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Liao XM, Guan Z, Yang ZJ, Ma LY, Dai YJ, Liang C, Hu JT. Comprehensive analysis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes facilitating osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:647. [PMID: 36575449 PMCID: PMC9795719 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and macrophage polarization in periodontal tissue regeneration and bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been well documented. Nevertheless, the interactions between macrophages and PDLSCs in OTM remain to be investigated. Consequently, the present study was proposed to explore the effect of different polarization states of macrophages on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. METHODS After M0, M1 and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M0-exo, M1-exo and M2-exo) treatment of primary cultured human PDLSCs, respectively, mineralized nodules were observed by Alizarin red S staining, and the expression of ALP and OCN mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, correspondingly. Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNA) in M0-exo and M2-exo by miRNA microarray, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DE-miRNA targets, and construction of protein-protein interaction networks. RESULTS M2-exo augmented mineralized nodule formation and upregulated ALP and OCN expression in PDLSCs, while M0-exo had no significant effect. Compared to M0-exo, a total of 52 DE-miRNAs were identified in M2-exo. The expression of hsa-miR-6507-3p, hsa-miR-4731-3p, hsa-miR-4728-3p, hsa-miR-3614-5p and hsa-miR-6785-3p was significantly down-regulated, and the expression of hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-4800-5p, hsa-miR-4778-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p and hsa-miR-1227-5p was significantly up-regulated in M2-exo compared to M0-exo. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the downstream targets of DE-miRNAs were mainly involved in the differentiation and migration of multiple cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have indicated for the first time that M2-exo can promote osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs, and have revealed the functions and pathways involved in the DE-miRNAs of M0-exo and M2-exo and their downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-min Liao
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China ,grid.414918.1Stomatology Center, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- grid.506988.aBiomedical Research Center, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University/the First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-jin Yang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China
| | - Li-ya Ma
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China
| | - Ying-juan Dai
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China
| | - Cun Liang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China
| | - Jiang-tian Hu
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Stomatology Hospital, Building C, Hecheng International, No. 1088 Middle Haiyuan Road, Kunming, 650106 Yunnan Province China
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Rad MR, Atarbasi-Moghadam F, Khodayari P, Sijanivandi S. Periodontal ligament stem cell isolation protocol: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:537-563. [PMID: 35088677 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220128114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the plethora of literature regarding isolation and characterization of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), due to the existence of controversies in the results, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize and compare the effect of isolation methods on PDLSC properties, including clonogenicity, viability/proliferation, markers expression, cell morphology, differentiation, and regeneration. Moreover, the outcomes of included studies, considering various parameters such as teeth developmental stages, donor age, periodontal ligament health status, and part of the teeth root from which PDLSCs were derived, have been systematically discussed. It has been shown that from included studies PDLSCs can be isolated from teeth from any developmental stages, any health status condition, and any donor age. Also, a non-enzymatic digestion method, named as an explant or outgrowth technique, is a suitable protocol for of PDLSCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazele Atarbasi-Moghadam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Khodayari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soran Sijanivandi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Establishment of Down's syndrome periodontal ligament cells by transfection with SV40T-Ag and hTERT. Hum Cell 2021; 35:379-383. [PMID: 34590290 PMCID: PMC8732922 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Down's syndrome is one of the most common human congenital genetic diseases and affected patients have increased risk of periodontal disease. To examine involvement of the disease with periodontal disease development, we established immortalized periodontal ligament cells obtained from a Down's syndrome patient by use of SV40T-Ag and hTERT gene transfection. Expressions of SV40T-Ag and hTERT were observed in periodontal ligament cell-derived immortalized cells established from healthy (STPDL) and Down's syndrome patient (STPDLDS) samples. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from a healthy subject (pPDL) had a limited number of population doublings (< 40), while STPDL and STPDLDS cells continued to grow with more than 80 population doublings. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from the patient showed a chromosome pattern characteristic of Down's syndrome with trisomy 21, whereas STPDLDS samples showed a large number of abnormal chromosomes in those results. Gene expression analysis revealed that expression of DSCR-1 in STPDLDS is greater than that in STPDL. These results suggest that the newly established STPDLDS cell line may be a useful tool for study of periodontal disease in Down's syndrome patients.
