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Li J, Sakisaka Y, Nemoto E, Maruyama K, Suzuki S, Xiong K, Tada H, Tenkumo T, Yamada S. Cementocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:2236-2246. [PMID: 39347082 PMCID: PMC11437308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Cementum shares many properties with bone; however, in contrast to bone, it is not innervated or vascularized and has a limited capacity for remodeling. Osteocytes located in the lacunae-canalicular system of bone tissue play a central role in bone remodeling by communicating with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although cementocytes are present in cellular cementum and are morphologically similar to osteocytes, it remains unclear whether they are involved in the dynamic functional regulation of metabolism in cementum. The present study focused on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cementocytes and examined their effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Materials and methods EVs were extracted from the mouse cementocyte cell line, IDG-CM6. The effects of EVs on recombinant RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and recombinant Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-mediated osteoblastogenesis were investigated using the mouse osteoclast progenitor cell line, RAW264.7 and mouse pre-osteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1, respectively. Results EVs enhanced the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity-positive cells. Real-time PCR revealed that EVs up-regulated the expression of osteoclast-related genes. On the other hand, the cell culture supernatant of cementocytes significantly inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts. Regarding osteoblastogenesis, EVs suppressed the expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin induced by recombinant BMP-2 at the gene and protein levels. Conclusion A network of cementocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts may exist in cellular cementum, which suggests the involvement of cementocytes in dynamic metabolism of cementum through EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sakisaka
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Maruyama
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaixin Xiong
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Division of Oral Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taichi Tenkumo
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Xie L, Ren X, Yang Z, Zhou T, Zhang M, An W, Guan Z. Exosomal circ_0000722 derived from periodontal ligament stem cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation promotes osteoclastogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111520. [PMID: 38199194 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are considered promising stem cells for regeneration of periodontal bony tissue, can also manipulate alveolar bone remodeling by exosomes. In this study, we investigated interactions between PDLSCs under osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast precursors. The results showed that conditioned medium from PDLSCs under 5d osteogenic induction promoted osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. The exosomes extracted from those conditioned media showed similar effects on osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, exosomes from PDLSCs under 5d of osteogenic induction showed significantly high expression of circ_0000722, compared with exosomes from PDLSCs before osteogenic induction. Downregulation of circ_0000722 significantly attenuated the effect of PDLSC-derived exosomes on the osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. Our findings suggested that exosomal circ_0000722 derived from periodontal ligament stem cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation might promote osteoclastogenesis by upregulating TRAF6 expression and activating downstream NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral Implantology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- Biomedical Research Center, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the First Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Xiong N, An JS, Yoon H, Ryoo HM, Lim WH. Runx2 heterozygosity alters homeostasis of the periodontal complex. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:151-161. [PMID: 37882070 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Haploinsufficiency of Runx2 (Runx2+/- ) causes dental anomalies. However, little is known about the involvement of Runx2 in the maintenance of dentin, cementum, and the periodontal ligament (PDL) during adulthood. This study aimed to observe the effects of Runx2+/- on homeostasis of the periodontal complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 three-month-old Runx2+/- mice and their wild-type littermates were examined using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Phenotypic alterations in the dentin, cementum, and PDL were characterized and quantified. RESULTS Haploinsufficiency of Runx2 caused cellular changes in the PDL space including reduction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and irregular attachment of the collagen fibers in the PDL space into the cementum. Absence of continuous thickness of cementum was also observed in Runx2+/- mice. CONCLUSION Runx2 is critical for cementum integrity and attachment of periodontal fibers. Because of its importance to cementum homeostasis, Runx2 is essential for homeostasis of periodontal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sub An
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heein Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hee Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Chavez MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Andras NL, Foster BL. Functional defects in cementoblasts with disrupted bone sialoprotein functional domains, in vitro. Bone 2024; 179:116961. [PMID: 37951522 PMCID: PMC10841848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM) protein present in bone and cementum. Global in vivo ablation of BSP leads to bone mineralization defects, lack of acellular cementum, and periodontal breakdown. BSP harbors three main functional domains: N-terminal collagen-binding domain, hydroxyapatite-nucleating domain, and C-terminal RGD integrin-binding signaling domain. How each of these domains contributes to BSP function(s) is not understood. We hypothesized that collagen-binding and RGD domains play distinct roles in cementoblast functions. Three CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited cell lines were derived from control wild-type (WT) OCCM.30 murine immortalized cementoblasts: 1) deletion of the N-terminus of BSP after signal peptide, including entire collagen binding domain (Ibsp∆N-Term); 2) deletion of exon 4 (majority of collagen-binding domain; Ibsp∆Ex4); and 3) deletion of C-terminus of BSP including the integrin binding RGD domain (Ibsp∆C-Term). Compared to WT, Ibsp∆Ex4 and Ibsp∆C-Term cell lines showed reduced BSP secretion, in vitro. Abnormal cell morphology was observed in all mutant cell lines, with Ibsp∆C-Term showing highly disorganized cytoskeleton. All mutant cell lines showed significantly lower cell proliferation compared to WT at all timepoints. Ibsp∆N-Term cells showed reduced cell migration by 24 h. All mutants exhibited over 50 % significant reduced mineralization at days 6 and 10. While WT cells were largely unaffected by seeding density, mutant cells failed to mineralize at lower cell density. Mutant cell lines diverged from WT and from each other by dysregulated expression in 23 genes involved in mineralization, ECM, and cell signaling. In summary, disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, especially dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization, in a way did not align with a straightforward narrative where each functional domain caused specific, expected differences. Instead, the study uncovered a significant level of complexity in how different mutant forms of BSP affected cell functions, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L Andras
