1
|
Badr Z, Hamdan M, Han S, Sulaiman T. Effect of surface finish and resin cement on the bond strength to CAD-CAM ceramics for interim resin-bonded prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:458.e1-458.e7. [PMID: 38182455 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Resin-bonded prostheses, including interim resin-bonded prostheses, are effective in preserving tooth structure compared with other types of fixed dental prostheses for the replacement of missing teeth. However, loss of retention remains a notable concern with these types of prostheses. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of glass-ceramic type, resin type, and surface finish on the shear bond strength (SBS) to the CAD-CAM ceramics used to fabricate interim resin-bonded prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty 10×2-mm glass-ceramic disks were fabricated by using a diamond saw (IsoMet 1000), 40 from feldspathic porcelain blocks (Vita Mark II) and 40 from lithium disilicate blocks (IPS e.max CAD). Half of the specimens in each group were left with a dull or matte surface finish after cutting, while the other half were glazed with an add-on glaze (VitaAkzento Plus Glaze Spray and IPS e.max CAD Glaze Spray, respectively). The disks were mounted in acrylic resin, and each group was subdivided into 2, with 1 receiving a photopolymerized resin cement (RelyX Veneer) and the other receiving a flowable composite resin (Filtek Supreme Ultimate Flow) to form 2.38×2-mm cylinders. SBS was determined using a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 29022:2013 standard, and failure modes were analyzed by using a stereomicroscope with ×40 magnification. The data were analyzed with a 3-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analysis. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the failure mode (α=.05 for all tests). RESULTS Ceramic type, resin type, and surface finish significantly impacted SBS (P<.001, P=.003, P<.001, respectively). Lithium disilicate showed higher SBS than feldspathic porcelain, and flowable composite resin exhibited higher SBS than resin cement. Glazed surfaces displayed lower SBS compared with the dull or matte surfaces. The combinations among the 3 materials also impacted SBS (P=.03). In addition, the combinations between ceramic type and surface finish affected SBS (P<.001), regardless of resin cement type. No other combinations affected the SBS (P>.05). The mode of failure was different among the groups (P<.001). In comparison with all other groups, cohesive failures were most prevalent in feldspathic porcelain with a dull or matte surface finish, regardless of the resin type used. CONCLUSIONS The SBS to glass-ceramics was influenced by ceramic material, resin cement type, and surface finish. Flowable composite resin showed higher SBS than resin cement. A dull or matte surface finish exhibited greater bond strength than a glazed surface. Lithium disilicate had higher SBS than feldspathic porcelain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Badr
- Clinical Assistant Professor and Director, Technological Innovation Center, Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Manal Hamdan
- Assistant Professor and Predoctoral Director, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Shengtong Han
- Assistant Professor, Biostatistics, Dean's Office, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Taiseer Sulaiman
- Associate Professor, Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porto TS, Medeiros da Silva IG, de Freitas Vallerini B, Fernando de Goes M. Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part II-Effect on the bond strength. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:770-779. [PMID: 35101273 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Bonding to recently launched polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials has been challenging. Evidence regarding etching strategies for dual-phase CAD-CAM materials is sparse, but adequate bonding is crucial for the clinical success and longevity of a restoration. PURPOSE The purpose of this 2-part in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of surface treatment strategies on the microshear bond strength and work of adhesion of polymer-based and ceramic materials. In addition, chemical elements present on the surface and the interface morphology after using those strategies were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two CAD-CAM polymer and 1 CAD-CAM ceramic materials were selected for this in vitro study. The materials were subjected to different surface treatment strategies, including airborne-particle abrasion and the application of 9% hydrofluoric acid. Specimens were submitted to microshear bond strength before and after thermocycling, and the failure mode was classified. The work of adhesion was calculated based on the water-to-air surface tension of 72.8 mN.m-1 and the Young- Dupré equation. The surfaces were submitted to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the interfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS The highest microshear bond strength means were observed for the