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Blanc-Sylvestre N, Bouchard P, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Pre-Clinical Models in Implant Dentistry: Past, Present, Future. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1538. [PMID: 34829765 PMCID: PMC8615291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research seeks to generate experimental results for translation to clinical settings. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must draw justifiable conclusions based on data from an appropriate model. Animal testing, as a prerequisite to human clinical exposure, is performed in a range of species, from laboratory mice to larger animals (such as dogs or non-human primates). Minipigs appear to be the animal of choice for studying bone surgery around intraoral dental implants. Dog models, well-known in the field of dental implant research, tend now to be used for studies conducted under compromised oral conditions (biofilm). Regarding small animal models, research studies mostly use rodents, with interest in rabbit models declining. Mouse models remain a reference for genetic studies. On the other hand, over the last decade, scientific advances and government guidelines have led to the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of all animal models in dental implant research. In new development strategies, some in vivo experiments are being progressively replaced by in vitro or biomaterial approaches. In this review, we summarize the key information on the animal models currently available for dental implant research and highlight (i) the pros and cons of each type, (ii) new levels of decisional procedures regarding study objectives, and (iii) the outlook for animal research, discussing possible non-animal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanc-Sylvestre
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
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Huang Z, Wang Z, Yin K, Li C, Guo M, Lan J. The biocompatibility and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed zirconia coated abutment. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:157-166. [PMID: 32601535 PMCID: PMC7314630 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance and reliability of plasma sprayed nanostructured zirconia (NSZ) coating. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of three areas of analysis: (1) Mechanical property: surface roughness of NSZ coating and bond strength between NSZ coating and titanium specimens were measured, and the microstructure of bonding interface was also observed by scanning election microscope (SEM). (2) Biocompatibility: hemolysis tests, cell proliferation tests, and rat subcutaneous implant test were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of NSZ coating. (3) Mechanical compatibility: fracture and artificial aging tests were performed to measure the mechanical compatibility of NSZ-coated titanium abutments. RESULTS In the mechanical study, 400 µm thick NSZ coatings had the highest bond strength (71.22 ± 1.02 MPa), and a compact transition layer could be observed. In addition, NSZ coating showed excellent biocompatibility in both hemolysis tests and cell proliferation tests. In subcutaneous implant test, NSZ-coated plates showed similar inflammation elimination and fibrous tissue formation processes with that of titanium specimens. Regarding fatigue tests, all NSZ-coated abutments survived in the five-year fatigue test and showed sufficient fracture strength (407.65–663.7 N) for incisor teeth. CONCLUSION In this study, the plasma-sprayed NSZ-coated titanium abutments presented sufficient fracture strength and biocompatibility, and it was demonstrated that plasma spray was a reliable method to prepare high-quality zirconia coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaifeng Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meihua Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Yamazaki S, Masaki C, Nodai T, Tsuka S, Tamura A, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Ono K, Hosokawa R. The effects of hyperglycaemia on peri-implant tissues after osseointegration. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 64:217-223. [PMID: 31852608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the effects of hyperglycaemia induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on peri-implantitis developing after implant osseointegration. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats (4 weeks old) were used. We placed titanium implants 4 weeks after extraction of the maxillary first molars. Healing abutments were attached 4 weeks later. After osseointegration was confirmed, the rats were divided into control, hyperglycaemia (STZ), and STZ with insulin (STZ+INS) groups. Hyperglycaemia was induced by a single injection of 50mg/kg STZ. Silk ligatures were placed on only the right sides (i.e. ligature sides), not on the left sides. Peri-implant tissues extracted at 4 weeks post-ligation were analysed both radiologically (via micro-computed tomography) and histologically (via toluidine blue staining). Total RNA was also extracted and analysed by quantitative PCR to detect TNF-α, IL-1β and the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Additionally, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Radiological and histological analyses showed that bone loss on the non-ligature sides was significantly greater in the STZ than the control group. However, on the ligature sides, bone loss was greater than on the non-ligature sides, and no significant difference was evident among the three groups. The levels of mRNAs encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, RAGE, and AGEs on the ligature sides were significantly upregulated (all P<0.05) in the STZ compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Although hyperglycaemia could be associated with bone loss around implants with increased AGE production and RAGE expression, hyperglycaemia does not become a triggering factor of ligature induced peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Nodai
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Shintaro Tsuka
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamura
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Graduate School, Japan
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Huang Z, Wang Z, Li C, Zhou N, Liu F, Lan J. The osteoinduction of RGD and Mg ion functionalized bioactive zirconia coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:95. [PMID: 31414276 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesion, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts on arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)- and magnesium ion (Mg+)-decorated zirconia coatings. The zirconia coatings were prepared via a plasma spray; RGD and Mg+ were immobilized via a silane-coupling agent and ion implantation, respectively. This study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology of RGD- and Mg+-decorated zirconia coatings; surface roughness and wettability were also measured. The initial adhesion of osteoblasts was measured, and cell morphology and focal adhesion were observed. In addition, the expressions of the integrins a1, a2, a5, av, and ß1 were measured using RT-PCR. A cell count was conducted to measure proliferation. The expressions of ALP and OCN were detected based on a western blot analysis, and mineralized nodules were observed to visualize the mineralization of osteoblasts. A nanoscale surface structure could be found on the Mg+-decorated zirconia coating, and the RGD-decorated zirconia coating showed better wettability (p < 0.05). Cells on the RGD- and Mg+-decorated zirconia coating possessed better spreading properties than did cells on nondecorated surfaces, and more focal adhesion was observed. The higher expressions of the integrins a5, av and ß1 were found on the RGD-decorated zirconia coating (p < 0.05). The western blot results demonstrated that the introduction of Mg+ heightened the expressions of ALP and OCN. More and bigger mineralized nodules were observed on the Mg+- and RGD-decorated zirconia coating, which consisted