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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5
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Nishimura S, Kariya H, Gakiya Y, Shinohara R, Nakamura Y, Mizoguchi T, Ohashi A, Motoyoshi M, Ninomiya T. LRP1-deficient leptin receptor-positive cells in periodontal ligament tissue reduce alveolar bone mass by inhibiting bone formation. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 158:105853. [PMID: 38041876 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin receptor-positive (LepR+) periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a crucial role in osteogenesis during tooth socket healing and orthodontic tooth movement; however, the factors regulating osteoblast differentiation remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the function of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in alveolar bone formation by examining conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking LRP1 in LepR+ cells. DESIGN Bone mass and formation were examined via bone morphometric analysis. Bone formation and resorption activities were determined via histochemical staining. Additionally, PDL cells collected from molars were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with the addition of BMP2 and to mineralize with the addition of osteogenic medium. Osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells was examined by measuring the expression of osteoblast markers. RESULTS Bone morphometry analysis revealed decreased mineral apposition rate and alveolar bone mass in cKO mice. Additionally, cKO mice showed a decreased number of osterix-positive cells in the PDL. cKO mice had a large number of osteoclasts around the alveolar bone near the root apex and mesial surface of the tooth. In the PDL cells from cKO mice, inhibition of mineralized matrix formation and decreased expression of alkaline phosphatase, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin were observed even when BMP2 was added to the medium. BMP2, BMP4, and osteoprotegerin expression also decreased, but RANKL expression increased dominantly. CONCLUSION LRP1 in LepR+ cells promotes bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Our findings can contribute to clinical research on bone diseases and help elucidate bone metabolism in the periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirabe Nishimura
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kariya
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Yu Gakiya
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Rie Shinohara
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 0061, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan.
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6
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Mohsen ROM, Hassan R. A comparative study of the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus insulin on mandibular dento-alveolar complex collagen formation and beta-catenin expression in experimentally induced type I diabetes. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:668-677. [PMID: 37817792 PMCID: PMC10562111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess and compare the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus insulin on mandibular dento-alveolar complex collagen formation and beta-catenin (β-catenin) expression in experimentally induced type I diabetes in albino rat. Design Twenty-eight male albino rats were equally divided as follows; Group I: was composed of rats which received no drug. The remaining rats were administrated a single streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal injection. After affirmation of diabetes induction, the rats were divided into: Group II: Diabetic rats were given no treatment. Group III: Diabetic rats received a single BM-MSCs intravenous injection (1x106 cells). Group IV: Diabetic rats were given a daily insulin subcutaneous injection (5 IU/kg). After 28 days, mandibles were processed and stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome and anti-β-catenin antibody. A statistical analysis was performed to measure positive area% of Masson's trichrome and β-catenin. Results Dento-alveolar complex tissues and cells of Group II showed destructive changes histologically, while Groups III and IV demonstrated improved histological features. Group II presented almost old collagen in all dento-alveolar complex tissues, and nearly negative β-catenin expression. Groups III and IV revealed a newly formed collagen intermingled with very few areas of old collagen, and both groups showed positive β-catenin immunoreactivity. Statistically, Groups III and IV represented the highest mean values of Masson's trichrome area% and β-catenin area%, while Group II reported the lowest mean. Conclusions Streptozotocin has a destructive effect on the dento-alveolar complex structure and function. BM-MSCs and insulin show regenerative capacity in STZ-affected periodontal tissues, and statistically, they increase collagen formation and β-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabab Hassan
- Associate professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Turkkahraman H, Flanagan S, Zhu T, Bellido TM, Yuan X. The LRP5 high-bone-mass mutation causes alveolar bone accrual with minor craniofacial alteration. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:723-732. [PMID: 37128744 PMCID: PMC10330384 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) cause various bone diseases. Several mouse models were generated to study the role of LRP5 in bone development. But most of the studies were confined to the appendicular skeleton. The role of LRP5 in the axial skeleton, especially in the craniofacial skeleton, is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the craniofacial phenotype with the LRP5G171V mutation. METHODS To understand how LRP5 affects craniofacial bone properties, we analyzed LRP5 high-bone-mass mutant mice carrying the G171V missense mutation (LRP5HBM ). Quantitative microcomputed tomographic imaging and histomorphometric analyses were used to study craniofacial phenotypes and bone density. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo fluorochrome labeling were used to study molecular mechanisms. RESULTS LRP5HBM mice showed overall minor changes in the craniofacial bone development but with increased bone mass in the interradicular alveolar bone, edentulous ridge, palatine bone, and premaxillary suture. Elevated osteocyte density was observed in LRP5HBM mice, along with increased Runx2 expression and unmineralized bone surrounding osteocytes. Meanwhile, LRP5HBM mice exhibited increased osteoprogenitors, but no significant changes were observed in osteoclasts. This led to a high-bone-mass phenotype, and an increased osteocyte density in the alveolar bone and edentulous ridge. CONCLUSION LRP5HBM mice display increased bone mass in the alveolar bone with minor changes in the craniofacial morphology. Collectively, these data elucidated the important role of LRP5 in axial bone development and homeostasis and provided clues into the therapeutical potential of LRP5 signaling in treating alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Turkkahraman
