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Polat B, Okur DT, Çolak A, Okur S, Özkaraca M, Yilmaz K. Comparison of three different dosages of low-level laser therapy on expression of cell proliferation and inflammatory markers following ovariohysterectomy in rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:273-282. [PMID: 37624142 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2252075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of incisional wounds following ovariohysterectomy in rats, by means of subjective histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. A total of 72 female Wistar rats were categorised into four treatment groups (Group I; sacrification 4 hours following only one LLLT application, Group II; sacrification 7 days following only one LLLT application, Group III; sacrification 4 hours after two LLLT applications, and Group IV; sacrification 7 days after two LLLT applications). Each group was further divided into four different doses subgroups (Group Control [C, off mode LLLT application], L1 [1 J/cm2], L3 [3 J/cm2], and L6 [6 J/cm2]), with equal representation in each subgroup. Ovariohysterectomy was employed using two 2-cm-length midline abdominal incisions in the left and right sides of line alba. The Group C was assigned to the left side incision to each rat in the study. After irradiation, the tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis to determine the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration, edoema, and epithelialization. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Group L1 and L3 significantly decreased mononuclear cell infiltration compared with Group C in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Group L3 significantly decreased edoema compared with Group C in all groups except for treatment Group I (p < 0.05). Group L2 and L3 significantly increased epithelization in treatment Group IV (p < 0.05). Moreover, Group L2 and L3 significantly increased pCNA in all groups, while L2 and L3 significantly decreased iNOS expression in treatment Group II, III, and IV (p < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between subgroups of treatment Group I in iNOS expiration (p > 0.05). The results of the current examination demonstrated that LLLT can modulate mononuclear cell infiltration and edoema, and improve epithelization, as well as increase pCNA expression, whereas decrease iNOS expression during the wound healing process, therefore enhancing wound healing following ovariohysterectomy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Bil-Tek, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, TR, Turkey
| | - Damla Tuğçe Okur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Armağan Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sıtkıcan Okur
- Department of Surgery, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kader Yilmaz
- Celal Oruç Animal Production School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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Garcia VG, Rocha TED, Gomes NA, Miessi DMJ, Nuernberg MAA, Rodrigues JVS, Cardoso JDM, Ervolino E, Theodoro LH. Adjuvant effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats undergoing chemotherapy. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230135. [PMID: 37991087 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU.108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS - systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU - systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP - systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Instituto Latino Americano de Pesquisa e Ensino Odontológico (ILAPEO), Curitiba , PR , Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Tiago Esgalha da Rocha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Natália Amanda Gomes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Daniela Maria Janjácomo Miessi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Marta Aparecida Alberton Nuernberg
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - João Victor Soares Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Ciências Básicas , Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
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Photodynamic Therapy with Natural Photosensitizers in the Management of Periodontal Disease Induced in Rats. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020134. [PMID: 35200515 PMCID: PMC8872554 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of new natural photosensitizers (PS) (based on oregano essential oil, curcuma extract, and arnica oil) through in vitro cytotoxicity and biological tests in rat-induced periodontal disease, treated with photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The cytotoxicity of PS was performed on human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines. Periodontal disease was induced by ligation of the first mandibular molar of 25 rats, which were divided into 5 groups: control group, periodontitis group, Curcuma and aPDT-treated group, oregano and aPDT-treated group, and aPDT group. The animals were euthanized after 4 weeks of study. Computed tomography imaging has been used to evaluate alveolar bone loss. Hematological and histological evaluation showed a greater magnitude of the inflammatory response and severe destruction of the periodontal ligaments in the untreated group.. For the group with the induced periodontitis and treated with natural photosensitizers, the aPDT improved the results; this therapy could be an important adjuvant treatment. The obtained results of these preliminary studies encourage us to continue the research of periodontitis treated with natural photosensitizers activated by photodynamic therapy.