polymer-based materials when hydrofluoric acid or airborne-particle abrasion was applied. The 3 materials tested showed a decrease in microshear bond strength after thermocycling, except for applying airborne-particle abrasion to 1 of the polymer-based material tested. The ceramic material tested showed a high microshear bond strength with the application of airborne-particle abrasion and hydrofluoric acid combined. The work of adhesion varied across the materials and presented high means when hydrofluoric acid was used. CONCLUSIONS A combination of airborne-particle abrasion plus hydrofluoric acid should be considered for polymer-based or feldspathic ceramic CAD-CAM materials. In this in vitro study, both etching procedures combined produced higher bonding values for all materials tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Soares Porto
- Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Italo Guimaraes Medeiros da Silva
- Researcher, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bruna de Freitas Vallerini
- PhD Candidate, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Fernando de Goes
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haralur SB, Alqahtani AM, Shiban AS, Alattaf ZM, Chaturvedi S, AlQahtani SM, Alqahtani NM. Influence of different surface treatment on bonding of metal and ceramic Orthodontic Brackets to CAD-CAM all ceramic materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:564. [PMID: 37574557 PMCID: PMC10423419 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing efficient bonding techniques for orthodontic brackets and all-ceramic materials continues to pose a clinical difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strengths (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to various all-ceramic CAD-CAM materials, such as lithium disilicate CAD (LDS-CAD), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (PIC), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic (ZLS), and 5YTZP zirconia after different surface treatments and thermal cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were divided into two groups to be bonded with ceramic and metal lower incisor brackets. Each group was subdivided into a control group devoid of any surface treatment, 10% HF acid (HFA) etching, ceramic etch & prime (MEP), Al2O3 air abrasion, and medium grit diamond bur roughening. After surface treatment, brackets were bonded with composite resin cement, thermal cycled, and tested for shear bond strength. The failed surfaces were evaluated with a digital microscope to analyse the type of failure. The data were statistically analysed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests at p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest mean bond strengths were found with HFA etching in LDS-CAD (13.17 ± 0.26 MPa) and ZLS (12.85 0.52 MPa). Diamond bur recorded the lowest mean bond strength roughening across all the ceramic groups. There were significant differences in mean shear bond values per surface treatment (p < 0.001) and ceramic materials. CONCLUSION Among the surface treatment protocols evaluated, HFA etching and MEP surface treatment resulted in enhanced bond strength of both ceramic and metal brackets to CAD-CAM all ceramic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh B Haralur
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Abdullah Saeed Shiban
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M AlQahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fuchs F, Westerhove SM, Schmohl L, Koenig A, Suharbiansah RSR, Hahnel S, Rauch A. Influence of the Application Time of Silane for the Bonding Performance between Feldspar or Lithium Disilicate Ceramics and Luting Resin Composites. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040231. [PMID: 37103321 PMCID: PMC10143910 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A correct silanization time is essential for successful surface functionalization and sufficient bonding to dental ceramics. The shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate (LDS) and feldspar (FSC) ceramics and luting resin composite was investigated with respect to different silanization times, taking into account the physical properties of the individual surfaces. The SBS test was performed with a universal testing machine, and the fracture surfaces were evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The surface roughness of the prepared specimens was analyzed after etching. Changes in surface properties due to surface functionalization were evaluated by surface free energy (SFE) via contact angle measurement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical binding. The roughness and SBS of the control group (no silane, etched) were higher for FSC than for LDS. Regarding the SFE, the dispersive fraction increased and the polar fraction decreased after silanization. FTIR confirmed the presence of silane on the surfaces. The SBS of LDS showed a significant increase from 5 to 15 s, depending on the silane and luting resin composite. For FSC, cohesive failure was observed for all samples. For LDS specimens, a silane application time of 15 to 60 s is recommended. Based on clinical conditions, no difference between the silanization times was observed for FSC specimens, indicating that etching alone produces sufficient bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Maria Westerhove