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannan Flanagan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tianli Zhu
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresita M. Bellido
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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Cuevas PL, Aellos F, Dawid IM, Helms JA. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Craniomaxillofacial Osteocytes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:228-240. [PMID: 36807035 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a growing appreciation within the scientific community that cells exhibit regional variation. Whether the variation is attributable to differences in embryonic origin or anatomical location and mechanical loading has not been elucidated; what is clear, however, is that adult cells carry positional information that ultimately affects their functions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the functions of osteocytes in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton as opposed to elsewhere in the body, and in doing so gain mechanistic insights into genetic conditions and chemically-induced diseases that particularly affect this region of our anatomy. RECENT FINDINGS In the CMF skeleton, elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects not only bone mass and volume, but also mineralization of the canalicular network and osteocyte lacunae. Aberrant elevation in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can also produce micropetrosis and osteonecrosis of CMF bone, presumably due to a disruption in the signaling network that connects osteocytes to one another, and to osteoblasts on the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Cuevas
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fabiana Aellos
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Isaiah M Dawid
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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Wang J, Yang H, Ma X, Liu J, Li L, Chen L, Wei F. LRP6/filamentous-actin signaling facilitates osteogenic commitment in mechanically induced periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:7. [PMID: 36694134 PMCID: PMC9872397 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanotransduction mechanisms whereby periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) translate mechanical stress into biochemical signals and thereby trigger osteogenic programs necessary for alveolar bone remodeling are being deciphered. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt transmembrane receptor, has been qualified as a key monitor for mechanical cues. However, the role of LRP6 in the mechanotransduction of mechanically induced PDLSCs remains obscure. METHODS The Tension System and tooth movement model were established to determine the expression profile of LRP6. The loss-of-function assay was used to investigate the role of LRP6 on force-regulated osteogenic commitment in PDLSCs. The ability of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. Crystalline violet staining was used to visualize cell morphological change. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining were adopted to affirm filamentous actin (F-actin) alteration. YAP nucleoplasmic localization was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. YAP transcriptional response was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cytochalasin D was used to determine the effects of F-actin on osteogenic commitment and YAP switch behavior in mechanically induced PDLSCs. RESULTS LRP6 was robustly activated in mechanically induced PDLSCs and PDL tissues. LRP6 deficiency impeded force-dependent osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in PDLSCs. Intriguingly, LRP6 loss caused cell morphological aberration, F-actin dynamics disruption, YAP nucleoplasmic relocation, and subsequent YAP inactivation. Moreover, disrupted F-actin dynamics inhibited osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, YAP nuclear translocation, and YAP activation in mechanically induced PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS We identified that LRP6 in PDLSCs acted as the mechanosensor regulating mechanical stress-inducible osteogenic commitment via the F-actin/YAP cascade. Targeting LRP6 for controlling alveolar bone remodeling may be a prospective therapy to attenuate relapse of orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Huiqi Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Xiaobei Ma
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Jiani Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Lan Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Fulan Wei
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
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10
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Yu K, Jiang Z, Miao X, Yu Z, Du X, Lai K, Wang Y, Yang G. circRNA422 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during early osseointegration through the SP7/LRP5 axis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3226-3240. [PMID: 35642253 PMCID: PMC9552913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in biological activities, especially in regulating osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, no studies have reported the role of circRNAs in early osseointegration. Here we identified a new circRNA, circRNA422, from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured on sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched titanium surfaces. The results showed that circRNA422 significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs with increased expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, the SP7 transcription factor (SP7/osterix), and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Silencing of circRNA422 had opposite effects. There were two SP7 binding sites on the LRP5 promoter, indicating a direct regulatory relationship between SP7 and LRP5. circRNA422 could regulate early osseointegration in in vivo experiments. These findings revealed an important function of circRNA422 during early osseointegration. Therefore, circRNA422 may be a potential therapeutic target for enhancing implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Miao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xue Du
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Kaichen Lai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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11
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Antibacterial Adhesion Strategy for Dental Titanium Implant Surfaces: From Mechanisms to Application. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040169. [PMID: 36278638 PMCID: PMC9589972 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are widely used to restore missing teeth because of their stability and comfort characteristics. Peri-implant infection may lead to implant failure and other profound consequences. It is believed that peri-implantitis is closely related to the formation of biofilms, which are difficult to remove once formed. Therefore, endowing titanium implants with anti-adhesion properties is an effective method to prevent peri-implant infection. Moreover, anti-adhesion strategies for titanium implant surfaces are critical steps for resisting bacterial adherence. This article reviews the process of bacterial adhesion, the material properties that may affect the process, and the anti-adhesion strategies that have been proven effective and promising in practice. This article intends to be a reference for further improvement of the antibacterial adhesion strategy in clinical application and for related research on titanium implant surfaces.
