwa Srisuwantha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narongsak Laosrisin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Long-Term Assessment of Periodontal Tissues after Corticotomy-Assisted Orthodontic Arch Expansion. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235588. [PMID: 34884290 PMCID: PMC8658363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was the long-term assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues after corticotomy-assisted orthodontic expansion in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a group of 18 adults (9 women, 9 men) aged between 24 and 40 years who were at least 5 years post treatment. The following parameters were assessed: the full mouth plaque index (FMPI), full mouth bleeding on probing (FMBOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession height (GR), recession width (RW), papilla height (PH), papilla width (PW), bone sounding (BS), phenotype, and KT. RESULTS During examination performed at least 5 years after the completion of orthodontic treatment, the values of PD and CAL were found to be considerably decreased compared to the examination one year post treatment (PD: -0.23; 95% Cl: -0.29, -0.16) (CAL: -0.04; 95% Cl: -0.17, 0.10). The other parameters-FMPI, FMBOP, GR, RW, PH, PW, BS, phenotype, and KT-did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic arch expansion does not have a negative effect on the periodontium in long-term observations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Orthodontic arch expansion can lead to bone dehiscence and gingival recession. Long-term observations revealed that corticotomy-assisted orthodontic expansion of the upper arch is not followed by negative changes in periodontal status.
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Effect of Using a Plastic Stent with Apically Repositioned Flap in Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5590400. [PMID: 34113381 PMCID: PMC8154274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to clinically assess and compare the width of peri-implant keratinized mucosa following the use of a readymade plastic stent with apically repositioned flap versus conventional apically repositioned flap with papillary sparing incisions during single-stage implant placement protocol. Materials and Methods A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this study. In the test group, a prefabricated implant-retained stent was clipped on the healing abutment after implant surgery to reposition the keratinized tissue buccoapically. In the control group, simple interrupted sutures were applied instead of using a stent. After the surgical procedure, the width of the buccal keratinized mucosa was measured at the mesial, middle, and distal aspects of the healing abutment. The change in the width of the buccal keratinized mucosa was assessed at 3 months and 6 months. Results No statistically significant difference was found between the stent group and control group in 6 months' interval where p=0.840, where both groups showed the same mean value of 4.70 ± 0.35 and 4.70 ± 0.63, respectively. The percent of change in the width of KM was found to be higher in the stent group than in the control group with no statistical significance. Conclusion The use of a readymade plastic stent in combined full/partial-thickness apically repositioned flap shows to be effective in increasing the width of KM compared to the conventional technique. This trial is registered with NCT03754894.
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Role of UDP-Sugar Receptor P2Y 14 in Murine Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082747. [PMID: 32326617 PMCID: PMC7216066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic (P2) receptor P2Y14 is the only P2 receptor that is stimulated by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugars and its role in bone formation is unknown. We confirmed P2Y14 expression in primary murine osteoblasts (CB-Ob) and the C2C12-BMP2 osteoblastic cell line (C2-Ob). UDP-glucose (UDPG) had undiscernible effects on cAMP levels, however, induced dose-dependent elevations in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in CB-Ob, but not C2-Ob cells. To antagonize the P2Y14 function, we used the P2Y14 inhibitor PPTN or generated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated P2Y14 knockout C2-Ob clones (Y14KO). P2Y14 inhibition facilitated calcium signalling and altered basal cAMP levels in both models of osteoblasts. Importantly, P2Y14 inhibition augmented Ca2+ signalling in response to ATP, ADP and mechanical stimulation. P2Y14 knockout or inhibition reduced osteoblast proliferation and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increased AMPKα phosphorylation. During in vitro osteogenic differentiation, P2Y14 inhibition modulated the timing of osteogenic gene expression, collagen deposition, and mineralization, but did not significantly affect differentiation status by day 28. Of interest, while P2ry14-/- mice from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium were similar to wild-type controls in bone mineral density, their tibia length was significantly increased. We conclude that P2Y14 in osteoblasts reduces cell responsiveness to mechanical stimulation and mechanotransductive signalling and modulates osteoblast differentiation.
