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The Role of Polymorphisms at the Interleukin-1, Interleukin-4, GATA-3 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Genes in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137266. [PMID: 35806269 PMCID: PMC9266438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate the role of Interleukin-(IL)-1, IL-4, GATA-3 and Cyclooxygenase-(COX)-2 polymorphisms after non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin/metronidazole) and subsequent maintenance in a Caucasian population. Analyses were performed using blood samples from periodontitis patients of a multi-center trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00707369=ABPARO-study). Polymorphisms were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Clinical attachment levels (CAL), percentage of sites showing further attachment loss (PSAL) ≥1.3 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque score were assessed. Exploratory statistical analysis was performed. A total of 209 samples were genotyped. Patients carrying heterozygous genotypes and single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNP) on the GATA-3-IVS4 +1468 gene locus showed less CAL loss than patients carrying wild type. Heterozygous genotypes and SNPs on the IL-1A-889, IL-1B +3954, IL-4-34, IL-4-590, GATA-3-IVS4 +1468 and COX-2-1195 gene loci did not influence CAL. In multivariate analysis, CAL was lower in patients carrying GATA-3 heterozygous genotypes and SNPs than those carrying wild-types. For the first time, effects of different genotypes were analyzed in periodontitis progression after periodontal therapy and during supportive treatment using systemic antibiotics demonstrating a slight association of GATA-3 gene locus with CAL. This result suggests that GATA-3 genotypes are a contributory but non-essential risk factor for periodontal disease progression.
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Afrasiabi S, Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. The Photomodulation Activity of Metformin Against Oral Microbiome. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:241-250. [PMID: 31749953 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the periodontium, which results in the inflammatory destruction of supporting structures around teeth and is closely associated with the development of systemic disease. Due to a wide variety of antibiotic resistance periodontopathic bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive adjunctive therapeutic modality that is capable of destroying the whole range of microbes. Metformin (Metf) is an antidiabetic drug, and recent studies suggest that cancer patients who receive Metf and are exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy show better outcomes. Our surveys in this review introduce Metf as a potent stimulus in increasing the efficacy of PDT in the induction of destruction in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Wang R, Ge Y, Chen D, Wu B, Fang F. Assessment of microRNA-144-5p and its putative targets in inflamed gingiva from chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:266-277. [PMID: 30450635 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover the distinctive MicroRNAs (miRNA) functioning in the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation, which might be potential therapy targets of chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS miRNA profiles of human inflamed gingival tissue from three previous microarrays were re-analysed. Gingival tissues were collected for the validation of overlapping miRNAs, and a network was constructed to show regulatory connection between overlapping miRNAs and periodontitis-associated target genes. Potential miRNAs were screened based on their expression levels and predicted target genes. Correlation analysis and binding site prediction were conducted to reveal the relationship between the potential miRNAs and their target genes. RESULTS miR-144-5p, found to be upregulated in all three studies, showed the greatest upregulation (P < 0.0001). Another 16 miRNAs (10 upregulated and six downregulated) overlapped between any two of the three studies. All overlapping miRNAs had expected expression levels except for miR-203 during validation. Ten miRNAs (six upregulated and four downregulated) were found to have periodontal inflammation-associated targets. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and interleukin-17F (IL17F), predicted target genes of upregulated miR-144-5p, showed significant decreases and were negatively correlated with miR-144-5p in the periodontitis group (r = -0.742 for COX2, r = -0.615 for IL17F). CONCLUSION This re-analysis of miRNA signatures has implied the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-144-5p and its potential for exploring alternative therapeutic approaches, especially those that use miRNA delivery systems to treat chronic periodontitis. Nevertheless, further study based on larger sample size and homogenous cells is needed to reveal the exact roles of miRNAs in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Pesevska S, Gjorgoski I, Ivanovski K, Soldatos NK, Angelov N. The effect of low-level diode laser on COX-2 gene expression in chronic periodontitis patients. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1463-1468. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tsai TH, Huang WC, Ying HT, Kuo YH, Shen CC, Lin YK, Tsai PJ. Wild Bitter Melon Leaf Extract Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Inflammation: Identification of Active Compounds through Bioassay-Guided Isolation. Molecules 2016; 21:454. [PMID: 27058519 PMCID: PMC6273076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as one of the major periodontal pathogens. Activity-directed fractionation and purification processes were employed to identify the anti-inflammatory active compounds using heat-killed P. gingivalis-stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells in vitro. Five major fractions were collected from the ethanol/ethyl acetate extract of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) leaves and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity against P. gingivalis. Among the test fractions, Fraction 5 effectively decreased heat-killed P. gingivalis-induced interleukin (IL)-8 and was subjected to separation and purification by using chromatographic techniques. Two cucurbitane triterpenoids were isolated from the active fraction and identified as 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19,25-triol (1) and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (2) by comparing spectral data. Treatments of both compounds in vitro potently suppressed P. gingivalis-induced IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β levels and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in THP-1 cells. Both compounds effectively inhibited the mRNA levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in P. gingivalis-stimulated gingival tissue of mice. These findings imply that 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19,25-triol and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al could be used for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against P. gingivalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, Keelung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - How-Ting Ying