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12
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Andras NL, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Foster BL. Between a rock and a hard place: Regulation of mineralization in the periodontium. Genesis 2022; 60:e23474. [PMID: 35460154 PMCID: PMC9492628 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In between these tissues, lies an unmineralized, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), which distributes occlusal forces, nourishes and invests teeth, and harbors progenitor cells for dentoalveolar repair. Many unanswered questions remain regarding periodontal biology. This review will focus on recent research providing insights into one enduring mystery: the precise regulation of the hard-soft tissue borders in the periodontium which define the interfaces of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone structure. We will focus on advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unmineralized PDL "between a rock and a hard place" by regulating the mineralization of cementum and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Andras
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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13
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Nam YS, Yang DW, Moon JS, Kang JH, Cho JH, Kim OS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim YJ, Kim SH. Sclerostin in Periodontal Ligament: Homeostatic Regulator in Biophysical Force-Induced Tooth Movement. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:932-944. [PMID: 35373367 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study elucidates the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BFTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR for detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analyzed via micro-computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in mouse bone marrow-derived cells. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces. RESULTS In the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was upregulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Sung Nam
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Fraser D, Caton J, Benoit DSW. Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration: Insights for Engineering New Therapeutic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.815810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the tooth supporting periodontal tissues. The few therapies available to regenerate periodontal tissues have high costs and inherent limitations, inspiring the development of new approaches. Studies have shown that periodontal tissues have an inherent capacity for regeneration, driven by multipotent cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the mechanisms driving periodontal wound healing and regeneration that can inform the development of new treatment approaches. The biologic basis underlying established therapies such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and growth factor delivery are reviewed, along with examples of biomaterials that have been engineered to improve the effectiveness of these approaches. Emerging therapies such as those targeting Wnt signaling, periodontal cell delivery or recruitment, and tissue engineered scaffolds are described in the context of periodontal wound healing, using key in vivo studies to illustrate the impact these approaches can have on the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL. Finally, design principles for engineering new therapies are suggested which build on current knowledge of periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
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15
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González-Quintanilla D, Abásolo N, Astudillo P. Wnt Signaling in Periodontal Disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.763308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and chronic condition associated with the formation of a dysbiotic biofilm, leading to a pro-inflammatory environment that can modulate cell signaling. The Wnt pathway plays fundamental roles during homeostasis and disease, and emerging evidence suggests its involvement in the maintenance of the periodontium and the development of periodontitis. Here, we summarize the role of the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in periodontitis. The accumulated data suggests specific roles for each branch of the Wnt pathway. Wnt5a emerges as a critical player promoting periodontal ligament remodeling and impairing regenerative responses modulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as alveolar bone formation. Collectively, the evidence suggests that achieving a proper balance between the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical pathways, rather than their independent modulation, might contribute to controlling the progression and severity of the periodontal disease.
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Abstract
The ultimate goal in periodontal therapy is the complete re-establishment of the lost tissues. Dental researchers and clinicians are continuously working to develop current therapeutic techniques and technologies that can regenerate damaged periodontal tissues. Predicting the outcome of the treatment is a challenging endeavor, because a variety of local and systemic variables can affect the success of the applied regenerative therapy. To real-time monitor the biological changes during periodontitis or after periodontal treatment, various biomarkers have been studied in periodontology. This article discusses the available evidence on the use of biomarkers in the detection of periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Chen D, Kim S, Lee S, Lee JM, Choi YJ, Shin SJ, Jung HS, Kim E. The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Endod 2021; 47:1767-1774. [PMID: 34492230 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Appropriate occlusal forces can prevent ankylosis after tooth replantation or transplantation. However, the "proper occlusal forces" on periodontal ligament (PDL) healing have not yet been defined due to insufficient in vitro studies and uncertain in vitro models. Herein, we presented a mechanical vibration device as an in vitro model to determine such favorable occlusal forces. METHODS Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were exposed to mechanical vibration force with 4 frequencies (30, 90, 150, and 210 rpm). Cell viability and the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins were tested in vitro. The calvarial transplantation experiment was performed to assess the bone formation ability of 150 rpm mechanical vibration stimulation (MVS). RESULTS MVS at 150 and 210 rpm significantly reduced cell viability in the early stages. The 150-rpm MVS decreased osteogenic marker expression at the early time point (3 days) but had no harmful effects at the late time point (14 days). Furthermore, hPDLSC cell sheets treated with 150-rpm MVS had potential to decrease bone formation in rat calvarial defects serendipitously and facilitated functional PDL-like tissue formation. CONCLUSIONS We found that MVS at a frequency of 150 rpm could provide a strategy for a transient reduction in the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs and promote PDL-like tissue formation. Thus, 150-rpm MVS could be used as a controllable proper occlusal force to prevent ankylosis and promote PDL healing after tooth replantation or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Chen
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeon HH, Teixeira H, Tsai A. Mechanistic Insight into Orthodontic Tooth Movement Based on Animal Studies: A Critical Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081733. [PMID: 33923725 PMCID: PMC8072633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly regulated process that coordinates bone resorption by osteoclasts and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Mechanisms involved in OTM include mechano-sensing, sterile inflammation-mediated osteoclastogenesis on the compression side and tensile force-induced osteogenesis on the tension side. Several intracellular signaling pathways and mechanosensors including the cilia and ion channels transduce mechanical force into biochemical signals that stimulate formation of osteoclasts or osteoblasts. To date, many studies were performed in vitro or using human gingival crevicular fluid samples. Thus, the use of transgenic animals is very helpful in examining a cause and effect relationship. Key cell types that participate in mediating the response to OTM include periodontal ligament fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Intercellular signals that stimulate cellular processes needed for orthodontic tooth movement include receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), sclerostin, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In this review, we critically summarize the current OTM studies using transgenic animal models in order to provide mechanistic insight into the cellular events and the molecular regulation of OTM.
