1
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the role of proinflammatory cytokines in drug-induced gingival enlargement in Indian population. AIM To evaluate for the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in drug-induced gingival enlargement and to compare it with healthy control in the absence of enlargement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients selected for the study and divided into control group (10) and study group (25) consisting of phenytoin (10); cyclosporin (10) and nifedipine (5) induced gingival enlargement. Gingival overgrowth index of Seymour was used to assess overgrowth and allot groups. Under LA, incisional biopsy done, tissue sample fixed in 10% formalin and immunohistochemically evaluated for the presence of IL-6 using LAB-SA method, Labeled- Streptavidin-Biotin Method (LAB-SA kit from Zymed- 2(nd) generation LAB-SA detection system, Zymed Laboratories, CA). The results of immunohistochemistry were statistically analyzed using Kruskaal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The data obtained from immunohistochemistry assessment shows that drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) samples express more IL-6 than control group and cyclosporin expresses more IL-6 followed by phenytoin and nifedipine. CONCLUSION Increased IL-6 expression was noticed in all three DIGO groups in comparison with control group. Among the study group, cyclosporin expressed maximum IL-6 expression followed by phenytoin and nifedipine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Ganesh
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Government Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma S, Liu W, Liu P, Liu J, Chen L, Qin C. Tanshinone IIA treatment alleviated the rat gingival connective tissue overgrowth induced by cyclosporine A. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:567-76. [PMID: 26547660 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ma
- Department of Periodontics; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - W. Liu
- Department of Periodontics; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - P. Liu
- Department of Periodontics; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Periodontics; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - L. Chen
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory; the First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - C. Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis; Texas, A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry; Dallas TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
La VD, Bergeron C, Gafner S, Grenier D. Grape seed extract suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by macrophages and inhibits human MMP-1 and -9 activities. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1875-82. [PMID: 19905958 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in response to Gram-negative periodontopathogens play a major role in the tissue destruction observed during periodontitis, a disease that affects tooth-supporting structures. In this study, we investigated the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on MMP secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and on the activity of human recombinant MMP-1 and -9. METHODS Macrophages were treated with various concentrations of GSE prior to being stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. The secretion of MMPs and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of GSE on the catalytic activity of human recombinant MMP-1 and -9 was tested using fluorogenic assays. RESULTS GSE inhibited the secretion of MMP-1, -3, -7, -8, -9, and -13 by LPS-stimulated macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The suppression of MMP secretion was associated with inhibition of NF-kappaB p65 and AP-1 activation. Also, GSE dose-dependently inhibited the activity of MMP-1 and -9. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that GSE may be potentially used in the development of novel host-modulating strategies for the treatment of MMP-mediated disorders such as periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Dang La
- Research Group in Oral Ecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tu HP, Chen YT, Chiu HC, Chin YT, Huang SM, Cheng LC, Fu E, Chiang CY. Cyclosporine A enhances apoptosis in gingival keratinocytes of rats and in OECM1 cells via the mitochondrial pathway. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:767-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Chiu HC, Lu YT, Chin YT, Tu HP, Chiang CY, Gau CH, Nieh S, Fu E. Cyclosporine A inhibits the expression of membrane type-I matrix metalloproteinase in gingiva. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:338-47. [PMID: 19210333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Membrane type-I matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) regulate the activation of MMP-2; however, their roles in the activation of MMP-2 in gingiva during treatment with cyclosporine A are still unknown. Therefore, the expressions of membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2, as well as MMP-2, in gingivae upon treatment with cyclosporine A were examined in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-four rats were divided into two groups after edentulous ridges were established. The experimental group received 30 mg/kg/d of cyclosporine A and the control group received vehicle. