1
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Catunda RQ, Ho KKY, Patel S, Roy CB, Alexiou M, Levin L, Ulrich BJ, Kaplan MH, Febbraio M. Loricrin and Cytokeratin Disorganisation in Severe Forms of Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2023; 73:862-872. [PMID: 37316411 PMCID: PMC10658443 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the cornified epithelium, the outermost layer of the oral mucosa, engineered to prevent water loss and microorganism invasion, in severe forms of periodontitis (stage III or IV, grade C). METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal disease pathogen, can affect cornified epithelial protein expression through chronic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). We used a mouse model, Stat6VT, that mimics this to determine the effects of barrier defect on P gingivalis-induced inflammation, bone loss, and cornified epithelial protein expression, and compared histologic and immunohistologic findings with tissues obtained from human controls and patients with stage III and IV, grade C disease. Alveolar bone loss in mice was assessed using micro-computerised tomography, and soft tissue morphology was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed by histologic examination for several proteins, including loricrin, filaggrin, cytokeratin 1, cytokeratin 14, a proliferation marker, a pan-leukocyte marker, as well as morphologic signs of inflammation. Relative cytokine levels were measured in mouse plasma by cytokine array. RESULTS In the tissues from patients with periodontal disease, there were greater signs of inflammation (rete pegs, clear cells, inflammatory infiltrates) and a decrease and broadening of expression of loricrin and cytokeratin 1. Cytokeratin 14 expression was also broader and decreased in stage IV. P gingivalis-infected Stat6VT mice showed greater alveolar bone loss in 9 out of 16 examined sites, and similar patterns of disruption to human patients in expression of loricrin and cytokeratins 1 and 14. There were also increased numbers of leukocytes, decreased proliferation, and greater signs of inflammation compared with P gingivalis-infected control mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that changes in epithelial organisation can exacerbate the effects of P gingivalis infection, with similarities to the most severe forms of human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Ho
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Bryant Roy
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liran Levin
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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Irwandi RA, Kuswandani SO, Harden S, Marletta D, D'Aiuto F. Circulating inflammatory cell profiling and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1069-1096. [PMID: 35199874 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru1021-524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver of common noncommunicable diseases. Among common triggers of inflammation, chronic gingival inflammation (periodontitis) triggers a consistent humoral host inflammatory response, but little is known on its impact on circulating inflammatory cell profiles. We aimed to systematically appraise all the evidence linking periodontitis and its treatment to circulating inflammatory cell profiles. From 6 databases, 157 studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 29 studies for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that participants with periodontitis exhibited a significant mean increase in circulating CD4+ , CD4+ CD45RO+ , IFNγ-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ CD27+ and CD5+ B cells, CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, and CD16+ neutrophils but decrease in CD8+ T and CD14++ CD16- monocytes. Our qualitative synthesis revealed that peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with periodontitis consistently showed elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared with those of healthy controls. Some evidence suggested that the treatment of periodontitis reversed the exaggerated ROS production, but limited and inconclusive data were found on several circulating inflammatory cell profiling. We conclude that periodontitis and its treatment are associated with minor but consistent alterations in circulating inflammatory cell profiles. These changes could represent key mechanisms explaining the association of periodontitis with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky A Irwandi
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra O Kuswandani
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Simon Harden
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Marletta
- Cruciform Hub, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Salhi L, Rijkschroeff P, Van Hede D, Laine ML, Teughels W, Sakalihasan N, Lambert F. Blood Biomarkers and Serologic Immunological Profiles Related to Periodontitis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:766462. [PMID: 35096635 PMCID: PMC8798408 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.766462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory gum disease associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Aim To investigate the association of systemic blood biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IgG levels against periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with the stability, based on the aortic diameter, the growth rate and the eligibility for surgical intervention, of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods Patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and unstable AAA (n = 31) were recruited. The anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans and anti-P. gingivalis IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA, the LPS analysis was performed by using the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, and plasma levels of CRP were determined using an immune turbidimetric method. The association between these blood systemic biomarkers, AAA features, periodontal clinical parameters and oral microbial profiles were explored. Regression models were used to test the relationship between variables. Results The presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations were found in all AAA patients. The IgG levels were similar in patients with stable and unstable AAA (both for Aa and Pg). Among investigated blood biomarkers, only CRP was associated with AAA stability. The amount of LPS in saliva, supra, and subgingival plaque were significantly associated with the systemic LPS (p <0.05). Conclusions This post-hoc study emphasizes the presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations in all AAA patients. The presence of Pg in saliva and subgingival plaque was significantly associated with the blood LPS levels. For further studies investigating periodontitis and systemic diseases, specific predictive blood biomarkers should be considered instead of the use of antibodies alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salhi