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Holland R, Bain C, Alrasheed RS, Robling AG, Utreja A. The effect of overexpression of Lrp5 on orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:430-437. [PMID: 33326696 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of gain-of-function mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A split-mouth study design was utilized. Thirty-two male Lrp5-high bone mass (HBM) knock-in mice including A214V and G171V mutants (n = 16/group) and sixteen C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of OTM was used for mesial movement of the maxillary first molar using a closed-coil nickel titanium (NiTi) spring attached between the molar and the incisors. After 21 days, the dissected maxillae were scanned for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses and embedded in methyl methacrylate and paraffin for histological staining and imaging. Histological analyses included immunohistochemistry for sclerostin (Sost), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining for osteoclasts and fluorescent imaging. RESULTS OTM in the A214V and G171V groups was significantly less than the WT group. Bone volume (BV), per cent bone volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were significantly increased in both A241V and G171V animals compared to the WT animals. On the compression side, decreased osteoclast activity was seen in both A214V and G171V groups compared to the WT group. Fluorescent labelling demonstrated that the pattern of bone deposition in the A214V animals was periosteal whereas the G171V animals added bone endocortically. CONCLUSION Gain-of-function mutations of Lrp5 decrease orthodontic tooth movement by increasing alveolar bone mass and reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Holland
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carol Bain
- Histotechnology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Achint Utreja
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Section of Orthodontics, Department of Growth, Development and Structure, Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, Alton, IL, USA
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20
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Wnt signaling: An attractive target for periodontitis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110935. [PMID: 33227711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, and a leading cause of tooth loss. Characterized by resorption of alveolar process and destruction of periodontal ligaments, periodontitis can impact not only periodontal tissues but also systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory infections. Currently, it is a hotspot to manage destruction and gain regeneration of periodontal tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling plays an important role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues, functions of periodontal derived cells, and progression of periodontitis. Its molecule expressions were abnormal in periodontitis. As such, modulators targeting the Wnt signaling may be an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis treatment. This review elucidates the role of Wnt signaling and its molecules, with a view to develop a potential application of drugs targeting the Wnt signaling for periodontitis treatment.
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The expression and regulation of Wnt1 in tooth movement-initiated mechanotransduction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e151-e160. [PMID: 33139146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Wnt signaling pathway acts as a key regulator of skeletal development and its homeostasis. However, the potential role of Wnt1 in the mechanotransduction machinery of orthodontic tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling is still unclear. Hence, this study focused on the regulatory dynamics of the Wnt1 expression in both the periodontal ligament (PDL) and osteocytes in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The Wnt1 expression in the orthodontically moved maxillary first molar in mice was assessed at 0, 1, and 5 days, on both the compression and tension sides. Primary isolated human PDL (hPDL) fibroblasts, as well as murine long-bone osteocyte-Y4 (MLO-Y4) cells, were exposed to continuous compressive force and static tensile force. RESULTS The relative quantification of immunodetection showed that orthodontic tooth movement significantly stimulated the Wnt1 expression in both the PDL and alveolar osteocytes on the tension side on day 5, whereas the expression on the compression side did not change. This increase in the Wnt1 expression, shown in vivo, was also noted after the application of 12% static tensile force in isolated hPDL fibroblasts and 20% in MLO-Y4 cells. In contrast, a compressive force led to the attenuation of the Wnt1 gene expression in both hPDL fibroblasts and MLO-Y4 cells in a force-dependent manner. In the osteocyte-PDL coculture system, recombinant sclerostin attenuated Wnt1 in PDL, whereas the antisclerostin antibody upregulated its gene expression, indicating that mechanically-driven Wnt1 signaling in PDL might be regulated by osteocytic sclerostin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide that Wnt1 signaling plays a vital role in tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling via innovative mechanotransduction approaches.