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Novaes VCN, Ervolino E, Fernandes GL, Cunha CP, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG, de Almeida JM. Influence of the treatment with the antineoplastic agents 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin on the severity of experimental periodontitis in rats. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:1967-1980. [PMID: 34633539 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The determination on how antineoplastic agents interfere on the progression of periodontitis is critical for improvement and even development of novel therapeutic approaches for periodontal management. This study evaluated the influence of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CIS) on healthy periodontal tissues and on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP). METHODS One hundred forty-four male rats were divided into six groups (n = 24). Each group was treated with physiological saline solution (PSS) 0.9%, 5-FU, or CIS. Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced by ligature placement. Animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed lower percentage of bone volume in the furcation region and higher percentage of alveolar bone loss, higher number of TRAP-positive cells, and lower number of PCNA-positive cells when compared group with EP and treated with PSS (p ≤ 0.05). Groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed high immunolabelling pattern of RANKL, TNF-α, and IL-1β, moderate of BAX, and low of HIF-1α. Histological analysis showed severe tissue breakdown in the groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents 5-FU and CIS increased the intensity and duration of the inflammation and compromised tissue repair by reduction in cellular and vascular turnover. The more severe periodontal breakdown was caused by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, Histology Division, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovani Lopes Fernandes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Clara Possarle Cunha
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), St. José Bonifácio 1193 - Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Theodoro LH, Marcantonio RAC, Wainwright M, Garcia VG. LASER in periodontal treatment: is it an effective treatment or science fiction? Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e099. [PMID: 34586213 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several studies that evaluate the use of lasers in periodontal treatment in non-surgical or surgical therapy. However, while several studies showed clinically beneficial effects of some lasers in periodontal treatment, there are few clinical reports of additional advantages of lasers as adjunctive treatments in periodontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate and critically analyze the level of scientific evidence of effects of low-level lasers and high-power lasers in periodontology. A narrative review of the studies was carried out in each topic and type of laser or periodontal treatment. In nonsurgical periodontal therapy the results showed that there is an additional clinical benefit when using a diode laser (DL) associated with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. The Er:YAG laser seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy and promotes the same clinical effects as conventional therapy. In periodontal surgery vaporization of the gingival or mucosal tissue can be carried out with DL, CO2, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Photobiomodulation (PBM), mediated by low-level lasers associated with non-surgical periodontal therapy, promotes additional benefits in the short term and accelerates the bone and gingival tissue repair process and also reduces postoperative symptoms of periodontal surgery. The effect of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy is relevant in the initial reevaluation periods. Studies have shown controversial results of the use of lasers in periodontics, and this fact may be due to the lack of standard parameters of irradiation in each clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Wainwright
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education - Ilapeo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Theodoro LH, da Rocha TE, Wainwright M, Nuernberg MAA, Ervolino E, Souza EQM, Brandini DA, Garcia VG. Comparative effects of different phenothiazine photosensitizers on experimental periodontitis treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102198. [PMID: 33578028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the phenothiazine photosensitizers methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue-O (TBO) and butyl toluidine blue (BuTB) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), as adjuvant therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS 120 Wistar rats underwent ligation around the lower left molar. After seven days, the ligature was removed. The animals were separated into the following groups (n = 15): EP, no treatment; SRP, SRP and irrigation with saline solution; MB, SRP and deposition of MB; TBO, SRP and deposition of TBO; BuTB, SRP and deposition of BuTB; MB-aPDT, SRP and aPDT with MB; TBO-aPDT, SRP and aPDT with TBO and; BuTB-aPDT, SRP and aPDT with BuTB. The aPDT session was performed after SRP, with deposition of the photosensitizer and irradiation with a diode laser (DL; InGaAlP, 660 nm, 40 mW, 60 s, 2.4 J). Histological and histometric analysis was performed. RESULTS BuTB-aPDT group had a lesser extent of the inflammatory process compared to the EP, SRP, MB and TBO at all experimental periods (p < 0.05). At 15 days, the aPDT treated groups had a greater bone tissue structure than groups EP and SRP (p < 0.05) The BuTB showed lower Alveolar Bone Loss (ABL) compared to the TBO-aPDT group at 30 days (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT using the photosensitizer BuTB proved to be the adjuvant therapy that most favored the reduction of inflammatory infiltrate in the furcation area and ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Esgalha da Rocha
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Quintão Manhanini Souza
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Atili Brandini