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Leila Salhi, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-8452
| | - Patrick Rijkschroeff
- Department of Periodontology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorien Van Hede
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
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4
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC, Darby IB. Peripheral T helper cell profiles during management of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:76-90. [PMID: 33051896 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis has been associated with other systemic diseases with underlying inflammation responsible for the shared link. This study evaluated longitudinal variation in peripheral T helper cells in periodontitis patients undergoing management over 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal parameters and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 54 periodontitis patients at baseline, and 3-, 6- and 12-months post-treatment and 40 healthy controls. IFN-γ+ , IL-4+ , IL-17+ and Foxp3+ and their double-positive expression were identified in CD4+ and TCRαβ+ cells using flow cytometry. PBMCs were incubated with P. gingivalis, and IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. Cells and cytokines were also assessed based on clinical response to treatment where good (<10% of sites), moderate (10-20%) and poor (>20%) treatment outcome (TxO) groups had probing depths of ≥5 mm at study conclusion. RESULTS IFN-γ+ cells were lower at baseline, and 3- and 6-months compared to health, whereas Foxp3+ cells were increased at 12-months compared to all preceding timepoints and health. The good TxO group showed treatment-related variation in IFN-γ+ and Foxp3+ cells, whereas the poor TxO group did not. IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine expression in cell supernatants was significantly lower at baseline compared to health, and IFN-γ and IL-10 showed treatment-related decrease. CONCLUSION This study suggests that IFN-γ+ and Foxp3+ cells may have a role in the systemic compartment in periodontitis. Periodontal management has local and systemic effects, and thus, assessment and management of periodontitis should form an integral part of overall systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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5
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Inönü E, Kayis SA, Eskan MA, Hakki SS. Salivary Del‐1, IL‐17, and LFA‐1 levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:511-518. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Inönü
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Baskent University Ankara Turkey
| | - Seyit Ali Kayis
- Department of Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Eskan
- Department of Periodontics NOVA Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Sema S. Hakki
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Selcuk University Konya Turkey
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6
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Cheng WC, Saleh F, Abuaisha Karim B, Hughes FJ, Taams LS. Comparative analysis of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:380-390. [PMID: 30120837 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the colonization of teeth by the bacterial plaque biofilm and the resultant host immune responses in adjacent periodontal tissues. Disease severity can vary dramatically between patients with periodontitis, with some subjects displaying inflammation without bony destruction (gingivitis), while others experience chronic progressive or rapidly aggressive gingival connective tissue damage and bone loss. To determine whether peripheral immune dysregulation is associated with periodontitis, we performed extensive analysis of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis versus periodontally healthy control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis and from periodontally healthy controls were analysed by 8-10-colour flow cytometry for the frequencies of various lymphocyte subsets, including interleukin (IL)-17-, interferon (IFN)-γ-, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α- and IL-10-producing cells, and the frequencies and phenotype of monocytes. Cytokine levels in serum from the different groups were determined by Luminex assay. We found no significant differences in the frequencies of major immune cell populations [CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, CD4+ CD45RO+ CD25+ CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs ), CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes] or of cytokine-producing T cells, or in the phenotype of CD14+ monocytes in peripheral blood from these patient cohorts. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of prototypical inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that the local gingival inflammatory response is not reflected by obvious changes in major blood immune cell subset frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Saleh
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Abuaisha Karim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F J Hughes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Li S, Liu X, Li H, Pan H, Acharya A, Deng Y, Yu Y, Haak R, Schmidt J, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018. [PMID: 29516510 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical and complex roles in regulating various biological processes of periodontitis. This bioinformatic study aims to construct a putative competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by integrating lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression, based on high-throughput RNA sequencing and microarray data about periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from 1 miRNA and 3 mRNA expression profiles were obtained to construct the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed using the Gene Ontology website and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on the Search Tool for the retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Transcription factors (TFs) of differentially expressed genes were identified based on TRANSFAC database and then a regulatory network was constructed. RESULTS Through constructing the dysregulated ceRNA network, 6 genes (HSPA4L, PANK3, YOD1, CTNNBIP1, EVI2B, ITGAL) and 3 miRNAs (miR-125a-3p, miR-200a, miR-142-3p) were detected. Three lncRNAs (MALAT1, TUG1, FGD5-AS1) were found to target both miR-125a-3p and miR-142-3p in this ceRNA network. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified several hub genes, including VCAM1, ITGA4, UBC, LYN and SSX2IP. Three pathways (cytokine-cytokine receptor, cell adhesion molecules, chemokine signaling pathway) were identified to be overlapping results with the previous bioinformatics studies in periodontitis. Moreover, 2 TFs including FOS and EGR were identified to be involved in the regulatory network of the differentially expressed genes-TFs in periodontitis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 6 mRNAs (HSPA4L, PANK3, YOD1, CTNNBIP1, EVI2B, ITGAL), 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-142-3p) and 3 lncRNAs (MALAT1, TUG1, FGD5-AS1) might be involved in the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network of periodontitis. This study sought to illuminate further the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of periodontitis through constructing an lncRNA-associated ceRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - X Liu