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonie Schmohl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fayyazi A, Habibi L, Heidari B, Tavakolizadeh S. Tensile Bond Strength and Retention of Three Types of Ceramic Endocrowns. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2023; 24:34-40. [PMID: 36864996 PMCID: PMC9971610 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2022.92053.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem By development of adhesive dentistry and noble mechanical strength of ceramics, reconstruction of posterior teeth with partial coverage restorations such as ceramic endocrowns is possible. Different ceramics may show different mechanical properties which should be investigated. Purpose The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to compare the tensile bond strength of endocrowns made by CAD-CAM using 3 types of ceramics. Materials and Method In this in vitro study, 30 fresh extracted human molars were prepared to evaluate the tensile bond strength of endocrowns made by IPS e.max CAD, Vita Suprinity, and Vita Enamic blocks (n=10). The specimens were mounted and endodontically treated. Standard preparations were done with 4.5±0.5 mm intracoronal extensions into the pulp chamber and the restorations were designed and milled by CAD-CAM technique. All specimens were cemented with a dual polymerizing resin cement according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were incubated for 24 hours and then thermocycled for 5000 cycles at 5-55°C and underwent the tensile strength test by universal testing machine (UTM). Shapiro-Wilk and one-way ANOVA test were used to statistically analyzed (α= 0.05). Results The highest tensile bond strength values were achieved in IPS e.max CAD (216.39 ±22.67N) and Vita Enamic (216.22±17.72N) followed by Vita Suprinity (211.54±20.01N). There was no significant statistical difference between retention of endocrowns made by CAD-CAM technique among ceramic blocks (p= 0.832). Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, there was no significant difference between retention of endocrowns made by IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Vita Suprinity as ceramic blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fayyazi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Habibi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Heidari
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Tavakolizadeh
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garfias CS, de Goes MF. Acid dissolution of ultrathin glass-ceramic and its correlation with flexural strength. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:1084.e1-1084.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
7
|
Martins JD, Moura DMD, Lima CM, de Carvalho RLA, Leite FPP, Souza ROA. Surface Treatment and Cementation of Lithium Silicate Ceramics Containing ZrO2. Oper Dent 2022; 47:202-213. [DOI: 10.2341/20-156-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective
To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium silicate (LS) and lithium disilicate (LD) ceramics, after thermocycling.
Methods and Materials
For SBS test, 72 ceramic blocks (18×14×2 mm) were made (24 blocks from each ceramic material): VITA Suprinity (LSS), Celtra Duo (LSC), and Lithium disilicate (LD). The blocks were polished with sandpaper of increasing grit (#280, #400, #800, and #1200) and embedded in chemically activated acrylic resin. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into 12 groups (6 blocks per group) according to: “Ceramic” (LD, LSC, and LSS) and “Surface treatment” (HFS: hydrofluoric acid + silane; MEP: Monobond Etch & Prime/Ivoclar). From each treated surface ceramic block, four dual-curing resin cement cylinders (RelyX U200, 3M Oral Care) were prepared using a Tygon tube (Ø=3 mm and h=2 mm) and light cured for 40 seconds (1000 mW/cm2) (N=288/n=24). All specimens were submitted to thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5°C and 55°C, 30 seconds) and then to SBS test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using a 50-kgf load cell. Forty-five additional blocks were made for roughness and SEM analysis. Failure mode was also performed. The data (MPa) were statistically analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test (5%), and Weibull analysis. The Ra was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn Test (5%). The other variables were analyzed qualitatively.
Results
ANOVA revealed that “surface treatment” was significant for all ceramic materials (p<0.05). The LD-HFS (18.66±3.49), LSC-HFS (16.81±2.62), and LSS-HFS (16.33±3.08) groups had significantly higher SBS than the LD-MEP (7.00±4.2), LSC-MEP (14.12±3.51), and LSS-MEP (13.87±2.52) groups. Complete adhesive failures at the cement– dentin interface were more frequent. Weibull modulus was superior for the LD-HFS (6.22), LSC-HFS (8.8), and LSS-HFS (7.4) groups.