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Saito MT, Mofatto LS, Albiero ML, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Nociti Junior FH, SilvÉrio KG. Transcriptome profile of highly osteoblastic/cementoblastic periodontal ligament cell clones. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200242. [PMID: 33111882 PMCID: PMC9648949 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous cell populations of osteo/cementoblastic (O/C) or fibroblastic phenotypes constitute the periodontal dental ligament (PDL). A better understanding of these PDL cell subpopulations is essential to propose regenerative approaches based on a sound biological rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Taketomi Saito
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saude, Departmento de Saúde Pública, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Luciana Souto Mofatto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Genônica e Expressão, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Mayra Laino Albiero
- Universidade de Sorocaba, (UNISO), Departmento de Periodontia, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Márcio Zafallon Casati
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Divisão de Periodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Divisão de Periodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Divisão de Periodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Karina Gonzales SilvÉrio
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Divisão de Periodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Turkkahraman H, Yuan X, Salmon B, Chen CH, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Root resorption and ensuing cementum repair by Wnt/β-catenin dependent mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bullock WA, Pavalko FM, Robling AG. Osteocytes and mechanical loading: The Wnt connection. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:175-179. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A. Bullock
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Frederick M. Pavalko
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana
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Wu Y, Yuan X, Perez KC, Hyman S, Wang L, Pellegrini G, Salmon B, Bellido T, Helms JA. Aberrantly elevated Wnt signaling is responsible for cementum overgrowth and dental ankylosis. Bone 2019; 122:176-183. [PMID: 30408613 PMCID: PMC6559382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate teeth are attached to the jawbones using a variety of methods but in mammals, a fibrous connection is the norm. This fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL) allows teeth to move in the jawbones in response to natural eruptive forces, mastication, and orthodontic tooth movement. In some disease states the PDL either calcifies or is replaced by a mineralized tissue and the result is ankylosis, where the tooth is fused to the alveolar bone. To understand how the PDL maintains this fibrous state, we examined a strain of mice in which tooth movement is arrested. DaβcatOt mice express a stabilized form of β-catenin in DMP1-positive alveolar bone osteocytes and cementocytes, which results in elevated Wnt signaling throughout the periodontium. As a consequence, there is an accrual of massive amounts of cellular cementum and alveolar bone, the PDL itself calcifies and teeth become ankylosed. These data suggest that to maintain its fibrous nature, Wnt signaling must normally be repressed in the PDL space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing 401147, China; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy C Perez
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sydnee Hyman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liao Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gretel Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496 - Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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LeBlanc ARH, Brink KS, Whitney MR, Abdala F, Reisz RR. Dental ontogeny in extinct synapsids reveals a complex evolutionary history of the mammalian tooth attachment system. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181792. [PMID: 30404877 PMCID: PMC6235047 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian dentition is uniquely characterized by a combination of precise occlusion, permanent adult teeth and a unique tooth attachment system. Unlike the ankylosed teeth in most reptiles, mammal teeth are supported by a ligamentous tissue that suspends each tooth in its socket, providing flexible and compliant tooth attachment that prolongs the life of each tooth and maintains occlusal relationships. Here we investigate dental ontogeny through histological examination of a wide range of extinct synapsid lineages to assess whether the ligamentous tooth attachment system is unique to mammals and to determine how it evolved. This study shows for the first time that the ligamentous tooth attachment system is not unique to crown mammals within Synapsida, having arisen in several non-mammalian therapsid clades as a result of neoteny and progenesis in dental ontogeny. Mammalian tooth attachment is here re-interpreted as a paedomorphic condition relative to the ancestral synapsid form of tooth attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R H LeBlanc
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Kirstin S Brink
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan R Whitney
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fernando Abdala
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Conicet, Tucumán, Argentina
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence: Palaeosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert R Reisz
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- DERC, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu Z, Lu Y, Feng W, Yang J, Gao S, Song L, Wang Y, Wang B. Synthesis and Properties of PGS-Li Scaffold. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Singh A, Gill G, Kaur H, Amhmed M, Jakhu H. Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:18. [PMID: 29938297 PMCID: PMC6015792 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, most of the known and postulated mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and its role in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement are discussed based on available literature. OPN, a multifunctional protein, is considered crucial for bone remodeling, biomineralization, and periodontal remodeling during mechanical tension and stress (orthodontic tooth movement). It contributes to bone remodeling by promoting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity through CD44- and αvβ3-mediated cell signaling. Further, it has a definitive role in bone remodeling by the formation of podosomes, osteoclast survival, and osteoclast motility. OPN has been shown to have a regulatory effect on hydroxyapatite crystal (HAP) growth and potently inhibits the mineralization of osteoblast cultures in a phosphate-dependent manner. Bone remodeling is vital for orthodontic tooth movement. Significant compressive and tensional forces on the periodontium induce the signaling pathways mediated by various osteogenic genes including OPN, bone sialoprotein, Osterix, and osteocalcin. The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of OPN and its effect on the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement are further discussed in this review. A limited number of studies have suggested the use of OPN as a biomarker to assess orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPN coding gene Spp1 with orthodontically induced root resorption remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, future research directions for OPN are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjot Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gurveen Gill
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Amhmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harpal Jakhu
- Department of Endodontics, Government Dental College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Sandalwood Smiles, Private Dental Practice, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
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LeBlanc ARH, Lamoureux DO, Caldwell MW. Mosasaurs and snakes have a periodontal ligament: timing and extent of calcification, not tissue complexity, determines tooth attachment mode in reptiles. J Anat 2017; 231:869-885. [PMID: 28901023 PMCID: PMC5696141 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamates present a unique challenge to our understanding of dental evolution in amniotes because they are the only extant tooth-bearing group for which a ligamentous tooth attachment is considered to be absent. This has led to the assumption that mammals and crocodilians have convergently evolved a ligamentous tooth attachment, composed of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, whereas squamates are thought to possess a single bone of attachment tissue that fuses teeth to the jaws. The identity and homology of tooth attachment tissues between squamates, crocodilians, and mammals have thus been a focal point of debate for decades. We provide a novel interpretation of the mineralized attachment tissues in two focal taxa in this debate, mosasaurids and snakes, and compare dental tissue histology with that of the extant crocodilian Caiman sclerops. We identify a periodontal ligament in these squamates that usually exists temporarily as a soft connective tissue anchoring each tooth to the alveolar bone. We also identify two instances where complete calcification of the periodontal ligament does not occur: in a durophagous mosasaur, and in the hinged teeth of fossil and modern snakes. We propose that the periodontal ligament rapidly calcifies in the majority of mosasaurids and snakes, ankylosing the tooth to the jaw. This gives the appearance of a single, bone-like tissue fusing the tooth to the jaw in ankylosed teeth, but is simply the end stage of dental tissue ontogeny in most snakes and mosasaurids.