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Ghosh M, Halperin-Sternfeld M, Grinberg I, Adler-Abramovich L. Injectable Alginate-Peptide Composite Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E497. [PMID: 30939729 PMCID: PMC6523611 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for tissue engineering scaffolds capable of inducing bone regeneration using minimally invasive techniques prompts the need for the development of new biomaterials. Herein, we investigate the ability of Alginate incorporated with the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF) peptide composite hydrogel to serve as a potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the self-assembling peptide, FmocFF, in sodium alginate leads to the production of a rigid, yet injectable, hydrogel without the addition of cross-linking agents. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a nanofibrous structure which mimics the natural bone extracellular matrix. The formed composite hydrogel exhibits thixotropic behavior and a high storage modulus of approximately 10 kPA, as observed in rheological measurements. The in vitro biocompatibility tests carried out with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells demonstrate good cell viability and adhesion to the hydrogel fibers. This composite scaffold can induce osteogenic differentiation and facilitate calcium mineralization, as shown by Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and RT-PCR analysis. The high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and similarity to the native extracellular matrix suggest the utilization of this hydrogel as a temporary three-dimensional cellular microenvironment promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Michal Halperin-Sternfeld
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Itzhak Grinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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9
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Chukkapalli SS, Lele TP. Periodontal cell mechanotransduction. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180053. [PMID: 30209038 PMCID: PMC6170509 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is a structurally and functionally complex tissue that facilitates the anchorage of teeth in jaws. The periodontium consists of various cell types including stem cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Cells of the periodontium are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses generated by biological processes such as the chewing motions of teeth, by flows generated by tongue motions and by forces generated by implants. Mechanical stresses modulate the function of cells in the periodontium, and may play a significant role in the development of periodontal disease. Here, we review the literature on the effect of mechanical forces on periodontal cells in health and disease with an emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Molecular Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Girbés-Ballester P, Viña-Almunia J, Balaguer-Martí JC, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Peñarrocha-Oltra D. Effect of incision design on interproximal bone loss of teeth adjacent to single implants. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing intrasulcular vs paramarginal incision. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:367-374. [PMID: 29453772 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of incision design in implant surgery on interproximal bone loss of posterior teeth adjacent to interdental single implants, comparing intrasulcular and paramarginal incision. A further aim was to assess the influence of the incision technique on peri-implant bone remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS A controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out in a University Clinic. All the patients received an interdental posterior single implant. The incision type was randomly divided into two groups: (a) intrasulcular or (b) paramarginal. Standardized periapical digital radiographs were made with the parallel technique and a silicone index individualized in each patient. Radiographs were made immediately after implant placement, at abutment connection, 6 and 12 months post-loading. Two radiographic reference points were detected at the interproximal aspect of the adjacent teeth: (A) the cementoenamel junction and (B) the most coronal aspect of the bone crest. The interproximal bone loss of the adjacent teeth was calculated as the difference from A to B between the different follow-up periods and baseline. Two different examiners evaluated the radiographic measurements twice. RESULTS Sixty patients, each with one implant, were included, 30 in each group. A mean interproximal bone loss in teeth of 0.09 mm in the intrasulcular and 0.10 mm in the paramarginal group was found at 12 months post-loading. Mean peri-implant bone remodeling was 0.17 mm in the intrasulcular group and 0.15 mm in the paramarginal group. Differences between incision types were not statistically significant (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Both incision designs used to place interdental single implants resulted in minimum bone loss at the interproximal aspect of adjacent teeth. The incision design did not significantly influence the radiographically assessed interproximal bone loss nor peri-implant bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Girbés-Ballester
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Master's program in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Viña-Almunia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Master's program in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose C Balaguer-Martí
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Master's program in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Master's program in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Peñarrocha-Oltra
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Master's program in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Extracellular ATP is a key modulator of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:131-135. [PMID: 28528307 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are initiated by pathogenic bacterial biofilm activity that induces a host inflammatory cells immune response, degradation of dento gingival fibrous tissue and its detachment from root cementum. It is well accepted, that osteoclastic alveolar bone loss is governed exclusively through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that once degradation of collagen fibers by MMPs occurs, a drop of cellular strains cause immediate release of ATP from marginal gingival fibroblasts, cell deformation and influx of Ca+2. Increased extracellular ATP (eATP) by interacting with P2×7 purinoreceptors, present on fibroblasts and osteoblasts, induces generation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) that further activates osteoclastic alveolar bone resorption and bone loss. In addition, increased eATP levels may amplify inflammation by promoting leukocyte recruitment and NALP3-inflammasome activation via P2×7. Then, the inflammatory cells secrete cytokines, interleukin IL-1, TNF and RANKL that further trigger alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, eATP can be secreted from periodontal bacteria that may further contribute to inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis. It seems therefore, that eATP is a key modulator that initiates the pathway of alveolar bone resorption and bone loss in patients with periodontal disease. In conclusion, we propose that strain release in gingival fibroblasts aligned on collagen fibers, due to activity of MMP, activates release of ATP that triggers the pathway of alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. We predict that by controlling the eATP interaction with its cellular purinoreceptors will reduce significantly bone loss in periodontitis.