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Xi X, Chen S, Liu D. TRIM16 protects human periodontal ligament stem cells from oxidative stress-induced damage via activation of PICOT. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112336. [PMID: 33091421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that result in severe loss of supporting structures and substantial tooth loss. Oxidative stress is tightly involved in the progression of periodontitis. Tripartite Motif 16 (TRIM16) has been identified as a novel regulatory protein in response to oxidative and proteotoxic stresses. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TRIM16 in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under oxidative stress. First, we found that the expression of TRIM16 decreased after exposure to H2O2. Then TRIM16 overexpression alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). TRIM16 increased cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in hPDLSCs. Furthermore, TRIM16 attenuated H2O2-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, TRIM16 promoted the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-interacting cousin of thioredoxin (PICOT), p-Akt and Nrf2, while knockdown of PICOT reversed TRIM16-mediated ROS resistance and decreased the expression of p-Akt and Nrf2. In conclusion, TRIM16 alleviated oxidative damage in hPDLSCs via the activation of PICOT/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, suggesting that TRIM16 could be a promising target to develop effective therapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, China
| | - Xun Xi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, China.
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Lv PY, Gao PF, Tian GJ, Yang YY, Mo FF, Wang ZH, Sun L, Kuang MJ, Wang YL. Osteocyte-derived exosomes induced by mechanical strain promote human periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via the miR-181b-5p/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:295. [PMID: 32680565 PMCID: PMC7367226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is a complex environment in which periodontal tissue is constantly stimulated by external microorganisms and mechanical forces. Proper mechanical force helps maintain periodontal tissue homeostasis, and improper inflammatory response can break the balance. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play crucial roles in responding to these challenges and maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissue. However, the mechanisms underlying PDL cell property changes induced by inflammatory and mechanical force microenvironments are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that exosomes function as a means of cell-cell and cell-matrix communication in biological processes. METHODS Human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPDLSCs) were tested by the CCK8 assay, EdU, alizarin red, and ALP staining to evaluate the functions of exosomes induced by a mechanical strain. MicroRNA sequencing was used to find the discrepancy miRNA in exosomes. In addition, real-time PCR, FISH, luciferase reporter assay, and western blotting assay were used to investigate the mechanism of miR-181b-5p regulating proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through the PTEN/AKT pathway. RESULTS In this study, the exosomes secreted by MLO-Y4 cells exposed to mechanical strain (Exosome-MS) contributed to HPDLSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. High-throughput miRNA sequencing showed that miR181b-5p was upregulated in Exosome-MS compared to the exosomes derived from MLO-Y4 cells lacking mechanical strain. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-181b-5p may target phosphatase tension homolog deletion (PTEN). In addition, PTEN was negatively regulated by overexpressing miR-181b-5p. Real-time PCR and western blotting assay verified that miR-181b-5p enhanced the protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) activity and improved downstream factor transcription. Furthermore, miR-181b-5p effectively ameliorated the inhibition of HPDLSC proliferation and promoted HPDLSC induced by inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that exosomes induced by mechanical strain promote HPDLSC proliferation via the miR-181b-5p/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and promote HPDLSC osteogenic differentiation by BMP2/Runx2, suggesting a potential mechanism for maintaining periodontal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Lv
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peng-Fei Gao
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Jie Tian
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fei-Fei Mo
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming-Jie Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Yong-Lan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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rhBMP-2 Pre-Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Sheets Regenerate a Mineralized Layer Mimicking Dental Cementum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113767. [PMID: 32466616 PMCID: PMC7312797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal complex consisting of alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligaments (PDL) supports human teeth through the systematic orchestration of mineralized tissues and fibrous tissues. Importantly, cementum, the outermost mineralized layer of dental roots, plays an essential role by bridging the inner ligaments from the dental root to the alveolar bone. When the periodontal complex is damaged, the regeneration of each component of the periodontal complex is necessary; however, it is still challenging to achieve complete functional regeneration. In this study, we tried to control the regeneration of cementum and PDL by using a human PDL stem cell (hPDLSC) sheet engineering technology with the pretreatment of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). Isolated hPDLSCs obtained from extracted human teeth were pretreated with rhBMP-2 for in vitro osteogenic differentiation and grafted on the micro/macro-porous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) blocks, which represent dental roots. The MBCPs with hPDLSC sheets were implanted in the subcutaneous layer of immune-compromised mice, and rhBMP-2 pretreated hPDLSC sheets showed higher mineralization and collagen ligament deposition than the no-pretreatment group. Therefore, the rhBMP-2-hPDLSC sheet technique could be an effective strategy for the synchronized regeneration of two different tissues: mineralized tissue and fibrous tissues in periodontal complexes.