Conclusion
HF followed by silanization is the most suitable surface treatment for the cementation of LS and LD glass ceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JD Martins
- Jordana Dias Martins, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - DMD Moura
- Dayanne Monielle Duarte Moura, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Dentistry, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Caicó/RN, Brazil
| | - CM Lima
- Camila Moreira Lima, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - RLA de Carvalho
- Ronaldo Luís Almeida de Carvalho, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - FPP Leite
- Fabíola Pessôa Pereira Leite, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - ROA Souza
- *Rodrigo Othávio Assunção e Souza, DDS, MSc, PhD, adjunct professor, Health Science Center, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Lagoa Nova, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kermanshah H, Ahmadi E, Rafeie N, Rafizadeh S, Ranjbar Omrani L. Vickers micro-hardness study of the effect of fluoride mouthwash on two types of CAD/CAM ceramic materials erosion. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35354455 PMCID: PMC8969233 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of fluoride mouthwash on the surface micro-hardness of two types of CAD/CAM ceramics after exposure to acidic solutions. Methods 40 samples (5 × 5 × 3 mm3) were prepared from two different ceramics: Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups in each ceramic (n = 8) immersed in different solutions: Gs: saliva: GGA: gastric acid, GAA: acetic acid, GFGA: sodium fluoride + gastric acid, GFAA: sodium fluoride + acetic acid. The microhardness of samples was measured before and after immersion in different solutions by Vickers microhardness tester. By subtracting the microhardness values after and before immersion, the microhardness changes of the samples were obtained. Data were analyzed by Two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results Immersion in different solutions reduced the microhardness. Microhardness loss was significantly affected in G FAA and G FGA groups in both types of ceramics (P < 0.05). For Vitabloc Mark II groups, the microhardness loss was significantly higher in GFAA and GFGA compared to IPS e.max CAD P < 0.001). Conclusion Fluoride mouthwash in conjunction with acidic solutions may adversely affect microhardness of Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD that may consequently compromise the clinical service. Vitabloc Mark II CAD was significantly more affected than IPS e.max CAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02135-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kermanshah
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Rafizadeh
- School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, 14174, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Effect of Different Surface Conditioning Techniques on the Bonding between Resin Cement & Ceramic. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface etching before cementation is a vital step that determines the clinical performance of ceramic restorations. Etching alters surface topography that contributes effective bonding between ceramic restoration and resin cement. This study aimed to compare etching techniques to determine the most effective etching method contributing the highest bond strength that helps in improving dental implants. Materials and methods: sixty discs of feldspathic ceramic measuring 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness were prepared. The 60 samples were divided into four equal groups based on the surface treatment technique used: group A: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid; group B: coarse diamond burs; group C: CO2 laser; and group D: no treatment. Ceramic disc specimens were examined under a Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) after surface treatment to characterize their surface morphology. Further, the specimens were luted with a resin luting agent and incubated for 24 h at a temperature of 37 °C simulating the oral environment. After 24 h, shear bond strength (SBS) and the nature of bond failure was determined for each specimen using a universal Instron testing machine. Results: significant change in surface morphology was noticed on hydrofluoric acid treatment forming larger irregular roughness (4.83 ± 1.78 µm) with multiple patterns of grooves and pores compared to other groups. Further, the highest SBS value was measured on hydrofluoric acid etching that display the highest bond strength due to the high surface roughness. In conclusion, our findings report a strong association between the surface roughness and bond strength upon hydrofluoric acid compared to other methods. Further work in this direction will enhance the utility of the etching technique on the improvement of dental implants.
Collapse
|
10
|
In Vitro Effect of Acidic Solutions and Sodium Fluoride on Surface Roughness of Two Types of CAD-CAM Dental Ceramics. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:9977993. [PMID: 34341664 PMCID: PMC8325578 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9977993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study assessed the effect of immersion in acidic solutions and sodium fluoride on surface roughness of dental ceramics. Materials and Methods 40 blocks of Vitablocs Mark II and IPS e.max CAD (5 × 5 × 3) were prepared. The samples were divided into five groups (n = 8) for immersion in artificial saliva (control), artificially prepared gastric acid, acetic acid, 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid, and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid. The samples were immersed for 168 hours in the respective solutions except for sodium fluoride, in which the samples were immersed for 69 hours. The surface roughness of samples was measured before and after immersion using a profilometer. The surface roughness changes of three specimens of each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and independent t-test. Results Significant changes were noted in Ra (P=0.002) and Rq (P < 0.0001) in both types of ceramics. The lowest changes in Ra and Rq parameters were seen in artificial saliva and gastric acid and highest changes occurred following immersion in 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid, respectively. Changes in Rz were also significant following immersion in Vitablocs Mark II (P < 0.05). Immersion in 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid produced a rougher surface on both types of ceramics (SEM). Conclusion Exposure of Vitablocs Mark II CAD and IPS e.max CAD to 0.02% sodium fluoride + gastric acid and 0.02% sodium fluoride + acetic acid significantly increased their surface roughness, while for Vitablocs Mark II, lager defects were seen on its surface.