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Nuernberg MAA, Wainwright M, Miessi DMJ, Scalet V, Olivo MB, Ervolino E, Garcia VG, Theodoro LH. Effects of butyl toluidine blue photosensitizer on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for experimental periodontitis treatment in rats. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Almeida JM, Pazmino VFC, Novaes VCN, Bomfim SRM, Nagata MJH, Oliveira FLP, Matheus HR, Ervolino E. Chronic consumption of alcohol increases alveolar bone loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232731. [PMID: 32817640 PMCID: PMC7446912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of the chronic consumption of different concentrations of alcohol on the experimental periodontitis (EP). 160 rats were divided into 4 groups: (EP-NT) rats with EP and no alcohol exposure; (EP-A14) rats with EP exposed to 14% alcohol; (EP-A25) rats with EP exposed to 25% alcohol; (EP-A36) rats with EP exposed to 36% alcohol. The animals from the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups were subjected to different concentrations of alcohol 30 days before EP induction. The histological characteristics, percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) and bone metabolism in the furcation region were evaluated. The PBF and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) data were subjected to statistical analysis. The EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups had lower PBFs compared with the EP-NT group. A more severe inflammatory process and a greater number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. In the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups, the inflammatory process became more severe as the ingested alcoholic concentration increased. An increase in RANKL immunolabeling and a significantly higher number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. We conclude that chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of experimental periodontitis in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the magnitude of local inflammatory responses and stimulating alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Fabrizio Cabrera Pazmino
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Hitomi Nagata
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fred Lucas Pinto Oliveira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rinald Matheus
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Bayer Alinca S, Sağlam E, Zengin Celik T, Hacisalihoglu P, Doğan MA. Is low level laser therapy or ozone therapy more effective for bone healing? Understanding the mechanisms of HIF-1α, RANKL and OPG. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:597-604. [PMID: 32292090 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1743360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic infection of dental tissues. Ozone therapy (OT) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) are useful treatments for periodontitis. We investigated the effects of OT and LLLT on periodontal disease-induced bone destruction in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis (EP). We used 30 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, OT and LLLT. EP was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture around the cervix of the left mandibular first molar tooth. OT was performed using an ozone generator at 80% concentration. LLLT was applied using a diode laser. Both OT and LLLT were performed for two weeks at two day intervals. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses also were performed. Alveolar bone loss was significantly less in the LLLT group compared to the control group. The number of HIF-1α positive cells was significantly less in the LLLT group compared to the control group. We found significantly fewer RANKL-positive cells in the OT group compared to the control group. The number of osteoprotegerin (OPG) positive cells was significantly greater for the LLLT group than for the control group. Although both treatments produced positive effects, LLLT appears to be more effective for increasing alveolar bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayer Alinca
- Kecioren Osmanli Public Oral Health Center , Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University , İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - P Hacisalihoglu
- Department of Pathology, Yeni Yuzyil University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Doğan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Steffens JP, Valenga HM, Santana LCL, Albaricci MCDC, Kantarci A, Spolidorio LC. Role of testosterone and androgen receptor in periodontal disease progression in female rats. J Periodontol 2019; 91:545-553. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Steffens
- Department of StomatologyUniversidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | - Luis Carlos Leal Santana
- Department of Physiology and PathologySchool of Dentistry at AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and PathologySchool of Dentistry at AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
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Amos-Tautua BM, Songca SP, Oluwafemi OS. Application of Porphyrins in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E2456. [PMID: 31277423 PMCID: PMC6650910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used to control, treat, or prevent bacterial infections, however bacterial resistance to all known classes of traditional antibiotics has greatly increased in the past years especially in hospitals rendering certain therapies ineffective. To limit this emerging public health problem, there is a need to develop non-incursive, non-toxic, and new antimicrobial techniques that act more effectively and quicker than the current antibiotics. One of these effective techniques is antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This review focuses on the application of porphyrins in the photo-inactivation of bacteria. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance and some of the current 'greener' methods of synthesis of meso-phenyl porphyrins are discussed. In addition, significance and limitations of aPDT are also discussed. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the current clinical applications and the future perspectives and directions of this non-antibiotic therapeutic strategy in combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele M Amos-Tautua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Sandile P Songca
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
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12