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Impact of Second Stage Surgery on Bone Remodeling Around New Hybrid Titanium Implants: A Prospective Clinical Study in Humans. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:121-128. [PMID: 28060023 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present prospective study aimed to more precisely identify the time points of bone changes around hybrid titanium implants up to 30 months of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve hybrid T3 implants (Biomet 3i) were placed in 9 healthy patients with the 2-stage surgical approach. Standardized digital Rx were taken at implant insertion (T0); healing-abutment connection after 3.1 ± 0.2 weeks (TX); loading stage after 7.5 ± 0.6 weeks (T1); after 12 months (T2); and after 30 months (T3) of functional loading. The marginal bone loss was digitally measured. RESULTS The mean marginal bone loss was 0.76 ± 0.37 mm after 30 months. More than 60% (0.42 ± 0.29 mm) of the bone loss took place at healing-abutment connection (TX-T1). No statistically significant bone loss was found between T1-T2 and T2-T3, after 12 and 30 months, respectively. Approximately 40% of bone loss (0.34 mm) was noted between T1 and T3 (P < 0.05), which corresponds to the loading period. CONCLUSIONS The implant-oral environment connection represents a critical step point in crestal bone loss. The amount of marginal bone loss, measured after 30 months of loading (T1-T3), was much less than that reported in the literature, showing that correct loading has a minor impact on the periimplant bone remodeling as compared to surgical implant reopening.
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13
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Fischer KR, Stavropoulos A, Calvo-Guirado JL, Schneider D, Fickl S. Influence of local administration of pamidronate on extraction socket healing--a histomorphometric proof-of-principle pre-clinical in vivo evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1135-42. [PMID: 25219296 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of local administration of pamidronate histomorphometrically, adsorbed on a collagenated porcine bone substitute, on extraction socket healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two American Fox-hound dogs were used within this proof-of-principle study. Following endodontic treatment of the distal root of the three lower premolars, the teeth were hemisected, and the mesial roots were extracted flapless. The sockets were then loosely filled, in a split-mouth fashion, with a collagenated porcine bone substitute (Osteobiol Gen-Os; CPB), rehydrated either with 90 mg/ml pamidronate (Aredia(®) ; test) or with sterile saline (control). Extraction sockets were sealed with connective tissue punches obtained from the palate and secured with sutures. After 4 months of healing, specimens containing the socket sites and remaining roots were retrieved and histomorphometrically examined. RESULTS Histological evaluation of the sections revealed substantial differences in healing patterns. Control sites presented with various amounts of newly formed bone and no evidence of CPB inside the socket; in contrast, limited amounts of bone were observed at test sites, which were filled with CPB mainly embedded in connective tissue. Only minor differences were observed between test and control sites regarding vertical bone loss (buccal bone: -1.01 mm vs. -1.15 mm; lingual bone: -0.92 mm vs. -1.15 mm). Horizontal bone loss was nearly three times higher in control sites comparing to sites treated with pamidronate (-2.19 ± 1.81 mm vs. -0.80 ± 0.91 mm) at a level corresponding to 3 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). CONCLUSION Local administration of pamidronate adsorbed on a collagenated porcine bone substitute in particulate form appeared to delay extraction socket healing, but may also reduce post-extraction dimensional changes in terms of horizontal bone width. Additionally, pamidronate appears to obstruct resorption of the porcine bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.,Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José-Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Schneider
- Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fickl
- Department of Periodontology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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14
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Scarabelot VL, Cavagni J, Medeiros LF, Detânico B, Rozisky JR, de Souza A, Daudt LD, Gaio EJ, Ferreira MBC, Rösing CK, Battastini AMO, Torres ILS. Periodontal disease and high doses of inhaled corticosteroids alter NTPDase activity in the blood serum of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:841-7. [PMID: 24863659 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain drugs such as glucocorticoids may interfere with the modulation of periodontal disease. In contrast, corticosteroid treatment has been associated with a protective effect with regard to periodontal breakdown, depending on the dose, pathway, and exposure time. Considering the potential relevance of nucleotidases in coordinating the cardiovascular system and inflammation processes, the aim of this study was to investigate the nucleotidase activities in the blood serum of rats with periodontal disease exposed chronically to inhaled corticosteroids. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (n=26) were randomly assigned to one of the following four study groups: a control group that received no intervention; a periodontal disease group that received saline solution; a 'low dose' group that received 30 μg of budesonide daily; and a corresponding 'high dose' group that received 100 μg daily over a 15-day time course. The hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP were analysed in blood serum. RESULTS Periodontal disease diminished the hydrolysis of ATP and enhanced the hydrolysis of ADP. Repeated administration of either a low or high dose in the periodontal disease model of inhaled corticosteroids reversed the observed increase in ADP hydrolysis, and only the repeated administration of low doses of inhaled corticosteroids was able to reverse the decrease in the hydrolysis of ATP induced by periodontal disease. CONCLUSION The variables investigated in this study may be involved in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease and may participate in the mechanisms that mediate the development of some of the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Scarabelot
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliano Cavagni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane F Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Detânico
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joanna R Rozisky
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dondonis Daudt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: modelos animais - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Tissue response following papilla-sparing and sulcular incisions in oral surgery--an experimental study. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1313-1317. [PMID: 23921851 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to compare tissue reduction following papilla-sparing and sulcular incisions in oral surgical indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five beagle dogs were used. Three months after tooth extraction of P2-M1, notches were prepared at the height of the interproximal gingiva into M2 and P1. Papilla-sparing and sulcular incisions were randomly performed, full-thickness flaps elevated and flaps repositioned. Three months postoperatively, tissue reduction was assessed using a digital calliper, mean values were calculated per group and analysed using a Wilcoxon matched-pair rank test. RESULTS Papilla-sparing incisions revealed significantly less (p < 0.05) tissue reduction than sulcular incision techniques. CONCLUSION Papilla-sparing incisions seem to induce less tissue response following flap surgery compared to sulcular incisions in oral surgical indications. Nevertheless, tissue reduction was seen in both groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For surgical approaches without the necessity of direct access to the root surface (i.e., implantology, oral surgery), papilla-sparing incisions may be superior compared to sulcular incisions.