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were killed, the gingivae were obtained and the expression of mRNA and protein of membrane type-I MMP, TIMP-2 and MMP-2 in gingiva were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In human gingival fibroblasts, the activity of MMP-2 and the expression of MMP-2, membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2 mRNAs were examined (using zymography and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively) after treatment with cyclosporine A. RESULTS In gingivae of rats, cyclosporine A significantly decreased the expression of mRNA and protein of membrane type-I MMP, but not of TIMP-2. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA was unaffected but the expression of MMP-2 protein showed a significant decrease upon treatment with cyclosporine A. In fibroblast culture medium, the presence of cyclosporine A induced a decrease in MMP-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MMP-2, membrane type-I MMP and TIMP-2 mRNAs in fibroblasts was not significantly affected by cyclosporine A; however, in fibroblasts the ratio of mRNA expression of membrane type-I MMP to that of TIMP-2 decreased as the cyclosporine A dose was increased. CONCLUSION Cyclosporine A inhibits the expression of membrane type-I MMP in gingiva and it may further reduce the activation of MMP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-C Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JY, Park SH, Cho KS, Kim HJ, Lee CK, Park KK, Choi SH, Chung WY. Mechanism of Azithromycin Treatment on Gingival Overgrowth. J Dent Res 2008; 87:1075-9. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808701110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin is effective for the remission of cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth (CIGO) in persons who have undergone renal transplant. To explain its mechanism in alleviating the clinical symptoms of these indivduals, we examined the effect of azithromycin on cell proliferation and collagen turnover modified by cyclosporin A in human gingival fibroblasts from healthy persons and from persons who had undergone renal transplant. Cyclosporin A-induced proliferation of renal transplant fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts was inhibited by azithromycin. Azithromycin elevated the reduced metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 activities in cyclosporine A-treated renal transplant fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. In cyclosporine A-treated renal transplant fibroblasts, azithromycin blocked the accumulation of total collagen in culture media and the increase in type I collagen mRNA level, but recovered the reduced MMP-2 mRNA level to the control. These results suggest that azithromycin may improve CIGO by blocking cyclosporine A-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, and by activating MMP-2 in gingival fibroblasts of persons with cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Kim
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - S.-H. Park
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - K.-S. Cho
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - C.-K. Lee
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - K.-K. Park
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - S.-H. Choi
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - W.-Y. Chung
- Department of Oral Biology,
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration,
- Oral Science Research Institute, and
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tu HP, Fu E, Chen YT, Wu MH, Cheng LC, Yang SF. Expression of p21 and p53 in rat gingival and human oral epithelial cells after cyclosporine A treatment. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:32-9. [PMID: 18230104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Expression of p21 and p53 were examined, at gene and protein levels, in edentulous gingival epithelial cells from rats and from a human oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line, OECM1, after cyclosporine A therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo: 20 partially edentulous SD rats were assigned into cyclosporine A feeding and control groups. After the rats were killed, p21 and p53 in gingiva were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In vitro: after cyclosporine A treatment, p21 and p53 of OECM1 cells were evaluated by western blot and the luciferase assay. The distribution of OECM1 cells in each phase of the cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The mRNA expression of p21 was significantly higher in the cyclosporine A group than in the control group. A greater number of positive anti-p21-stained cells were observed in the gingival epithelium of the cyclosporine A group than in the control group. Significantly higher levels of p21 protein and activity were observed in OECM1 cells after cyclosporine A treatment than in cells without treatment. A relative increase of cells in G0/G1 phases, and a decrease of cells in G2/M phases, were observed in OECM1 cells after cyclosporine A treatment. CONCLUSION In the present study, higher p21 mRNA and protein expressions were observed after cyclosporine A treatment. Thus, an up-regulation of p21 expression, via a p53-independent pathway, by cyclosporine A in gingival and oral epithelial cells was suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-P Tu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Emingil G, Afacan B, Tervahartiala T, Töz H, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in renal transplant patients undergoing different immunosuppressive therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:221-9. [PMID: 18269661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels from renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine-A (CsA) and having gingival overgrowth (GO), from patients receiving CsA therapy and having no GO and patients receiving tacrolimus therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from sites with GO (GO+) and without GO (GO-) in CsA patients having GO; and GO- sites in CsA patients having no GO; sites from tacrolimus, gingivitis and healthy subjects. GCF and serum MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS GO+ sites in CsA patients having GO had elevated GCF MMP-8 levels compared with those of CsA patients having no GO, tacrolimus and healthy subjects (p<0.005), but these levels were similar to those of gingivitis. The GCF MMP-8 level was higher in GO+ compared with GO- sites in CsA patients having GO (p<0.05). GCF TIMP-1 levels were similar between groups. Tacrolimus patients had lower GCF MMP-8 levels than gingivitis (p<0.005), but levels similar to the healthy group. CONCLUSION These results show that CsA and tacrolimus therapy has no significant effect on GCF MMP-8 levels, and gingival inflammation seems to be the main reason for their elevations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kubota T, Itagaki M, Morozumi T, Maruyama S, Nakasone N, Shimizu T, Saku T, Yoshie H. A case report of multiple-drug-induced gingival overgrowth with TIMP-3 over-expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Sakagami G, Sato E, Sugita Y, Kosaka T, Kubo K, Maeda H, Kameyama Y. Effects of nifedipine and interleukin-1alpha on the expression of collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:266-72. [PMID: 16827719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth is known to be characterized by fibrosis and some degree of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of the fibrosis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of nifedipine and interleukin-1alpha on the molecules involved in fibrosis, namely type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). MATERIAL AND METHODS Four human gingival fibroblast strains, derived from four healthy volunteers, were cultured in media containing nifedipine (1 microg/ml), with or without interleukin-1alpha (0.05 ng/ml). The mRNAs of type I collagen, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proteins of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ratios of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 proteins were calculated. RESULTS The mRNA expression of type I collagen showed no significant change. Both mRNA expression and protein production of MMP-1 were up-regulated by interleukin-1alpha, either alone or in combination with nifedipine, whereas those of TIMP-1 were up-regulated by nifedipine alone or in combination with interleukin-1alpha. The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 was not changed by nifedipine alone, but it was increased by interleukin-1alpha alone or in combination with nifedipine. However, in two of the four cell strains tested, nifedipine reduced the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 compared with that for interleukin-1alpha alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nifedipine may predispose to fibrosis in some individuals in situations where interleukin-1 levels are raised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sakagami
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hakki SS, Balci B, Hakki EE, Yilmaz E, Nohutcu RM. Identification of the Difference in Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts Versus Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Gingival Fibroblasts Using cDNA Microarray Analysis. J Periodontol 2005; 76:2244-53. [PMID: 16332236 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.12.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A difference from the normal range in collagen profile and perivascular hyaline deposition in the dermis and gingiva has been demonstrated histopathologically in juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF), which is an autosomal recessive disease. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of gingival overgrowth in JHF, and to observe differences in the expression of genes regulating extracellular matrix organization. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts (GF) were obtained from individuals who have clinically healthy gingival tissue. JHF-GF were obtained from a patient who underwent a gingivectomy. Cultured fibroblast cells were examined visually using a phase contrast microscope. Total RNA from both cell types was isolated, and after biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) labeling of cDNA, hybridization was performed with a pathway-specific gene expression profiling array membrane. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecule (AM) mRNA expressions in GF and JHF-GF were analyzed, and microarray data on genes modulating ECM remodeling were confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Cell morphology differences were observed between fibroblast types. Although type I collagen gene expression levels were almost the same, decreased type IV collagen expression was noted in JHF-GF versus GF. Decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and increased tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) transcripts were noted in JHF-GF versus GF. Increased fibronectin and decreased laminin mRNA expression were observed in JHF-GF when compared to GF. The present findings suggest that GF and JHF-GF differ not only morphologically but also in the expression level of ECM and AM genes involving connective tissue turnover and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Results from these analyses may be helpful to clarify the nature of overgrowth mechanisms, especially regarding enzymes and their inhibitors. This information is important in understanding the remodeling of ECM. The gingival overgrowth that is observed in JHF patients may be explained by a decreased level of MMPs and increased blockage of MMPs with TIMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema S Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen EC, Fu E, Gau CH, Hsieh YD, Chiang CY. Effect of Cyclosporin A on the Mineral Apposition Rate of Cementum and Dentin in Growing Rats. J Periodontol 2005; 76:936-40. [PMID: 15948688 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.6.