- Shanghai Genomap Technologies, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - H Li
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Y Deng
- Shanghai Genomap Technologies, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Periodontology, The Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - R Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Gonzales JR. T- and B-cell subsets in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:181-200. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Zi MYH, Longo PL, Bueno-Silva B, Mayer MPA. Mechanisms Involved in the Association between Periodontitis and Complications in Pregnancy. Front Public Health 2015; 2:290. [PMID: 25688342 PMCID: PMC4310218 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between periodontitis and some of the problems with pregnancy such as premature delivery, low weight at birth, and preeclampsia (PE) has been suggested. Nevertheless, epidemiological data have shown contradictory data, mainly due to differences in clinical parameters of periodontitis assessment. Furthermore, differences in microbial composition and immune response between aggressive and chronic periodontitis are not addressed by these epidemiological studies. We aimed to review the current data on the association between some of these problems with pregnancy and periodontitis, and the mechanisms underlying this association. Shifts in the microbial composition of the subgingival biofilm may occur during pregnancy, leading to a potentially more hazardous microbial community. Pregnancy is characterized by physiological immune tolerance. However, the infection leads to a shift in maternal immune response to a pathogenic pro-inflammatory response, with production of inflammatory cytokines and toxic products. In women with periodontitis, the infected periodontal tissues may act as reservoirs of bacteria and their products that can disseminate to the fetus-placenta unit. In severe periodontitis patients, the infection agents and their products are able to activate inflammatory signaling pathways locally and in extra-oral sites, including the placenta-fetal unit, which may not only induce preterm labor but also lead to PE and restrict intrauterine growth. Despite these evidences, the effectiveness of periodontal treatment in preventing gestational complications was still not established since it may be influenced by several factors such as severity of disease, composition of microbial community, treatment strategy, and period of treatment throughout pregnancy. This lack of scientific evidence does not exclude the need to control infection and inflammation in periodontitis patients during pregnancy, and treatment protocols should be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Yang Hui Zi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Larcher Longo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Zeng Z, Feingold E, Wang X, Weeks DE, Lee M, Cuenco DT, Broffitt B, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil DW, Levy SM, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Genome-wide association study of primary dentition pit-and-fissure and smooth surface caries. Caries Res 2014; 48:330-8. [PMID: 24556642 PMCID: PMC4043868 DOI: 10.1159/000356299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries continues to be the most common chronic disease in children today. Despite the substantial involvement of genetics in the process of caries development, the specific genes contributing to dental caries remain largely unknown. We performed separate genome-wide association studies of smooth and pit-and-fissure tooth surface caries experience in the primary dentitions of self-reported white children in two samples from Iowa and rural Appalachia. In total, 1,006 children (ages 3-12 years) were included for smooth surface analysis, and 979 children (ages 4-14 years) for pit-and-fissure surface analysis. Associations were tested for more than 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, either genotyped or imputed. We detected genome-wide significant signals in KPNA4 (p value = 2.0E-9), and suggestive signals in ITGAL (p value = 2.1E-7) and PLUNC family genes (p value = 2.0E-6), thus nominating these novel loci as putative caries susceptibility genes. We also replicated associations observed in previous studies for MPPED2 (p value = 6.9E-6), AJAP1 (p value = 1.6E-6) and RPS6KA2 (p value = 7.3E-6). Replication of these associations in additional samples, as well as experimental studies to determine the biological functions of associated genetic variants, are warranted. Ultimately, efforts such as this may lead to a better understanding of caries etiology, and could eventually facilitate the development of new interventions and preventive measures.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Appalachian Region
- CD11a Antigen/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- DMF Index
- Dental Caries/genetics
- Dental Fissures/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- Iowa
- Leucine Zippers/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Tooth, Deciduous/pathology
- alpha Karyopherins/genetics
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11
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Hypermethylation and low transcription of TLR2 gene in chronic periodontitis. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1231-6. [PMID: 23747679 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by interactions between periodontal pathogens and host's immune response. Epigenetic may contribute to disease development and outcome by influencing the expression of genes involved in the immune response. It has been shown that Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an important role in the response to periodontopathic bacteria. The aim of study was to evaluate the methylation status and the expression of TLR2 gene in gingival samples from individuals with and without periodontitis. DNA was analyzed using the Methyl Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR assay. DNA methylation and transcript levels were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The periodontitis group showed a hypermethylated profile and a low expression of gene. Positive correlation between the TLR2 methylation frequency and probing depth was observed. This study gives the first evidence of methylation frequency in inflamed periodontal tissues and of the possible participation of methylation in the development of periodontitis.