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of Die Spacer Thickness on the Microshear Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Veneers. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4593131. [PMID: 34335770 PMCID: PMC8324392 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4593131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength of ceramic veneers with digital die spacer settings at 20, 40, and 100 µm. Materials and Methods Eighteen milled lithium disilicate microdiscs (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were divided into three groups (n = 6) according to their digital die spacer settings: group A = 20 µm, group B = 40 µm, and group C = 100 µm. Six randomly selected sound maxillary premolars received three microdiscs each. Each microdisc was 1 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height. The buccal surfaces of the premolars were prepared with a 0.5 mm depth in enamel. After cementation, the specimens were thermocycled for 2,500 cycles between 5 and 55°C. Microshear bond strength testing was performed using a universal testing machine until bonding failure. Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and chi-square test with a 5% alpha error and 80% study power. Results The mean microshear bond strength values were calculated in MPa for group A = 31.91 ± 12.41, group B = 29.58 ± 5.03, and group C = 13.85 ± 4.12. One-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05) showed a statistically significant difference in microshear bond strength among the three groups. Tukey's post hoc test showed significant differences between groups A and C (p=0.004) and between groups B and C (p=0.011). The failure modes were presented as cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failures. Chi-square test indicated that the failure mode distribution was not significantly different among the three groups (p=0.970). Conclusion Higher digital die spacer settings decrease the microshear bond strength of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate veneers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Azevedo VLB, de Castro EF, Bonvent JJ, de Andrade OS, Nascimento FD, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Surface treatments on CAD/CAM glass-ceramics: Influence on roughness, topography, and bond strength. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:739-749. [PMID: 33991436 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of surface treatment on roughness (SA), topography, and shear bond strength (SBS) of computer-aided designer and manufacture (CAD/CAM) zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and feldspathic (FEL) glass-ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS FEL and ZLS specimens were submitted to 5% or 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) or self-etching ceramic primer (MEP) and different application times (20, 40, and 60 s), or to sandblasting (Control, 20 s). Resin cement cylinders were bonded to the specimens and tested in shear (n = 10) after 24 h and 16-months of water storage. SA and topography were evaluated by atomic force (AFM, n = 10) and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Sandblasting promoted the highest SA for ZLS, but 10% HF (40, 60 s) promoted higher SBS at 16 months. 10% HF produced the highest SA for FEL, but sandblasting and 5% HF (20 s) maintained SBS after 16 months, without differences from 10% HF (20 s) (p > 0.05). Overall, MEP produced lower SA and SBS among groups (p < 0.05). HF displayed greater morphological changes on FEL. CONCLUSION 10% HF (40 s) provided better results for ZLS, while 5% or 10% HF (20 s) was suitable for FEL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface treatments influenced SA, topography, and SBS of materials. HF etching is the surface treatment of choice for both CAD/CAM glass-ceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Fernandes de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jean-Jacques Bonvent
- Department of Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Keshmiri N, Alaghehmand H, Mokhtarpour F. Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatments on Surface Roughness and Three-Point Flexural Strength of Suprinity Ceramic. Front Dent 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 33615299 PMCID: PMC7883654 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i22.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and etching time on the surface roughness (SR) and three-point flexural strength of Suprinity and to analyze the surface elements before and after etching. Materials and Methods To measure the SR, 70 specimens of Suprinity (2×4×5mm3) were assigned to seven groups (n=10). Six groups were etched for 20, 60, and 120 seconds with 5% and 10% HF and 7th group was the control group. Specimens were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). One specimen from each group was used to analyze the surface elements using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For measuring the three-point flexural strength, 60 specimens were divided into six groups (n=10) and etched as previously described. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results The 10% concentration of HF caused higher SR compared to the 5% HF. The effect of HF concentration on the flexural strength was significantly different in the 20- and 60-second etching groups. Different etching times had no significantly different effect on the SR. With 5% HF, the flexural strength was significantly higher for 20-second etching time than for the etching times of 60 and 120 seconds. With 10% HF, there was a significant difference in flexural strength between etching times of 20 and 120 seconds. The atomic percentage (at%) of silica was enhanced by increasing the etching time. Conclusion The best surface etching protocol comprises 10% HF used for 20 seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Keshmiri
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faraneh Mokhtarpour
- Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Donmez MB, Okutan Y, Yucel MT. Effect of prolonged application of single-step self-etching primer and hydrofluoric acid on the surface roughness and shear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:542-549. [PMID: 33247878 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to assess the influence of different concentrations and durations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP) etching on the surface roughness (Ra ) of different CAD/CAM materials and on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-adhesive resin bonded to the materials. Seventy specimens of hybrid ceramic, leucite-based glass-ceramic, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic were prepared and divided into seven groups according to the surface treatments: Control (C); MEP etching for 60 (MEP60 ) and 120 (MEP120 ) s; 5% HF etching for 60 (HF-5%60 ) and 120 (HF-5%120 ) s; 9.5% HF etching for 60 (HF-9.5%60 ) and 120 (HF-9.5%120 ) s. The Ra was measured using a 3D profilometer. All groups were treated with a universal primer except for the C, MEP60 , and MEP120 groups. A self-adhesive resin cement was bonded to all specimens, and the bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. All surface treatments increased both Ra and SBS values compared to the control in each material. Neither the duration of surface treatments nor the HF acid concentrations had a statistically significant effect on SBS. Within the limitations of this experimental study, it can be concluded that Monobond Etch & Prime may be a preferable method to achieve high bond strength values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa B Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yener Okutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Munir T Yucel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Comparison of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic surface treatment with hydrofluoric acid, Nd:YAG, and CO2 lasers on shear bond strength of metal brackets. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2659-2666. [PMID: 32918122 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the effects of different surface conditioning methods of lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six lithium disilicate ceramic blocks mounted in acrylic resin blocks were assigned to 3 groups (n = 12): 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HF); neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser; and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. The glass ceramic surfaces were primed with a silane, and the brackets were bonded using a light-cured composite resin. SBS test was carried out in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed until the brackets were debonded. The remaining adhesive was evaluated under a stereomicroscope in terms of the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The surface hardness was determined with a 100-gr force using a microhardness tester. Glass ceramic surface changes were evaluated using the scanning electron microscope. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane tests were used to compare microhardness values, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze SBS values and ARI. RESULTS The median and interquartile range of SBS values in 3 groups were 6.48 (1.56-15.18), 1.26 (0.83-1.67), and 0.99 MPa (0.70-2.10), respectively. Microhardness analysis revealed significant differences between the CO2 laser and intact porcelain groups (P = 0.003), without significant differences between the other groups. Group 1 exhibited the highest ARI. CONCLUSION Neither CO2 nor Nd:YAG lasers resulted in adequate surface changes for bonding of brackets on ceramics compared with the samples conditioned with HF. CO2 laser decreased the microhardness of ceramics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surface conditioning with HF resulted in clinically acceptable SBS values.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bahadır HS, Bayraktar Y. Evaluation of the repair capacities and color stabilities of a resin nanoceramic and hybrid CAD/CAM blocks. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:140-149. [PMID: 32601533 PMCID: PMC7314625 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the color stabilities of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and a nanofill composite resin and the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve specimens of 4 mm height were prepared for both Lava Ultimate (L) and Vita Enamic (E) CAD/CAM blocks. Half of the specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) for each material. Both thermocycled and non-thermocycled specimens were surface treated with one of the three different methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, bur, or control). For each surface treatment group, one of the thermocycled and one of non-thermocycled specimens were restored using silane (Ceramic Primer II), universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal), and nanofill composite resin of 4-mm height (Filtek Ultimate). The other specimens were restored with the same procedure without using silane. For each group, 1 × 1 × 8 mm bar specimens were prepared using a microcutting device. Bar specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) and microtensile tests were performed. Staining of the materials in coffee solution was also compared using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc Scheffe tests. RESULTS µTBS were found similar between the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups (P>.05). The highest µTBS (20.818 MPa) was found in the non-thermocycled, bur-ground, silane-applied E group. Silane increased µTBS at some E groups (P<.05). Composite resin specimens showed more staining than CAD/CAM blocks (P<.05). CONCLUSION CAD/CAM blocks can be repaired with composite resins after proper surface treatments. Using silane is recommended in repair process. Color differences may be shown between CAD/CAM blocks and the nanofill composite after a certain time period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasibe Sevilay Bahadır
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Bayraktar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