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Binderman I, Gadban N, Yaffe A. Cytoskeletal disease: a role in the etiology of adult periodontitis. Oral Dis 2013; 20:10-6. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Binderman
- Department of Oral Biology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger; School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - N Gadban
- Department of Oral Biology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger; School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - A Yaffe
- Department of Prosthodontics; Haddasah Faculty of Dental Medicine; Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
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Young L, Binderman I, Yaffe A, Beni L, Vardimon AD. Fiberotomy enhances orthodontic tooth movement and diminishes relapse in a rat model. Orthod Craniofac Res 2013; 16:161-8. [PMID: 23323644 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by procedures that include mucoperiosteum flap surgery and surgical scarring of cortical bone. Our aim was to test whether fiberotomy by itself will accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and diminish relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 34 Wistar rats, alveolar bone resorption and molar tooth movement were measured after fiberotomy, apical full-thickness flap without detachment of gingiva from the roots, or no surgery. Orthodontic appliance was installed at time of surgery and activated for 14 days, generating movement of the first maxillary molar buccal and then removed. RESULTS Percent of sections in which alveolar bone resorption was detected was significantly higher (p < 0.05) after fiberotomy (27%) in comparison with apical flap surgery (12%) or no surgery (6%), after 30 days. Also, at the end of active phase, the molar moved significantly faster (p < 0.01) and twice the distance after fiberotomy (0.54 ± 0.33) in comparison with apical surgery (0.26 ± 0.12) or no surgery (0.3 ± 0.09). Sixteen days after the appliance was removed, only 12% relapse was recorded in the fiberotomy group, while almost total relapse in other two groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that fiberotomy solely accelerated orthodontic tooth movement and diminished relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Young
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Lambert F, Vincent K, Vanhoutte V, Seidel L, Lecloux G, Rompen E. A methodological approach to assessing alveolar ridge preservation procedures in humans: hard tissue profile. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:887-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
| | - Kim Vincent
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
| | - Vanessa Vanhoutte
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Lecloux
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
| | - Eric Rompen
- Head of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Liege; Liege; Belgium
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19
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Saulacic N, Schaller B, Iizuka T, Buser D, Hug C, Bosshardt DD. Analysis of New Bone Formation Induced by Periosteal Distraction in a Rat Calvarium Model. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2011; 15:283-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Fickl S, Kebschull M, Schupbach P, Zuhr O, Schlagenhauf U, Hürzeler MB. Bone loss after full-thickness and partial-thickness flap elevation. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 38:157-62. [PMID: 21118288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES the aim of this study was to histologically assess whether elevation of partial-thickness flaps results in reduced bone alterations, as compared with full-thickness flap preparations. MATERIAL AND METHODS in five beagle dogs, both mandibular second premolars (split-mouth design) were subjected to one of the following treatments: Tx1: elevation of a partial-thickness flap over the mesial root of P(2) and performing a notch at the height of the bone. Tx2: elevation of a full-thickness flap over the mesial root of P(2) and performing a notch at the height of the bone. After 4 months, sections were evaluated for: (i) vertical bone loss and (ii) osteoclastic activity using histometry. RESULTS elevation of both full- and partial-thickness flaps results in bone loss and elevated osteoclastic activity. Partial-thickness flaps can result in less bone loss than full-thickness flaps, but are subject to some variability. CONCLUSION use of partial-thickness flaps does not prevent from all bone loss. The procedure may result most of the times in less bone loss than the elevation of full-thickness flaps. Further research has to evaluate the determinants of effective outcomes of partial-thickness flap procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fickl