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7
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Han NY, Hong JY, Park JM, Shin C, Lee S, Lee H, Yun JH. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of human periodontal ligament stem cells by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:53-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Han
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Penn State University College of Medicine and Milton Hershey Medical Center; Hershey; PA USA
| | - Saya Lee
- Department of Periodontology; College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gachon College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; Incheon Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology; College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital; Jeonju Korea
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8
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Kim JH, Ko SY, Lee JH, Kim DH, Yun JH. Evaluation of the periodontal regenerative properties of patterned human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:402-415. [PMID: 29333326 PMCID: PMC5764766 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.6.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effects of patterned human periodontal ligament stem cell (hPDLSC) sheets fabricated using a thermoresponsive substratum. Methods In this study, we fabricated patterned hPDLSC sheets using nanotopographical cues to modulate the alignment of the cell sheet. Results The hPDLSCs showed rapid monolayer formation on various surface pattern widths. Compared to cell sheets grown on flat surfaces, there were no significant differences in cell attachment and growth on the nanopatterned substratum. However, the patterned hPDLSC sheets showed higher periodontal ligamentogenesis-related gene expression in early stages than the unpatterned cell sheets. Conclusions This experiment confirmed that patterned cell sheets provide flexibility in designing hPDLSC sheets, and that these stem cell sheets may be candidates for application in periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok-Yeong Ko
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Justin Ho Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Lim HC, Cha BY, Song SU, Yun JH. Harmine promotes periodontal ligament cell-induced tissue regeneration. Oral Dis 2017; 24:456-464. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-C Lim
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
- Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - B-Y Cha
- Research Institute for Biological Functions; CHUBU University; Aichi Japan
| | - SU Song
- Clinical Research Center; School of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Korea
| | - J-H Yun
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital; Jeonju Korea
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Román-Malo L, Bullon P. Influence of the Periodontal Disease, the Most Prevalent Inflammatory Event, in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Linking Nutrition and Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071438. [PMID: 28678155 PMCID: PMC5535929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is considered one of the main pathologic diseases occurring in humans. Its pathologic process involves inflammatory reactions producing periodontal bone resorption and the tooth loss. But some patients do not present an evident clinical inflammation with bone resorption, and in others, the inflammation is prominent without bone resorption. A key question could be to investigate a different way of responding to aggression. Inflammation requires a complex intracellular metabolic process, starting with the harmful recognition and activation of the inflammasome, continues the energy supply with the alteration of oxidative stress conditions, and finishes with the elimination of the aggression with autophagy/apoptosis mechanisms, then concludes with recovery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are essential molecules produced in inflammation, and its genes and its activation have been related to periodontal disease. Also, an important aspect is the influence of PPARs in bone metabolism; the main periodontitis symptom is bone loss and PPARγ activation that can downregulate the bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, PPARγ-coated titanium dental implant surfaces could carry the antiinflammatory gene and restrain inflammation. PPARs could be one of the meeting background points with atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome showing a modified proinflammatory statement such as it is described in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Román-Malo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Pedro Bullon
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
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