MOURA DMD, ARAÚJO AMMD, SOUZA KBD, VERÍSSIMO AH, TRIBST JPM, SOUZA RODAE. Hydrofluoric acid concentration, time and use of phosphoric acid on the bond strength of feldspathic ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
18
|
Soleimani L, Alaghemand H, Fatemi SM, Esmaeili B. Effect of heat treatment and addition of 4-META to silane on microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max CAD ceramic to resin cement. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019; 16:318-326. [PMID: 31543938 PMCID: PMC6749856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silane promotes bonding between ceramic and resin cement. Silane function could be improved by heat treatment and adding 4-Methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat treatment and adding 4-META to silanes on the microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max CAD ceramic and resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, 32 IPS e.max CAD blocks (6 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm) were randomly divided into 8 groups of 4. The ceramic surfaces were etched by 10% hydrofluoric (HF) for 20 s, and Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPA) +4-META, CPA + Clearfil SE Bond (CPA + SE), and Bis-Silane with and without Oven drying at 100°C for 5 min were applied on the ceramic surfaces as silanes, and then, the ceramics were bonded to composite disks by dual-cured resin cements. Ultimately, a total of 120 sticks ( 1 mm × 1 mm × 8 mm) were subjected to microtensile bond strength test (15 sticks from each group) and the failure types were assessed by stereomicroscope at 40x. Data were analyzed by two-sided analysis of variance test and Student's t-test the P values were considered to be < 0.05. RESULTS The Bis Silane group (two bottles) showed maximum bond strength (P = 0.009). Heat treatment significantly reduced the bond strength in Bis Silane (P = 0.0001); but, in other groups, it did not show significant effect on the bond strength. Adding 4-META to CPA did not significantly affect the microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max CAD ceramic to resin cement, and there was no difference in mode of failure between groups. CONCLUSION The effect of silane type was significant on the microtensile bond strength of the ceramic to resin cement. The effect of 4-META on the bond strength was not significant. The interaction between silane type and heat treatment on the bond strength of ceramic to resin cement was also significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Soleimani
- Oral Health Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghemand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Esmaeili
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Behnaz Esmaeili, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Straface A, Rupp L, Gintaute A, Fischer J, Zitzmann NU, Rohr N. HF etching of CAD/CAM materials: influence of HF concentration and etching time on shear bond strength. Head Face Med 2019; 15:21. [PMID: 31395069 PMCID: PMC6686502 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-019-0206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The required pretreatment of CAD/CAM ceramic materials before resin composite cement application varies among studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two adhesive and two self-adhesive resin composite cements to different CAD/CAM ceramic materials. Methods SBS of two adhesive (Panavia V5, Kuraray, [PV5]; Vita Adiva F-Cem, Vita Zahnfabrik, [VAF]) and two self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, 3 M Espe, [RUN]; Vita Adiva S-Cem, Vita, [VAS]) cements to four different CAD/CAM materials (Vitablocs Mark II, Vita, [VM]; Vita Enamic, Vita, [VE]; e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, [EC]; Vita Suprinity PC, Vita, [VS]) was measured. The effect of the surface pretreatment by using two different hydrofluoric acid products (HF5% Vita Ceramics Etch, Vita and HF9% buffered, Ultradent Porcelain Etch, Ultradent Products) were assessed at etching times of 0 s, 5 s, 15 s, 30s and 60s for each cement and restorative material combination (n = 10 per group, total n = 1440). Results Significant effects were found for the etching time and cement for all materials with highest shear bond strength for etching times of 60s = 30s = 15 s ≥ 5 s > 0 s and for RUN>PV5 = VAF > VAS (p < 0.05). Etching with HF5% for 5 s to 15 s resulted in higher SBS values, while no differences were observed between HF5% and HF9% buffered when the substrates were etched for 30s to 60s (p < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study the recommended surface pretreatment of silicate ceramics is HF etching with concentrations of 5% or 9% for 15 s to 60s to achieve highest shear bond strength while the glassy matrix is sufficiently dissolved. The tested resin composite cements can be applied with all tested materials and suggested for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Straface
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Rupp
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aiste Gintaute
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Fischer
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola U Zitzmann
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Rohr
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Esmaeili B, Soleimani L, Alaghemand H, Fatemi S. Effect of heat treatment and addition of 4-META to silane on microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max CAD ceramic to resin cement. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.266086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
21
|
Hou Y, Shen R, Chen L, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Li J, Gao J. Shear Bond Strength of Different CAD/CAM Ceramics: Acid vs Er:YAG Laser Etching. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:614-620. [PMID: 30227090 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yepo Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renze Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luyuan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guagnzhou, China
| | - Yingtong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JingMei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|