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de Almeida JM, Marques BM, Novaes VCN, de Oliveira FLP, Matheus HR, Fiorin LG, Ervolino E. Influence of adjuvant therapy with green tea extract in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:65-73. [PMID: 30974379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the effects of topical green tea extract solution (GTE) as adjuvant therapy to mechanical debridement for the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 120 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus - Wistar), divided into the following four groups: NEP (sham) (n = 30): no experimental periodontitis (NEP), only simulation of EP by installation and removal of a ligature; EP (n = 30): EP induction by ligature; SRP (n = 30): EP, scaling and root planing (SRP), and irrigation with physiological saline solution; SRP/GT (n = 30): EP, SRP, and irrigation with GTE. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed for detection of interleukin (IL)1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and anti-tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the furcation area. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was considered the primary variable and evaluated at 14, 22, and 37 days. The data from the histological analysis and the IL- 1B, TNF- A, and IL-10 were submitted to a Kruskal-Wallis variance test and Dunn's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). The histometric data and TRAP were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The SRP/GT group showed lower inflammatory process, lower immunolabeling pattern of IL-1ß and TNF-α, and greater immunolabeling pattern of IL-10 compared with the EP and SRP groups at 22 days. Fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts were observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (5.22 ± 0.65; 7.33 ± 0.80; 8.55 ± 1.15) compared with the SRP group (30.67 ± 8.55; 13.22 ± 0.77; 13.87 ± 0.77). Higher PBF was observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (74.65 ± 7.14; 76.61 ± 5.36; 79.24 ± 3.75) compared with the SRP group (61.60 ± 9.48; 54.84 ± 9.06; 53.25 ± 9.66). CONCLUSION GTE adjuvant to SRP reduced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and alveolar bone loss in EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Mayara Marques
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fred Lucas Pinto de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rinaldi Matheus
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Fiorin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science - Histology Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Alberton Nuernberg MA, Janjacomo Miessi DM, Ivanaga CA, Bocalon Olivo M, Ervolino E, Gouveia Garcia V, Wainwright M, Theodoro LH. Influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing on alveolar bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:354-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Ervolino E, Statkievicz C, Toro LF, de Mello-Neto JM, Cavazana TP, Issa JPM, Dornelles RCM, de Almeida JM, Nagata MJH, Okamoto R, Casatti CA, Garcia VG, Theodoro LH. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves the alveolar repair process and prevents the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaws after tooth extraction in senile rats treated with zoledronate. Bone 2019; 120:101-113. [PMID: 30339908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the alveolar repair of rats with major risk factors for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Senile rats received 0.45 ml of vehicle (VEH and VEH/aPDT) or 0.45 ml of zoledronate (ZOL and ZOL/aPDT) every three days for seven weeks. After three weeks of treatment, the first lower left molar was extracted. VEH/aPDT and ZOL/aPDT were submitted to aPDT on the extraction site at 0, 2 and 4 days postoperatively. Euthanasia was performed 28 days postoperatively and the extraction site was evaluated by clinical, histological, histometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. ZOL showed tissue repair impairment; lower percentage of newly formed bone tissue (NFBT); higher percentage of non-vital bone tissue (NVBT); fewer mature collagen fibers and increased immunolabeling for tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. ZOL/aPDT showed clinical and histological characteristics of the extraction site, percentage of NFBT and percentage of mature collagen fiber similar to VEH. Percentage of NVBT and immunolabeling for inflammatory cytokines in ZOL/aPDT was lower than in ZOL. Immunolabeling for tartarato-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was lower in ZOL and ZOL/aPDT. aPDT in the dental extraction site improves tissue repair process and prevents the occurrence of BRONJ-like lesions after tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Ervolino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristian Statkievicz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luan Felipe Toro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Martins de Mello-Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamires Priscila Cavazana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- São Paulo University (USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Avenida do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Hitomi Nagata
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Aparecido Casatti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Multiple aPDT sessions on periodontitis in rats treated with chemotherapy: histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, immunological and microbiological analyses. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using methylene blue/ethanol formulation in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats: short-term results. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1253-1260. [PMID: 30737587 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an MB experimental formulation (ethanol 20%) in aPDT used as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the periodontal treatment of diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats received streptozotocin-intraperitonial injections to induce diabetes. After 14 days, 5 animals were allocated in the non-ligate group (NLG), and 35 animals received ligature at the first right mandibular molar to induce periodontitis. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and the animals were randomized into 4 groups: LG (without treatment, n = 5), SRPG (SRP, n = 10), aPDTW (SRP+aPDT-MB/water, n = 10), and aPDTEt (SRP + aPDT-MB/water/ethanol/carboxymethylcellulose, n = 10). Animals were euthanized after 7 days. Data of bone loss (BL) area, degree of inflammatory cell response, and collagen fibers percentages were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Percentage of animals that presented mild and severe inflammatory infiltrate was 10% and 40% for SRPG, 20% and 30% for aPDTW, and 50% and 0% for aPDTEt, respectively. BL area (mm2) was statistically higher in the LG (0.39 ± 0.15) than NLG (0.05 ± 0.02). aPDTEt showed the lowest value of BL (0.08 ± 0.03), followed by aPDTW (0.21 ± 0.15) and SRPG (0.31 ± 0.18). Statistical differences were verified between aPDTEt and SRPG. In relation to the LG, aPDTEt, aPDTW, and SRPG recovered the equivalent 80%, 46%, and 20% of the BL. aPDTEt showed collagen content statistically higher than SRPG and LG, and presented higher mean values than NLG (p > 0.05). Our findings showed aPDTEt presented promising results. aPDT using MB/ethanol can have potential as an adjunctive periodontal treatment in diabetics.