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12
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Saraiva AM, de Fátima Correia Silva J, Alves e Silva MRM, da Costa JE, Gollob KJ, Moreira PR, Dutra WO. Transcription factor STAT1 gene polymorphism is associated with the development of severe forms of periodontal disease. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:551-4. [PMID: 23609054 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, affecting about 10 % of the world population. The establishment of PD is influenced by polymorphisms in genes involved with the inflammatory response. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the intracellular signaling triggered by cytokines and, thus, its activation is critical in inflammatory diseases. AIM AND METHODS We aim to evaluate the occurrence of association between STAT-1 (rs3771300) polymorphism and distinct clinical forms and severity of PD; we genotyped 180 subjects using realtime PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We observed that the presence of the G allele for STAT-1 was associated with twice as high of a chance to develop aggressive periodontitis, and the most severe form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Machado Saraiva
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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13
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Saraiva AM, Alves e Silva MRM, Correia Silva JDF, da Costa JE, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO, Moreira PR. Evaluation of IL17A expression and of IL17A, IL17F and IL23R gene polymorphisms in Brazilian individuals with periodontitis. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ribeiro FV, Santos VR, Bastos MF, De Miranda TS, Vieira AR, De Figueiredo LC, Duarte PM. A preliminary study on the FAM5C expression in generalized chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2012; 18:147-52. [PMID: 22355820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Family with sequence similarity 5 member C (FAM5C) has been suggested to contribute in aggressive periodontitis. However, there is no data regarding its role in chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAM5C expression in chronic periodontitis and to study association of FAM5C with key immunoinflammatory markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival biopsies were harvested from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 10) and chronic periodontitis subjects (n = 15). The levels of mRNA of FAM5C, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, IL-4, interferon-c, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b, transcription factor forkhead box p3, and transcription factor orphan nuclear receptor C2 were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS FAM5C mRNA levels were not different between periodontally healthy and diseased tissues (P > 0.05). Gene expressions of IL-17, TNF-a, OPG, RANKL, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were higher in periodontitis, when compared to periodontally healthy sites (P < 0.05), while no differences between groups were observed for the other genes evaluated (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the gene expression of FAM5C and the other immunoinflammatory markers (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, it seems that FAM5C expression does not contribute to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Bezerra BDB, Andriankaja O, Kang J, Pacios S, Bae HJ, Li Y, Tsiagbe V, Schreiner H, Fine DH, Graves DT. A.actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease promotes systemic and local responses in rat periodontium. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:333-41. [PMID: 22313458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the histologic and cellular response to A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) infection. MATERIAL & METHODS Wistar rats infected with Aa were evaluated for antibody response, oral Aa colonization, loss of attachment, PMN recruitment, TNF-α in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue, osteoclasts and adaptive immune response in local lymph nodes at baseline and 4, 5 or 6 weeks after infection. Some groups were given antibacterial treatment at 4 weeks. RESULTS An antibody response against Aa occurred within 4 weeks of infection, and 78% of inoculated rats had detectable Aa in the oral cavity (p < 0.05). Aa infection significantly increased loss of attachment that was reversed by antibacterial treatment (p < 0.05). TNF-α expression in the junctional epithelium followed the same pattern. Aa stimulated high osteoclast formation and TNF-α expression in the connective tissue (p < 0.05). PMN recruitment significantly increased after Aa infection (p < 0.05). Aa also increased the number of CD8(+) T cells (p < 0.05), but not CD4(+) T cells or regulatory T cells (Tregs) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Aa infection stimulated a local response that increased numbers of PMNs and TNF-α expression in the junctional epithelium and loss of attachment. Both TNF-α expression in JE and loss of attachment was reversed by antibiotic treatment. Aa infection also increased TNF-α in the connective tissue, osteoclast numbers and CD8(+) T cells in lymph nodes. The results link Aa infection with important characteristics of periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Brito Bezerra