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Rao SR, Balaji TM, Prakash PSG, Lavu V. Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in human cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:69-74. [PMID: 25124319 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to immuno-localize and estimate the levels of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in human gingival tissue samples from healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis patients and patients with cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS Group I consisted of individuals with healthy gingiva (n=6), Group II - cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth (n=9) and Group III - chronic periodontitis patients (n=6). Gingival tissue samples were collected from subjects of all the three groups. COX-1, COX-2 levels were estimated in tissue homogenates by enzyme activity assay. Immuno-localization for COX-1 and COX-2 was also done in sections of gingival tissue. RESULTS The study results demonstrated a significantly higher mean levels of COX-1 and 2 in drug induced gingival overgrowth samples (p<0.05). COX-1 and COX-2 was localized to epithelium and connective tissue in human gingival tissue sections from cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth. CONCLUSION Cyclooxygenase enzymes appear to be potential mediators involved in the pathogenesis of cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ranga Rao
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - T M Balaji
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P S G Prakash
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Ramapuram, Chennai 600 089, India
| | - Vamsi Lavu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mesa F, O’Valle F, Rizzo M, Cappello F, Donos N, Parkar M, Chaudhary N, Carini F, Muñoz R, Nibali L. Association between COX-2 rs 6681231 genotype and interleukin-6 in periodontal connective tissue. A pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87023. [PMID: 24551049 PMCID: PMC3923747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to investigate associations between IL-6 and COX-2 expression in gingival biopsies and both clinical diagnosis and genotypes in the IL-6 and COX-2 genes. DESIGN A case-control study included 41 gingival biopsies obtained from Caucasian patients grouped according to clinical diagnosis of gingival health (n = 10), gingivitis (n = 15) or chronic periodontitis (n = 16). Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to determine COX-2 expression in lamina propria, IL-6 expression in lamina propria and gingival epithelium and level of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Individual DNA was extracted and genotyped by real-time PCR for IL6 SNPs rs 2069827 and rs 2069825 and for COX-2 rs 6681231. RESULTS The percentage of cellular COX-2 expression was associated with the extent of periodontal disease (Arbes index p = 0.026) and inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.0001). No association was observed between IL6 haplotypes and cells positive to IL-6 or COX-2 in gingival tissues. The COX-2 rs 6681231 was associated with cells positive to IL-6 in the connective tissue (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS COX-2 expression in gingival tissues may be a marker of periodontal disease severity. COX-2 rs 6681231 may be associated with IL-6 local production in gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Departments of Pathology, School of Medicine and Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nikos Donos
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Parkar
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Navidah Chaudhary
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Carini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Prakash G, Umar M, Ajay S, Bali D, Upadhyay R, Gupta KK, Dixit J, Mittal B. COX-2 gene polymorphisms and risk of chronic periodontitis: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2013; 21:38-45. [PMID: 24267395 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is a major mediator of inflammation in periodontitis, leading to loss of gingival tissues and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. Previous studies have explored the role of COX-2 polymorphisms with the risk of periodontitis in different ethnic groups; however, findings are inconsistent. So, we aimed to investigate the association of COX-2 polymorphisms (rs20417, rs689466, and rs5275) in susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) in northern Indian population. Meta-analysis was also carried out to precisely estimate the effect of COX-2 polymorphisms in CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping of COX-2 polymorphisms was carried out through PCR-RFLP in 200 CP cases and 200 controls. For risk estimation, binary logistic regression was applied using SPSS, version 15.0, while meta-analysis was carried using MIX 2.0 software. RESULTS None of the COX-2 polymorphisms independently were associated with the risk of CP. Meta-analysis suggested a significant reduced risk of CP with rs5275+8473 C allele and rs20417 in Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS No association was observed in any of the studied COX-2 polymorphisms with CP in North India. But, the study should be replicated in larger sample size to arrive at a definitive conclusion. Meta-analysis suggested a role of rs5275 COX-2 polymorphisms in susceptibility to overall CP, and on ethnic basis, rs20417 showed reduced risk of CP in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prakash
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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