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Uslu MÖ, Eltas A, Marakoğlu İ, Dündar S, Şahin K, Özercan İH. Effects of diode laser application on inflammation and mpo in periodontal tissues in a rat model. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170266. [PMID: 30020350 PMCID: PMC6089569 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to histologically and immunologically evaluate the effect of diode laser treatment when applied adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in an experimental periodontitis model. Materials and methods We used Wistar-Albino rats (n=60) with average weight of 230 g. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature at the right and left first mandibular molar teeth in all rats. After 11 days, the ligature was removed and rats were divided into two groups. The control group (n=30) received only SRP treatment, while the laser group (n=30) received a diode laser (GaAlAs, 810 nm, 1 W, 10 J, 20 s) treatment adjunctive to SRP. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed after 7, 15, and 30 days. Histopathological examination was performed in the left mandible of rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was evaluated by western blot in the gingival specimens from the right mandible. Results MPO levels in the laser group were statistically significantly lower compared with the control group (p≤0.05). There was no statistically significance at any time between MPO levels in the control group (p>0.05). MPO levels in the laser group at the 7th day were statistically significantly higher compared to the 15th (p≤0.05) and the 30th day (p≤0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration decreased over time in both groups and was statistically significantly lower in the laser group than in the control group at all times (p≤0.01). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, we suggest that diode laser application is an adjunctive treatment because it reduced inflammation and MPO when applied in addition to SRP. On the other hand, more studies are needed for the assessment of the effects of diode laser application to periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özay Uslu
- Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abubekir Eltas
- Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Marakoğlu
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dündar
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Kazım Şahin
- Firat University, Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition, Elazığ, Turkey
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Garcia VG, Gualberto EC, Ervolino E, Nagata MJH, de Almeida JM, Theodoro LH. aPDT for periodontitis treatment in ovariectomized rats under systemic nicotine. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Comparison of repeated applications of aPDT with amoxicillin and metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A short-term study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:364-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Santos BFE, Souza EQM, Brigagão MRPL, Lima DCD, Fernandes LA. Local application of statins in the treatment of experimental periodontal disease in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:168-176. [PMID: 28403357 PMCID: PMC5393537 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572016-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the local effects of statins as adjuvants for treatment by scaling and root planing (SRP) of periodontal disease induced in rats. Material and Methods Ninety rats were used in the present experiment. Periodontal disease was induced in all animals using a cotton thread placed in the left first mandibular molar. After 7 days of induction, the bandage was removed and the animals were divided into three groups: 1) NT group (n=30), no treatment; 2) SRP group (n=30): SRP and irrigation with control gel; 3) S group (n=30) - SRP and irrigation with Simvastatin. Ten animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days after treatment. Gingival biopsy specimens were processed to analyze the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8). The mandibles were removed and submitted to radiographic and laboratory processing for histometric analysis. Results The S group showed a significantly lower expression of MMP-8 compared to NT and SRP groups in all experimental periods. In the radiographic and histometric analyses between the groups, S group showed a significantly lower bone loss (BL) compared to NT and SRP groups in all experimental periods. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that locally applied statin was effective as an adjuvant treatment for SRP in rats with induced periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Coelho de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Leandro Araújo Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
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Theodoro LH, Longo M, Novaes VCN, Miessi DMJ, Ferro-Alves ML, Ervolino E, de Almeida JM, Garcia VG. Low-level laser and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on experimental periodontitis in rats submitted to chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:3261-3271. [PMID: 28488051 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjuvant to mechanical treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in adult rats submitted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. METHODS EP was induced through ligature around the left mandibular first molar for 7 days. The ligature was removed and the animals separated into groups: EP, no treatment; 5FU, systemic administration of 5-FU (80 and 40 mg/kg); 5FU/scaling and root planing (SRP), systemic application of 5-FU and SRP; 5FU/SRP/LLLT, systemic application of 5-FU, SRP, and LLLT (660 nm, 0.035 W; 29.4 J/cm2); and 5FU/SRP/aPDT, systemic application of 5-FU, SRP, and aPDT (methylene blue irrigation and LLLT). The animals were euthanized 