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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The assessment of CD4 lymphocyte counts in patients with chronic periodontitis in Benin City, Nigeria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Thomasini RL, Bonon SH, Durante P, Costa SCB. Correlation of cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 with CD3+ and CD3+ CD4+ cells in chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:114-20. [PMID: 21895663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory process characterized by dense accumulation of immune cells in the periodontal tissue. The periodontitis can lead to loss of teeth in the patient and the pathogenesis of this disease is not completely known. This study tested the hypothesis that chronic periodontitis-affected sites can harbor betaherpesviruses and that viruses are linked to a profile of the inflammatory infiltrate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsies of periodontal tissue were taken from periodontitis-affected patients and from healthy subjects. Immunohistochemistry was performed to count CD19(+) B cells, CD3(+) total T cells, T-CD4(+) and T-CD8(+) cell subsets, and PCR was performed to detect cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in the samples. One slide of each sample was stained with Giemsa for histopathological examination and to evaluate the quality of the cellular infiltrate. RESULTS As expected, tissues collected from healthy subjects presented no significant level of inflammatory infiltration and were therefore excluded from immunostaining procedures. Results showed that CD19(+) B cells were in higher number than CD3(+) T cells in the periodontitis-affected tissue, but this was not statistically significant. The T-CD4(+) lymphocyte subset was significantly higher than the T-CD8(+) lymphocyte subset (p = 0.004) in the samples. Cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 were found at periodontitis-affected sites, but not in tissue collected from healthy subjects (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). Human herpesvirus 6 was rarely detected. We found a correlation between cytomegalovirus and lower CD19(+) /CD3(+) ratios (ratio < 0.9, p = 0.003) and between human herpesvirus 7 and lower CD19(+) /CD3(+) ratios (ratio < 0.9, p = 0.003) and higher CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratios (ratio > 1.1, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION This study shows that cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 can be present at periodontitis-affected sites but are uncommon at healthy periodontal sites. Moreover, our data suggest that cytomegalovirus can be related to an inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of CD3(+) T cells, whereas human herpesvirus 7 can be associated with an infiltrate with predominance of T-CD4(+) cells. However, further studies are necessary to support this hypothesis. Herpesviruses could play a role in human chronic periodontitis by modulation of the T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Thomasini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Huck O, Saadi-Thiers K, Tenenbaum H, Davideau JL, Romagna C, Laurent Y, Cottin Y, Roul JG. Evaluating periodontal risk for patients at risk of or suffering from atherosclerosis: recent biological hypotheses and therapeutic consequences. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 104:352-8. [PMID: 21693372 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, is the main cause of mortality in developed countries. Most atherosclerosis risk factors have been identified and are treated, improving patient cardiovascular status and reducing mortality, but some remain unknown. Periodontal disease is generally defined as inflammatory disease initiated by accumulation of dental bacterial plaque, leading to the destruction of tissues that support the teeth. Severe forms have a high prevalence (15% of the population) and are associated with the presence of virulent pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Epidemiological studies have shown that severe periodontal disease negatively influences cardiovascular status. The aim of this paper was to present a synthesis of the most recent biological data related to the link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease. The potential biological mechanisms involved in these two inflammatory diseases (bacteriological theory, inflammatory theory, immune theory) were developed. According to the observed positive effects of periodontal treatment on systemic conditions, the benefit of a reinforced collaboration between dentists and cardiologists was discussed, especially for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Huck
- Service de parodontologie, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Andrukhov O, Ulm C, Reischl H, Nguyen PQ, Matejka M, Rausch-Fan X. Serum cytokine levels in periodontitis patients in relation to the bacterial load. J Periodontol 2010; 82:885-92. [PMID: 21138356 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease that also has some systemic effects. We investigated the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-2, -4, -5, and -10 in the serum of patients with periodontitis in relation to the bacterial load in the dental plaques. METHODS Serum cytokine levels in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy control groups were determined using the cytometric bead array kit. Bacterial load in the dental plaque was determined semiquantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proportions of different lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis by flow cytometry. Finally, relationships between the bacterial load in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontitis and levels of cytokines and counts of lymphocyte subsets were established. RESULTS Serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas those of IL-2 were significantly decreased in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Increased serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients with periodontitis were associated with the enhanced dental plaque load with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Finally, as revealed by analysis of lymphocyte populations, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Trepomena denticola was associated with an increased population of CD3(-)/CD16(+) and CD3(+)/CD8(+) cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Certain periodontal pathogens could be associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and thus increased risk of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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