- Department of Periodontology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Trombelli L, Simonelli A, Pramstraller M, Wikesjö UM, Farina R. Single Flap Approach With and Without Guided Tissue Regeneration and a Hydroxyapatite Biomaterial in the Management of Intraosseous Periodontal Defects. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1256-63. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Binderman I, Gadban N, Bahar H, Herman A, Yaffe A. Un commentaire sur : le mouvement orthodontique accéléré par stimulation ostéogénique du parodonte – une alternative clinique. Int Orthod 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Binderman I, Gadban N, Bahar H, Herman A, Yaffe A. Commentary on: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) – a clinical dilemma. Int Orthod 2010; 8:268-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Franceschetti G, Calura G. Single-Flap Approach With Buccal Access in Periodontal Reconstructive Procedures. J Periodontol 2009; 80:353-60. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Jentsch H, Purschwitz R. A clinical study evaluating the treatment of supra-alveolar-type defects with access flap surgery with and without an enamel matrix protein derivative: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:713-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Rivaldo EG, Padilha DMP, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Rybu BR. Reproducibility of a hemi mandible positioning device and a method for measuring alveolar bone loss area in mice. J Oral Sci 2008; 49:13-7. [PMID: 17429177 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the reproducibility of a positioning device and a method for measuring the area of alveolar bone loss (ABL) in hemi mandibles of mice. Mucoperiosteal flaps were raised in CF1 Mus domesticus mice (n = 10) on the buccal aspects of the left side of the mandibles. Twenty-one days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and the mandibles were resected and stained with 1% toluidine blue. Two positioning devices, one for the buccal and the other for lingual aspect, were fabricated to keep the hemi mandibles in a standard position. The reliabilities of the positioning device and the method for measuring ABL area were analyzed using two series of pictures. The photographs were digitized and ABL measured as the exposed root area. Measurements were performed by two blinded examiners using image analysis software. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the positioning method ranged from -1.5 to +1.33 mm, while intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurement technique ranged from -3.37 to 14.70. Our results indicate that, due to the small variation observed in ABL area assessment, the positioning device and method for measuring ABL area represent useful techniques for evaluating ABL in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elken G Rivaldo
- Geriatric and Gerontology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Binderman I, Bahar H, Jacob-Hirsch J, Zeligson S, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Shoham S, Yaffe A. P2X4 is up-regulated in gingival fibroblasts after periodontal surgery. J Dent Res 2007; 86:181-5. [PMID: 17251520 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that surgical detachment of marginal gingiva close to the cervical cementum of molar teeth in a rat mandible is a distinct stimulus for alveolar bone resorption. Recently, we found that P2X4, an ATP-receptor, is significantly up-regulated in marginal gingival cells soon after surgery. We hypothesized that local release of ATP signaling through P2X4 elicits activation of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone surface. In this study, we identified intense immunoreactivity of gingival fibroblasts to P2X4-specific antibodies and a 6.4-fold increase in expression by real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, a single local application, at the time of surgery, of Apyrase (which degrades ATP) or Coomassie Brilliant Blue (an antagonist of purinoreceptors) significantly reduced alveolar bone loss. We propose that ATP flowing from cells after surgery can directly activate P2X4 receptors in the sensor cells of marginal gingiva through Ca(2+) signaling, or by direct activation of osteoclasts on the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Binderman
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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28
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Yaffe A, Bahar H, Binderman I. Topical Application of Drugs Influencing Cytoskeleton and Cell Contractility Affects Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats. J Periodontol 2006; 77:826-31. [PMID: 16671875 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that sectioning bundles of collagen fibers in the marginal gingiva during surgical procedures in animals is a distinct stimulus for alveolar bone resorption. Normally, gingival and periodontal fibroblasts, which reside on these collagen fibers, create physiological traction forces generated by the cytoskeleton. By splitting the fibers, traction forces are released, inducing changes in the cytoskeleton and cell shape. In this study, four drugs were selected, including cytochalasin D, EDTA, sodium orthovanadate, and H-7, all influencing the cytoskeleton-integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM) pathway, for their ability to reduce alveolar bone loss by local application. METHODS The drugs were applied locally only once at the site of mucoperiosteal flap surgery in a rat model. Cytochalasin D (1 microl/microl), EDTA (0.24 mg/microl), sodium orthovanadate (0.02 mg/microl), and H-7 (0.10 microl/microl), each separately, were carried by a protective paste and placed immediately after elevating the flap. The analysis of alveolar bone loss was performed 3 weeks after surgery by scanning the microradiographic films of the mandible cross-sections. The percentages of cross sections with no, moderate, or severe bone loss in treated in comparison to non-treated rats are presented. RESULTS EDTA, sodium orthovanadate, and H-7 were significantly effective in reducing alveolar bone loss. They were effective in reducing the amount of severe bone loss by 53%, 20%, and 58% while increasing the number of sections with no bone loss by 25%, 23%, and 35%, respectively. Cytochalasin D reduced alveolar bone loss insignificantly. CONCLUSION EDTA, sodium orthovanadate, and H-7 are effective in reducing alveolar bone loss in rats following mucoperiosteum surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinoam Yaffe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal studies have shown a positive correlation between aging and alveolar bone loss (ABL). The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the study of ABL in mice and aging. METHODS Mucoperiosteal flap surgery (MFS) was performed on the buccal aspect of the left side of the mandible (BL) in 72 CF(1) Mus domesticus mice and divided into three groups as follows: males, breeding (non-virgin) females, and virgin females. The MFS was performed in 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old animals under anesthesia. The buccal aspects of right hemimandibles were used as controls (BR). Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 21 days after surgery. Mandibles were removed, defleshed, stained with toluidine blue, and photographed in a microscope. The photographs were digitized, and ABL was measured as the exposed root surface area (mm(2)). Blinded measurements were performed using a computer-assisted image analysis system. RESULTS In terms of alveolar bone loss, the BL (operated) area showed a significant difference (paired Student t test; P <0.001) when compared to the BR area in all three groups. Sex and breeding differences were not observed in this experiment. ABL in the left hemimandibles was significantly larger in 3- (mean: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.80) and 12-month-old animals (mean: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.71) than in 6- (mean: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.46) and 9-month-old animals (mean: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.48); P <0.001. CONCLUSION The results suggest that 3-month-old CF(1) mice, in a sex and breeding independent process, could be a useful model for provoked alveolar bone loss studies in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elken G Rivaldo
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Nobuto T, Imai H, Suwa F, Kono T, Suga H, Jyoshi K, Obayashi K. Microvascular response in the periodontal ligament following mucoperiosteal flap surgery. J Periodontol 2003; 74:521-8. [PMID: 12747458 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the mucoperiosteal flap is elevated, the gingivo-periosteal vascular plexus and periodontal ligament (PDL) vascular plexus sever their connection with the circulatory tracts that pass through alveolar bone. We studied the effect exerted on the PDL vascular plexus during restoration of the circulatory tract. METHODS We performed experimental mucoperiosteal flap surgery in adult beagle dogs. Histological specimens, prepared after injecting India ink into the blood vessels on postoperative days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42, were examined under a light microscope. In addition, vascular corrosion cast specimens of the PDL, into which acrylic resin was injected, were observed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS On postoperative day 5, the PDL vascular plexus had formed new blood vessels toward the bone side and root side, and bone resorption of the alveolar bone proper had initiated primarily around the opening of the Volkmann's canal. From postoperative day 7 to 14, the PDL vascular plexus formed new vessels on the bone side and root side accompanied by bone resorption of the alveolus, and demonstrated a complicated vascular architecture, which gradually organized and transformed into a mesh structure from postoperative day 21. Osteogenesis was initiated and encircled the newly formed vessels, and the alveolar bone proper recovered to a flat morphology. Judging from the quantity of new vessels and bone resorption, the width of the PDL space seemed to be the greatest on postoperative day 14. CONCLUSIONS When the mucoperiosteal flap was elevated, active wound healing was activated because of angiogenesis from the PDL, which possesses a microcirculatory system. Moreover, it was suggested that angiogenesis of the PDL vascular plexus and subsequent bone resorption of alveolar bone might temporarily reduce the tooth-supporting function and cause postoperative mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nobuto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan.
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Binderman I, Bahar H, Yaffe A. Strain relaxation of fibroblasts in the marginal periodontium is the common trigger for alveolar bone resorption: a novel hypothesis. J Periodontol 2002; 73:1210-5. [PMID: 12416781 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.10.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In summary, the present commentary proposes a hypothesis that alveolar bone remodeling and bone loss in periodontitis, periodontal surgery, and in orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by a common "strain relaxation" signaling pathway of gingival and periodontal fibroblasts. The abrupt splitting, degradation, or relaxation of collagen fibers in the marginal periodontium produces a "strain relaxation" signal in the local fibroblasts which reside on these fibers, activating an ECM-integrin-cytoskeleton pathway. A cascade of cellular reactions which lead to osteoclastic bone resorption starting on the inner aspect (periodontal) of the alveolar bone then persists. A novel therapeutic approach is suggested here by using locally delivered drugs intervening in the cell contractile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Binderman
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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