7, 15, and 30 days after treatments. Histological sections from mandibles were processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis (TRAP, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10). The alveolar bone loss (BL) area in the furcation region of the mandibular first molar was analyzed histometrically. RESULTS There was less bone loss in 5FU/SRP/aPDT compared with 5FU at 7 days (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical analysis showed no significant difference for TRAP and osteoprotegerin, but lower RANKL immunolabeling was observed in the 5FU/SRP/LLLT and 5FU/SRP/aPDT groups compared with the 5FU group at 15 days. There was lower TNF-α and IL-6 immunolabeling in the 5FU/SRP/LLLT and 5FU/SRP/aPDT groups and higher IL-10 immunolabeling in 5FU/SRP/aPDT at 30 days. CONCLUSION LLLT and aPDT adjuvant to SRP minimized the effects of 5-FU on periodontal disease. Furthermore, aPDT promoted greater benefits in bone loss control and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariéllen Longo
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maria Janjacomo Miessi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Luiz Ferro-Alves
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira GJPLD, Paula LGFD, Souza JACD, Spin-Neto R, Stavropoulos A, Marcantonio RAC. Effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e28. [PMID: 28403331 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One SRP group in which saline solution was administered (SS), and three groups in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment (SRP/ASU+7). ASU and SS were administered daily by gavage until the sacrifice of the animals (7, 15, and 30 days after SRP). The % bone in the furcation area was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro-CT. The expression of proteins (TRAP, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) and mRNA (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The SRP/ASU+7 group presented a higher percentage of bone fill in the furcation area and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase than in the SRP group (at 7 and 30 days, respectively). The SRP/ASU0 and SRP/ASU+7 groups presented lower expression levels of RANKL mRNA than the SRP and SRP/ASU-7 groups at 15 days. ASU administration on the day of the SRP treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis promoted subtle beneficial effects on periodontal repair following the treatment of induced periodontitis within the experimental period of 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry, Section of Oral Radiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Malmo, Sweden
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Theodoro LH, Longo M, Ervolino E, Duque C, Ferro-Alves ML, Assem NZ, Louzada LM, Garcia VG. Effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis induced in rats subjected to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:669-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - M. Longo
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - E. Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - C. Duque
- Department of Paediatric and Social Dentistry; São Paulo State University (“Univ Estadual Paulista” - UNESP; Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - M. L. Ferro-Alves
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - N. Z. Assem
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - L. M. Louzada
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - V. G. Garcia
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Division of Periodontics; São Paulo State University (“Univ. Estadual Paulista” - UNESP); Araçatuba SP Brazil
- University Centre of the Educational Foundation of Barretos (UNIFEB); Barretos SP Brazil
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Oruba Z, Łabuz P, Macyk W, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—A discovery originating from the pre-antibiotic era in a novel periodontal therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:612-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gualberto EC, Theodoro LH, Longo M, Novaes VCN, Nagata MJH, Ervolino E, Garcia VG. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy minimizes the deleterious effect of nicotine in female rats with induced periodontitis. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 31:83-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kikuchi T, Mogi M, Okabe I, Okada K, Goto H, Sasaki Y, Fujimura T, Fukuda M, Mitani A. Adjunctive Application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24111-26. [PMID: 26473843 PMCID: PMC4632741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by dental plaque biofilms, and the removal of these biofilms from the root surface of teeth plays a central part in its treatment. The conventional treatment for periodontal disease fails to remove periodontal infection in a subset of cases, such as those with complicated root morphology. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an additional treatment for this infectious disease. Many periodontal pathogenic bacteria are susceptible to low-power lasers in the presence of dyes, such as methylene blue, toluidine blue O, malachite green, and indocyanine green. aPDT uses these light-activated photosensitizer that is incorporated selectively by bacteria and absorbs a low-power laser/light with an appropriate wavelength to induce singlet oxygen and free radicals, which are toxic to bacteria. While this technique has been evaluated by many clinical studies, some systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported controversial results about the benefits of aPDT for periodontal treatment. In the light of these previous reports, the aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about aPDT and help extend knowledge of advanced laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Iichiro Okabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Takeki Fujimura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