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since there is no direct information to verify whether cyclosporin A (CsA) can affect the mineralization of dental hard tissue, the formation of dentin and cementum in growing rats was recorded by labeling the mineral phase of these tissues with fluorochrome marker in this study. METHODS After the extraction of the right maxillary molars, 30 male 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups. Following a 2-week healing period, the experimental rats received 30 mg/kg CsA daily for 7 weeks, while the control rats received only mineral oil. The fluorescent markers, calcein and alizarin red, were given on alternate weeks for 7 weeks. At the end of study, the mandibles were obtained and undemineralized sections were processed. Serial sections, 8 microm thick, were cut for the entire distal roots of the first molars. Five central sections were selected to determine the mineral apposition of cellular cementum and dentin at the apex and middle of root, respectively. RESULTS The apposition rates of apical cellular cementum were significantly influenced by CsA therapy, occlusal function, and observation duration. However, the dentin apposition rates were significantly influenced by the observation intervals only. CONCLUSIONS In this study, CsA therapy and occlusal function significantly influenced the apposition rates of apical cementum, but not the rates of mid-root dentin. Our hypothesis that CsA can induce oral hard tissue alterations, as well as gingival overgrowth, is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E-Chih Shen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoshida T, Nagata J, Yamane A. Growth factors and proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells in response to cyclosporin A. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40:11-9. [PMID: 15613074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prominent side-effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug, in oral tissues is gingival outgrowth, although the exact mechanism underlying this side-effect is unclear. The main purposes of the present study were to determine whether cyclosporin A induced the gingival outgrowth by promoting proliferation of gingival cells and whether growth factors such as transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-betas), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in the possible changes in the proliferation of gingival cells induced by cyclosporin A. METHODS Cells isolated from rat gingival tissues were cultured with cyclosporin A or IGF-I for 3 days. The effects of cyclosporin A or IGF-I on the proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells were analyzed with a CellTiter 96 proliferation assay kit. The mRNA expression levels for TGF-betas, FGF-2, PDGFs, IGFs, insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs), and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rat gingival cells treated with cyclosporin A were measured using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Cyclosporin A induced 23-25% (p < 0.001) increases in the proliferation of rat gingival cells and approximately 130% (p < 0.05) and 60% (p < 0.05) elevations in the mRNA expression levels for TGF-beta1 and FGF-2, respectively. On the other hand, exogenous IGF-I induced 8-11% (p < 0.05) increases in the proliferation, but cyclosporin A induced 30-80% (p < 0.05-0.01) reductions in the mRNA expression levels for endogenous IGF-I, IGFR1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6. CONCLUSIONS Cyclosporin A stimulates the proliferation of rat gingival cells. TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 could be involved, but IGFs, IGFRs and IGFBPs could not be directly involved in this cyclosporin A induced-stimulation of the gingival cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumasa Yoshida
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gagliano N, Moscheni C, Dellavia C, Stabellini G, Ferrario VF, Gioia M. Immunosuppression and gingival overgrowth: gene and protein expression profiles of collagen turnover in FK506-treated human gingival fibroblasts. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:167-73. [PMID: 15691347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM FK506 is an immunosuppressive agent that, unlike cyclosporin A (CsA), does not induce gingival overgrowth (GO). CsA-induced GO is caused by quantitative modifications of the extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen (COL). Up to now, clinical trials have only investigated FK506 in relation with GO, so we aimed at analysing the effect of FK506 on COL turnover using a molecular approach, to evaluate the expression of genes and proteins related to this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with FK506 or its vehicle (VH) for 24, 48 and 72 h. COL type I (COL-I), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and 2, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 mRNA were assayed by Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; COL-I protein levels were determined by dot blot, MMP-1 and MMP-2 activity by zymography. RESULTS Fibroblast proliferation decreased 48 and 72 h after treatment. COL-I gene and protein expression, TGF-beta1 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels were not significantly affected, whereas MMP-1 gene and protein expression and MMP-2 mRNA levels rose significantly in treated fibroblasts compared with VH. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased MMP-1 gene and protein expression may be important for regulating COL-I homeostasis in the gingival connective compartment of FK506-immunosuppressed subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Human Morphology-LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Casavecchia P, Uzel MI, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Dibart S, Hart TC, Trackman PC, Van Dyke TE. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis: a case report. J Periodontol 2004; 75:770-8. [PMID: 15212361 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.5.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare, genetically inherited overgrowth condition that is clinically characterized by a benign fibrous enlargement of maxillary and mandibular keratinized gingiva. A syndromic association between gingival fibromatosis and a wide variety of other genetically inherited disorders has been described. However, its coexistence with aggressive periodontitis has not been reported. METHODS A 24-year-old African-American female, patient (proband X, [Px]) reported with a chief complaint of tooth mobility and gingival enlargement. Clinical examination revealed moderate to severe gingival overgrowth on both mandible and maxilla. Generalized attachment loss and mobility of the teeth were observed. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated severe alveolar bone loss. The patient was diagnosed with gingival fibromatosis and aggressive periodontitis based on the clinical and radiographic findings. Her brother (Bx) and her mother (Mx) were evaluated and diagnosed with gingival fibromatosis suggesting that this is a dominant trait in the family and gingival fibromatosis might be of hereditary origin. In addition, the brother also exhibited localized aggressive periodontitis. Medical history revealed no other systemic or local contributory factors associated with the oral findings in any of the subjects. RESULTS Surgical therapy included internal bevel gingivectomy combined with open flap debridement procedures for Px and Bx. Only internal bevel gingivectomy was performed for Mx since there was mild bone resorption and no intrabony defects. At the time of surgery, gingival biopsies were obtained and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Multiple serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic evaluation of the gingival specimens revealed large parallel collagen bundles associated with scarce fibroblasts in the connective tissue. The collagen bundles reached into the subepithelial connective tissue where elongated rete-pegs were also observed. Following the completion of the treatment, no signs of recurrence or bone resorption were observed over 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of hereditary gingival fibromatosis associated with aggressive periodontitis. Combined treatment comprising removal of fibrotic gingival tissue and traditional flap surgery for the elimination of intrabony defects represents a unique treatment approach in periodontal therapy. Two-year follow-up revealed that both the gingival overgrowth and the destructive lesions were successfully treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Casavecchia
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gagliano N, Moscheni C, Dellavia C, Torri C, Stabellini G, Ferrario VF, Gioia M. Effect of cyclosporin A on human gingival fibroblast collagen turnover in relation to the development of gingival overgrowth: an in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 58:231-8. [PMID: 15183848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a significant number of cases (25-81%) immunosuppressant treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) is associated with gingival overgrowth, seriously interfering with the functions of mastication and speech. In CsA-induced gingival enlargement, quantitative modifications of the extracellular matrix components occur, and collagen (COL) metabolism and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested as being the main targets. Since the mechanisms at the basis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth are not yet completely understood, our aim was to analyze the effect of CsA on COL turnover in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Cultured human gingival fibroblasts from four healthy volunteers were incubated with CsA (800 ng/ml) or with its vehicle (VH) for variable intervals of time (24, 48, 72 h). Fibroblast morphology was studied by light and electron microscope. Collagen type I (COL-I), MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR; COL-I and MMP-1 by dot blot, and MMP-2 by zymography. Our results evidenced an up-regulation of COL-I and TGF-beta1 gene expression 72 h after CsA treatment. MMP-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels are affected but not significantly. Protein analysis revealed COL-I increase at all the considered times and, 72 h after CsA treatment, reduced collagenolytic levels. Our data suggest that COL accumulation during CsA-induced gingival overgrowth may be mainly sustained by an altered COL-I degradation due to decreased MMP-1 activity. However, interindividual differences of collagenase levels after CsA treatment suggest that a genetic predisposition to develop gingival overgrowth may be relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Human Morphology-LITA, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|