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Luan X, Zhou X, Trombetta-eSilva J, Francis M, Gaharwar A, Atsawasuwan P, Diekwisch T. MicroRNAs and Periodontal Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:491-500. [PMID: 28068481 PMCID: PMC5453493 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516685711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small RNAs that control gene expression in all aspects of eukaryotic life, primarily through RNA silencing mechanisms. The purpose of the present review is to introduce key miRNAs involved in periodontal homeostasis, summarize the mechanisms by which they affect downstream genes and tissues, and provide an introduction into the therapeutic potential of periodontal miRNAs. In general, miRNAs function synergistically to fine-tune the regulation of biological processes and to remove expression noise rather than by causing drastic changes in expression levels. In the periodontium, miRNAs play key roles in development and periodontal homeostasis and during the loss of periodontal tissue integrity as a result of periodontal disease. As part of the anabolic phase of periodontal homeostasis and periodontal development, miRNAs direct periodontal fibroblasts toward alveolar bone lineage differentiation and new bone formation through WNT, bone morphogenetic protein, and Notch signaling pathways. miRNAs contribute equally to the catabolic aspect of periodontal homeostasis as they affect osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function, either by directly promoting osteoclast activity or by inhibiting osteoclast signaling intermediaries or through negative feedback loops. Their small size and ability to target multiple regulatory networks of related sets of genes have predisposed miRNAs to become ideal candidates for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. To address the immense therapeutic potential of miRNAs and their antagomirs, an ever growing number of delivery approaches toward clinical applications have been developed, including nanoparticle carriers and secondary structure interference inhibitor systems. However, only a fraction of the miRNAs involved in periodontal health and disease are known today. It is anticipated that continued research will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the periodontal miRNA world, and a systematic effort toward harnessing the enormous therapeutic potential of these small molecules will greatly benefit the future of periodontal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Luan
- Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X. Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. Trombetta-eSilva
- Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M. Francis
- Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A.K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - P. Atsawasuwan
- Department of Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T.G.H. Diekwisch
- Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, Dallas, TX, USA
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Huang L, Salmon B, Yin X, Helms JA. From restoration to regeneration: periodontal aging and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Periodontol 2000 2016; 72:19-29. [PMID: 27501489 PMCID: PMC6190904 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the march of time our bodies start to wear out: eyesight fades, skin loses its elasticity, teeth and bones become more brittle and injuries heal more slowly. These universal features of aging can be traced back to our stem cells. Aging has a profound effect on stem cells: DNA mutations naturally accumulate over time and our bodies have evolved highly specialized mechanisms to remove these damaged cells. Whilst obviously beneficial, this repair mechanism also reduces the pool of available stem cells and this, in turn, has a dramatic effect on tissue homeostasis and on our rate of healing. Simply put: fewer stem cells means a decline in tissue function and slower healing. Despite this seemingly intractable situation, research over the past decade now demonstrates that some of the effects of aging are reversible. Nobel prize-winning research demonstrates that old cells can become young again, and lessons learned from these experiments-in-a-dish are now being translated into human therapies. Scientists and clinicians around the world are identifying and characterizing methods to activate stem cells to reinvigorate the body's natural regenerative process. If this research in dental regenerative medicine pans out, the end result will be tissue homeostasis and healing back to the levels we appreciated when we were young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Dental School, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cite, EA 2496, Montrouge, France and AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France
| | - Xing Yin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Perlitsh MJ. Letters to the Editor: Re: The Literature That Shaped Modern Periodontology. J Periodontol 2016; 87:849-51. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wnt5a mediated canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation in orthodontic tooth movement: possible role in the tension force-induced bone formation. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:455-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Herencia C, Diaz-Tocados JM, Jurado L, Montes de Oca A, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Martín-Alonso C, Martínez-Moreno JM, Vergara N, Rodríguez M, Almadén Y, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Procaine Inhibits Osteo/Odontogenesis through Wnt/β-Catenin Inactivation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156788. [PMID: 27257912 PMCID: PMC4892678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a complex pathology characterized by the loss of alveolar bone. The causes and the mechanisms that promote this bone resorption still remain unknown. The knowledge of the critical regulators involved in the alteration of alveolar bone homeostasis is of great importance for developing molecular therapies. Procaine is an anesthetic drug with demethylant properties, mainly used by dentists in oral surgeries. The inhibitor role of Wnt signaling of procaine was described in vitro in colon cancer cells. Methods In this work we evaluated the role of procaine (1 uM) in osteo/odontogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Similarly, the mechanisms whereby procaine achieves these effects were also studied. Results Procaine administration led to a drastic decrease of calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining and an increase in the expression of Matrix Gla Protein. With respect to osteo/odontogenic markers, procaine decreased early and mature osteo/odontogenic markers. In parallel, procaine inhibited canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, observing a loss of nuclear β-catenin, a decrease in Lrp5 and Frizzled 3, a significant increase of sclerostin and Gsk3β and an increase of phosphorylated β-catenin. The combination of osteo/odontogenic stimuli and Lithium Chloride decreased mRNA expression of Gsk3β, recovered by Procaine. Furthermore it was proved that Procaine alone dose dependently increases the expression of Gsk3β and β-catenin phosphorylation. These effects of procaine were also observed on mature osteoblast. Interestingly, at this concentration of procaine no demethylant effects were observed. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that procaine administration drastically reduced the mineralization and osteo/odontogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway through the increase of Gsk3β expression and β-catenin phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Diaz-Tocados
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Jurado
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Addy Montes de Oca
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Martín-Alonso