of small mineralized nodules. RGD- and Mg+-functionalized zirconia coating facilitates the osteogenic reaction of osteoblasts. RGD improves the adhesion of osteoblasts, and Mg+ benefits the mineralization of osteoblasts. In addition, a synergistic effect was found between RGD and Mg+, allowing better performances with regard to adhesion, proliferation and mineralization when the two were used together rather than as separate decorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Jia L, Han N, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Pathogenesis of Important Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis via Toll-Like Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:262. [PMID: 31380305 PMCID: PMC6657652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common intraoral infection and is inextricably linked to systemic diseases. Recently, the regulation between host immunologic response and periodontal pathogens has become a hotspot to explain the mechanism of periodontitis and related systemic diseases. Since Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was proved as critical periodontal pathogen above all, researches focusing on the mechanism of its virulence factors have received extensive attention. Studies have shown that in the development of periodontitis, in addition to the direct release of virulent factors by periodontal pathogens to destroy periodontal tissues, over-low or over-high intrinsic immune and inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can lead to more lasting destruction of periodontal tissues. It is very necessary to sort out how various cytopathic factors of P. gingivalis mediate inflammation and immune responses between the host through TLRs so as to help precisely prevent, diagnose, and treat periodontitis in clinic. This review summarizes the role of three most widely studied pathogenic factors produced by P. gingivalis (lipopolysaccharide, gingipains, pili) and their interactions with TLRs at the cellular and molecular level in the progress of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Eckert M, Mizgalska D, Sculean A, Potempa J, Stavropoulos A, Eick S. In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:240-248. [PMID: 29498485 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK-proteases. In addition, T. forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/ peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were taken from healthy tooth and implant sites (n = 10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n = 12), and periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites (n = 10). Concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1β and IL-10 in GCF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Loads of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by quantitative PCR, whereas gene expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. The presence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, as well as the level of IL-8 and IL-1β, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T. forsythia, genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK-protease genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes ranged from 20.7% to 58.6% of samples (for forsylisin and miropsin-1, respectively). In comparison with the T. forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T. forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK-proteases and especially miropin, might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Eick
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Huang Z, Wang Z, Li C, Yin K, Hao D, Lan J. Application of Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Coating in Dental Implants: Study in Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2018; 44:37-45. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the osseointegration of a novel coating—plasma-sprayed nanostructured zirconia (NSZ)—for dental implants. Nanostructured zirconia coating on non-thread titanium implant was prepared by plasma spraying, and the implant surface morphology, surface roughness, and wettability were measured. In vivo, nanostructured zirconia-coated implants were inserted in rabbit tibia, and the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. The bond strength between implant and bone was measured with the removal torque (RTQ) test. Osseointegration was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microcomputerized tomography (micro CT), and histological analyses. Quantified parameters were calculated, including removal torque, bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation/spacing (Tb.Sp), and bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage. The statistical differences were detected with a two-tail Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS 20.0). The surface roughness (1.58 μm) and wettability (54.61°) of a nanostructured zirconia-coated implant was more suitable than the titanium implant (0.598 μm, 74.38°) for osseointegration and hierarchical surface morphology seen on the zirconia coating. The histological analyses showed that a zirconia-coated implant induced earlier and had more condensed bone formation than did the titanium implant at 2 and 4 weeks. Quantified parameters showed the significant differences between these 2 groups at an early healing period, but the differences between the 2 groups decreased with an increased healing period. All these results demonstrated that plasma-sprayed zirconia coated implants induced better bone formation than did titanium implants at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Huang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaifeng Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Dan Hao
- Nantong Stomatological Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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BALCI YUCE H. Periodontoloji Alaninda Hayvan Çalışmaları: Deneysel Periodontal ve Periimplant Hastalığın İndüksiyonu. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.307312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia to dentin and titanium with sandblasted and acid etched surface coated with serum and serum proteins - An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:81-88. [PMID: 27825675 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adhesion of selected bacterial strains incl. expression of important virulence factors at dentin and titanium SLA surfaces coated with layers of serum proteins. METHODS Dentin- and moderately rough SLA titanium-discs were coated overnight with human serum, or IgG, or human serum albumin (HSA). Thereafter, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, or a six-species mixture were added for 4h and 24h. The number of adhered bacteria (colony forming units; CFU) was determined. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis and mRNA expressions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia proteases and T. forsythia protease inhibitor were measured. RESULTS Coating specimens never resulted in differences exceeding 1.1 log10 CFU, comparing to controls, irrespective the substrate. Counts of T. forsythia were statistically significantly higher at titanium than dentin, the difference was up to 3.7 log10 CFU after 24h (p=0.002). No statistically significant variation regarding adhesion of the mixed culture was detected between surfaces or among coatings. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis was associated with log10 CFU but not with the surface or the coating. Titanium negatively influenced mRNA expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor at 24h (p=0.026 uncoated, p=0.009 with serum). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that: a) single bacterial species (T. forsythia) can adhere more readily to titanium SLA than to dentin, b) low expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor may influence the virulence of the species on titanium SLA surfaces in comparison with teeth, and c) surface properties (e.g. material and/or protein layers) do not appear to significantly influence multi-species adhesion.
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