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De Almeida J, Ervolino E, Bonfietti LH, Novaes VCN, Theodoro LH, Fernandes LA, Martins TM, Faleiros PL, Garcia VG. Adjuvant Therapy With Sodium Alendronate for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1166-75. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Garcia VG, Knoll LR, Longo M, Novaes VCN, Assem NZ, Ervolino E, de Toledo BEC, Theodoro LH. Effect of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:26-37. [PMID: 25918871 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of the local use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy and as an adjuvant to the mechanical treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced in 72 rats via the installation of a ligature around the mandibular first molar. After 7 d, the ligature was removed and the rats were placed in one of the following groups: no treatment (C; n = 18); scaling and root planing (SRP; n = 18); local irrigation with probiotics (PRO; n = 18); and SRP followed by local irrigation with probiotics (SRP/PRO; n = 18). Six rats from each group were killed at 7, 15 and 30 d. The histological characteristics, alveolar bone loss (ABL) and immunolabeling of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TRAP on the furcation area of the first molar were assessed. RESULTS The PRO group showed features of acceleration of the tissue-repair process during the entire experiment. On day 15, there was less ABL in the SRP/PRO group compared with the C group. There were fewer TRAP-positive cells in the SRP and SRP/PRO groups at 30 d. There was less immunostaining for TNF-α in the PRO and SRP/PRO groups and less immunostaining for IL-1β in the PRO group. However, there was more immunostaining for IL-10 in the PRO group on day 15. CONCLUSION Local use of the probiotic did not result in any adverse effects on periodontal tissues. When used as monotherapy or as an adjuvant, the probiotic was effective at controlling periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Garcia
- Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Master Course, Barretos Dental School, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos (UNIFEB), Barretos, Brazil
| | - L R Knoll
- Master Course, Barretos Dental School, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos (UNIFEB), Barretos, Brazil
| | - M Longo
- Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - V C N Novaes
- Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - N Z Assem
- Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - B E C de Toledo
- Master Course, Barretos Dental School, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos (UNIFEB), Barretos, Brazil
| | - L H Theodoro
- Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Garcia VG, Longo M, Gualberto Júnior EC, Bosco AF, Nagata MJH, Ervolino E, Theodoro LH. Effect of the concentration of phenothiazine photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on bone loss and the immune inflammatory response of induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:584-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. G. Garcia
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
- Master Course; Dental School of Barretos; University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos; Barretos São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Longo
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. C. Gualberto Júnior
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. F. Bosco
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. J. H. Nagata
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. H. Theodoro
- Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry; Division of Periodontics; Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
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Javed F, Romanos GE. Does Photodynamic Therapy Enhance Standard Antibacterial Therapy in Dentistry? Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:512-8. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Nagata MJH, de Campos N, Messora MR, Pola NM, Santinoni CS, Bomfim SRM, Fucini SE, Ervolino E, de Almeida JM, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG. Platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, or their combination promotes periodontal regeneration in fenestration defects: a preliminary in vivo study. J Periodontol 2013; 85:770-8. [PMID: 24001046 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study histomorphometrically analyzes the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFDs) in rats. METHODS PFDs were surgically created in the mandibles of 80 rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: 1) C (control) and 2) PRP, defects were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively; 3) LLLT and 4) PRP/LLLT, defects received laser irradiation, were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively, and then irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-surgery. Percentage of new bone (NB), density of newly formed bone (DNB), new cementum (NC), and extension of remaining defect (ERD) were histomorphometrically evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance; Tukey test, P <0.05). RESULTS At 10 days, group PRP presented ERD significantly lower than group C. At 30 days, group PRP presented NB and DNB significantly greater than group C. Groups LLLT, PRP, and PRP/LLLT showed significant NC formation at 30 days, with collagen fibers inserted obliquely or perpendicularly to the root surface. NC formation was not observed in any group C specimen. CONCLUSIONS LLLT, PRP, or their combination all promoted NC formation with a functional periodontal ligament. The combination PRP/LLLT did not show additional positive effects compared to the use of either therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J H Nagata
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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