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julio M. Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noemi Vergara
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mariano Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, (CIBEROBN), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, IMIBIC, REDinREN, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Liu W, Zhao J, Ma X, Shen L, Zhang Y, Jin F, Jin Y. Mechanical stress regulates osteogenic differentiation and RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontal ligament stem cells by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2211-9. [PMID: 27154288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity is critical in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis, and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are tissue-specific MSCs in the periodontal ligament. However, whether PDLSCs are required for periodontal tissue remodeling during OTM is not fully understood. METHODS Here, we used PDGFRα and Nestin to trace PDLSCs during OTM in rats. We treat human PDLSCs with 100kpa static pressure for 1h or 12h in vitro, and examined the phenotypic changes and expression of RANKL and OPG in these cells. RESULTS In vivo, we found that positive signals of PDGFRα and Nestin in the PDL gradually increased and then decreased on the pressure side to which pressure was applied. In vitro, the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was significantly increased after force treatment for 1h relative to 12h. In contrast, the expression ratio of RANKL/OPG was reduced at 1h and significantly increased at 12h. Furthermore, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was dynamically activated in the PDL and in PDLSCs after mechanical stimulation. Importantly, the canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 blocked the osteogenesis effect and rescued the ratio of RANKL/OPG in PDLSCs under force treatment for 1h. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that PDLSCs participate in OTM and that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway maintains bone homeostasis during tooth movement by regulating the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We describe a novel potential mechanism related to tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Zhao
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Jin
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Jin
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Baeza M, Garrido M, Hernández-Ríos P, Dezerega A, García-Sesnich J, Strauss F, Aitken JP, Lesaffre E, Vanbelle S, Gamonal J, Brignardello-Petersen R, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Hernández M. Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:34-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Baeza
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Andrea Dezerega
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jocelyn García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Franz Strauss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Aitken
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Emmanuel Lesaffre
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sophie Vanbelle
- Department of Methodology and Statistics; CAPHRI; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
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Mao L, Liu J, Zhao J, Chang J, Xia L, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin K, Fang B. Effect of micro-nano-hybrid structured hydroxyapatite bioceramics on osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cell via Wnt signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7031-44. [PMID: 26648716 PMCID: PMC4648603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface structure of bioceramic scaffolds is crucial for its bioactivity and osteoinductive ability, and in recent years, human periodontal ligament stem cells have been certified to possess high osteogenic and cementogenic differential ability. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with micro-nano-hybrid surface (mnHA [the hybrid of nanorods and microrods]) were fabricated via hydrothermal reaction of the α-tricalcium phosphate granules as precursors in aqueous solution, and the effects of mnHA on the attachment, proliferation, osteogenic and cementogenic differentiations of human periodontal ligament stem cells as well as the related mechanisms were systematically investigated. The results showed that mnHA bioceramics could promote cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteogenic/cementogenic-related markers including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and cementum protein (CEMP) as compared to the HA bioceramics with flat and dense surface. Moreover, mnHA bioceramics stimulated gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and β-catenin, which are the key genes of canonical Wnt signaling. Moreover, the stimulatory effect on ALP activity and osteogenic and cementogenic gene expression, including that of ALP, OCN, CAP, CEMP, and Runx2 of mnHA bioceramics could be repressed by canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf1 (Dkk1). The results suggested that the HA bioceramics with mnHA could act as promising grafts for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Zhao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Lu J, Duan Y, Zhang M, Wu M, Wang Y. Expression of Wnt3a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and DKK1 in periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:217-23. [PMID: 26414930 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1090011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and DKK1 in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to deliver an initial 50 g mesial force to the left maxillary first molars in 30 rats. The force was kept constant for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days until the animals were sacrificed. The right maxillary molars without force application served as control. Paraffin-embedded sections of the upper jaws were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical analyses to detect Wnt3a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and DKK1 expression in PDL. RESULTS Wnt3a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and DKK1 were expressed on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of PDL in each group. After the application of orthodontic force, the expression of β-catenin and DKK1 was initially increased and then decreased on both sides, with maximal levels of expression at day 7 and day 10, respectively. On the compression side, Wnt3a and Wnt10b levels started to increase at day 5, while on the tension side, these two molecules began to increase at day 1. Furthermore, the expression levels of Wnt3a, Wnt10b, and β-catenin were much stronger on the tension side than on the compression side at any of the observation points, while DKK1 level was much higher on the compression side. CONCLUSION Wnt3a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and DKK1 expression may be related to the periodontal tissue remodeling following the application of an orthodontic force in rats. These observations suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling during OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- a Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150001 , PR China
| | - Yingying Duan
- a Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150001 , PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- a Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150001 , PR China
| | - Mingming Wu
- a Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150001 , PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- a Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150001 , PR China
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Wnt5a Stimulates the Bone Formation in Tension Side during Orthodontic Tooth Movement . ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5466/ijoms.13.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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